EP0566463B1 - Improvements to prestressed concrete structures by using greased and sheated strands - Google Patents

Improvements to prestressed concrete structures by using greased and sheated strands Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0566463B1
EP0566463B1 EP93400941A EP93400941A EP0566463B1 EP 0566463 B1 EP0566463 B1 EP 0566463B1 EP 93400941 A EP93400941 A EP 93400941A EP 93400941 A EP93400941 A EP 93400941A EP 0566463 B1 EP0566463 B1 EP 0566463B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
concrete
strands
formwork
block
greased
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0566463A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Nieto
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
    • B28B23/046—Post treatment to obtain pre-stressed articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to concrete structures prestressed using the post-tension of a plurality of strands of the so-called "greased sheathed" type or analogues.
  • each of these strands 4 is constituted by a cable or bundle of metallic wires 5 arranged in a sheath 6, generally made of high density polyethylene, with interposition of a lubricant such as a grease 7 making possible relative slippage of the cable in its sheath.
  • a lubricant such as a grease 7
  • Each end of the tube 3 is connected, by via a tubular connector 8, to a trumpet 9 -which will be designated in the following by the term "tromplaque" usually used by technicians- which opens to the outside of the formwork through an opening appropriate 10 of it, the perimeter of the trochot being attached to the edge of said hole in a sealed manner to concrete when it is poured, in particular using systems threaded rod nuts 11.
  • Concrete is then poured into the formwork taking care that no portion of the concrete poured, does not penetrate inside the delimited hollow housing externally by the tube 3 extended by the trochot 9.
  • each hole 10 is closed with a cable gland cover 12 drilled so as to receive a classified and sealed manner the sheathed ends of different sections 4 set up.
  • the bushing of the stuffing box cover 12 by each sheathed end of strand 4 must be made so waterproof to the grout 13.
  • the fine grout 13 After setting or hardening, the fine grout 13 forms a solid mass in which are intimately embedded the strands 4 with the exception of their ends, which reinforces protection, metal cables 5, already due to the presence of the sheaths 6 which surround them, while making possible the relative longitudinal sliding subsequent of these cables in their sheaths, sliding involved in the subsequent power up said cables.
  • the second phase is for example carried out from the manner which will be described in more detail later in the part of the description of a complete embodiment of the present invention: in fact, as regards this second phase, the present invention does not differ of the prior art considered here.
  • the invention proposes a solution which makes it possible to delete these different elements and even further in in some cases, trochot 9 itself.
  • anchor by which one or more sheathed strands greased can be individually drowned, on the most of their length in hardened concrete constituting the essential of the work.
  • Such systems anchors are described in documents FR-A-2 638 771 and EP-A-0 129 976.
  • the hardened concrete in which the strand is embedded belongs to a stripped block after casting and the hardening of the concrete, and the end of the strand is stripped beyond an outer face of this block, where it projection and where it is anchored by means of a key sectional.
  • a support plate belonging to the block stripped is between said outer face of the block and the end of the sheath of the strand, which poses a serious sealing problem when pouring concrete, which can result in premature corrosion of the strand.
  • the present invention aims to simplify the prestressed concrete structures relative to a structure conventional such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, and therefore to make them more economical, without encounter too serious problems with sealing and corrosion.
  • the invention thus provides a work such as defined in claim 1.
  • the invention includes, apart from these arrangements main, certain other provisions which preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly question below.
  • Figure 3 of said drawings schematically illustrates the first phase of a construction process of prestressed structure according to the invention.
  • FIGS 4, 5, 6 and 7 show schematically the four stages making up the second phase of this process.
  • Figure 8 shows a variant of the figure 3.
  • This plate 16 can be fixed anyway desirable on the ring 15 and / or on the formwork 1, by example using systems 11 themselves or using legs, angled or not, fixed to the formwork using of said systems.
  • the lights 17 are suitable for receiving the ends of the strands 4 with a small visible play in j which is compatible with sealing of the bushings considered vis-à-vis the poured concrete.
  • each strand can be carried out similarly at its two ends or, more simply, it is carried out at one end only of the strand considered, its other end being simply anchored.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

A structure made of concrete which is prestressed by using a plurality of greased and sheathed strands (4) intimately embedded in a set mass over their entire length, except for their exposed ends which project out from this mass at positions which are slightly spaced apart transversely with respect to one another, the said mass consisting exclusively of the set concrete (2) constituting the essential part of the structure. The construction of this structure involves passing a perforated plate (16) over the said ends, this plate ensuring leakproofness only in respect of the cast concrete. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative aux ouvrages en béton précontraint mettant en oeuvre la post-tension d'une pluralité de torons du type dit "gainé graissé" ou analogues.The invention relates to concrete structures prestressed using the post-tension of a plurality of strands of the so-called "greased sheathed" type or analogues.

Elle vise également les procédés de construction de ces ouvrages.It also targets construction processes of these works.

Dans des modes de réalisation connus de ces derniers, décrits ici en référence au schéma général de la figure 1, on place à l'intérieur du coffrage 1 destiné à recevoir le béton 2 constitutif de l'ouvrage, avant coulée de ce béton, au moins un tube 3 en matière plastique destiné à recevoir les torons gainés graissés 4.In known embodiments of these last, described here with reference to the general scheme of Figure 1, we place inside the formwork 1 intended to receive the concrete 2 constituting the structure, before pouring of this concrete, at least one plastic tube 3 intended to receive the greased sheathed strands 4.

Comme visible sur la coupe transversale de la figure 2, chacun de ces torons 4 est constitué par un câble ou faisceau de fils métalliques 5 disposé dans une gaine 6, généralement en polyéthylène haute densité, avec interposition d'un lubrifiant tel qu'une graisse 7 rendant possibles les glissements relatifs du câble dans sa gaine.As visible on the cross section of the Figure 2, each of these strands 4 is constituted by a cable or bundle of metallic wires 5 arranged in a sheath 6, generally made of high density polyethylene, with interposition of a lubricant such as a grease 7 making possible relative slippage of the cable in its sheath.

Chaque extrémité du tube 3 est raccordée, par l'intermédiaire d'un raccord tubulaire 8, à une trompette 9 -qui sera désignée dans la suite par le terme "tromplaque" habituellement utilisé par les techniciens-, laquelle débouche à l'extérieur du coffrage à travers une ouverture appropriée 10 de celui-ci, le pourtour de la tromplaque étant fixé sur le bord dudit trou d'une manière étanche au béton lors de sa coulée, notamment à l'aide de systèmes écrous-tiges filetées 11.Each end of the tube 3 is connected, by via a tubular connector 8, to a trumpet 9 -which will be designated in the following by the term "tromplaque" usually used by technicians- which opens to the outside of the formwork through an opening appropriate 10 of it, the perimeter of the trochot being attached to the edge of said hole in a sealed manner to concrete when it is poured, in particular using systems threaded rod nuts 11.

On procède alors à la coulée du béton dans le coffrage en prenant bien soin qu'aucune portion, du béton coulé, ne pénètre à l'intérieur du logement creux délimité extérieurement par le tube 3 prolongé par la tromplaque 9. Concrete is then poured into the formwork taking care that no portion of the concrete poured, does not penetrate inside the delimited hollow housing externally by the tube 3 extended by the trochot 9.

Après coulée du béton dans le coffrage, puis prise de ce béton, on dégage ledit coffrage, et on met en place les torons 4 dans le logement creux, notamment d'une manière désordonnée.After pouring concrete into the formwork, then setting of this concrete, we release said formwork, and we put in place the strands 4 in the hollow housing, in particular of a messy way.

Après quoi, on obture chaque trou 10 à l'aide d'un capot presse-étoupe 12 percé de façon à recevoir d'une manière classée et étanche les extrémités gainées des différents tronçons 4 mis en place.After which, each hole 10 is closed with a cable gland cover 12 drilled so as to receive a classified and sealed manner the sheathed ends of different sections 4 set up.

[Pour éviter la multiplication des dessins, on a représenté sur la figure 1 le coffrage 1 et le capot presse-étoupe 12. Mais en réalité leurs mises en place respectives sont en général successives et non simultanées, le coffrage pouvant ne pas être percé au droit de la tromplaque 9, et le capot 12 pouvant être fixé sur cette tromplaque par les mêmes systèmes 11 que le coffrage, après dégagement de ce dernier].[To avoid the multiplication of drawings, we have shown in Figure 1 the formwork 1 and the cover cable gland 12. But in reality their implementation in general are successive and not simultaneous, the formwork may not be pierced at the right of the face 9, and the cover 12 can be fixed on this tromplaque by the same systems 11 as the formwork, after release of the latter].

On injecte alors à l'intérieur de l'ensemble tube-tromplaque, de manière à remplir l'espace compris à l'intérieur de cet ensemble autour des tronçons 4, un coulis 13 suffisamment fin et fluide pour pouvoir progresser tout le long du tube et enrober la totalité des faces extérieures des différents torons 4.We then inject inside the tube-tracheal assembly, so as to fill the space included in inside this set around sections 4, a grout 13 thin enough and fluid enough to be able to progress all along the tube and coat all of the faces exterior of the different strands 4.

Cette injection a été schématisée sur la figure 1 par la flèche F.This injection has been shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 by arrow F.

La traversée du capot presse-étoupe 12 par chaque extrémité gainée de toron 4 doit être effectuée de manière étanche audit coulis 13.The bushing of the stuffing box cover 12 by each sheathed end of strand 4 must be made so waterproof to the grout 13.

Après sa prise ou durcissement, le coulis fin 13 forme une masse solide dans laquelle sont intimement noyés les torons 4 à l'exception de leurs extrémités, ce qui renforce la protection, des câbles métalliques 5, déjà due à la présence des gaines 6 qui les entourent, tout en rendant possibles les coulissements longitudinaux relatifs ultérieurs de ces câbles dans leurs gaines, coulissements qui interviennent lors de la mise sous tension ultérieure desdits câbles. After setting or hardening, the fine grout 13 forms a solid mass in which are intimately embedded the strands 4 with the exception of their ends, which reinforces protection, metal cables 5, already due to the presence of the sheaths 6 which surround them, while making possible the relative longitudinal sliding subsequent of these cables in their sheaths, sliding involved in the subsequent power up said cables.

Après ledit durcissement du coulis fin 13, on dégage les capots presse-étoupe 12 et on effectue la mise sous tension des câbles en appliquant des efforts de traction sur les extrémités, des torons 4, qui font saillie hors du massif monobloc constitué par les masses durcies de béton 2 et de coulis 13.After said hardening of the fine grout 13, we releases the cable gland covers 12 and the setting is carried out cables under tension by applying stresses traction on the ends, of the strands 4, which make protrusion out of the solid block formed by the masses hardened concrete 2 and grout 13.

Pour clarifier la description, on désignera ici par les expressions "première phase" et "seconde phase" du procédé de construction de l'ouvrage, respectivement :

  • la suite des étapes qui viennent d'être décrites et qui s'achèvent par le décoffrage du bloc durci dans lequel sont noyés les torons gainés graissés à l'exception de leurs extrémités sortantes,
  • et la suite des étapes ultérieures comprenant la mise sous tension des torons et la protection finale des extrémités des torons tendus.
To clarify the description, here we will designate by the expressions "first phase" and "second phase" of the construction process of the structure, respectively:
  • the following steps which have just been described and which end with the formwork of the hardened block in which the greased sheathed strands are embedded, with the exception of their outgoing ends,
  • and the continuation of the subsequent stages comprising the tensioning of the strands and the final protection of the ends of the stretched strands.

Pour le procédé de l'art antérieur décrit ci-dessus, la seconde phase est par exemple effectuée de la manière qui sera décrite plus en détail plus loin dans le cadre de la description d'un mode de réalisation complet de la présente invention : en effet, pour ce qui est de cette seconde phase, la présente invention ne diffère pas de l'art antérieur ici considéré.For the prior art method described above, the second phase is for example carried out from the manner which will be described in more detail later in the part of the description of a complete embodiment of the present invention: in fact, as regards this second phase, the present invention does not differ of the prior art considered here.

Pour ce qui est de la première phase décrite ci-dessus du procédé selon l'art antérieur, il est à noter qu'elle fait intervenir, entre autres, un relativement gros tube 3, un capot presse-étoupe 12 relativement coûteux qui doit faire l'objet d'une traversée étanche, vis-à-vis du coulis, par les extrémités des torons 4, et un coulis fin 13 qui doit faire l'objet d'une injection spéciale.Regarding the first phase described above of the process according to the prior art, it should be noted that it involves, among other things, a relatively large tube 3, a relatively stuffing box cover 12 expensive which must be the subject of a watertight crossing, opposite the grout, by the ends of the strands 4, and a fine grout 13 which must be injected special.

L'invention propose une solution qui permet de supprimer ces différents éléments et même en outre, dans certains cas, la tromplaque 9 elle-même.The invention proposes a solution which makes it possible to delete these different elements and even further in in some cases, trochot 9 itself.

Une description d'un exemple d'ancrage du type considéré ci-dessus en référence à la figure 1 peut être trouvée dans : "Procédés FREYSSINET - Ancrages pour précontrainte intérieure et extérieure - Système C", février 1991. Notice technique publiée par la Commission Interministérielle de la Précontrainte (CIP), pages 25, 26 et 48.A description of an example of anchoring of the type considered above with reference to Figure 1 can be found in: "FREYSSINET Processes - Anchors for interior and exterior prestressing - System C ", February 1991. Technical notice published by the Commission Interministerial of Prestressing (CIP), pages 25, 26 and 48.

Il a par ailleurs été proposé d'autres systèmes d'ancrage, par lesquels un ou plusieurs torons gainés graissés peuvent être individuellement noyés, sur la majeure partie de leur longueur, dans le béton durci constitutif de l'essentiel de l'ouvrage. De tels systèmes d'ancrage sont décrits dans les documents FR-A-2 638 771 et EP-A-0 129 976. Dans le système décrit dans ce dernier document, le béton durci dans lequel est noyé le toron appartient à un bloc décoffré après la coulée et le durcissement du béton, et l'extrémité du toron est dénudée au-delà d'une face extérieure de ce bloc, où elle fait saillie et où elle est ancrée au moyen d'une clavette tronçonique. Une plaque de support appartenant au bloc décoffré se trouve entre ladite face extérieure du bloc et l'extrémité de la gaine du toron, ce qui pose un sérieux problème d'étanchéité lors de la coulée du béton, d'où peut résulter une corrosion prématurée du toron.Other systems have also been proposed. anchor, by which one or more sheathed strands greased can be individually drowned, on the most of their length in hardened concrete constituting the essential of the work. Such systems anchors are described in documents FR-A-2 638 771 and EP-A-0 129 976. In the system described in the latter document, the hardened concrete in which the strand is embedded belongs to a stripped block after casting and the hardening of the concrete, and the end of the strand is stripped beyond an outer face of this block, where it projection and where it is anchored by means of a key sectional. A support plate belonging to the block stripped is between said outer face of the block and the end of the sheath of the strand, which poses a serious sealing problem when pouring concrete, which can result in premature corrosion of the strand.

La présente invention vise à simplifier les ouvrages en béton précontraint par rapport à une structure classique telle que celle illustrée par la figure 1, et donc à les rendre plus économiques, sans pour autant se heurter à de trop sérieux problèmes d'étanchéité et de corrosion.The present invention aims to simplify the prestressed concrete structures relative to a structure conventional such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, and therefore to make them more economical, without encounter too serious problems with sealing and corrosion.

L'invention propose ainsi un ouvrage tel que défini dans la revendication 1.The invention thus provides a work such as defined in claim 1.

Pour ce qui est de la première phase des procédés de construction des ouvrages en béton précontraint du genre en question, on a recours à la suite des étapes énumérées dans la revendication 2 :Regarding the first phase of the processes for the construction of prestressed concrete structures from genre in question, we resort to following the steps listed in claim 2:

Dans des modes de réalisation avantageux, on a recours en outre à la disposition suivante :

  • l'anneau d'appui constitue la base élargie d'une tromplaque entourant l'ensemble des torons et elle-même remplie de béton lors de la coulée de celui-ci dans le coffrage.
In advantageous embodiments, use is also made of the following arrangement:
  • the support ring constitutes the enlarged base of a trochus surrounding all of the strands and itself filled with concrete when it is poured into the formwork.

L'invention comprend, mises à part ces dispositions principales, certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après.The invention includes, apart from these arrangements main, certain other provisions which preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly question below.

Dans ce qui suit, l'on va décrire des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention en se référant aux figures 3 à 8 des dessins ci-annexés d'une manière bien entendu non limitative.In what follows, we will describe modes of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to Figures 3 to 8 of the accompanying drawings in a good manner heard without limitation.

On rappelle que les figures 1 et 2, de ces dessins, ont déjà été évoqués précédemment en référence à l'art antérieur.Recall that Figures 1 and 2, of these drawings, have already been mentioned previously with reference to the prior art.

La figure 3, desdits dessins, illustre schématiquement la première phase d'un procédé de construction d'ouvrage précontraint selon l'invention.Figure 3 of said drawings schematically illustrates the first phase of a construction process of prestressed structure according to the invention.

Les figures 4, 5, 6 et 7 montrent schématiquement les quatre étapes composant la seconde phase de ce procédé.Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show schematically the four stages making up the second phase of this process.

Enfin, la figure 8 montre une variante de la figure 3.Finally, Figure 8 shows a variant of the figure 3.

Comme dans le procédé selon l'art antérieur décrit ci-dessus, il s'agit ici de construire un ouvrage en béton précontraint à l'aide d'une pluralité de torons 4 du type gainé graissé représenté sur la figure 2.As in the process according to the prior art described above, this involves building a concrete structure prestressed using a plurality of strands 4 of the type sheathed greased shown in Figure 2.

On met ici directement en place les torons 4 en question à l'intérieur du coffrage 1, notamment en les orientant selon des nappes parallèles avec interposition de barres métalliques 14 d'écartement et de support elles-mêmes supportées par le coffrage.Here we put the strands 4 directly in place question inside the formwork 1, in particular by orienting according to parallel sheets with interposition of metal bars 14 of spacing and support themselves supported by the formwork.

On fait traverser par une extrémité de chaque toron 4 :

  • une ouverture 10 évidée dans le coffrage 1,
  • un anneau d'appui 15 appliqué contre la face, du bord de l'ouverture 10, orientée vers l'intérieur du coffrage 1, ledit anneau étant fixé de façon amovible sur le coffrage 1, notamment à l'aide de systèmes écrous-tiges filetées 11, et une plaque 16 placée dans l'ouverture 10 et perforée elle-même par des lumières 17.
One makes cross by one end of each strand 4:
  • an opening 10 hollowed out in the formwork 1,
  • a support ring 15 applied against the face, of the edge of the opening 10, oriented towards the inside of the formwork 1, said ring being detachably fixed on the formwork 1, in particular by means of nut-rod systems threaded 11, and a plate 16 placed in the opening 10 and perforated itself by holes 17.

Cette plaque 16 peut être fixée de toute manière désirable sur l'anneau 15 et/ou sur le coffrage 1, par exemple à l'aide des systèmes 11 eux-mêmes ou à l'aide de pattes, coudées ou non, fixées sur le coffrage à l'aide desdits systèmes.This plate 16 can be fixed anyway desirable on the ring 15 and / or on the formwork 1, by example using systems 11 themselves or using legs, angled or not, fixed to the formwork using of said systems.

Les lumières 17 sont propres à recevoir les extrémités des torons 4 avec un petit jeu visible en j qui est compatible avec une étanchéité des traversées considérées vis-à-vis du béton coulé.The lights 17 are suitable for receiving the ends of the strands 4 with a small visible play in j which is compatible with sealing of the bushings considered vis-à-vis the poured concrete.

Il est à noter que cette étanchéité vis-à-vis du béton coulé est beaucoup moins rigoureuse que l'étanchéité vis-à-vis du coulis fin selon l'art antérieur, du fait que les composants du béton sont beaucoup plus grossiers que ceux du coulis : il est donc inutile de prévoir ici des presse-étoupe ou organes d'étanchéité analogues.It should be noted that this seal against the poured concrete is much less rigorous than waterproofing vis-à-vis the fine grout according to the prior art, because concrete components are much coarser than those of the grout: it is therefore unnecessary to provide here cable gland or similar sealing members.

Puis on coule le béton 2 dans le coffrage 1, opération qui est schématisée par la flèche G.Then we pour the concrete 2 into the formwork 1, operation which is represented by the arrow G.

Lors de cette coulée, on s'assure que le béton pénètre bien entre les différents torons 4 de façon à enrober extérieurement la totalité des faces extérieures des portions, de ces torons 4, disposées à l'intérieur du coffrage 1.During this pouring, we make sure that the concrete penetrates well between the different strands 4 so as to externally coat all of the exterior faces portions, of these strands 4, arranged inside the formwork 1.

Pour otenir ce résultat, on soumet avantageusement le béton en cours de coulée à des vibrations, notamment en soumettant le coffrage lui-même 1 à des vibrations ou, si cela n'est pas possible, en transférant au béton les vibrations appliquées sur des aiguilles introduites dans celui-ci. To obtain this result, we advantageously submit concrete being poured in vibrations, in particular by subjecting the formwork itself 1 to vibrations or, if this is not possible, transferring the concrete to vibrations applied to needles introduced into this one.

Après prise ou durcissement du béton 2, on dégage le coffrage 1 et la plaque perforée 16.After setting or hardening of concrete 2, we release the formwork 1 and the perforated plate 16.

On dispose alors d'un bloc durci sur une face duquel font saillie des extrémités gainées de torons 4, ainsi que visible sur la figure 4.We then have a hardened block on one side from which protrude the sheathed ends of strands 4, as seen in Figure 4.

Le bloc ainsi équipé de torons est tout à fait comparable à celui, décrit ci-dessus, tel qu'obtenu à la fin de la "première phase" du procédé de construction selon l'art antérieur.The block thus equipped with strands is completely comparable to that described above, as obtained from the end of the "first phase" of the construction process according to the prior art.

Mais il existe des différences importantes entre les deux blocs puisque :

  • d'une part, le second bloc ne comprend plus le tube 3 et le raccord 8 qui étaient incorporés dans le premier, ni la tromplaque 9 qui est ici remplacée par l'anneau 15,
  • d'autre part, le bloc durci, qui était composé d'une masse 2 de béton et d'une masse 13 de coulis fin dans le premier cas est, dans le second cas, exclusivement constitué par du béton 2.
But there are important differences between the two blocks since:
  • on the one hand, the second block no longer comprises the tube 3 and the fitting 8 which were incorporated in the first, nor the trochot 9 which is here replaced by the ring 15,
  • on the other hand, the hardened block, which was composed of a mass 2 of concrete and a mass 13 of fine grout in the first case is, in the second case, exclusively constituted by concrete 2.

C'est donc, dans le second cas, le béton 2 et non plus le coulis 13 qui a pour mission d'enrober aux fins de protection les gaines des torons 4.It is therefore, in the second case, concrete 2 and not plus the coulis 13 which has the task of coating for the purposes protection of the sheaths of the strands 4.

L'expérience a montré que, contrairement à ce que l'homme de l'art pouvait attendre, bien que la granulométrie du béton soit beaucoup moins fine que celle du coulis, ladite mission est parfaitement remplie par ledit béton.Experience has shown that, contrary to what those skilled in the art could wait, although the particle size concrete is much thinner than that of grout, said mission is perfectly fulfilled by said concrete.

Il résulte de ces deux observations, que le procédé qui vient d'être décrit, aboutissant au même résultat que le procédé selon l'art antérieur, est beaucoup plus économique que celui-ci.It follows from these two observations, that the process which has just been described, resulting in the same result that the method according to the prior art is much more economical than this one.

L'observation faite antérieurement sur l'utilisation d'une plaque perforée 16 traversée avec jeu par les extrémités des torons à la place de l'utilisation d'un capot presse-étoupe 12 traversé par lesdites extrémités d'une façon étanche aux coulis renforce encore l'avantage économique du nouveau procédé décrit par rapport au précédent.The observation made previously on the use of a perforated plate 16 crossed with clearance by the ends of the strands instead of using a stuffing box cover 12 crossed by said ends grout tightness further enhances the advantage economic of the new process described compared to previous.

Pour ce qui est de la "seconde phase" du procédé de construction ici considéré d'un ouvrage en béton précontraint, on lui fait comprendre avantageusement, d'une façon connue en soi, les étapes suivantes :

  • on dégarnit de sa gaine 6 chaque extrémité de toron 4 faisant saillie hors du bloc de béton durci 2, au niveau même de la surface S de ce bloc (figure 5), de sorte qu'il subsiste uniquement hors dudit bloc des tronçons dénudés de câble 5,
  • on place sur l'anneau 15, avec interposition d'un joint 18 (figure 6) en un mélange amiante-élastomère ou autre matériau souple imputrescible, un bloc d'ancrage 19 percé de part en part de façon à être traversé par les tronçons 5 et équipé de mors d'ancrage tronconiques fendus 20 entourant ces tronçons,
  • à l'aide de vérins appropriés (non représentés), on exerce les tractions désirées sur les extrémités, des tronçons 5, faisant saillie en dehors des mors 20, tractions qui sont ensuite conservées dans les câbles, grâce au serrage desdits mors, et transmises au bloc durci 2 par l'intermédiaire du bloc d'ancrage 19 et de l'anneau d'appui 15,
  • et l'on recouvre l'ensemble du bloc d'ancrage 19 et des éléments qu'il porte par un capot 21 (figure 7) rempli d'un produit de protection 22 tel qu'une graisse.
As regards the "second phase" of the construction process considered here of a prestressed concrete structure, it is advantageously made to understand, in a manner known per se, the following stages:
  • each end of the strand 4 protruding from its sheath 6 protruding from the hardened concrete block 2, at the same level as the surface S of this block (FIG. 5), so that only stripped sections of cable 5,
  • is placed on the ring 15, with the interposition of a seal 18 (Figure 6) in an asbestos-elastomer mixture or other flexible rot-proof material, an anchor block 19 drilled right through so as to be crossed by the sections 5 and equipped with split frustoconical anchoring jaws 20 surrounding these sections,
  • using appropriate jacks (not shown), the desired pulls are exerted on the ends, sections 5, protruding outside the jaws 20, pulls which are then kept in the cables, thanks to the tightening of said jaws, and transmitted to the hardened block 2 by means of the anchoring block 19 and the support ring 15,
  • and the whole of the anchoring block 19 and of the elements which it carries is covered by a cover 21 (FIG. 7) filled with a protective product 22 such as a grease.

Bien entendu, et d'une façon connue en soi, la mise en tension de chaque toron peut être effectuée semblablement à ses deux extrémités ou, plus simplement, elle est effectuée à une extrémité seulement du toron considéré, son autre extrémité étant simplement ancrée.Of course, and in a manner known per se, the tensioning of each strand can be carried out similarly at its two ends or, more simply, it is carried out at one end only of the strand considered, its other end being simply anchored.

En suite de quoi, et quel que soit le mode de réalisation adopté, on obtient un ouvrage en béton précontraint à l'aide d'une pluralité de torons du type gainé graissé, ouvrage dont la constitution et la construction résultent suffisamment de ce qui précède, et qui présente entre autres sur ceux du même genre antérieurement connus l'avantage d'un prix de revient très inférieur pour des performances tout à fait identiques.As a result of what, and whatever the mode of adopted implementation, we get a concrete structure prestressed using a plurality of strands of the type sheathed greased, work whose constitution and construction sufficiently result from the above, and which present among others on those of the same kind previously known the advantage of a much lower cost price for completely identical performance.

Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'application et de réalisation qui ont été plus spécialement envisagés ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes couvertes dans les revendications.As it goes without saying, and as it results from elsewhere already from the above, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiment which have been more specifically considered; she embraces it, on the contrary, all the variants covered in the claims.

C'est ainsi que l'anneau d'appui 15 pourrait être remplacé par une tromplaque 9 (figure 8) tout à fait comparable à celles utilisées selon l'art antérieur, tromplaque comportant en particulier :

  • une collerette ou renflement extérieur intermédiaire 24 permettant d'améliorer la répartition de la pression axiale de précontrainte dans le béton durci 2,
  • et un évent supérieur 25 propre à faire communiquer l'intérieur de la tromplaque avec un trou 26 évidé dans le coffrage 1 de façon à faciliter le remplissage de cette tromplaque par le béton 2 lors de la coulée de ce dernier.
This is how the support ring 15 could be replaced by a trachelate 9 (FIG. 8) quite comparable to those used according to the prior art, trachelate comprising in particular:
  • an intermediate external flange or bulge 24 making it possible to improve the distribution of the axial prestressing pressure in the hardened concrete 2,
  • and an upper vent 25 suitable for communicating the interior of the tromplaque with a hole 26 hollowed in the formwork 1 so as to facilitate the filling of this tromplaque with concrete 2 during the pouring of the latter.

A cet égard, il est à noter qu'il est tout à fait inusité de trouver du béton à l'intérieur d'une tromplaque : avant la présente invention, seul un coulis fin était autorisé à pénétrer à l'intérieur de cette pièce et l'on prenait au contraire des précautions pour interdire toute introduction de béton à l'intérieur de celle-ci.In this regard, it should be noted that it is entirely unusual to find concrete inside a trochot : before the present invention, only a fine grout was allowed to enter this room and on the contrary, precautions were taken to prohibit any introduction of concrete inside it.

On pourrait également remplacer la plaque perforée 16 par une portion du coffrage 1, les trous 17 destinés à recevoir les extrémités des torons 4 pouvant alors être directement évidés dans ledit coffrage, constitué par exemple en bois.We could also replace the perforated plate 16 by a portion of the formwork 1, the holes 17 intended to receive the ends of the strands 4 which can then be directly hollowed out in said formwork, constituted by wooden example.

Claims (3)

  1. A concrete structure prestressed by means of a plurality of sheathed and greased strands (4) individually embedded over the major part of their length in the set concrete (2) forming the main body of the structure, the set concrete in which the strands are embedded belonging to a block from which the formwork is removed after the pouring and setting of the said concrete (2), the ends of the strands being stripped beyond one outer surface (S) of the said block, where they project in positions which are slightly spaced from one another transversely and where they are anchored in the wedges of a plate (19), characterised in that the sheath (6) of each strand (4) extends, and is surrounded by the said set concrete (2), as far as the said outer surface (S) of the block in such manner that the concrete contiguously covers all the outer surfaces of the strands which were disposed inside the formwork used to form the said block.
  2. A method of constructing a prestressed concrete structure according to Claim 1, wherein the sheathed and greased strands (4) intended to prestress the structure are disposed directly in a formwork (1) intended to receive the concrete (2) forming the structure, in positions which are parallel or substantially parallel and slightly spaced from one another, one of the ends of each of the said strands is passed through an opening (10) formed in the formwork and a support ring (15) applied against the edge of said opening, on the inside of the formwork, the said end is also passed through a perforate plate (16) for spacing and positioning the ends of the strands, the passage of the strands through the perforations (17) in the plate (16) being sealing-tight only with respect to the poured concrete, the concrete is then poured into the formwork so that the said concrete contiguously covers all the outer surfaces of the strands disposed inside the formwork, and the formwork is removed and, if required, the perforate plate (16) after the setting of the said concrete, whereafter the various strands are tensioned and their projecting ends are protected.
  3. A construction method according to Claim 2, characterised in that the support ring forms the widened base of a flared tube (9) surrounding all the strands (4) and itself filled with concrete (2) when the latter is poured into the formwork.
EP93400941A 1992-04-15 1993-04-09 Improvements to prestressed concrete structures by using greased and sheated strands Expired - Lifetime EP0566463B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9204636 1992-04-15
FR9204636A FR2690189B1 (en) 1992-04-15 1992-04-15 IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES USING FAT-LINED SHEETS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION METHODS.

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EP0566463A1 EP0566463A1 (en) 1993-10-20
EP0566463B1 true EP0566463B1 (en) 1998-05-27

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EP93400941A Expired - Lifetime EP0566463B1 (en) 1992-04-15 1993-04-09 Improvements to prestressed concrete structures by using greased and sheated strands

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EP (1) EP0566463B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE166690T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69318754T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2115736T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2690189B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2308680A1 (en) 2009-09-28 2011-04-13 Hubertus Dettke Electrostatic printing aid
DE202014001408U1 (en) 2014-02-13 2014-02-25 Eltex Elektrostatik Gmbh Electrostatic printing aid for a rotary printing device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2783266B1 (en) 1998-09-16 2000-12-15 Spie Precontrainte REPLACEABLE ANCHORING MEMBER, MIXED PROTECTION DEVICE, REPLACEABLE EXTERNAL PRESSURE SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE
KR20180026394A (en) 2015-07-01 2018-03-12 파우에스엘 인터나치오날 아게 Anchorage Assembly, Concrete Structure with Anchorage Assembly, and Method of Manufacturing Concrete Structure

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB105927A (en) * 1916-04-26 1918-01-31 Emilio Luling Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Beams or Girders.
FR2194212A5 (en) * 1972-07-27 1974-02-22 Uti
US4442646A (en) * 1980-10-28 1984-04-17 Ponteggi Est S.P.A. Device for anchoring tensioning elements
GB8314417D0 (en) * 1983-05-25 1983-06-29 Psc Freyssinet Ltd Tendons for concrete structures
FR2579236B1 (en) * 1985-03-19 1987-07-17 Elf France PREFABRICATED PRE-STRESS CABLE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
EP0198398B1 (en) * 1985-04-08 1990-08-01 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Prestressing steel material
DE3838069C2 (en) * 1988-11-10 1995-12-14 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Transportable reinforcement unit that can be concreted in for prestressing reinforced concrete structures

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2308680A1 (en) 2009-09-28 2011-04-13 Hubertus Dettke Electrostatic printing aid
DE202009013196U1 (en) 2009-09-28 2011-04-28 Dettke, Christa Electrostatic printing aid
DE202014001408U1 (en) 2014-02-13 2014-02-25 Eltex Elektrostatik Gmbh Electrostatic printing aid for a rotary printing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69318754T2 (en) 1998-11-12
FR2690189A1 (en) 1993-10-22
ATE166690T1 (en) 1998-06-15
FR2690189B1 (en) 1998-11-13
EP0566463A1 (en) 1993-10-20
DE69318754D1 (en) 1998-07-02
ES2115736T3 (en) 1998-07-01

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