EP0566463A1 - Improvements to prestressed concrete structures by using greased and sheated strands - Google Patents

Improvements to prestressed concrete structures by using greased and sheated strands Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0566463A1
EP0566463A1 EP93400941A EP93400941A EP0566463A1 EP 0566463 A1 EP0566463 A1 EP 0566463A1 EP 93400941 A EP93400941 A EP 93400941A EP 93400941 A EP93400941 A EP 93400941A EP 0566463 A1 EP0566463 A1 EP 0566463A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
strands
formwork
mass
greased
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Granted
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EP93400941A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0566463B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Nieto
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
    • B28B23/046—Post treatment to obtain pre-stressed articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to prestressed concrete structures implementing the post-tensioning of a plurality of strands of the so-called "greased sheathed" type or the like.
  • each of these strands 4 is constituted by a cable or bundle of metallic wires 5 disposed in a sheath 6, generally made of high density polyethylene, with the interposition of a lubricant such as a grease 7 making possible the relative sliding of the cable in its sheath.
  • a lubricant such as a grease 7
  • Each end of the tube 3 is connected, by means of a tubular connection 8, to a trumpet 9 -which will be designated in the following by the term "tromplaque" usually used by technicians-, which opens out of the formwork through an appropriate opening 10 thereof, the periphery of the trochot plate being fixed to the edge of said hole in a manner sealed to concrete during its casting, in particular using threaded rod nut systems 11.
  • the said formwork After pouring the concrete into the formwork, then taking this concrete, the said formwork is released, and the strands 4 are placed in the hollow housing, in particular in a disordered manner.
  • each hole 10 is closed using a stuffing box cover 12 drilled so as to receive in a classified and sealed manner the sheathed ends of the different sections 4 put in place.
  • FIG. 1 shows the formwork 1 and the stuffing box cover 12. But in reality their respective positions are generally successive and not simultaneous, the formwork not being able to be drilled at right of the tromplaque 9, and the cover 12 can be fixed on this tromplaque by the same systems 11 as the formwork, after release of the latter].
  • the fine grout 13 forms a solid mass in which the strands 4 are intimately embedded except for their ends, which reinforces the protection, of the metal cables 5, already due to the presence of the sheaths 6 which surround them, while making possible the subsequent relative longitudinal sliding of these cables in their sheaths, sliding which occur during the subsequent tensioning of said cables.
  • the gland covers 12 are released and the cables are tensioned by applying tensile forces to the ends, of the strands 4, which protrude out of the one-piece block formed by the masses hardened concrete 2 and grout 13.
  • the second phase is for example carried out in the manner which will be described in more detail below in the context of the description of a complete embodiment of the present invention: Indeed, with regard to this second phase, the present invention does not differ from the prior art considered here.
  • the invention provides a solution which makes it possible to eliminate these various elements and even, in addition, in certain cases, the trochot 9 itself.
  • the prestressed concrete structures according to the invention also comprise a plurality of greased sheathed strands intimately embedded in a hardened mass over their entire length, with the exception of their stripped ends, which protrude out of this mass in positions slightly spaced transversely from each other, and they are essentially characterized in that said mass is exclusively constituted by the hardened concrete constituting the main part of the work.
  • the invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly discussed below.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of these drawings have already been mentioned previously with reference to the prior art.
  • FIG. 3, of said drawings schematically illustrates the first phase of a method of building a prestressed structure according to the invention.
  • FIGS 4, 5, 6 and 7 schematically show the four steps making up the second phase of this process.
  • Figure 8 shows a variant of Figure 3.
  • strands 4 in question are put directly into place inside the formwork 1, in particular by orienting them along parallel sheets with the interposition of metal bars 14 of spacing and of support themselves supported by the formwork.
  • This plate 16 can be fixed in any desirable manner to the ring 15 and / or to the formwork 1, for example using the systems 11 themselves or using legs, bent or not, fixed on the formwork using said systems.
  • the lights 17 are suitable for receiving the ends of the strands 4 with a small play visible at j which is compatible with a seal of the bushings considered with respect to the poured concrete.
  • the concrete during casting is advantageously subjected to vibrations, in particular by subjecting the formwork itself 1 to vibrations or, if this is not possible, by transferring to the concrete the vibrations applied to needles. introduced into it.
  • each strand can be carried out similarly at its two ends or, more simply, it is carried out at only one end of the strand in question, its other end being simply anchored.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

A structure made of concrete which is prestressed by using a plurality of greased and sheathed strands (4) intimately embedded in a set mass over their entire length, except for their exposed ends which project out from this mass at positions which are slightly spaced apart transversely with respect to one another, the said mass consisting exclusively of the set concrete (2) constituting the essential part of the structure. The construction of this structure involves passing a perforated plate (16) over the said ends, this plate ensuring leakproofness only in respect of the cast concrete. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative aux ouvrages en béton précontraint mettant en oeuvre la post-tension d'une pluralité de torons du type dit "gainé graissé" ou analogues.The invention relates to prestressed concrete structures implementing the post-tensioning of a plurality of strands of the so-called "greased sheathed" type or the like.

Elle vise également les procédés de construction de ces ouvrages.It also covers the construction methods of these structures.

Dans des modes de réalisation connus de ces derniers, décrits ici en référence au schéma général de la figure 1, on place à l'intérieur du coffrage 1 destiné à recevoir le béton 2 constitutif de l'ouvrage, avant coulée de ce béton, au moins un tube 3 en matière plastique destiné à recevoir les torons gainés graissés 4.In known embodiments of the latter, described here with reference to the general diagram of FIG. 1, there is placed inside the formwork 1 intended to receive the concrete 2 constituting the structure, before casting of this concrete, at at least one plastic tube 3 intended to receive the greased sheathed strands 4.

Comme visible sur la coupe transversale de la figure 2, chacun de ces torons 4 est constitué par un câble ou faisceau de fils métalliques 5 disposé dans une gaine 6, généralement en polyéthylène haute densité, avec interposition d'un lubrifiant tel qu'une graisse 7 rendant possibles les glissements relatifs du câble dans sa gaine.As visible in the cross section of FIG. 2, each of these strands 4 is constituted by a cable or bundle of metallic wires 5 disposed in a sheath 6, generally made of high density polyethylene, with the interposition of a lubricant such as a grease 7 making possible the relative sliding of the cable in its sheath.

Chaque extrémité du tube 3 est raccordée, par l'intermédiaire d'un raccord tubulaire 8, à une trompette 9 -qui sera désignée dans la suite par le terme "tromplaque" habituellement utilisé par les techniciens-, laquelle débouche à l'extérieur du coffrage à travers une ouverture appropriée 10 de celui-ci, le pourtour de la tromplaque étant fixé sur le bord dudit trou d'une manière étanche au béton lors de sa coulée, notamment à l'aide de systèmes écrous-tiges filetées 11.Each end of the tube 3 is connected, by means of a tubular connection 8, to a trumpet 9 -which will be designated in the following by the term "tromplaque" usually used by technicians-, which opens out of the formwork through an appropriate opening 10 thereof, the periphery of the trochot plate being fixed to the edge of said hole in a manner sealed to concrete during its casting, in particular using threaded rod nut systems 11.

On procède alors à la coulée du béton dans le coffrage en prenant bien soin qu'aucune portion, du béton coulé, ne pénètre à l'intérieur du logement creux délimité extérieurement par le tube 3 prolongé par la tromplaque 9.Concrete is then poured into the formwork, taking care that no portion of the poured concrete penetrates inside the hollow housing delimited on the outside by the tube 3 extended by the tromplaque 9.

Après coulée du béton dans le coffrage, puis prise de ce béton, on dégage ledit coffrage, et on met en place les torons 4 dans le logement creux, notamment d'une manière désordonnée.After pouring the concrete into the formwork, then taking this concrete, the said formwork is released, and the strands 4 are placed in the hollow housing, in particular in a disordered manner.

Après quoi, on obture chaque trou 10 à l'aide d'un capot presse-étoupe 12 percé de façon à recevoir d'une manière classée et étanche les extrémités gainées des différents tronçons 4 mis en place.After which, each hole 10 is closed using a stuffing box cover 12 drilled so as to receive in a classified and sealed manner the sheathed ends of the different sections 4 put in place.

[Pour éviter la multiplication des dessins, on a représenté sur la figure 1 le coffrage 1 et le capot presse-étoupe 12. Mais en réalité leurs mises en place respectives sont en général successives et non simultanées, le coffrage pouvant ne pas être percé au droit de la tromplaque 9, et le capot 12 pouvant être fixé sur cette tromplaque par les mêmes systèmes 11 que le coffrage, après dégagement de ce dernier].[To avoid the multiplication of drawings, FIG. 1 shows the formwork 1 and the stuffing box cover 12. But in reality their respective positions are generally successive and not simultaneous, the formwork not being able to be drilled at right of the tromplaque 9, and the cover 12 can be fixed on this tromplaque by the same systems 11 as the formwork, after release of the latter].

On injecte alors à l'intérieur de l'ensemble tube- tromplaque, de manière à remplir l'espace compris à l'intérieur de cet ensemble autour des tronçons 4, un coulis 13 suffisamment fin et fluide pour pouvoir progresser tout le long du tube et enrober la totalité des faces extérieures des différents torons 4.Then injected inside the tube-tracheal assembly, so as to fill the space included inside this assembly around the sections 4, a grout 13 sufficiently thin and fluid to be able to progress all along the tube and coat all of the outer faces of the different strands 4.

Cette injection a été schématisée sur la figure 1 par la flèche F.This injection has been shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 by the arrow F.

La traversée du capot presse-étoupe 12 par chaque extrémité gainée de toron 4 doit être effectuée de manière étanche audit coulis 13.The bushing of the stuffing box cover 12 by each sheathed end of strand 4 must be made in a sealed manner to said grout 13.

Après sa prise ou durcissement, le coulis fin 13 forme une masse solide dans laquelle sont intimement noyés les torons 4 à l'exception de leurs extrémités, ce qui renforce la protection, des câbles métalliques 5, déjà due à la présence des gaines 6 qui les entourent, tout en rendant possibles les coulissements longitudinaux relatifs ultérieurs de ces câbles dans leurs gaines, coulissements qui interviennent lors de la mise sous tension ultérieure desdits câbles.After setting or hardening, the fine grout 13 forms a solid mass in which the strands 4 are intimately embedded except for their ends, which reinforces the protection, of the metal cables 5, already due to the presence of the sheaths 6 which surround them, while making possible the subsequent relative longitudinal sliding of these cables in their sheaths, sliding which occur during the subsequent tensioning of said cables.

Après ledit durcissement du coulis fin 13, on dégage les capots presse-étoupe 12 et on effectue la mise sous tension des câbles en appliquant des efforts de traction sur les extrémités, des torons 4, qui font saillie hors du massif monobloc constitué par les masses durcies de béton 2 et de coulis 13.After said hardening of the fine grout 13, the gland covers 12 are released and the cables are tensioned by applying tensile forces to the ends, of the strands 4, which protrude out of the one-piece block formed by the masses hardened concrete 2 and grout 13.

Pour clarifier la description, on désignera ici par les expressions "première phase" et "seconde phase" du procédé de construction de l'ouvrage, respectivement :

  • - la suite des étapes qui viennent d'être décrites et qui s'achèvent par le décoffrage du bloc durci dans lequel sont noyés les torons gainés graissés à l'exception de leurs extrémités sortantes,
  • - et la suite des étapes ultérieures comprenant la mise sous tension des torons et la protection finale des extrémités des torons tendus.
To clarify the description, here we will designate by the expressions "first phase" and "second phase" of the construction process of the structure, respectively:
  • - the continuation of the stages which have just been described and which are completed by the formwork of the hardened block in which the greased sheathed strands are embedded with the exception of their outgoing ends,
  • - And the continuation of the following stages including the tensioning of the strands and the final protection of the ends of the stretched strands.

Pour le procédé de l'art antérieur décrit ci-dessus, la seconde phase est par exemple effectuée de la manière qui sera décrite plus en détail plus loin dans le cadre de la description d'un mode de réalisation complet de la présente invention : en effet, pour ce qui est de cette seconde phase, la présente invention ne diffère pas de l'art antérieur ici considéré.For the prior art method described above, the second phase is for example carried out in the manner which will be described in more detail below in the context of the description of a complete embodiment of the present invention: Indeed, with regard to this second phase, the present invention does not differ from the prior art considered here.

Pour ce qui est de la première phase décrite ci-dessus du procédé selon l'art antérieur, il est à noter qu'elle fait intervenir, entre autres, un relativement gros tube 3, un capot presse-étoupe 12 relativement coûteux qui doit faire l'objet d'une traversée étanche, vis-à-vis du coulis, par les extrémités des torons 4, et un coulis fin 13 qui doit faire l'objet d'une injection spéciale.As regards the first phase described above of the method according to the prior art, it should be noted that it involves, among other things, a relatively large tube 3, a relatively expensive stuffing box cover 12 which must be the subject of a sealed passage, vis-à-vis the grout, by the ends of the strands 4, and a fine grout 13 which must be the subject of a special injection.

L'invention propose une solution qui permet de supprimer ces différents éléments et même en outre, dans certains cas, la tromplaque 9 elle-même.The invention provides a solution which makes it possible to eliminate these various elements and even, in addition, in certain cases, the trochot 9 itself.

A cet effet, les ouvrages en béton précontraint selon l'invention comprennent encore une pluralité de torons gainés graissés intimement noyés dans une masse durcie sur toute leur longueur, à l'exception de leurs extrémités dénudées, qui font saillie hors de cette masse en des positions légèrement écartées transversalement les unes des autres, et ils sont essentiellement caractérisés en ce que ladite masse est exclusivement constituée par le béton durci constitutif de l'essentiel de l'ouvrage.To this end, the prestressed concrete structures according to the invention also comprise a plurality of greased sheathed strands intimately embedded in a hardened mass over their entire length, with the exception of their stripped ends, which protrude out of this mass in positions slightly spaced transversely from each other, and they are essentially characterized in that said mass is exclusively constituted by the hardened concrete constituting the main part of the work.

Pour ce qui est de la première phase des procédés de construction des ouvrages en béton précontraint du genre en question, on a recours à la suite des étapes suivantes :

  • - on place directement dans le coffrage destiné à recevoir le béton constitutif de l'ouvrage les torons gainés graissés destinés à précontraindre cet ouvrage, en des positions parallèles ou sensiblement telles et légèrement écartées les unes des autres,
  • - on fait traverser par l'une des extrémités desdits torons une ouverture évidée dans le coffrage, un anneau d'appui appliqué contre le bord de cette ouverture, du côté de l'intérieur du coffrage, et une plaque perforée d'écartement et de classement, la traversée des perforations de la plaque par les torons étant seulement étanche vis-à-vis du béton coulé,
  • - on coule dans le coffrage le béton de façon telle que ce béton enrobe jointivement la totalité des faces extérieures des torons disposées à l'intérieur du coffrage,
  • - et on dégage le coffrage et éventuellement la plaque perforée après durcissement dudit béton.
As for the first phase of the construction processes of prestressed concrete structures of the kind in question, the following steps are used:
  • the greased sheathed strands intended to prestress this structure are placed directly in the formwork intended to receive the concrete constituting the structure, in positions which are parallel or substantially such and slightly spaced from one another,
  • - One passes through one of the ends of said strands an opening recessed in the formwork, a support ring applied against the edge of this opening, on the side of the interior of the formwork, and a perforated spacer plate and classification, the crossing of the perforations of the plate by the strands being only watertight with respect to the poured concrete,
  • the concrete is poured into the formwork in such a way that this concrete cohesively coats all of the external faces of the strands arranged inside the formwork,
  • - And the formwork and possibly the perforated plate are released after hardening of said concrete.

Dans des modes de réalisation avantageux, on a recours en outre à l'une et ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • - la mise en place des torons dans le coffrage, en des positions légèrement écartées les unes des autres, est assurée à l'aide de barres transversales de support et d'écartement,
  • - l'anneau d'appui constitue la base élargie d'une tromplaque entourant l'ensemble des torons et elle-même remplie de béton lors de la coulée de celui-ci dans le coffrage,
  • - lors de la coulée du béton dans le coffrage, la pénétration de ce béton entre les différents torons est favorisée par des vibrations.
In advantageous embodiments, recourse is also had to one or the other of the following arrangements:
  • - the strands are placed in the formwork, in positions slightly spaced from each other, is ensured using transverse support and spacing bars,
  • the support ring constitutes the enlarged base of a trochus surrounding all of the strands and itself filled with concrete when it is poured into the formwork,
  • - When pouring concrete into the formwork, the penetration of this concrete between the different strands is favored by vibrations.

L'invention comprend, mises à part ces dispositions principales, certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après.The invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly discussed below.

Dans ce qui suit, l'on va décrire des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention en se référant aux figures 3 à 8 des dessins ci-annexés d'une manière bien entendu non limitative.In what follows, we will describe preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to Figures 3 to 8 of the accompanying drawings of course in a non-limiting manner.

On rappelle que les figures 1 et 2, de ces dessins, ont déjà été évoqués précédemment en référence à l'art antérieur.It will be recalled that FIGS. 1 and 2 of these drawings have already been mentioned previously with reference to the prior art.

La figure 3, desdits dessins, illustre schématiquement la première phase d'un procédé de construction d'ouvrage précontraint selon l'invention.FIG. 3, of said drawings, schematically illustrates the first phase of a method of building a prestressed structure according to the invention.

Les figures 4, 5, 6 et 7 montrent schématiquement les quatre étapes composant la seconde phase de ce procédé.Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 schematically show the four steps making up the second phase of this process.

Enfin, la figure 8 montre une variante de la figure 3.Finally, Figure 8 shows a variant of Figure 3.

Comme dans le procédé selon l'art antérieur décrit ci-dessus, il s'agit ici de construire un ouvrage en béton précontraint à l'aide d'une pluralité de torons 4 du type gainé graissé représenté sur la figure 2.As in the process according to the prior art described above, it is a question here of building a prestressed concrete structure using a plurality of strands 4 of the greased sheathed type shown in FIG. 2.

On met ici directement en place les torons 4 en question à l'intérieur du coffrage 1, notamment en les orientant selon des nappes parallèles avec interposition de barres métalliques 14 d'écartement et de support elles-mêmes supportées par le coffrage.Here the strands 4 in question are put directly into place inside the formwork 1, in particular by orienting them along parallel sheets with the interposition of metal bars 14 of spacing and of support themselves supported by the formwork.

On fait traverser par une extrémité de chaque toron 4 :

  • - une ouverture 10 évidée dans le coffrage 1,
  • - un anneau d'appui 15 appliqué contre la face, du bord de l'ouverture 10, orientée vers l'intérieur du coffrage 1, ledit anneau étant fixé de façon amovible sur le coffrage 1, notamment à l'aide de systèmes écrous-tiges filetées 11, et une plaque 16 placée dans l'ouverture 10 et perforée elle-même par des lumières 17.
We pass through one end of each strand 4:
  • an opening 10 hollowed out in the formwork 1,
  • a support ring 15 applied against the face, of the edge of the opening 10, oriented towards the inside of the formwork 1, said ring being detachably fixed on the formwork 1, in particular using nut systems. threaded rods 11, and a plate 16 placed in the opening 10 and perforated itself by lights 17.

Cette plaque 16 peut être fixée de toute manière désirable sur l'anneau 15 et/ou sur le coffrage 1, par exemple à l'aide des systèmes 11 eux-mêmes ou à l'aide de pattes, coudées ou non, fixées sur le coffrage à l'aide desdits systèmes.This plate 16 can be fixed in any desirable manner to the ring 15 and / or to the formwork 1, for example using the systems 11 themselves or using legs, bent or not, fixed on the formwork using said systems.

Les lumières 17 sont propres à recevoir les extrémités des torons 4 avec un petit jeu visible en j qui est compatible avec une étanchéité des traversées considérées vis-à-vis du béton coulé.The lights 17 are suitable for receiving the ends of the strands 4 with a small play visible at j which is compatible with a seal of the bushings considered with respect to the poured concrete.

Il est à noter que cette étanchéité vis-à-vis du béton coulé est beaucoup moins rigoureuse que l'étanchéité vis-à-vis du coulis fin selon l'art antérieur, du fait que les composants du béton sont beaucoup plus grossiers que ceux du coulis : il est donc inutile de prévoir ici des presse-étoupe ou organes d'étanchéité analogues.It should be noted that this seal vis-à-vis the poured concrete is much less rigorous than the seal vis-à-vis the fine grout according to the prior art, because the components of the concrete are much coarser than those grout: it is therefore unnecessary to provide cable glands or similar sealing members here.

Puis on coule le béton 2 dans le coffrage 1, opération qui est schématisée par la flèche G.Then concrete 2 is poured into the formwork 1, an operation which is shown diagrammatically by the arrow G.

Lors de cette coulée, on s'assure que le béton pénètre bien entre les différents torons 4 de façon à enrober extérieurement la totalité des faces extérieures des portions, de ces torons 4, disposées à l'intérieur du coffrage 1.During this pouring, it is ensured that the concrete penetrates well between the different strands 4 so as to externally coat all of the external faces of the portions, of these strands 4, arranged inside the formwork 1.

Pour otenir ce résultat, on soumet avantageusement le béton en cours de coulée à des vibrations, notamment en soumettant le coffrage lui-même 1 à des vibrations ou, si cela n'est pas possible, en transférant au béton les vibrations appliquées sur des aiguilles introduites dans celui-ci.To achieve this result, the concrete during casting is advantageously subjected to vibrations, in particular by subjecting the formwork itself 1 to vibrations or, if this is not possible, by transferring to the concrete the vibrations applied to needles. introduced into it.

Après prise ou durcissement du béton 2, on dégage le coffrage 1 et la plaque perforée 16.After setting or hardening of the concrete 2, the formwork 1 and the perforated plate 16 are released.

On dispose alors d'un bloc durci sur une face duquel font saillie des extrémités gainées de torons 4, ainsi que visible sur la figure 4.There is then a hardened block on one face of which protrude ends sheathed with strands 4, as can be seen in FIG. 4.

Le bloc ainsi équipé de torons est tout à fait comparable à celui, décrit ci-dessus, tel qu'obtenu à la fin de la "première phase" du procédé de construction selon l'art antérieur.The block thus equipped with strands is quite comparable to that described above, as obtained at the end of the "first phase" of the construction process according to the prior art.

Mais il existe des différences importantes entre les deux blocs puisque :

  • - d'une part, le second bloc ne comprend plus le tube 3 et le raccord 8 qui étaient incorporés dans le premier, ni la tromplaque 9 qui est ici remplacée par l'anneau 15,
  • - d'autre part, le bloc durci, qui était composé d'une masse 2 de béton et d'une masse 13 de coulis fin dans le premier cas est, dans le second cas, exclusivement constitué par du béton 2.
But there are important differences between the two blocks since:
  • - on the one hand, the second block no longer comprises the tube 3 and the connector 8 which were incorporated in the first, nor the trochot 9 which is here replaced by the ring 15,
  • - on the other hand, the hardened block, which was composed of a mass 2 of concrete and a mass 13 of fine grout in the first case is, in the second case, exclusively constituted by concrete 2.

C'est donc, dans le second cas, le béton 2 et non plus le coulis 13 qui a pour mission d'enrober aux fins de protection les gaines des torons 4.It is therefore, in the second case, the concrete 2 and no longer the grout 13 which has the task of coating for the purpose of protection the sheaths of the strands 4.

L'expérience a montré que, contrairement à ce que l'homme de l'art pouvait attendre, bien que la granulométrie du béton soit beaucoup moins fine que celle du coulis, ladite mission est parfaitement remplie par ledit béton.Experience has shown that, contrary to what one skilled in the art could expect, although the particle size of the concrete is much less fine than that of the grout, said mission is perfectly fulfilled by said concrete.

Il résulte de ces deux observations, que le procédé qui vient d'être décrit, aboutissant au même résultat que le procédé selon l'art antérieur, est beaucoup plus économique que celui-ci.It follows from these two observations, that the process which has just been described, leading to the same result as the process according to the prior art, is much more economical than the latter.

L'observation faite antérieurement sur l'utilisation d'une plaque perforée 16 traversée avec jeu par les extrémités des torons à la place de l'utilisation d'un capot presse-étoupe 12 traversé par lesdites extrémités d'une façon étanche aux coulis renforce encore l'avantage économique du nouveau procédé décrit par rapport au précédent.The observation made previously on the use of a perforated plate 16 crossed with clearance by the ends of the strands instead of the use of a cable gland cover 12 crossed by said ends in a grout tight manner reinforces still the economic advantage of the new process described compared to the previous one.

Pour ce qui est de la "seconde phase" du procédé de construction ici considéré d'un ouvrage en béton précontraint, on lui fait comprendre avantageusement, d'une façon connue en soi, les étapes suivantes:

  • - on dégarnit de sa gaine 6 chaque extrémité de toron 4 faisant saillie hors du bloc de béton durci 2, au niveau même de la surface S de ce bloc (figure 5), de sorte qu'il subsiste uniquement hors dudit bloc des tronçons dénudés de câble 5,
  • - on place sur l'anneau 15, avec interposition d'un joint 18 (figure 6) en un mélange amiante- élastomère ou autre matériau souple imputrescible, un bloc d'ancrage 19 percé de part en part de façon à être traversé par les tronçons 5 et équipé de mors d'ancrage tronconiques fendus 20 entourant ces tronçons,
  • - à l'aide de vérins appropriés (non représentés), on exerce les tractions désirées sur les extrémités, des tronçons 5, faisant saillie en dehors des mors 20, tractions qui sont ensuite conservées dans les câbles, grâce au serrage desdits mors, et transmises au bloc durci 2 par l'intermédiaire du bloc d'ancrage 19 et de l'anneau d'appui 15,
  • - et l'on recouvre l'ensemble du bloc d'ancrage 19 et des éléments qu'il porte par un capot 21 (figure 7) rempli d'un produit de protection 22 tel qu'une graisse.
As regards the "second phase" of the construction process considered here of a prestressed concrete structure, it is advantageously made to understand, in a manner known per se, the following stages:
  • - each sheath 4 is stripped of its sheath 6 protruding from the hardened concrete block 2, at the same level as the surface S of this block (FIG. 5), so that only stripped sections remain outside of said block cable 5,
  • - Is placed on the ring 15, with the interposition of a seal 18 (Figure 6) in an asbestos-elastomer mixture or other flexible rot-proof material, an anchor block 19 drilled right through so as to be crossed by the sections 5 and equipped with split frustoconical anchoring jaws 20 surrounding these sections,
  • - using appropriate jacks (not shown), the desired pulls are exerted on the ends, sections 5, protruding outside the jaws 20, pulls which are then kept in the cables, by tightening said jaws, and transmitted to the hardened block 2 via the anchoring block 19 and the support ring 15,
  • - And the whole of the anchor block 19 and of the elements which it carries is covered by a cover 21 (FIG. 7) filled with a protective product 22 such as a grease.

Bien entendu, et d'une façon connue en soi, la mise en tension de chaque toron peut être effectuée semblablement à ses deux extrémités ou, plus simplement, elle est effectuée à une extrémité seulement du toron considéré, son autre extrémité étant simplement ancrée.Of course, and in a manner known per se, the tensioning of each strand can be carried out similarly at its two ends or, more simply, it is carried out at only one end of the strand in question, its other end being simply anchored.

En suite de quoi, et quel que soit le mode de réalisation adopté, on obtient un ouvrage en béton précontraint à l'aide d'une pluralité de torons du type gainé graissé, ouvrage dont la constitution et la construction résultent suffisamment de ce qui précède, et qui présente entre autres sur ceux du même genre antérieurement connus l'avantage d'un prix de revient très inférieur pour des performances tout à fait identiques.As a result of this, and whatever the embodiment adopted, a prestressed concrete structure is obtained using a plurality of strands of the greased sheathed type, structure whose construction and construction result sufficiently from the above , and which has among other things over those of the same kind previously known the advantage of a very lower cost price for completely identical performance.

Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'application et de réalisation qui ont été plus spécialement envisagés ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes.As is obvious, and as already follows from the foregoing, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiments which have been more especially envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces all its variants.

C'est ainsi que l'anneau d'appui 15 pourrait être remplacé par une tromplaque 9 (figure 8) tout à fait comparable à celles utilisées selon l'art antérieur, tromplaque comportant en particulier :

  • - une collerette ou renflement extérieur intermédiaire 24 permettant d'améliorer la répartition de la pression axiale de précontrainte dans le béton durci 2,
  • - et un évent supérieur 25 propre à faire communiquer l'intérieur de la tromplaque avec un trou 26 évidé dans le coffrage 1 de façon à faciliter le remplissage de cette tromplaque parle béton 2 lors de la coulée de ce dernier.
This is how the support ring 15 could be replaced by a trachelate 9 (FIG. 8) quite comparable to those used according to the prior art, trachelate comprising in particular:
  • a collar or intermediate external bulge 24 making it possible to improve the distribution of the axial prestressing pressure in the hardened concrete 2,
  • - And an upper vent 25 suitable for communicating the interior of the tromplaque with a hole 26 hollowed out in the formwork 1 so as to facilitate the filling of this tromplaque by concrete 2 during the pouring of the latter.

A cet égard, il est à noter qu'il est tout à fait inusité de trouver du béton à l'intérieur d'une tromplaque : avant la présente invention, seul un coulis fin était autorisé à pénétrer à l'intérieur de cette pièce et l'on prenait au contraire des précautions pour interdire toute introduction de béton à l'intérieur de celle-ci.In this regard, it should be noted that it is quite unusual to find concrete inside a trochot: before the present invention, only a fine grout was allowed to penetrate inside this room and on the contrary, precautions were taken to prohibit any introduction of concrete inside it.

On pourrait également remplacer la plaque perforée 16 par une portion du coffrage 1, les trous 17 destinés à recevoir les extrémités des torons 4 pouvant alors être directement évidés dans ledit coffrage, constitué par exemple en bois.One could also replace the perforated plate 16 by a portion of the formwork 1, the holes 17 intended to receive the ends of the strands 4 can then be directly hollowed out in said formwork, made for example of wood.

Claims (5)

1. Ouvrage en béton précontraint à l'aide d'une pluralité de torons gainés graissés (4) intimement noyés dans une masse durcie sur toute leur longueur, à l'exception de leurs extrémités dénudées, qui font saillie hors de cette masse en des positions légèrement écartées transversalement les unes des autres, caractérisé en ce que ladite masse est exclusivement constituée par le béton durci (2) constitutif de l'essentiel de l'ouvrage.1. Prestressed concrete structure using a plurality of greased sheathed strands (4) intimately embedded in a hardened mass over their entire length, with the exception of their bare ends, which protrude out of this mass in positions slightly spaced transversely from each other, characterized in that said mass consists exclusively of concrete hardened (2) constituting the main part of the work. 2. Procédé de construction d'un ouvrage en béton précontraint selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on a recours à la suite des étapes suivantes : - on place directement dans le coffrage (1) destiné à recevoir le béton (2) constitutif de l'ouvrage les torons gainés graissés (4) destinés à précontraindre cet ouvrage, en des positions parallèles ou sensiblement telles et légèrement écartées les unes des autres, - on fait traverser par l'une des extrémités desdits torons une ouverture (10) évidée dans le coffrage, un anneau d'appui (15) appliqué contre le bord de cette ouverture, du côté de l'intérieur du coffrage, et une plaque perforée (16) d'écartement et de classement, la traversée des perforations (17) de la plaque par les torons étant seulement étanche vis-à-vis du béton coulé, - on coule dans le coffrage le béton de façon telle que ce béton enrobe jointivement la totalité des faces extérieures des torons disposées à l'intérieur du coffrage, - et on dégage le coffrage et éventuellement la plaque perforée après durcissement dudit béton, après quoi on met sous tension les différents torons et on protège leurs extrémités en saillie. 2. Method for constructing a prestressed concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the following steps are used: - Is placed directly in the formwork (1) intended to receive the concrete (2) constituting the structure the greased sheathed strands (4) intended to prestress this structure, in parallel or substantially such positions and slightly spaced from each other , - One passes through one end of said strands an opening (10) recessed in the formwork, a support ring (15) applied against the edge of this opening, on the side of the interior of the formwork, and a plate perforated (16) of spacing and classification, the crossing of the perforations (17) of the plate by the strands being only leaktight with respect to the poured concrete, the concrete is poured into the formwork in such a way that this concrete cohesively coats all of the external faces of the strands arranged inside the formwork, - And the formwork and possibly the perforated plate are released after hardening of said concrete, after which the various strands are tensioned and their projecting ends are protected. 3. Procédé de construction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la mise en place des torons (4) dans le coffrage (1), en des positions légèrement écartées les unes des autres, est assurée à l'aide de barres transversales (14) de support et d'écartement.3. Construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that the positioning of the strands (4) in the formwork (1), in positions slightly spaced from each other, is ensured using transverse bars ( 14) support and spacing. 4. Procédé de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau d'appui constitue la base élargie d'une tromplaque (9) entourant l'ensemble des torons (4) et elle-même remplie de béton (2) lors de la coulée de celui-ci dans le coffrage.4. Construction method according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the support ring constitutes the enlarged base of a trochot (9) surrounding the set of strands (4) and itself filled with concrete (2) when it is poured into the formwork. 5. Procédé de construction selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que lors de la coulée du béton (2) dans le coffrage (1), la pénétration de ce béton entre les différents torons (4) est favorisée par des vibrations.5. Construction method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the pouring of the concrete (2) into the formwork (1), the penetration of this concrete between the different strands (4) is favored by vibrations.
EP93400941A 1992-04-15 1993-04-09 Improvements to prestressed concrete structures by using greased and sheated strands Expired - Lifetime EP0566463B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9204636A FR2690189B1 (en) 1992-04-15 1992-04-15 IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES USING FAT-LINED SHEETS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION METHODS.
FR9204636 1992-04-15

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EP0566463A1 true EP0566463A1 (en) 1993-10-20
EP0566463B1 EP0566463B1 (en) 1998-05-27

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EP (1) EP0566463B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE166690T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69318754T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2115736T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2690189B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017002069A1 (en) 2015-07-01 2017-01-05 Vsl International Ag Anchorage assembly for a structure, concrete structure with such an assembly, and manufacturing method of such a concrete structure

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2783266B1 (en) 1998-09-16 2000-12-15 Spie Precontrainte REPLACEABLE ANCHORING MEMBER, MIXED PROTECTION DEVICE, REPLACEABLE EXTERNAL PRESSURE SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE
DE202009013196U1 (en) 2009-09-28 2011-04-28 Dettke, Christa Electrostatic printing aid
DE202014001408U1 (en) 2014-02-13 2014-02-25 Eltex Elektrostatik Gmbh Electrostatic printing aid for a rotary printing device

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GB105927A (en) * 1916-04-26 1918-01-31 Emilio Luling Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Beams or Girders.
FR2194212A5 (en) * 1972-07-27 1974-02-22 Uti
US4442646A (en) * 1980-10-28 1984-04-17 Ponteggi Est S.P.A. Device for anchoring tensioning elements
EP0129976A2 (en) * 1983-05-25 1985-01-02 PSC Freyssinet Limited Improvements in tendons for post-tensioned pre-stressed concrete structures
FR2579236A1 (en) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-26 Elf France Prefabricated prestressing cable and method for its manufacture
EP0198398A2 (en) * 1985-04-08 1986-10-22 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Prestressing steel material
FR2638771A1 (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-11 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE PRE-STRESS REINFORCEMENT UNIT CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT DIRECTLY CONCRETE PRE-STRESS ELEMENTS AND A TERMINAL SIDE ANCHORING SYSTEM

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB105927A (en) * 1916-04-26 1918-01-31 Emilio Luling Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Beams or Girders.
FR2194212A5 (en) * 1972-07-27 1974-02-22 Uti
US4442646A (en) * 1980-10-28 1984-04-17 Ponteggi Est S.P.A. Device for anchoring tensioning elements
EP0129976A2 (en) * 1983-05-25 1985-01-02 PSC Freyssinet Limited Improvements in tendons for post-tensioned pre-stressed concrete structures
FR2579236A1 (en) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-26 Elf France Prefabricated prestressing cable and method for its manufacture
EP0198398A2 (en) * 1985-04-08 1986-10-22 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Prestressing steel material
FR2638771A1 (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-11 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE PRE-STRESS REINFORCEMENT UNIT CONSISTING OF DIFFERENT DIRECTLY CONCRETE PRE-STRESS ELEMENTS AND A TERMINAL SIDE ANCHORING SYSTEM

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017002069A1 (en) 2015-07-01 2017-01-05 Vsl International Ag Anchorage assembly for a structure, concrete structure with such an assembly, and manufacturing method of such a concrete structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0566463B1 (en) 1998-05-27
ATE166690T1 (en) 1998-06-15
FR2690189B1 (en) 1998-11-13
FR2690189A1 (en) 1993-10-22
DE69318754D1 (en) 1998-07-02
DE69318754T2 (en) 1998-11-12
ES2115736T3 (en) 1998-07-01

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