EP0512236B1 - Process for mechanical reclaiming of used foundry sand - Google Patents

Process for mechanical reclaiming of used foundry sand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0512236B1
EP0512236B1 EP92105216A EP92105216A EP0512236B1 EP 0512236 B1 EP0512236 B1 EP 0512236B1 EP 92105216 A EP92105216 A EP 92105216A EP 92105216 A EP92105216 A EP 92105216A EP 0512236 B1 EP0512236 B1 EP 0512236B1
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Prior art keywords
cleaning
foundry sand
sand
process according
container
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EP92105216A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0512236A1 (en
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Volker Dipl.-Ing. Godderidge
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Kgt Giessereitechnik GmbH
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Kgt Giessereitechnik GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/18Plants for preparing mould materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S241/00Solid material comminution or disintegration
    • Y10S241/10Foundry sand treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the mechanical cleaning of foundry sand by means of thermo-mechanical regeneration, the foundry sand being blown pneumatically against a deflection hood.
  • EP-A1 0 343 272 A batch-wise treatment of used sands occurring in foundries is proposed in EP-A1 0 343 272.
  • the sand in a container is treated by friction elements that rotate about an axis and are moved by the batch.
  • the object of the invention is to clean foundry sand thermo-mechanically so that it has a constant quality that comes close to that of new sand.
  • this object is achieved in that the foundry sand is subjected to batches of mechanical-pneumatic cleaning in a separate apparatus before and / or after thermal regeneration.
  • the foundry sand is sucked into the blower tube above a sheet which is arranged at a distance from its bottom and provided with openings (preferably nozzle screws), with an air stream emerging from a blower nozzle at a distance from its vertical blow tube.
  • the old sand accelerated by the air flow passes through the blow pipe to a deflection hood attached above the blow pipe and is flung against its inner surface.
  • the parallel connection of at least two such cleaning containers ensures quasi-continuous operation of a foundry sand cleaning system.
  • the cleaning effect of the foundry sand can be easily regulated by varying the air delivery pressure, changing the distance at the end of the blowpipe and on the deflection hood, as well as adjusting the angle of impact of the foundry sand on the deflection hood and the duration of the cleaning process.
  • the deflection hood attached to the upper part of the container can be fixed by simple mechanical means at different distances from the end of the blowpipe and possibly be pivoted through certain angles. This makes it possible to achieve greater cleaning effects at the beginning of the cleaning process and to achieve a gentler treatment of the grains towards the end of the cycle.
  • hot air can advantageously be used to convey and fluidize the old sand.
  • the air is advantageously heated using the waste heat from the thermal regeneration. At temperatures of the hot air above 350 ° C, it is possible to dry the inorganic contaminants safely and quickly.
  • the mechanical pre-cleaning of bentonite-bound used sand is made more difficult by the residual moisture that is necessarily present.
  • the still active bentonite absorbs a lot of water and acts like a "lubricant". This reduces the cleaning effect caused by Kornan-Korn friction.
  • the hot conveying and fluidizing air flowing around the old sand on all sides dries and embrittles the bentonite layer adhering to it very quickly, making it easier to remove mechanically.
  • the valve on the container is opened and the now preheated and pre-cleaned old sand is fed to a thermal regeneration stage, such as a fluidized bed oven.
  • a thermal regeneration stage such as a fluidized bed oven.
  • the old sand is then cleaned of the organic binders adhering to it and the "dead burning" of the bentonites which are also still adhering.
  • a similar pneumatic-mechanical cleaning can follow the thermal regeneration stage. It proves to be advantageous to provide a heat exchanger in the interior of the container above the plate provided with holes, which cools the old sand falling from the deflection hood. Of the thermally regenerated used sand reaches the container at a temperature of approx. 650 ° C. The fireclay shells of the quartz grains are softer in this state than after cooling to approx. 50 ° C. This results in a gentler cleaning of the fireclay shells than at comparatively low temperatures, so that less grain destruction can be expected. Due to the cooling to be carried out in the container, the bentonites become brittle and thermal stresses arise, which enables easier separation. The invention is to be explained below using two exemplary embodiments.
  • the foundry sand arrives from a pre-container 1 into the cleaning container 2.
  • An air flow is generated by a fan 6, which flows through the heat exchanger 7 and is heated therein by the heat of the fluidized bed furnace 10.
  • the air heats up in the heat exchanger 7 to values of 400-500 ° C (at least 350 ° C).
  • the now hot air passes through the air duct 3 into the cleaning container 2 and conveys the old sand through the blow pipe 4.
  • the old sand accelerated with the air flow impinges against the deflection hood 5 and impurities adhering to it, particularly inorganic binders, burst off in the process. Due to the very hot medium air, which flows around the old sand on all sides, the bentonite dries very quickly. This embrittles and is therefore easier to remove from the old sand.
  • the old sand falls onto a perforated plate 19 which is attached above the bottom of the cleaning container.
  • nozzle screws preferably cross-drilled hollow screws, through which the air flows into the cleaning container 2 and fluidizes the foundry sand.
  • the foundry sand on the bottom plate 19 of the cleaning container in turn reaches the blow pipe 4 and is sucked into it by means of the air flow.
  • the used sand runs through this cycle until a certain drying and cleaning effect or a certain preheating temperature is reached, in order then to be removed from the cleaning container 2 via the line 17.
  • a shut-off device not shown, which opens or closes the line 17. From the line 17, the pre-cleaned old sand reaches an intermediate container 8 and is fed via a vibration conveyor 9 to a fluidized bed furnace 10, in which the old sand is subjected to thermal regeneration.
  • the residues and valuable substances removed in a cyclone have a high concentration of bentonite and whole carbon, which are immediately returned to the green sand processing.
  • the proportion of undersize quartz in the dust increases, the dust separated in the cyclone is fed to the fluidized bed furnace 10 for combustion of the organic constituents and inerting of the residues.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cleaning tank 2, which is basically of the same design, following a thermal regeneration stage, in the form of a fluidized bed oven 10.
  • the hot used sand passes through an intermediate container 11 into the cleaning container 2, in which there is a heat exchanger 12 for cooling the hot used sand above the plate 19 provided with holes.
  • the pneumatic-mechanical post-cleaning works like the corresponding pre-cleaning.
  • cold air is conveyed into the cleaning container 2 by a fan 14 through the air duct 3. This, in cooperation with the heat exchanger 12, ensures rapid cooling of the old sand, which was hot up to that point.
  • the favorable control options and the possibility of predetermining the cleaning time ensure that a lower proportion of grain destruction occurs.
  • the foundry sand that has been cleaned in this way can at most be returned to the mold or core production, such as new sand.
  • the combination of several operations in one part of the plant ensures economic operation of a foundry sand cleaning plant.
  • the foundry sand can be dried, preheated, pre-cleaned in a pre-cleaning stage and simultaneously cooled, post-cleaned and sifted during the pneumatic-mechanical post-cleaning. This eliminates the need for additional facilities such as Intermediate conveyors that are required for other types of systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the mechanical cleaning of foundry used sand by means of thermomechanical regenerations, in which the sand is blown pneumatically against a deflection hood and the mechanical-pneumatic cleaning is performed batchwise in a separate container. The process can be used both as pre-cleaning and as after-cleaning. In the case of pre-cleaning there is a simultaneous drying, preheating, pre-cleaning and sifting, whereas with after-cleaning there is a simultaneous cooling, after-cleaning and sifting. As a result of the batchwise operation, all the quartz particles are exposed roughly to the same friction treatment and consequently, in conjunction with a simple control of the cleaning process, reduced grain destruction is achieved.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur mechanischen Reinigung von Gießereialtsand mittels thermo-mechanischer Regenerierung, wobei der Gießereialtsand pneumatisch gegen eine Umlenkhaube geblasen wird.The invention relates to a method for the mechanical cleaning of foundry sand by means of thermo-mechanical regeneration, the foundry sand being blown pneumatically against a deflection hood.

Es ist bekannt, bei verfahren zur thermo-mechanischen Regenerierung von Gießereialtsand nach einer thermischen Regenerierungsstufe, etwa im Wirbelschichtofen, eine pneumatisch-mechanische Nachreinigung vorzusehen. Dabei wird der thermisch regenerierte Gießereialtsand in einem der pneumatisch-mechanischen Nachreinigungsstufe zwischengeschalteten Übergabesilo gekühlt und anschließend mittels eines pneumatischen Förderers einem Sichter zugeführt. Der gekühlte Gießereialtsand wird über eine Förderleitung im Sichter gegen eine Prallglocke geblasen, und anschließend erfolgt in diesem eine herkömmliche Sichtung des Gießereialtsandes (DE OS 36 36 479).It is known to provide pneumatic-mechanical post-cleaning in processes for the thermo-mechanical regeneration of foundry sand after a thermal regeneration stage, for example in a fluidized bed furnace. The thermally regenerated foundry sand is cooled in a transfer silo connected to the pneumatic-mechanical post-cleaning stage and then fed to a classifier by means of a pneumatic conveyor. The cooled foundry sand is blown against a baffle bell via a conveying line in the classifier, and then this is followed by a conventional screening of the foundry sand (DE OS 36 36 479).

Mit dieser kontinuierlich arbeitenden Verfahrensweise wird ein nur unwesentlich besserer Reinigungseffekt als bei herkömmlichen Sichtungsverfahren erzielt. Die bekanntermaßen nach einer thermischen Regenerierung am Altsand anhaftenden Verunreinigungen können nur beim einmaligen Aufprall auf die Prallglocke abgesprengt werden. Erfahrungsgemäß reicht jedoch eine einmalige mechanische Stoßbeaufschlagung für Gießereialtsand nicht aus, um alle Verunreinigungen von seiner Oberfläche zu entfernen, so daß der nach diesem Verfahren gereinigte Gießereialtsand nicht die erforderliche Qualität bezüglich Neusand erreicht. Im Sichter ist es nur möglich, die vom Gießereialtsand abgeplatzten Verunreinigungen auszutragen. Die Verunreinigungen, die durch den Aufprall auf die Prallglocke nicht entfernt wurden, bleiben nach wie vor als Totsubstanzen am Gießereialtsand und ver- bzw. behindern seinen Wiedereinsatz als hochqualitativer Kernsand. Dies ist besonders kritisch bei Gießereialtsandgemischen aus Kern- und Grünsand. Die organischen Bindemittel des Kernsandanteiles werden normalerweise mittels einer thermischen Regenerierung zufriedenstellend verbrannt, während der aktive anorganische Bentonit des Grünsandes in eine passive tote Phase überführt wird (Totbrennen). Dieser totgebrannte Bentonit ist äußerst schwierig und meist nur unvollständig von den Quarzkörnern des Gießereialtsandes entfernbar, da er durch die thermische Behandlung auf den Quarzkörnern des Gießereialtsandes aufgesintert ist. Gerade diese aufgesinterten Bentonite bewirken, daß der thermischmechanisch regenerierte Gießereialtsand für die Kernherstellung so gut wie nicht verwendbar ist und der Grünsandformherstellung zugeführt werden kann.This continuously working procedure achieves an only slightly better cleaning effect than with conventional screening processes. The impurities known to be adhering to the old sand after thermal regeneration can only be blasted off on a single impact on the impact bell. Experience has shown, however, that a single mechanical impact for foundry sand is not sufficient to remove all impurities from its surface, so that the foundry sand cleaned by this process does not achieve the required quality with regard to new sand. It is in the classifier only possible to remove the contaminants chipped off from the foundry sand. The impurities that were not removed by the impact on the impact bell remain as dead substances on the foundry sand and prevent or hinder its reuse as high-quality core sand. This is particularly critical for foundry sand mixtures consisting of core and green sand. The organic binders of the core sand fraction are normally burnt satisfactorily by means of thermal regeneration, while the active inorganic bentonite of the green sand is converted into a passive dead phase (dead burning). This burnt bentonite is extremely difficult and usually only incompletely removable from the quartz grains of the foundry sand, since it is sintered onto the quartz grains of the foundry sand due to the thermal treatment. It is precisely these sintered-on bentonites that make the thermo-mechanically regenerated foundry sand practically unusable for core production and can be used for green sand mold production.

Trotz der relativ aufwendigen thermisch-mechanischen Regenerierung verbleibt somit noch ein großer Anteil an Gießereialtsand, der der Form- bzw. Kernherstellung nicht zugeführt werden kann und den bisher üblichen Weg auf eine Deponie gehen muß. Eine weitgehend vollständige Wiederverwendung des Gießereialtsandes für die Form- bzw. Kernherstellung ist nicht möglich.Despite the relatively complex thermal-mechanical regeneration, a large proportion of foundry sand remains, which cannot be supplied to the mold or core production and has to go the usual way to a landfill. A largely complete reuse of the foundry sand for mold or core production is not possible.

Des weiteren ist ein Verfahren zur Regenerierung von Gießereischuttsanden, die Altsandgemische mit organischen und anorganischen Bindemitteln, die aktive und totgebrannte Bentonit und Kunstharze gegebenenfalls weitere Schlämmstoffe enthalten, bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren erfolgt zum einen eine trockene Vorregenerierung, eine anschließende thermische Regenerierung und eine Nachreinigung. Bei der trockenen Vorregenerierung werden die Körner des Gießereialtsandes vorzugsweise horizontal, radial beschleunigt und gegen stillstehende Prallbleche geschleudert. der Gießereialtsand wird während der Vorregenerierung durch im Gegenstrom über ihn strömendes warmes Abgas aus der thermischen Regenerierung getrocknet und vorgewärmt (EP 0 149 595).Furthermore, a process for the regeneration of foundry rubble sands, the old sand mixtures with organic and inorganic binders, the active and still burned bentonite and synthetic resins, optionally containing further sludge materials, is known. This process involves dry pre-regeneration, subsequent thermal regeneration and post-cleaning. With dry pre-regeneration the grains of the foundry sand are preferably accelerated horizontally, radially and hurled against stationary baffle plates. the foundry sand is dried and preheated during the pre-regeneration by hot exhaust gas from the thermal regeneration flowing over it in countercurrent (EP 0 149 595).

Bei dieser Verfahrensweise kommt es durch die mechanische bewegten Teile und den bei der Reinigung freigesetzten Staub zu erhöhtem Verschleiß, so daß die erforderliche Zuverlässigkeit nur mit entsprechendem Wartungsaufwand zu sichern ist. Für das verwendete Trocknungsprinzip, mit dem im Gegenstrom über den Gießereisand strömenden warmen Abgas aus der thermischen Regenerierung ist ein entsprechend hoher Zeitaufwand erforderlich.In this procedure, there is increased wear due to the mechanical moving parts and the dust released during cleaning, so that the required reliability can only be ensured with appropriate maintenance. A correspondingly high expenditure of time is required for the drying principle used, with the hot exhaust gas from the thermal regeneration flowing in countercurrent over the foundry sand.

In Gießerei, Bd. 76, Nr. 10, 15.05.1989, Düsseldorf, S. 350-358 und Metal Handbook 9th Edition, Vol. 15, Casting, 1988, Metals Park, S. 352-354 sind Regenerierungszellen für eine pneumatische Behandlung von Gießereialtsand beschrieben. In diesen Regenerierungszellen wird der Sand durch ein Blasrohr gegen eine Prallglocke beschleunigt und dadurch gereinigt. Dabei gelangt der Sand nach dem Aufprallen an der Glocke entweder wieder zur am unteren Ende des Blasrohres angeordneten Düse und wird erneut gegen die Prallglocke beschleunigt oder er trifft auf eine Ablenkplatte und wird entweder in eine nachfolgende Regenerierungszelle geleitet oder abgezogen.In Gießerei, Vol. 76, No. 10, May 15, 1989, Düsseldorf, pp. 350-358 and Metal Handbook 9th Edition, Vol. 15, Casting, 1988, Metals Park, pp. 352-354 are regeneration cells for pneumatic treatment described by foundry sand. In these regeneration cells, the sand is accelerated against a baffle bell by a blow pipe and thereby cleaned. After the impact on the bell, the sand either comes back to the nozzle at the lower end of the blowpipe and is accelerated again against the impact bell, or it hits a baffle plate and is either directed into a subsequent regeneration cell or removed.

Eine chargenweise Behandlung von in Gießereien anfallenden Altsanden wird in EP-A1 0 343 272 vorgeschlagen. Dabei wird der Sand in einem Behälter von sich um eine Achse drehenden Reibelementen behandelt, die durch die Charge bewegt werden.A batch-wise treatment of used sands occurring in foundries is proposed in EP-A1 0 343 272. The sand in a container is treated by friction elements that rotate about an axis and are moved by the batch.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Gießereialtsand thermisch-mechanisch so zu reinigen, daß er eine gleichbleibende Qualität aufweist, die der von Neusand nahekommt.The object of the invention is to clean foundry sand thermo-mechanically so that it has a constant quality that comes close to that of new sand.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Gießereialtsand vor- und/oder nach einer thermischen Regenerierung chargenweise in einem gesonderten Apparat einer mechanisch-pneumatischen Reinigung unterzogen wird. Nach der Füllung des Behälters wird der Gießereialtsand oberhalb eines in einem Abstand von seinem Boden angebrachten und mit Öffnungen (vorzugsweise Düsenschrauben) versehenen Bleches, mit einem in einem Abstand von seinem senkrechten Blasrohr aus einer Blasdüse austretenden Luftstrom in das Blasrohr gesaugt. Der durch den Luftstrom beschleunigte Altsand gelangt durch das Blasrohr zu einer oberhalb des Blasrohres angebrachten Umlenkhaube und wird gegen deren Innenfläche geschleudert. Dabei platzen am Gießereialtsand anhaftende Verunreinigungen ab und können als Staub mittels des Luftstromes im Behälter durch eine an dessen Oberseite befindliche Öffnung ausgetragen werden. Der relativ schwere Gießereialtsand fällt dagegen wieder auf das mit Öffnungen versehene Blech des Behälters und gelangt wieder mit Hilfe des Luftstromes durch das Blasrohr zur Umlenkhaube, so daß der Reinigungsvorgang so oft wiederholt werden kann, bis der gewünschte Reinigungseffekt ereicht ist. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt kann ein am Behälter befindliches Ventil geöffnet werden, und der nunmehr gereinigte Gießereialtsand kann entweder einer nachfolgenden thermischen Regenerierung oder der Form- bzw. Kernherstellung zugeführt werden, je nachdem ob die mechanisch-pneumatische Reinigung als Vorreinigungs- oder Nachreinigungsstufe vorgesehen ist. Durch diese Verfahrensweise ist gesichert, daß der den Behälter verlassende Gießereialtsand eine gleichbleibende Qualität aufweist, daß alle Körner des Gießereialtsandes einer nahezu gleichen Anzahl von Reinigungszyklen im Behälter unterzogen wurden.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the foundry sand is subjected to batches of mechanical-pneumatic cleaning in a separate apparatus before and / or after thermal regeneration. After the container has been filled, the foundry sand is sucked into the blower tube above a sheet which is arranged at a distance from its bottom and provided with openings (preferably nozzle screws), with an air stream emerging from a blower nozzle at a distance from its vertical blow tube. The old sand accelerated by the air flow passes through the blow pipe to a deflection hood attached above the blow pipe and is flung against its inner surface. In the process, contaminants adhering to the foundry sand chip off and can form as dust are discharged by means of the air flow in the container through an opening located at the top thereof. The relatively heavy foundry sand, on the other hand, falls again on the sheet metal of the container provided with openings and reaches the deflection hood again with the aid of the air flow through the blow pipe, so that the cleaning process can be repeated until the desired cleaning effect is achieved. At this time, a valve located on the container can be opened and the now cleaned foundry sand can either be fed to a subsequent thermal regeneration or the mold or core production, depending on whether the mechanical-pneumatic cleaning is intended as a pre-cleaning or post-cleaning stage. This procedure ensures that the foundry sand leaving the container has a constant quality, that all the grains of the foundry sand have been subjected to an almost equal number of cleaning cycles in the container.

Durch die Parallelschaltung von mindestens zwei solcher Reinigungsbehälter ist ein quasikontinuierlicher Betrieb einer Gießereialtsandreinigungsanlage gewährleistet.The parallel connection of at least two such cleaning containers ensures quasi-continuous operation of a foundry sand cleaning system.

Bei der pneumatisch-mechanischen Reinigung tritt bei entsprechender Werkstoffwahl von Düse, Blasrohr und Umlenkhaube fast kein mechanischer Verschleiß auf. Des weiteren ist der Reinigungseffekt des Gießereialtsandes einfach regelbar durch die Variation des Luftförderdruckes, die Änderung des Abstandes am Blasrohrende und an der Umlenkhaube sowie eine entsprechende Einstellung des Auftreffwinkels des Gießereialtsandes auf die Umlenkhaube und die Dauer des Reinigungsvorganges. Die am Oberteil des Behälters befestigte Umlenkhaube kann durch einfache mechanische Mittel in verschiedenen Abständen zum Blasrohrende fixiert und eventuell um bestimmte Winkel geschwenkt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, am Anfang des Reinigungsprozesses größere Reinigungseffekte zu erzielen und gegen Ende des Zyklus eine schonendere Behandlung der Körner zu erreichen.With pneumatic and mechanical cleaning, there is almost no mechanical wear if the material of the nozzle, blow pipe and deflection hood is selected accordingly. Furthermore, the cleaning effect of the foundry sand can be easily regulated by varying the air delivery pressure, changing the distance at the end of the blowpipe and on the deflection hood, as well as adjusting the angle of impact of the foundry sand on the deflection hood and the duration of the cleaning process. The deflection hood attached to the upper part of the container can be fixed by simple mechanical means at different distances from the end of the blowpipe and possibly be pivoted through certain angles. This makes it possible to achieve greater cleaning effects at the beginning of the cleaning process and to achieve a gentler treatment of the grains towards the end of the cycle.

Wird die pneumatisch-mechanische Reinigung als Vorreinigungsstufe eingesetzt, kann günstigerweise heiße Luft zur Förderung und Fluidisierung des Altsandes benutzt werden. Die Luft wird vorteilhafterweise unter Nutzung der Abwärme aus der thermischen Regenerierung erwärmt. Bei Temperaturen der heißen Luft oberhalb 350 °C ist ein sicheres und schnelles Abtrocknen besonders der anorganischen Verunreinigungen möglich. Die mechanische Vorreinigung von bentonitgebundenem Altsand wird durch die zwangsweise vorhandene Restfeuchtigkeit erschwert. Der noch aktive Bentonit nimmt viel Wasser auf und wirkt wie ein "Schmiermittel". Dadurch wird die durch Kornan-Korn-Reibung entstehende Reinigungswirkung reduziert. Durch die den Altsand allseitig umströmende heiße Förder- und Fluidisierungsluft wird die an diesem anhaftende Bentonitschicht sehr schnell getrocknet und versprödet, so daß sie sich leichter mechanisch entfernen läßt. Nach ausreichender Vorreinigung und Trocknung wird das Ventil am Behälter geöffnet und der nunmehr vorgewärmte und vorgereinigte Altsand einer thermischen Regenerierungssstufe, etwa einem Fließbettofen zugeführt. In dieser erfolgt dann die Reinigung das Altsandes von den an ihm haftenden organischen Bindemitteln und das "Totbrennen" der ebenfalls noch anhaftenden Bentonite.If the pneumatic-mechanical cleaning is used as a pre-cleaning stage, hot air can advantageously be used to convey and fluidize the old sand. The air is advantageously heated using the waste heat from the thermal regeneration. At temperatures of the hot air above 350 ° C, it is possible to dry the inorganic contaminants safely and quickly. The mechanical pre-cleaning of bentonite-bound used sand is made more difficult by the residual moisture that is necessarily present. The still active bentonite absorbs a lot of water and acts like a "lubricant". This reduces the cleaning effect caused by Kornan-Korn friction. The hot conveying and fluidizing air flowing around the old sand on all sides dries and embrittles the bentonite layer adhering to it very quickly, making it easier to remove mechanically. After sufficient pre-cleaning and drying, the valve on the container is opened and the now preheated and pre-cleaned old sand is fed to a thermal regeneration stage, such as a fluidized bed oven. In this, the old sand is then cleaned of the organic binders adhering to it and the "dead burning" of the bentonites which are also still adhering.

An die thermische Regenerierungsstufe kann sich eine gleichartige pneumatisch-mechanische Reinigung anschließen. Dabei erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, im Behälterinneren oberhalb des mit Löchern versehenen Bleches einen wärmetauscher vorzusehen, der den von der Umlenkhaube herabfallenden Altsand kühlt. Der thermisch regenerierte Altsand gelangt mit einer Temperatur von ca 650 °C in den Behälter. Die Schamotthüllen der Quarzkörner sind in diesem Zustand weicher als nach einer Abkühlung auf ca. 50 °C. Dadurch ist eine schonendere Abreinigung der Schamotthüllen als bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen gegeben, so daß mit einer niedrigeren Kornzerstörung zu rechnen ist. Durch die im Behälter vorzunehmende Kühlung verspröden die Bentonite, und es entstehen Wärmespannungen, was die einfachere Trennung ermöglicht. Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert werden.A similar pneumatic-mechanical cleaning can follow the thermal regeneration stage. It proves to be advantageous to provide a heat exchanger in the interior of the container above the plate provided with holes, which cools the old sand falling from the deflection hood. Of the thermally regenerated used sand reaches the container at a temperature of approx. 650 ° C. The fireclay shells of the quartz grains are softer in this state than after cooling to approx. 50 ° C. This results in a gentler cleaning of the fireclay shells than at comparatively low temperatures, so that less grain destruction can be expected. Due to the cooling to be carried out in the container, the bentonites become brittle and thermal stresses arise, which enables easier separation. The invention is to be explained below using two exemplary embodiments.

Dabei zeigt

Fig. 1
eine pneumatisch-mechanische Reinigung von Gießereialtsand mit anschließender thermischer Regenerierung in einem Fließbettofen;
Fig. 2
eine pneumatisch-mechanische Nachreinigung im Anschluß an eine thermische Regenerierung in einem Fließbettofen.
It shows
Fig. 1
a pneumatic-mechanical cleaning of foundry sand with subsequent thermal regeneration in a fluid bed furnace;
Fig. 2
a pneumatic-mechanical post-cleaning after thermal regeneration in a fluid bed furnace.

Bei einer Vorreinigung gemäß Figur 1 gelangt der Gießereialtsand aus einem Vorbehälter 1 in den Reinigungsbehälter 2. Von einem Gebläse 6 wird ein Luftstrom erzeugt, der den wärmetauscher 7 durchläuft und in diesem durch die Wärme des Fließbettofens 10 erhitzt wird. Die Luft erwärmt sich im Wärmetauscher 7 auf Werte von 400 - 500 °C (mindestens 350 °C). Durch die Luftführung 3 gelangt die nunmehr heiße Luft in den Reinigungsbehälter 2 und fördert den Altsand durch das Blasrohr 4. Der mit dem Luftstrom beschleunigte Altsand prallt gegen die Umlenkhaube 5 und an ihm haftende Verunreinigungen, besonders anorganische Bindemittel platzen dabei ab. Durch das sehr heiße Fördermedium Luft, das den Altsand allseitig umströmt, erfolgt eine sehr schnelle Trocknung des Bentonites. Dieses versprödet und läßt sich dadurch leichter vom Altsand entfernen.In a pre-cleaning according to FIG. 1, the foundry sand arrives from a pre-container 1 into the cleaning container 2. An air flow is generated by a fan 6, which flows through the heat exchanger 7 and is heated therein by the heat of the fluidized bed furnace 10. The air heats up in the heat exchanger 7 to values of 400-500 ° C (at least 350 ° C). The now hot air passes through the air duct 3 into the cleaning container 2 and conveys the old sand through the blow pipe 4. The old sand accelerated with the air flow impinges against the deflection hood 5 and impurities adhering to it, particularly inorganic binders, burst off in the process. Due to the very hot medium air, which flows around the old sand on all sides, the bentonite dries very quickly. This embrittles and is therefore easier to remove from the old sand.

Nach dem Aufprall auf die Umlenkhaube 5 fällt der Altsand auf ein mit Löchern versehenes Blech 19, das oberhalb des Reinigungsbehälterbodens angebracht ist. In den Öffnungen des Bleches 19 befinden sich Düsenschrauben, vorzugsweise quergebohrte Hohlschrauben, durch die die Luft in den Reinigungsbehälter 2 strömt und den Gießereialtsand fluidisiert. Der auf dem Bodenblech 19 des Reinigungsbehälters befindliche Gießereialtsand gelangt wiederum zum Blasrohr 4 und wird mittels der Luftströmung in dieses gesaugt. Der Altsand durchläuft diesen Kreislauf so oft, bis ein bestimmter Trocknungs- und Reinigungseffekt bzw. eine bestimmte Vorwärmtemperatur erreicht ist, um dann über die Leitung 17 aus dem Reinigungsbehälter 2 entfernt zu werden. Am Reinigungsbehälter 2 befindet sich eine nicht dargestellte Absperreinrichtung, die die Leitung 17 öffnet bzw. schließt. Aus der Leitung 17 gelangt der vorgereinigte Altsand in einen Zwischenbehälter 8 und wird über einen Vibrationsförderer 9 einem Fließbettofen 10 zugeführt, in dem der Altsand einer thermischen Regenerierung unterzogen wird.After the impact on the deflection hood 5, the old sand falls onto a perforated plate 19 which is attached above the bottom of the cleaning container. In the openings of the sheet 19 there are nozzle screws, preferably cross-drilled hollow screws, through which the air flows into the cleaning container 2 and fluidizes the foundry sand. The foundry sand on the bottom plate 19 of the cleaning container in turn reaches the blow pipe 4 and is sucked into it by means of the air flow. The used sand runs through this cycle until a certain drying and cleaning effect or a certain preheating temperature is reached, in order then to be removed from the cleaning container 2 via the line 17. On the cleaning container 2 there is a shut-off device, not shown, which opens or closes the line 17. From the line 17, the pre-cleaned old sand reaches an intermediate container 8 and is fed via a vibration conveyor 9 to a fluidized bed furnace 10, in which the old sand is subjected to thermal regeneration.

Es ist möglich, die Luftführung mittels bekannter, nicht dargestellter Einrichtungen, wie z.B. Klappen so zu regeln, daß keine Luft zum Blasrohr 4 gelangt und die Luftströmung nur durch die Öffnungen im Bodenblech 19 gelangt und im Reinigungsbehälter 2 der Gießereialtsand fluidisiert und vorgetrocknet wird. Die Zuführung der Blasluft zum Blasrohr 4 erfolgt dann erst nach einer gewissen Vortrocknung. Die über das Bodenblech 19 gleichmäßig verteilten Öffnungen, vorzugsweise quergebohrte Hohlschrauben oder Düsen, verteilen die Luftströmung über die gesamte Fläche gleichmäßig und verhindern ein Herunterfallen des Altsandes. Der gesamte Sandinhalt wird dadurch fluidisiert, so daß ein rascher Wärmeübergang zwischen Luft und Sand erfolgt und günstige Verhältnisse für eine Fließbettsichtung vorhanden sind.It is possible to regulate the air flow by means of known devices, not shown, such as flaps, so that no air reaches the blowpipe 4 and the air flow only passes through the openings in the base plate 19 and the foundry sand is fluidized and pre-dried in the cleaning container 2. The blown air is then supplied to the blower tube 4 only after a certain predrying. The openings, which are evenly distributed over the base plate 19, preferably cross-drilled banjo bolts or nozzles, distribute the air flow evenly over the entire surface and prevent the old sand from falling down. Of the The entire sand content is fluidized so that there is a rapid heat transfer between air and sand and favorable conditions are available for a fluid bed sighting.

Durch die im Reinigungsbehälter 2 herrschenden Druck- und Strömungsverhältnisse ist es möglich, abgeplatzte leichte Rest- und Wertstoffe über einen am Oberteil des Reinigungsbehälters 2 angebrachten Abzug 16 ohne großen zusätzlichen Aufwand abzuziehen.Due to the pressure and flow conditions prevailing in the cleaning container 2, it is possible to pull off flaked off light residues and valuable materials via a fume cupboard 16 attached to the upper part of the cleaning container 2 without great additional effort.

Zu Beginn der Vorreinigung weisen die abgezogenen in einem nicht dargestellten Zyklon abgeschiedenen Rest- und Wertstoffe eine hohe Konzentration an Bentonit und Ganzkohlenstoff auf, die sofort wieder der Grünsandaufbereitung zugeführt werden. Nimmt jedoch der Anteil an Quarzunterkorn im Staub zu, wird der im Zyklon abgeschiedene Staub dem Fließbettofen 10 zur Verbrennung der organischen Bestandteile und Inertisierung der Reststoffe zugeführt.At the beginning of the pre-cleaning, the residues and valuable substances removed in a cyclone (not shown) have a high concentration of bentonite and whole carbon, which are immediately returned to the green sand processing. However, if the proportion of undersize quartz in the dust increases, the dust separated in the cyclone is fed to the fluidized bed furnace 10 for combustion of the organic constituents and inerting of the residues.

In Figur 2 ist der prinzipiell gleichartig aufgebaute Reinigungsbehälter 2 im Anschluß an eine thermische Regenerierungsstufe, in Form eines Fließbettofens 10, dargestellt. Der heiße Altsand gelangt über einen Zwischenbehälter 11 in den Reinigungsbehälter 2, in diesem befindet sich oberhalb des mit Löchern versehenen Bleches 19 ein Wärmetauscher 12 zur Kühlung des heißen Altsandes. Prinzipiell arbeitet die pneumatisch-mechanische Nachreinigung wie die entsprechende Vorreinigung. Es wird jedoch über ein Gebläse 14 durch die Luftführung 3 kalte Luft in den Reinigungsbehälter 2 gefördert. Dadurch ist im Zusammenwirken mit dem Wärmetauscher 12 eine schnelle Kühlung des bis dahin heißen Altsandes gesichert. Durch die mehrmalige Beschleunigung des Altsandes im Blasrohr 4 und das nachfolgende Aufprallen auf die Umlenkhaube 5 wird gewährleistet, daß sich die noch an den Sandkörnern anhaftenden totgebrannten Bentonite ablösen. Nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit, also einer entsprechend definierten Anzahl von Zyklen, wird der Reinigungsvorgang beendet, dadurch wird erreicht, daß alle Quarzkörner in etwa der gleichen Reibbehandlung unterzogen worden sind. Ab diesem Moment kann nach Öffnung eines nicht dargestellten Ventiles der nunmehr vollständig gereinigte Gießereisand durch die Leitung 18 einem weiteren Zwischenbehälter 13 zugeführt werden und über einen pneumatischen Förderer 15 zur neuerlichen Form- bzw. Kernherstellung gelangen.FIG. 2 shows the cleaning tank 2, which is basically of the same design, following a thermal regeneration stage, in the form of a fluidized bed oven 10. The hot used sand passes through an intermediate container 11 into the cleaning container 2, in which there is a heat exchanger 12 for cooling the hot used sand above the plate 19 provided with holes. In principle, the pneumatic-mechanical post-cleaning works like the corresponding pre-cleaning. However, cold air is conveyed into the cleaning container 2 by a fan 14 through the air duct 3. This, in cooperation with the heat exchanger 12, ensures rapid cooling of the old sand, which was hot up to that point. The repeated acceleration of the old sand in the blowpipe 4 and the subsequent impact on the deflection hood 5 ensure that those still adhering to the grains of sand Remove dead burned bentonite. After a predetermined time, that is to say a correspondingly defined number of cycles, the cleaning process is ended, with the result that all quartz grains have been subjected to approximately the same rubbing treatment. From this moment on, after opening a valve (not shown), the now completely cleaned foundry sand can be fed through line 18 to a further intermediate container 13 and can be reshaped via a pneumatic conveyor 15.

Da fast keine mechanisch beweglichen Teile vorhanden sind, tritt auch kein mechanischer Verschleiß auf, so daß nur ein geringer Wartungsaufwand zum Betreiben dieser Anlage erforderlich ist.Since there are almost no mechanically moving parts, there is also no mechanical wear, so that only little maintenance is required to operate this system.

Durch die günstigen Regelungsmöglichkeiten und die Möglichkeit der Vorbestimmung der Reinigungszeit (Anzahl der Zyklen) ist gesichert, daß ein geringerer Anteil an Kornzerstörung auftritt. Der so gereinigte Gießereialtsand kann größtenfalls wiederum der Form- bzw. Kernherstellung, wie Neusand zugeführt werden.The favorable control options and the possibility of predetermining the cleaning time (number of cycles) ensure that a lower proportion of grain destruction occurs. The foundry sand that has been cleaned in this way can at most be returned to the mold or core production, such as new sand.

Durch die Kombination mehrerer Arbeitsgänge in einem Anlagenteil ist ein ökonomischer Betrieb einer Gießereialtsandreinigungsanlage gewährleistet. So kann der Gießereialtsand in einer Vorreinigungsstufe gleichzeitig getrocknet, vorgewärmt, vorgereinigt und bei der pneumatisch-mechanischen Nachreinigung gleichzeitig gekühlt, nachgereinigt und gesichtet werden. Dadurch entfallen zusätzliche Einrichtungen, wie z.B. Zwischenförderanlagen, die bei anderen Anlagentypen erforderlich sind.The combination of several operations in one part of the plant ensures economic operation of a foundry sand cleaning plant. For example, the foundry sand can be dried, preheated, pre-cleaned in a pre-cleaning stage and simultaneously cooled, post-cleaned and sifted during the pneumatic-mechanical post-cleaning. This eliminates the need for additional facilities such as Intermediate conveyors that are required for other types of systems.

Für den kontinuierlichen Betrieb einer Gießereialtsandreinigungsanlage bietet es sich an, mindestens zwei entsprechende pneumatisch-mechanische Vor- und/oder Nachreinigungsanlagen in paraleller Anordnung vorzusehen, deren Kapazität entsprechend ausgelegt ist. Je nach erforderlicher Kapazität können entweder ein oder mehrere Blasrohre in den Reinigungsbehältern vorgesehen werden, durch die der Luftstrom den Altsand gegen eine oder mehrere Umlenkhaube bläst.For the continuous operation of a foundry sand cleaning system, it is advisable to have at least two corresponding pneumatic-mechanical preliminary and / or Provide post-cleaning systems in parallel arrangement, the capacity of which is designed accordingly. Depending on the required capacity, either one or more blowpipes can be provided in the cleaning containers through which the air flow blows the used sand against one or more deflection hoods.

Claims (11)

  1. Process for mechanical purification of used foundry sand by means of thermo-mechanical regeneration, wherein the used foundry sand is blown pneumatically out of a container (2) against a deflection hood (5) by means of an air flow through a blow pipe (4), characterised in that the used sand directed into the container (2) before and/or after thermal treatment is fluidised above a metal sheet (19) provided with openings by means of cold or hot air, depending on humidity and/or temperature, and is repeatedly blown against the deflection hood (5) within a charge until adequate purification has been achieved, whereupon the used foundry sand is discharged from the container (2).
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the distance between the end of the blow pipe and the deflection hood is controlled.
  3. Process according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the angle of impact of the used foundry sand on the deflection hood is controlled.
  4. Process according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the pneumatic feed pressure is controlled.
  5. Process according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the residual materials and substances of value with lower mass than the used foundry sand are drawn off through an opening provided in the upper region of the container and reclaimed.
  6. Process according to Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the air flow is controlled initially so that it only flows through openings in a base plate and fluidises the used foundry sand, during which it predries and heats or cools the sand without it being sucked into the blow pipe.
  7. Process according to Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that during after-purification in the container, the used foundry sand falls onto a heat exchanger after being thermally regenerated and is cooled in the container during the sojourn time.
  8. Process according to Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that during mechanical-pneumatic initial purification, the used foundry sand is blown with hot air against the deflection hood.
  9. Process according to Claims 1 to 5 and 7, characterised in that the used foundry sand is blown against the deflection hood with hot air from the thermal regeneration at a temperature of at least 350°C.
  10. Process according to Claims 1 to 5 and 8, 9, characterised in that from the beginning of the mechanical initial purification to the time where the amount of undersize quartz particles in the dust reaches a specific value, the amount of bentonite and complete carbon drawn off via the opening provided in the upper region and via a cyclone connected downstream is immediately fed to the greensand preparation.
  11. Process according to Claims 1 to 5 and 8, 9, characterised in that once the time has been reached where the amount of undersize quartz particles in the dust increases, the separated dust is fed to the fluidised bed furnace to combust the organic constituents and render the residual substances inert.
EP92105216A 1991-04-10 1992-03-26 Process for mechanical reclaiming of used foundry sand Expired - Lifetime EP0512236B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4111726A DE4111726C2 (en) 1991-04-10 1991-04-10 Process for mechanical cleaning of foundry sand
DE4111726 1991-04-10

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EP0512236B1 true EP0512236B1 (en) 1995-12-06

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EP (1) EP0512236B1 (en)
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FR2696367B1 (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-12-23 Fm Ind Method and installation for regenerating heterogeneous foundry sands.
DE4237838A1 (en) * 1992-11-10 1994-05-11 Badische Maschf Gmbh Method and device for regenerating foundry sand
DE4322947B4 (en) * 1992-11-27 2006-02-02 Förder- und Anlagentechnik GmbH Arrangement for improving the processing properties of sands
DE4316610A1 (en) * 1993-05-18 1994-11-24 Gut Gieserei Umwelt Technik Gm Ecologically sound mechanical/pneumatic sand regeneration in batchwise operation
DE4434115C1 (en) * 1994-09-23 1995-11-23 Kgt Giessereitechnik Gmbh Pneumatic-mechanical cleaning of old foundry sand
JP3355325B2 (en) * 2000-05-18 2002-12-09 旭有機材工業株式会社 Temperature control unit for raw molding sand or resin-coated sand for shell mold and temperature control device using the same
DE10346062B4 (en) * 2003-10-04 2006-03-23 Daimlerchrysler Ag Method for producing a casting
CA2916810A1 (en) * 2015-01-12 2016-07-12 Russell Wynn Driver Refining of sand to remove impurities
JP6687400B2 (en) * 2016-01-26 2020-04-22 リグナイト株式会社 Mold making equipment
JP6687399B2 (en) * 2016-01-26 2020-04-22 株式会社大阪シェル Foundry sand heating device
IT201800004618A1 (en) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-17 Process for the regeneration of foundry sand.
CN108705030B (en) * 2018-07-04 2024-03-29 柳晶(溧阳)环保科技有限公司 Foundry waste sand treatment equipment

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA922356B (en) 1992-11-25
EP0512236A1 (en) 1992-11-11
US5291935A (en) 1994-03-08
DE4111726C2 (en) 1994-02-24
ATE131091T1 (en) 1995-12-15
DK0512236T3 (en) 1996-01-22
DE4111726A1 (en) 1992-10-15
DE59204541D1 (en) 1996-01-18

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