EP0521201B1 - Process for reclaiming used foundry sand - Google Patents
Process for reclaiming used foundry sand Download PDFInfo
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- EP0521201B1 EP0521201B1 EP19910250173 EP91250173A EP0521201B1 EP 0521201 B1 EP0521201 B1 EP 0521201B1 EP 19910250173 EP19910250173 EP 19910250173 EP 91250173 A EP91250173 A EP 91250173A EP 0521201 B1 EP0521201 B1 EP 0521201B1
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- sand
- water
- used sand
- fluidised bed
- shells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/18—Plants for preparing mould materials
- B22C5/185—Plants for preparing mould materials comprising a wet reclamation step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying
Definitions
- the binding agent is fixed in a shell-like manner on the surface of the quartz grains by fireclaying (oolithization), while it is in the case of molding sands with organic Binding agents in the course of the casting process lead to their thermal decomposition and thus to adherent residues of carbon-rich degradation products of the organic binders on the surface of the quartz grains.
- further additives lead to contamination of the old sand, such as the formation of shiny carbon.
- used sand which at least consists predominantly of used organic sand
- the binder casings and other impurities of the old sand are usually so far removed that the used sand can be reused as molding sand.
- this thermal treatment process does not lead to a satisfactory result for inorganic waste sands.
- DE-PS 38 15 877 to subject the (for example according to DE-PS 31 03 030) thermally-mechanically (pre-) treated regenerate to an ultrasonic treatment in water (as a coupling layer). This is intended to cause the binder shells sintered onto the quartz grains to flake off and to reduce the degree of oolithization to normal values.
- hydrocarbon compounds contain organic waste sand as well as clanz carbon and its formers cannot be removed sufficiently. These substances (like clayey components, for example) act as lubricants and hinder the desired abrasion, so that even with multi-stage attrition, a sufficiently satisfactory regeneration result cannot be achieved.
- the present invention has for its object, while avoiding the aforementioned and other disadvantages to provide a both technically and economically satisfactory method for processing used foundry sand, in which (compared to the prior art) relatively low technical and economic outlay a largely generally usable regrind with relatively low pollutant components What can be achieved, which enables problem-free reuse instead of new sand for mold and core production in foundries.
- the solution to this problem is, according to the invention, that the old sand to be treated is first soaked with water so that the pores of the grain shells i.w. are filled with water, and that the impregnated old sand is then placed in a heated fluidized bed, the water in the pores spontaneously evaporating due to the shock heating of the old sand to be treated and the grain shells being blown off or at least blown off due to the considerable increase in volume of the water that arises are loosened so much that they can be separated from the quartz grains directly in the fluidized bed. Due to the usual drying of wet regenerated used sand using hot air at approx. 150 - 300 ° C, such a blasting or loosening effect is not achieved, as the binding agent requirement mentioned above shows.
- the heat dissipation by the water evaporation in the immediate vicinity of the quartz grain prevents a possible change in the crystal modification and a grain decay due to a shock-like heating of the quartz grains.
- the used sand which can consist of any mixture of organically and inorganically bound used sands, has to pass through an attraction stage that is otherwise necessary for wet regeneration when it is wetted or soaked. This results in considerable economic advantages due to the simplified method of operation and the less expensive equipment.
- the process according to the invention is highly satisfactory not only from a technical but also from an economic point of view, especially since the heated fluidized bed can itself consist of sand (possibly also of already processed used sand).
- the ratio of the amount of fluidized bed sand to the amount of moist used sand supplied per minute can be selected in the range from approximately 50 to 100.
- the fluidized bed is most preferably heated from above, preferably with high-speed burners, gaseous fuels having proven to be particularly useful as the additional fuel (in addition to the fuel components already contained in the used sand).
- the fluidized bed can preferably be kept at a steady temperature of approximately 750 to 950 ° C.
- the dwell time of the used sand to be processed in the fluidized bed can be adjusted depending on its nature. In this way, a complete burnout of organic substances is to be ensured.
- the old sand to be humidified and to be treated is moistened in a vacuum.
- the drawing shows a schematic representation of a bunker 1 in which the used sand, which is regularly a mixture of inorganic and organic used sand, is collected.
- the used sand to be processed is fed from the bunker 1 to a used sand preparation 2 (consisting of a magnetic separator for separating Fe parts, a tuber shredder and a sieve) and from there it arrives in an intermediate bunker 3.
- a used sand preparation 2 consisting of a magnetic separator for separating Fe parts, a tuber shredder and a sieve
- the prepared used sand is fed by means of a metering device 4 to a mixer 5, into which water 6 and agents which reduce the surface tension are also added.
- the water is heated to max. 95 ° C heated.
- the moist sand is circulated in a conditioner 7 until the pores of the grain shells are completely moistened is reached and then metered into a fluidized bed furnace 8.
- the wet old sand to be treated is suddenly heated to an operating temperature of 800 to 850 °, whereby the steam formation described above blows the fireclay shells off the quartz grains or at least considerably loosens them and organic Burn pollutants completely.
- the furnace exhaust gas is cooled in a heat exchanger 11 while preheating the fluidized air.
- the furnace discharge To cool the furnace discharge, it first passes through a fluidized bed cooler 12, in which the water required for the impregnation is preheated to 70 to 95 ° C. and the sensible heat of the sand is recovered in the form of steam or hot water.
- a final treatment of the regenerate obtained takes place in a pneumatic cleaning device 13 and a fractionation into (at least) two grits ("coarse” and "fine”).
- the processed used sand is universally reusable, whereby the granulation of the new sand to be formed from the processed used sand (if necessary with a certain addition of new sand) can be done by dosing from the individual fractions in order to obtain used sand with a predetermined average grain size or a certain grain size range .
- the filter dust is free of pollutants and can be safely deposited or used, for example, as a building material or aggregate.
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- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Regenerieren von Gießerei-Altsand nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, also eines Altsandes, dessen Ursprungs-Formsand als Formstoff anorganische Bindemittel wie Bentonit (= "anorganischer Altsand") oder/und organische Bindemittel wie Phenol- oder/und Furanharze (= "organischer Altsand") enthielt.The invention relates to a method for regenerating foundry used sand according to the preamble of claim 1, that is, used sand, the original molding sand as a molding material inorganic binders such as bentonite (= "inorganic used sand") and / or organic binders such as phenol or / and Furan resins (= "organic old sand") contained.
Bei anorganisch gebundenen Formsanden wird das Bindemittel beim Gießvorgang auf der Oberfläche der Quarzkörner durch Schamottisierung (Oolithisierung) schalenförmig fixiert, während es bei Formsanden mit organischen Bindemitteln im Verlaufe des Gießvorganges zu deren thermischer Zersetzung und damit zu festhaftenden Rückständen kohlenstoffreicher Abbauprodukte der organischen Bindemittel auf der Oberfläche der Quarzkörner kommt. Darüber hinaus kommt es aufgrund weiterer Zusätze zu Verunreinigungen des Altsandes, wie z.B. zur Bildung von Glanzkohlenstoff.In the case of inorganically bound molding sands, the binding agent is fixed in a shell-like manner on the surface of the quartz grains by fireclaying (oolithization), while it is in the case of molding sands with organic Binding agents in the course of the casting process lead to their thermal decomposition and thus to adherent residues of carbon-rich degradation products of the organic binders on the surface of the quartz grains. In addition, further additives lead to contamination of the old sand, such as the formation of shiny carbon.
Während man (Gießerei-)Altsand früher zumindest überwiegend auf Deponien verkippt hat, ist es heutzutage wegen akuter Verknappung von verfügbarem Deponieraum und nicht zuletzt auch aus Kostengründen geboten, Altsand zu regenerieren, also so aufzubereiten, daß er wiederverwendbar ist. Dieses setzt indes voraus, daß die vorstehend erwähnten Binderhüllen (Kornschalen) und sonstigen Verunreinigungen des Altsandes von den Quarzkörnern abgetrennt werden.While (foundry) used sand used to be mostly dumped on landfills, nowadays it is necessary to regenerate used sand due to the acute shortage of available landfill space and not least for cost reasons, i.e. to process it so that it can be reused. However, this presupposes that the above-mentioned binder shells (grain shells) and other impurities in the old sand are separated from the quartz grains.
Für eine Regenerierung von Altsand, der zumindest ganz überwiegend aus organischem Altsand besteht, ist es bekannt, diesen thermisch durch Glühen bei einer Temperatur von ca. 800° C und/oder ggf. pneumatisch zu behandeln. Dabei werden die Binderhüllen und sonstigen Verunreinigungen des Altsandes i.d.R. so weitgehend entfernt, daß der Altsand als Formsand wiederverwendet werden kann. Dagegen führt dieses thermische Aufbereitungsverfahren bei anorganischen Altsanden nicht zu einem befriedigenden Ergebnis.For the regeneration of used sand, which at least consists predominantly of used organic sand, it is known to treat it thermally by annealing at a temperature of approximately 800 ° C. and / or, if necessary, pneumatically. The binder casings and other impurities of the old sand are usually so far removed that the used sand can be reused as molding sand. In contrast, this thermal treatment process does not lead to a satisfactory result for inorganic waste sands.
Das aus der DE-PS 31 03 030 bekannte thermisch-mechanische Verfahren führt allenfalls dann zu brauchbaren Ergebnissen, wenn der Anteil an anorganischem Altsand relativ klein ist. Dieses Verfahren löst die obige Problematik mithin nicht allgemein, da anfallender Altsand i.d.R. zu mehr als zwei Dritteln aus anorganischem Altsand besteht.The thermal-mechanical method known from DE-PS 31 03 030 leads at most to usable results if the proportion of inorganic waste sand is relatively small. This method therefore does not generally solve the above problem, since used sand usually consists of more than two thirds of inorganic used sand.
Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Verhältnisse wurde mit der DE-PS 38 15 877 vorgeschlagen, das (bspw. gemäß der DE-PS 31 03 030) thermisch-mechanisch (vor-)behandelte Regenerat nachfolgend einer Ultraschallbehandlung in Wasser (als Kopplungsschicht) zu unterziehen. Dadurch sollen die auf die Quarzkörner aufgesinterten Binderschalen zum Abplatzen gebracht und der Oolithisierungsgrad auf normale Werte gesenkt werden.Taking these conditions into account, it was proposed with DE-PS 38 15 877 to subject the (for example according to DE-PS 31 03 030) thermally-mechanically (pre-) treated regenerate to an ultrasonic treatment in water (as a coupling layer). This is intended to cause the binder shells sintered onto the quartz grains to flake off and to reduce the degree of oolithization to normal values.
Ganz abgesehen von dem zur Durchführung des vorgenannten Verfahrens erforderlichen großen und aufwendigen apparativen Aufwand sowie der hohen Betriebskosten ergeben sich weitere Kosten dadurch, daß der aufbereitete Altsand danach noch getrocknet werden muß, wodurch die Wirtschaftlichkeit dieses mehrstufigen Verfahrens nicht mehr gegeben ist, wobei i.ü. noch festzustellen ist, daß aufgrund eines relativ hohen Verschleißes der Sandkörner nur eine relativ geringe Regeneratausbeute hinreichender Qualität erzielbar ist.Quite apart from the large and complex equipment required to carry out the above-mentioned method and the high operating costs, further costs result from the fact that the processed used sand has to be dried afterwards, so that the economy of this multi-stage process is no longer given, i.ü . it should also be noted that due to the relatively high wear of the grains of sand, only a relatively low yield of regenerate of sufficient quality can be achieved.
Zum Regenerieren anorganischen Altsandes wurden Verfahren entwickelt, bei denen versucht wurde, die Binderhüllen auf nassem Wege von der Oberfläche der Sandkörner zu entfernen, und zwar dadurch, daß in einer wäßrigen Sandsuspension ein mechanischer Rührvorgang mit der Folge intensiver Reibung der Sandkörner aneinander durchgeführt wird, wobei dieser auch als Attrition bezeichnete Verfahrensschritt i.d.R. mehrfach wiederholt und ggf. durch Einstellen besonderer Sand-Wasser-Mischungsverhältnisse beeinflußt bzw. intensiviert werden kann (s. z.B. US-PS 27 83 511 oder DE-OS 30 19 096).For the regeneration of old inorganic sand, methods have been developed in which an attempt has been made to remove the binder shells from the surface of the sand grains by wet means, namely by carrying out a mechanical stirring process in an aqueous sand suspension with the result of intensive friction of the sand grains against one another, whereby this process step, also referred to as attraction, as a rule can be repeated several times and, if necessary, influenced or intensified by setting special sand / water mixing ratios (see, for example, US Pat. No. 2,783,511 or DE-OS 30 19 096).
Nachteilig bei diesem Naßverfahren ist u.a. der Umstand, daß Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen organischer Altsandanteile sowie Clanzkohlenstoff und seine Bildner nicht hinreichend entfernt werden können. Diese Stoffe wirken (wie z.B. auch tonige Bestandteile) gleichsam wie Schmiermittel und behindern den angestrebten Abrieb, so daß selbst bei mehrstufiger Attrition kein hinreichend befriedigendes Regenerationsergebnis zu erzielen ist.One disadvantage of this wet process is the fact that hydrocarbon compounds contain organic waste sand as well as clanz carbon and its formers cannot be removed sufficiently. These substances (like clayey components, for example) act as lubricants and hinder the desired abrasion, so that even with multi-stage attrition, a sufficiently satisfactory regeneration result cannot be achieved.
Um diesbezüglich Abhilfe zu schaffen, wurde mit der AU-PS 387 921 vorgeschlagen, hinter jede Attritionsstufe eine Entschlämmung (mittels Klassierer) zu schalten, um auf diese Weise die "Schmiermittel" aus dem Umlaufwasser zu entfernen und somit den erstrebten Abrieb zu intensivieren. Aber selbst wenn bei drei-, vier- oder mehrfacher Attrition in technischer Hinsicht ein befriedigendes Ergebnis zu erzielen wäre, leidet dieses ersichtlich ganz erheblich aufgrund der hiermit verbundenen Kosten unter Wirtschaftlichkeitsgesichtspunkten. Es kommt hinzu, daß bei diesem Verfahren an der Kornoberfläche eine festhaftende Struktur aus fein verteilter, poröser Kieselsäure verbleibt, die bei Wiederverwendung des aufbereiteten Altsandes für (Gießerei-)Neusand einen erhöhten Binderbedarf zur Folge hat.In order to remedy this, it was proposed with AU-PS 387 921 to connect a desludging (by means of classifiers) behind each attraction stage in order to remove the "lubricants" from the circulating water and thus to intensify the desired abrasion. But even if a satisfactory result could be achieved with three, four or multiple attrition, this obviously suffers considerably from the point of view of cost-effectiveness due to the associated costs. In addition, in this process, a firmly adhering structure of finely divided, porous silica remains on the grain surface, which results in an increased need for binder when reusing the processed used sand for (foundry) new sand.
Aus der DE 36 39 634 A1 ist ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Regenerieren von Gießerei-Altsand bekannt, bei dem der aufzubereitende Altsand in einem Fließbett so an hochtemperierten, stabförmigen Heizelementen entlanggeführt wird, daß seine Körner an ihrer Oberfläche, also der Kornschale, wiederholt jeweils kurzzeitig mit einem Heizstab in Berührung kommen und einem Thermoschock ausgesetzt werden. Dadurch sollen die aus Binder bestehenden Kornschalen nach und nach verspröden oder verbrennen und von den Quarzkörnern abfallen. Dabei erfolgt eine Verwirbelung in einem Fließbett, um zu bewirken, daß die Oberfläche der Altsandkörner an mehreren Punkten auf einen Heizstab stößt und einem Thermoschock ausgesetzt wird.From DE 36 39 634 A1 a generic method for the regeneration of old foundry sand is known, in which the old sand to be treated is guided in a fluidized bed along high-temperature, rod-shaped heating elements in such a way that its grains repeatedly briefly on their surface, i.e. the grain shell come into contact with a heating element and be subjected to thermal shock. As a result, the grain shells made of binder should gradually become brittle or burn and fall off the quartz grains. This involves swirling in a fluidized bed in order to cause the surface of the old sand grains to hit a heating element at several points and to be subjected to thermal shock.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Vermeidung der vorstehend erwähnten und weiterer Nachteile ein sowohl in technischer als auch in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht befriedigendes Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Gießerei-Altsand zu schaffen, bei dem mit (im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik) relativ geringem technischen und wirtschaftlichen Aufwand ein weitgehend allgemein einsetzbares Regenerat mit relativ geringen Schadstoffbestandteilen zu erzielen ist, welches eine problemlose Wiederverwendung anstelle von Neusand für die Form- und Kernherstellung in Gießereien ermöglicht.The present invention has for its object, while avoiding the aforementioned and other disadvantages to provide a both technically and economically satisfactory method for processing used foundry sand, in which (compared to the prior art) relatively low technical and economic outlay a largely generally usable regrind with relatively low pollutant components What can be achieved, which enables problem-free reuse instead of new sand for mold and core production in foundries.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht erfindungsgemäß darin, daß der aufzubereitende Altsand zunächst so stark mit Wasser getränkt wird, daß die Poren der Kornschalen i.w. mit Wasser gefüllt sind, und daß der getränkte Altsand anschließend in eine erhitzte Wirbelschicht verbracht wird, wobei durch die dabei auftretende Schockerhitzung des aufzubereitenden Altsandes das in den Poren befindliche Wasser spontan verdampft und die Kornschalen aufgrund der dabei entstehenden erheblichen Volumenvergrößerung des Wassers abgesprengt oder aber zumindest so stark gelockert werden, daß sie unmittelbar in der Wirbelschicht von den Quarzkörnern separierbar sind. Durch die bisher übliche Trocknung naßregenerierten Altsandes mittels Heißluft von ca. 150 - 300°C wird ein solcher Absprengungs- bzw. Lockerungseffekt nicht erzielt, wie der vorstehend erwähnte Bindemittelbedarf aufzeigt.The solution to this problem is, according to the invention, that the old sand to be treated is first soaked with water so that the pores of the grain shells i.w. are filled with water, and that the impregnated old sand is then placed in a heated fluidized bed, the water in the pores spontaneously evaporating due to the shock heating of the old sand to be treated and the grain shells being blown off or at least blown off due to the considerable increase in volume of the water that arises are loosened so much that they can be separated from the quartz grains directly in the fluidized bed. Due to the usual drying of wet regenerated used sand using hot air at approx. 150 - 300 ° C, such a blasting or loosening effect is not achieved, as the binding agent requirement mentioned above shows.
Die Wärmeabfuhr durch die Wasserverdampfung in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Quarzkorn verhindert eine durch eine schockartige Erwärmung der Quarzkörner mögliche Änderung der Kristallmodifikation und einen Kornzerfall.The heat dissipation by the water evaporation in the immediate vicinity of the quartz grain prevents a possible change in the crystal modification and a grain decay due to a shock-like heating of the quartz grains.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es nicht erforderlich, daß der Altsand, der aus beliebigen Gemischen von organisch und anorganisch gebundenen Altsanden bestehen kann, bei seiner Annäßung bzw. seiner Durchtränkung eine sonst für eine Naßregenerierung erforderliche Attritionsstufe durchlaufen muß. Hieraus ergeben sich infolge der vereinfachten Arbeitsweise und der weniger aufwendigen apparativen Ausstattung beachtliche wirtschaftliche Vorteile.In the process according to the invention, it is not necessary that the used sand, which can consist of any mixture of organically and inorganically bound used sands, has to pass through an attraction stage that is otherwise necessary for wet regeneration when it is wetted or soaked. This results in considerable economic advantages due to the simplified method of operation and the less expensive equipment.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es auch nicht erforderlich (auch wenn dieses zumindest in bestimmten Fällen zweckmäßig sein mag) gleichsam in Vorfeld der Aufbereitung für eine grundsätzliche Trennung von organischen und anorganischen Altsanden zu sorgen, wobei es indes regelmäßig zweckmäßig ist, die organischen bzw. anorganischen Altsande im wesentlichen getrennt voneinander aufzubereiten, wenn sie ohnehin getrennt anfallen, wie dieses nicht selten der Fall ist.In the method according to the invention, it is also not necessary (even if this may be expedient at least in certain cases) to ensure, as it were, a fundamental separation of organic and inorganic waste sands in advance, although it is regularly advisable to use the organic or inorganic ones Processing used sands essentially separately from one another, if they occur separately anyway, as is often the case.
Es hat sich in der Regel als höchst zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn dem Wasser Mittel zur Senkung seiner Oberflächenspannung zugegeben werden, so daß die Poren zumindest im wesentlichen mit Wasser gefüllt sind, um den oben dargelegten Effekt und damit letztlich die gesamte Altsandaufbereitung und die Qualität des Regenerates zu optimieren.It has generally proven to be extremely useful if means for lowering its surface tension are added to the water, so that the pores are at least substantially filled with water, in order to achieve the effect set out above, and thus ultimately the entire processing of used sand and the quality of the regenerate to optimize.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist aber nicht allein unter technischen, sondern auch unter wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten höchst befriedigend, zumal die erhitzte Wirbeischicht auch ihrerseits aus Sand (ggf. also auch aus bereits aufbereitetem Altsand) bestehen kann.However, the process according to the invention is highly satisfactory not only from a technical but also from an economic point of view, especially since the heated fluidized bed can itself consist of sand (possibly also of already processed used sand).
Um für den erstrebten Effekt eine Wirbelschicht mit ausreichender Wärmekapazität zur Verfügung zu haben, kann das Verhältnis der Wirbelschicht-Sandmenge zur pro min zugeführten feuchten Altsandmenge im Bereich von ca. 50 bis 100 gewählt werden.In order to have a fluidized bed with sufficient heat capacity available for the desired effect, the ratio of the amount of fluidized bed sand to the amount of moist used sand supplied per minute can be selected in the range from approximately 50 to 100.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Wirbeischicht höchst bevorzugt von oben beheizt, und zwar vorzugsweise mit Hochgeschwindigkeitsbrennern, wobei sich als Zusatzbrennstoff (über die in dem Altsand bereits enthaltenen Brennstoffanteile hinaus) gasförmige Brennstoffe als besonders zweckmäßig erwiesen haben.According to the invention, the fluidized bed is most preferably heated from above, preferably with high-speed burners, gaseous fuels having proven to be particularly useful as the additional fuel (in addition to the fuel components already contained in the used sand).
Um die vorstehend erläuterten Effekte zu erzielen, kann die Wirbelschicht bevorzugt auf einer Beharrungstemperatur von ca. 750 bis 950° C gehalten werden.In order to achieve the effects explained above, the fluidized bed can preferably be kept at a steady temperature of approximately 750 to 950 ° C.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung kann die Verweilzeit des aufzubereitenden Altsandes in der Wirbelschicht abhängig von dessen Beschaffenheit eingestellt werden. Auf diese Weise ist ein vollständiger Ausbrand organischer Substanzen sicherzustellen.According to a further preferred embodiment, the dwell time of the used sand to be processed in the fluidized bed can be adjusted depending on its nature. In this way, a complete burnout of organic substances is to be ensured.
Um die Befeuchtung des aufzubereitenden Altsandes zu intensivieren bzw. zu beschleunigen, kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn der zu befeuchtende, aufzubereitende Altsand in einem Vakuum durchfeuchtet wird.In order to intensify or accelerate the moistening of the old sand to be treated, it can be advantageous if the old sand to be humidified and to be treated is moistened in a vacuum.
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zeichnung weiter erläutert.The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt in einer schematischen Darstellung einen Bunker 1, in dem der Altsand, bei dem es sich regelmäßig um ein Gemisch aus anorganischen und organischem Altsand handelt, gesammelt wird. Der aufzubereitende Altsand wird aus dem Bunker 1 einer Altsandvorbereitung 2 (bestehend aus einem Magnetabscheider zum Abscheiden von Fe-Teilen, einem Knollenzerkleinerer und einer Absiebung) zugeführt und gelangt von dort in einen Zwischenbunker 3.The drawing shows a schematic representation of a bunker 1 in which the used sand, which is regularly a mixture of inorganic and organic used sand, is collected. The used sand to be processed is fed from the bunker 1 to a used sand preparation 2 (consisting of a magnetic separator for separating Fe parts, a tuber shredder and a sieve) and from there it arrives in an intermediate bunker 3.
Aus dem Zwischenbunker 3 wird der vorbereitete Altsand mittels einer Dosiereinrichtung 4 einem Mischer 5 zugeführt, in den ebenfalls dosiert Wasser 6 und oberflächenspannungsmindernde Mittel zugegeben werden. Das Wasser wird mittels Abwärme auf max. 95°C aufgeheizt.From the intermediate bunker 3, the prepared used sand is fed by means of a metering device 4 to a mixer 5, into which water 6 and agents which reduce the surface tension are also added. The water is heated to max. 95 ° C heated.
Der feuchte Sand wird in einem Konditionierer 7 umgewälzt bis die eine völlige Durchfeuchtung der Poren der Kornschalen erreicht ist und gelangt danach dosiert in einen Wirbelschichtofen 8.The moist sand is circulated in a conditioner 7 until the pores of the grain shells are completely moistened is reached and then metered into a fluidized
Infolge des außerordentlich raschen Wärmeübergangs (und der guten Vermischung in der Wirbelschicht) wird der aufzubereitende nasse Altsand schlagartig auf eine Betriebstemperatur von 800 bis 850° erwärmt, wobei die oben bereits beschriebene Dampfbildung die Schamotteschalen von den Quarzkörnern abgesprengt bzw. zumindest ganz erheblich lockert und organische Schadstoffe vollständig verbrennen.As a result of the extraordinarily rapid heat transfer (and the good mixing in the fluidized bed), the wet old sand to be treated is suddenly heated to an operating temperature of 800 to 850 °, whereby the steam formation described above blows the fireclay shells off the quartz grains or at least considerably loosens them and organic Burn pollutants completely.
Das Ofenabgas wird in einem Wärmetauscher 11 unter Vorwärmung der Wirbelluft gekühlt.The furnace exhaust gas is cooled in a
Zur Kühlung des Ofenaustrags passiert dieser zunächst einen Wirbelschichtkühler 12, in dem das für die Tränkung erforderliche Wasser auf 70 bis 95° C vorgewärmt wird und die fühlbare Wärme des Sandes in Form von Dampf oder Heißwasser zurückgewonnen wird.To cool the furnace discharge, it first passes through a fluidized bed cooler 12, in which the water required for the impregnation is preheated to 70 to 95 ° C. and the sensible heat of the sand is recovered in the form of steam or hot water.
Eine abschließende Behandlung des erhaltenen Regenerats erfolgt in einer pneumatischen Reinigungseinrichtung 13 sowie einer Fraktionierung in (wenigstens) zwei Körnungen ("grob" und "fein"). Der aufbereitete Altsand ist universell wiederverwendbar, wobei die Körnung des aus dem aufbereiteten Altsand zu bildenden Neusandes (ggf. unter gewissem Zusatz von Neusand) durch Dosierung aus den einzelnen Fraktionen erfolgen kann, um einen Altsand mit vorgegebener mittlerer Körnung bzw. einem bestimmten Kornband zu erhalten.A final treatment of the regenerate obtained takes place in a
Nach Kühlung und pneumatischer Reinigung des aufbereiteten Sandes fallen Regenerat und Filterstaub an. Der Filterstaub ist schadstoffrei und kann unbedenklich deponiert bzw. einer Verwendung bspw. als Bau- oder Zuschlagstoff zugeführt werden.After cooling and pneumatic cleaning of the processed sand, regenerate and filter dust are generated. The filter dust is free of pollutants and can be safely deposited or used, for example, as a building material or aggregate.
Claims (10)
- A method of regenerating used foundry sand consisting of quartz grains having a shell made up mainly of inorganic and/or organic binders from the original moulding sand, wherein the grain shells of the used sand, which is in a fluidised bed, are removed from the quartz grains by shock heating, characterised in that the used sand for processing is first impregnated with water sufficiently for the pores of the shells to fill substantially with water, after which the impregnated used sand is brought into a heated fluidised bed and as a result of the shock heating of the used sand the water in the pores of the shells spontaneously evaporates and the shells, owing to the resulting increase in the volume of water, burst or are so loosened from the quartz grains that they drop off them into the fluidised bed.
- A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the heated fluidised bed is of sand.
- A method according to claim 2, characterised in that the ratio of the sand in the fluidised bed to the amount of wet used sand supplied per minute is about 50 - 100.
- A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that if the used sand containing grain shells formed from inorganic binders is already separate from the used sand containing shells consisting of organic binders, the two are introduced separately into the fluidised bed, in which case only the used sand containing grain shells consisting of inorganic binders is previously impregnated with water.
- A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the water for impregnating the used sand is preheated to 70 - 95°C.
- A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that surface tension reducing agents are added to the water.
- A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fluidised bed is heated from above.
- A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fluidised bed is maintained at a steady temperature of about 750 - 950°C.
- A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the residence time of the used sand for processing in the fluidised bed is adjustable.
- A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the used sand for processing is impregnated with water in a vacuum.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES91250173T ES2100205T3 (en) | 1991-06-29 | 1991-06-29 | PROCEDURE FOR REGENERATING USED FOUNDRY SAND. |
EP19910250173 EP0521201B1 (en) | 1991-06-29 | 1991-06-29 | Process for reclaiming used foundry sand |
DE59108648T DE59108648D1 (en) | 1991-06-29 | 1991-06-29 | Process for regenerating old foundry sand |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910250173 EP0521201B1 (en) | 1991-06-29 | 1991-06-29 | Process for reclaiming used foundry sand |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0521201A1 EP0521201A1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
EP0521201B1 true EP0521201B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
Family
ID=8208136
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910250173 Expired - Lifetime EP0521201B1 (en) | 1991-06-29 | 1991-06-29 | Process for reclaiming used foundry sand |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0521201B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59108648D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2100205T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007008104A1 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2008-08-21 | Daimler Ag | Process to regenerate sand pre-used in a metal casting process by burning and washing out organic and inorganic residues |
CN109482809A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 大连汇隆活塞股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method of waste and old waterglass chrome ore |
DE102020004563A1 (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-03 | Joachim Ernstberger | Process for tempering and simultaneous dedusting of core sands |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1050209A (en) * | 1974-12-16 | 1979-03-13 | Julius M. Bleuenstein | Sand reclamation and purification |
CH640159A5 (en) * | 1979-06-06 | 1983-12-30 | Foundry Design Corp Europ | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MOLDING, WET SANDING AND CLEANING CASTING PIECES. |
DE3639634A1 (en) * | 1986-11-24 | 1988-07-21 | Klein Alb Gmbh Co Kg | Method and apparatus for the regeneration of foundry sand |
DE3825361A1 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-08 | Hermann Jacob | Method and installation for regenerating mixtures of used foundry sand |
-
1991
- 1991-06-29 DE DE59108648T patent/DE59108648D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-29 EP EP19910250173 patent/EP0521201B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-29 ES ES91250173T patent/ES2100205T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59108648D1 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
ES2100205T3 (en) | 1997-06-16 |
EP0521201A1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
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