EP0497438A1 - Method and device to hydraulically expand tubular hollow profiles - Google Patents

Method and device to hydraulically expand tubular hollow profiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0497438A1
EP0497438A1 EP92250022A EP92250022A EP0497438A1 EP 0497438 A1 EP0497438 A1 EP 0497438A1 EP 92250022 A EP92250022 A EP 92250022A EP 92250022 A EP92250022 A EP 92250022A EP 0497438 A1 EP0497438 A1 EP 0497438A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
internal pressure
piston
expansion
expanded
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Granted
Application number
EP92250022A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0497438B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Janssen
Friedrich Stiehle
Gerd Vogt
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/047—Mould construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
    • B21D53/90—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards axle-housings

Definitions

  • EP 0 372 360 discloses a method for producing tubular components, in which the difficulties described are avoided by mechanically deforming critical local deformations (small radii, unfavorable profile), for example with the aid of plungers. This allows the actual hydraulic forming to be carried out The extent to which an uncontrolled bulging cannot be expected. In order to support the desired uniform shaping, it is also proposed to apply the maximum internal pressure gradually. Since in many cases, because of the inaccessibility of the hollow profile, forming tools for the additional mechanical expansion cannot be arranged, the proposed method is not suitable for expanding elongated pipes with a large forming ratio.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for the hydraulic expansion of tubular elongated hollow profiles, with which, without an additional or additional mechanical expansion, degrees of deformation of more than 15% can be achieved without material damage.
  • the outer support is not fixed to a predetermined end position, but is continuously moved away in a controlled manner.
  • the material is constantly in contact with the support and the internal pressure is kept at the level required for further flow.
  • a split die which is known per se, is used for carrying out the method, each shaped element being connected to a piston-cylinder unit which can be controlled as a function of the path.
  • the die is placed on the initial shape of the area of the hollow profile to be formed.
  • the die is opened and each form element is controlled depending on the path in such a way that the length and circumference of the hollow profile is uniform in every phase Expansion is achieved.
  • This method has the advantage that degrees of deformation of more than 15% can be achieved without additional mechanical expansion.
  • Another advantage of the method is that not only symmetrical but also asymmetrical expansions are possible. This can be achieved by making the degree of movement of the shaped elements of the die different in order to widen a predetermined position.
  • the adjustment path of the die can be increased by carrying out a first uncritical expansion step with the die open and only then placing the die on the pre-expanded hollow profile.
  • the further expansion process up to the predetermined end position takes place in the manner already described above.
  • the advantage of the proposed method is the fact that an uncontrolled bulge (balloon effect) is prevented. In contrast to the usual free deformation, in this method the deformation is not carried out directly by the internal pressure, but by the support moving away.
  • Fig. 1 the production of an axle box is shown as an example.
  • the starting product is a seamless or welded circular tube 1, which is to be expanded into a boiler 2 in a predetermined area.
  • the tube 1 is supported by a mold 3 which is firmly attached during the expansion process abuts the outer surface of the tube 1.
  • the tube 1 is encompassed, for example, by four shaped parts 5 arranged on the circumference.
  • the number of molded parts 5 forming the die may be smaller or larger, and the molded parts need not necessarily be of the same design and have the same circumferential extent.
  • a piston-cylinder unit 4 which can be controlled as a function of the path is arranged on each molded part 5.
  • a displacement sensor 6 is arranged on the hydraulic piston 7.
  • the expansion according to the invention takes place in such a way that, before the internal pressure p is applied, the molded parts 5 of the die bear on the outer surface of the area of the original tube 1 to be formed. Thereafter, the internal pressure p is increased continuously or stepwise to a value which is close to the flow limit for the material of the tube 1 used.
  • the piston-cylinder units 4 are simultaneously raised at the same time. This continues until the predetermined end position of the expansion has been reached in the area to be formed if the material continues to flow.
  • the control of the piston-cylinder units 4 can be further improved in this way if the internal pressure p is detected with the aid of a pressure sensor (not shown here) and this is given to a control circuit together with the piston travel detected by the displacement sensor 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for hydraulically expanding tubular hollow profiles (1) at certain locations or certain sections, in which, after sealing off the open ends, internal pressure is applied hydraulically and the material of the region to be expanded is pressed against a support (5) surrounding the hollow profile. To improve such a method and such a device, with which degrees of deformation of more than 15% can be achieved without damaging the material and without any need for additional or supplementary mechanical expansion, it is proposed that, once the flow limit of the material has been exceeded, the support is continuously moved away in a controlled manner with the material (1) constantly in contact with the support (5) and with the internal pressure required for further flowing being maintained, until the predetermined end position is reached. <IMAGE>

Description

Im Automobilbau stellt sich häufig die Aufgabe, aus Hohlprofilen Teile herzustellen, deren Querschnitte über der Länge variieren. Es ist bekannt, dazu das Verfahren des hydraulischen Aufweitens zu benutzen (Industrieanzeiger 88 (1966) Nr. 48 (17.06.), Seiten 137 - 140). Bei der Durchführung ergibt sich das Problem, daß in einigen Fällen die Aufweitung ungleichmäßig erfolgt oder gar zum lokalen Bersten führt. Ursache hierfür können die Geometrie des Profiles, ungleichmäßige Wanddicken oder Streckgrenzen über dem Umfang oder örtliche Reibung an der äußeren Abstützung sein, die dazu führen, daß örtliche Ausbeulungen entstehen, wodurch wiederum durch den Innendruck lokale höhere Beanspruchungen entstehen, bis schließlich Platzen des rohrförmigen Hohlprofils eintritt.In automotive engineering, the task often arises of producing parts from hollow profiles whose cross sections vary over their length. It is known to use the hydraulic expansion method for this (Industrieanzeiger 88 (1966) No. 48 (June 17), pages 137-140). When it is carried out, the problem arises that in some cases the expansion takes place unevenly or even leads to local bursting. The reason for this can be the geometry of the profile, uneven wall thicknesses or yield limits over the circumference or local friction on the outer support, which can lead to local bulges, which in turn results in higher local loads due to the internal pressure until the tubular hollow profile finally bursts .

Aus der EP 0 372 360 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von rohrartigen Bauteilen bekannt geworden, bei dem die geschilderten Schwierigkeiten in der Weise umgangen werden, indem man kritische lokale Umformungen (kleine Radien, ungünstiges Profil) mechanisch verformt z.B. mit Hilfe von Stößeln. Dadurch kann die eigentliche hydraulische Umformung auf ein Maß begrenzt werden, das ein unkontrolliertes Ausbeulen nicht erwarten läßt. Zur Unterstützung der angestrebten gleichmäßigen Umformung wird außerdem vorgeschlagen, den maximalen Innendruck stufenweise steigend aufzubringen. Da in vielen Fällen wegen der Unzugänglichkeit des Hohlprofiles Umformwerkzeuge für die ergänzende mechanische Aufweitung nicht angeordnet werden können, ist das vorgeschlagene Verfahren nicht geeignet für Aufweitungen von langgestreckten Rohren mit einem großen Umformverhältnis.EP 0 372 360 discloses a method for producing tubular components, in which the difficulties described are avoided by mechanically deforming critical local deformations (small radii, unfavorable profile), for example with the aid of plungers. This allows the actual hydraulic forming to be carried out The extent to which an uncontrolled bulging cannot be expected. In order to support the desired uniform shaping, it is also proposed to apply the maximum internal pressure gradually. Since in many cases, because of the inaccessibility of the hollow profile, forming tools for the additional mechanical expansion cannot be arranged, the proposed method is not suitable for expanding elongated pipes with a large forming ratio.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein verbessertes Verfahren zum hydraulischen Aufweiten von rohrförmigen langgestreckten Hohlprofilen anzugeben, mit dem unter Verzicht einer zusätzlichen bzw. ergänzenden mechanischen Aufweitung Umformgrade von mehr als 15 % ohne Materialschädigung erreicht werden können.The object of the invention is to provide an improved method for the hydraulic expansion of tubular elongated hollow profiles, with which, without an additional or additional mechanical expansion, degrees of deformation of more than 15% can be achieved without material damage.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem kennzeichnenden Merkmal des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Außerdem wird in einem der Unteransprüche eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens angegeben.This object is achieved with the characterizing feature of claim 1. In addition, an apparatus for performing the method is specified in one of the subclaims.

Im Unterschied zum bekannten Stand der Technik wird die äußere Abstützung nicht auf eine vorgegebene Endstellung fixiert, sondern kontinuierlich kontrolliert wegbewegt. Dabei liegt das Material ständig an der Abstützung an und der Innendruck wird auf der Höhe gehalten, der für das weitere Fließen erforderlich ist. Für die Durchführung des Verfahrens wird eine an sich bekannte geteilte Matrize verwendet, wobei jedes Formelement mit einer wegabhängig steuerbaren Kolben-Zylindereinheit verbunden ist. Zu Beginn des Aufweitvorganges wird die Matrize an die Ausgangsform des umzuformenden Bereiches des Hohlprofiles angelegt. Nach Erreichen der Fließgrenze des Materials durch ständig steigende Erhöhung des Innendruckes wird die Matrize geöffnet und jedes Formelement wegabhängig so gesteuert, daß über die Länge und den Umfang des Hohlprofiles in jeder Phase eine gleichmäßige Aufweitung erreicht wird. Dieses Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß ohne eine ergänzende mechanische Aufweitung Umformgrade von mehr als 15 % erreichbar sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, daß nicht nur symmetrische sondern auch assymetrische Aufweitungen möglich sind. Dies kann man in der Weise realisieren, indem man den Grad des sich Wegbewegens der Formelemente der Matrize unterschiedlich macht, um eine vorgegebene Stelle verstärkt aufzuweiten. Der Verstellweg der Matrize kann man in der Weise erhöhen, indem man einen ersten unkritischen Aufweiteschritt bei geöffneter Matrize durchführt und dann erst die Matrize an das voraufgeweitete Hohlprofil anlegt. Der weitere Aufweitvorgang bis zur vorgegebenen Endstellung erfolgt in der bereits zuvor beschriebenen Weise. Der Vorteil des vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, daß eine unkontrollierte Ausbeulung (Luftballon-Effekt) verhindert wird. Im Unterschied zu der üblichen freien Verformung, erfolgt bei diesem Verfahren die Umformung nicht unmittelbar durch den Innendruck, sondern durch die sich wegbewegende Abstützung.In contrast to the known prior art, the outer support is not fixed to a predetermined end position, but is continuously moved away in a controlled manner. The material is constantly in contact with the support and the internal pressure is kept at the level required for further flow. A split die, which is known per se, is used for carrying out the method, each shaped element being connected to a piston-cylinder unit which can be controlled as a function of the path. At the beginning of the expansion process, the die is placed on the initial shape of the area of the hollow profile to be formed. After the flow limit of the material has been reached by continuously increasing the internal pressure, the die is opened and each form element is controlled depending on the path in such a way that the length and circumference of the hollow profile is uniform in every phase Expansion is achieved. This method has the advantage that degrees of deformation of more than 15% can be achieved without additional mechanical expansion. Another advantage of the method is that not only symmetrical but also asymmetrical expansions are possible. This can be achieved by making the degree of movement of the shaped elements of the die different in order to widen a predetermined position. The adjustment path of the die can be increased by carrying out a first uncritical expansion step with the die open and only then placing the die on the pre-expanded hollow profile. The further expansion process up to the predetermined end position takes place in the manner already described above. The advantage of the proposed method is the fact that an uncontrolled bulge (balloon effect) is prevented. In contrast to the usual free deformation, in this method the deformation is not carried out directly by the internal pressure, but by the support moving away.

In der Zeichnung wird anhand eines Beispieles das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren näher erlautert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,
  • Figur 2 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie A-A in Figur 1.
In the drawing, the method according to the invention is explained in more detail using an example. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section along the line AA in FIG. 1.

In Fig. 1 ist beispielhaft die Herstellung eines Achskessels dargestellt. Das Ausgangsprodukt ist ein nahtloses oder geschweißtes kreisrundes Rohr 1, das in einem vorgegebenen Bereich zu einem Kessel 2 aufgeweitet werden soll. Im nicht aufzuweitenden Teil wird das Rohr 1 durch eine Form 3 gestützt, die während des Aufweitevorganges fest an der Außenoberfläche des Rohres 1 anliegt. Im aufzuweitenden Bereich wird das Rohr 1 beispielsweise durch vier am Umfang angeordnete Formteile 5 umfaßt. Die Anzahl der die Matrize bildenden Formteile 5 kann geringer oder größer sein und die Formteile müssen auch nicht zwangsläufig gleichgestaltet sein und eine gleiche Umfangserstreckung aufweisen. An jedem Formteil 5 ist eine wegabhängig steuerbare Kolben-Zylindereinheit 4 angeordnet. Zur Regelung der Bewegung der Formteile 5 ist am Hydraulikkolben 7 ein Weggeber 6 angeordnet. Die erfindungsgemäße Aufweitung läuft in der Weise ab, daß vor dem Aufbringen des Innendruckes p die Formteile 5 der Matrize an der Außenoberfläche des umzuformenden Bereiches des ursprünglichen Rohres 1 anliegen. Danach wird der Innendruck p kontinuierlich oder stufenweise auf einen Wert gesteigert, der in der Nähe der Fließgrenze für das verwendete Material des Rohres 1 liegt.In Fig. 1, the production of an axle box is shown as an example. The starting product is a seamless or welded circular tube 1, which is to be expanded into a boiler 2 in a predetermined area. In the part not to be expanded, the tube 1 is supported by a mold 3 which is firmly attached during the expansion process abuts the outer surface of the tube 1. In the area to be expanded, the tube 1 is encompassed, for example, by four shaped parts 5 arranged on the circumference. The number of molded parts 5 forming the die may be smaller or larger, and the molded parts need not necessarily be of the same design and have the same circumferential extent. A piston-cylinder unit 4 which can be controlled as a function of the path is arranged on each molded part 5. To control the movement of the molded parts 5, a displacement sensor 6 is arranged on the hydraulic piston 7. The expansion according to the invention takes place in such a way that, before the internal pressure p is applied, the molded parts 5 of the die bear on the outer surface of the area of the original tube 1 to be formed. Thereafter, the internal pressure p is increased continuously or stepwise to a value which is close to the flow limit for the material of the tube 1 used.

Entsprechend der weiteren Zunahme des Innendruckes p über die Fließgrenze hinaus werden die Kolben-Zylindereinheiten 4 gleichzeitig kontinuierlich aufgefahren. Dieses wird so lange fortgesetzt, bis bei ständigem Nachfließen des Materials im umzuformenden Bereich die vorgegebene Endstellung der Aufweitung erreicht ist.In accordance with the further increase in the internal pressure p beyond the flow limit, the piston-cylinder units 4 are simultaneously raised at the same time. This continues until the predetermined end position of the expansion has been reached in the area to be formed if the material continues to flow.

Die Ansteuerung der Kolben-Zylindereinheiten 4 kann man in der Weise noch verbessern, wenn man mit Hilfe eines Drucksensors (hier nicht dargestellt) den Innendruck p erfaßt und diesen zusammen mit dem vom Weggeber 6 erfaßten Kolbenweg auf einen Regelkreis gibt.The control of the piston-cylinder units 4 can be further improved in this way if the internal pressure p is detected with the aid of a pressure sensor (not shown here) and this is given to a control circuit together with the piston travel detected by the displacement sensor 6.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zum örtlichen oder abschnittsweisen hydraulischen Aufweiten von rohrförmigen Hohlprofilen, bei dem nach dem Abdichten der offenen Enden hydraulisch Innendruck aufgebracht und das Material des aufzuweitenden Bereiches gegen eine das Hohlprofil umgebende Abstützung gepreßt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß nach Überschreiten der Fließgrenze des Materiales die Abstützung kontinuierlich so lange kontrolliert wegbewegt wird bei ständiger Anlage des Materials an der Abstützung und unter Aufrechterhaltung des für das weitere Fließen erforderlichen Innendruckes, bis die vorgegebene Endstellung erreicht ist.Process for the local or section-wise hydraulic expansion of tubular hollow profiles, in which, after the open ends have been sealed, hydraulic internal pressure is applied and the material of the area to be expanded is pressed against a support surrounding the hollow profile,
characterized,
that after the flow limit of the material has been exceeded, the support is continuously moved away in a controlled manner for as long as the material is in constant contact with the support and while maintaining the internal pressure required for further flow until the predetermined end position is reached. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zuerst eine unkritische Aufweitung ohne Abstützung erfolgt und danach die Abstützung an den voraufgeweiteten Bereich des Hohlprofiles angelegt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that first an uncritical expansion takes place without support and then the support is applied to the pre-expanded area of the hollow profile. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Voraufweitung max. 15 % beträgt.Method according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the pre-expansion max. Is 15%. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3 mit einer geteilten Matrize, deren einzelne Formelemente bewegbar sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jedes Formelement (5) mit einer wegabhängig steuerbaren Kolben-Zylindereinheit (4) verbunden ist.Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 3 with a divided die, the individual shaped elements of which can be moved,
characterized,
that each shaped element (5) is connected to a piston-cylinder unit (4) which can be controlled as a function of travel. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Kolben-Zylindereinheiten (4) regelungstechnisch miteinander verbunden sind.Device according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the piston-cylinder units (4) are connected to one another in terms of control technology. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jede Kolben-Zylindereinheit (4) einzeln ansteuerbar ist.Device according to claim 4,
characterized,
that each piston-cylinder unit (4) can be controlled individually. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 4 - 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet ,
daß die Erfassung des Innendruckes p und des Weges der Kolben-Zylindereinheiten (4) Bestandteil eines Regelkreises sind.Device according to claims 4-6,
characterized in
that the detection of the internal pressure p and the path of the piston-cylinder units (4) are part of a control loop.
EP92250022A 1991-01-28 1992-01-28 Method and device to hydraulically expand tubular hollow profiles Revoked EP0497438B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4102763 1991-01-28
DE4102763 1991-01-28
DE4201819A DE4201819A1 (en) 1991-01-28 1992-01-21 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE HYDRAULIC EXPANSION OF TUBULAR HOLLOW PROFILES
DE4201819 1992-01-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0497438A1 true EP0497438A1 (en) 1992-08-05
EP0497438B1 EP0497438B1 (en) 1994-07-13

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ID=25900633

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92250022A Revoked EP0497438B1 (en) 1991-01-28 1992-01-28 Method and device to hydraulically expand tubular hollow profiles

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0497438B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4201819A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2056688T3 (en)

Cited By (13)

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EP0548859A1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of making support elements for vehicles
FR2703606A1 (en) * 1993-04-10 1994-10-14 Gkn Automotive Ag Method of manufacturing hollow shafts having a profile
WO1995012466A1 (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-11 Friedrich Klaas Process for forming hollow stepped shafts of cold-formable metal by internal high pressure
EP0770435A1 (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-05-02 Benteler Ag Method for making a construction part and axle support
WO1998046382A1 (en) * 1997-04-16 1998-10-22 Cosma International Inc. High pressure hydroforming press
US5850695A (en) * 1993-11-26 1998-12-22 Cosma International Inc. One-piece hollow camshafts and process for producing same
US6041633A (en) * 1997-02-12 2000-03-28 Anton Bauer Werkzeug- Und Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Forming apparatus
EP1010480A1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-06-21 Tubes et Formes Method and device for producing an inclined branch-pipe in a metallic pipe by hydroforming
EP1197274A1 (en) * 1997-04-16 2002-04-17 Cosma International Inc. High pressure hydroforming press
EP1216769A3 (en) * 2000-12-23 2003-11-19 DaimlerChrysler AG Method and apparatus for making a closed hollow section
EP2030701A1 (en) * 2007-08-25 2009-03-04 IFUTEC Ingenieurbüro für Umformtechnik GmbH Tool and method for producing a hollow body
CN102886427A (en) * 2012-09-24 2013-01-23 重庆科技学院 Integral compound bulging process for automotive driving axle
RU2786562C1 (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-12-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тульский государственный университет" (ТулГУ) Apparatus for producing corrugations on the outer surface of a cylindrical shell

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DE4232161A1 (en) * 1992-09-25 1994-03-31 Audi Ag Process for producing a hollow body
DE4337242A1 (en) * 1993-10-30 1995-05-04 Opel Adam Ag Welded motor vehicle rear axle
DE19513444C2 (en) * 1995-04-13 1999-12-23 Konrad Schnupp Device for hydromechanical forming
DE19719628C2 (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-07-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Process and device for producing bulged hollow profiles
WO1999020414A1 (en) 1997-10-20 1999-04-29 Josef Worringer Method for producing a shaft from a tube piece, and a device for manufacturing said shaft in addition to a cam shaft which is produced from a tube piece
DE19756673A1 (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Josef Worringer Device for producing shaft from tube piece
DE202017106654U1 (en) 2017-11-03 2018-01-11 Wvl-Werkzeug- Und Vorrichtungsbau Lichtenstein Gmbh Shaping system of a hydroforming forming tool

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US4262517A (en) * 1978-08-07 1981-04-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of correcting distorted pipe end

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0548859A1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of making support elements for vehicles
US5802899A (en) * 1993-03-11 1998-09-08 Friedrich Klaas Method for internal high-pressure deforming of hollow offset shafts made of cold-deformable metal
FR2703606A1 (en) * 1993-04-10 1994-10-14 Gkn Automotive Ag Method of manufacturing hollow shafts having a profile
WO1995012466A1 (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-11 Friedrich Klaas Process for forming hollow stepped shafts of cold-formable metal by internal high pressure
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DE4201819A1 (en) 1992-07-30
DE59200269D1 (en) 1994-08-18
ES2056688T3 (en) 1994-10-01
EP0497438B1 (en) 1994-07-13

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