Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A43—FOOTWEAR
  • A43C—FASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
  • A43C15/00—Non-skid devices or attachments
  • A43C15/16—Studs or cleats for football or like boots
  • A43C15/162—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape
  • A43C15/164—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape having a circular cross section
  • A43C15/165—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape having a circular cross section pointed or conical, e.g. calks, spikes, pins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A43—FOOTWEAR
  • A43C—FASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
  • A43C15/00—Non-skid devices or attachments
  • A43C15/16—Studs or cleats for football or like boots

Definitions

• This invention relates to footwear of the kind adapted to have ground-engaging studs releasably attached to it. Footwear of that kind is often worn by people pursuing sports or games.
• the studs are generally intended to improve the grip of the footwear on the ground, and they may be of a wide variety of shapes. They may, for example be relatively blunt, with flat or rounded ends or more sharp, like spikes. For convenience of description, however, they will hereinafter be referred to generically as studs.
• Detachable and replaceable studs are usually provided with spigots which are formed with external screw-threads. Each spigot can be screwed into a socket, in the underside of an article of footwear, formed with an internal screw-thread of complementary form.
• ⁇ _ It is highly desirable that once a stud is fully screwed into a socket it remains securely in place until such time as it is deliberately unscrewed, as for repair or replacement. If a stud does become loose it projects further from the socket than is intended with the result that the likelihood of it inadvertently striking some obstruction is increased, and the likelihood of it adversely affecting the stance of a user is also increased.
• An article of studded footwear may well have a relatively large number of sockets, each engaged by an associated stud.
• a man's golf shoe may well have thirteen sockets and studs, so that a pair of such shoes has twenty-six sockets and studs. While the chances of any one socket being damaged during the life of an article of footwear may be relatively small (say 1 in x) , the chances of any one socket in the whole set of sockets (say n in number) in a pair of shoes being damaged is much greater, being the product of those two (i.e. 1 in nx) . It will be appreciated that if a single socket in a pair of shoes or other articles of footwear is damaged or broken it may well be necessary to replace the pair altogether. These considerations, then, highlight the desirability of each stud be.ing securely maintained in place when it has been screwed into its associated socket.
• British patent No. 2 163 037 describes and illustrates a retaining formation which both protects the socket and helps to reduce the likelihood of a stud becoming unscrewed
• British patent application No. 8805473 Publication No. 2 202 9166 describes and illustrates an arrangement of interengaging teeth or a stud and socket for the same purpose.
• the present invention consists in a stud for use with an article of studded footwear having an internally screw-threaded socket, the s ud having a spigot provided with an external screw-thread complementary to an internal screw-thread of the socket, the screw-thread of the spigot being a two-start or other multi-start thread, and the stud being adapted to be engaged with the article of footwear by insertion of the spigot into the socket and the rotation of the spigot relative to the socket by no more than one and a half turns (540°) from the start of mutual engagement of the threads.
• the present invention consists in an internally screw-threaded socket for incorporation in an article of studded footwear, the socket having an internal screw-thread which is of a two-start or other multi-start thread form and is adapted for use with a stud for the article of footwear having a spigot with an external screw-thread of complementary two-start or other multi-start thread form, the multi-start screw-thread in the socket being such that the stud can be fully engaged with the socket by insertion of the spigot into the socket accompanied by rotation of the spigot relative to the socket through no more than one and a half turns (540°) from the start of mutual engagement of the threads.
• the present invention consists in a stud according to the first aspect of the present invention in combination with a complementary socket in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention.
• the present invention consists in an article of footwear incorporating at least one socket in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention.
• an article of footwear in accordance with the third aspect of the present invention is characterised in that the socket or each such socket is provided with a complementary stud in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention.
• a two-start thread is often preferred but it may sometimes be desirable to use a three-start thread or a thread with yet more starts.
• said rotation of the spigot relative to the socket is no more than one and a quarter turns
• a particularly preferred rotation being substantially a single turn (360°) from the start of mutual engagement of the threads.
• the arrangement is usually such that a torque is applied to the stud to rotate it relative to the socket and that rotation of the stud continues until a strong resistance to further rotation is encountered.
• This may be caused by the engagement between complementary abutment faces on the stud arid socket or by the engagement between an abutment face on the stud and a complementary abutment face on the article of footwear.
• the mutually abutting faces of the screw-threads may be brought into tight engagement with each other, and the resultant frictional forces tend to resist or assist in resisting the unscrewing of the spigot.
• a spanner-like hand tool may be used to apply an increased torque during the final stages of such engagement.
• the screw-threads presenting one or both of the abutment faces are made of a plastics material, there is a tendency for the threads to yield slightly, which enhances the grip between the threads on the spigot and the threads in the socket. It would, nevertheless, be possible to employ metal threads and they may be particularly suitable when threads with three or more starts are used.
• the present invention is, at least in part, based on the discovery or realisation that although the use of a two-start or other multi-start thread of a length such as to require rotation of a spigot through a reduced angle to achieve full engagement of the stud with a socket may lead to a small increase in the helix angle and consequently to some reduction in .the frictional forces resisting unscrewing, any such reduction can be made so small as to be acceptable.
• Retaining means provided to reduce the likelihood of a stud engaged with a socket from becoming unscrewed may comprise teeth for co-operation with complementary teeth provided on the socket; alternatively, or in addition, such retaining means may comprise a retaining ring disposed outwards of the spigot, the retaining ring preventing the outer edge of the socket from expanding outwards.
• each stud would first have to be rotated through a quarter of a turn to bring the threads on the spigot and socket into mutual engagement, and then have to be rotated through a further one and a quarter turns to bring about full engagement.
• the number of turns required to unscrew a set of studs would be reduced from ninety-one (i.e. 3.5 x 26) to thirty two and a half (i.e. 1.25 x 26) .
• the turns required to remove a set of worn studs and replace them with new ones would be reduced from an average of one hundred and ninety five
• Figure 1 shows a stud with a two-start thread embodying the present invention
• Figure 2 shows a feature of detail of the stud of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 shows a socket with a two-start thread embodying the present invention.
• Figures 4 to 6 are drawings from a previously published British patent illustrating retaining means adapted to reduce the likelihood of a stud becoming unscrewed from a complementary socket.
• a stud and socket for a studded sports shoe having sockets and studs generally similar to those described and illustrated in the specification of British patent No. 2 115 683, and differing from them only in that the single-start thread in each socket and on each spigot is now replaced by a two-start thread and in that each stud can be fully engaged with an associated socket by rotation through about one whole turn (360°) from an initial position in which ends of the threads on the spigot and those in the socket are just in mutual engagement.
• FIG 3 illustrates a screw-threaded socket 1 made of a plastics material and adapted to , be incorporated in the sole or heel of a studded shoe
• Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a screw-threaded stud 2 adapted to be engaged with the socket 1.
• the socket 1 has a barrel 3 with an internal screw-thread 4.
• the screw-thread 4 is a two-start screw-thread.
• the stud 2 comprises a support 5 made from a plastics material and a metal pin element 6 permanently secured to the support.
• the pin element 6 has a stem 7 which extends through an axial hole in the support 5.
• the stem has a small flange 8 which abuts the support and at the other end the stem is riveted over, as indicated at 9, after assembly with the support, in order to secure the pin element and the support permanently together.
• the pin element 6 also has a ground-engaging head 10 which projects from the support.
• the support 5 comprises an externally screw-threaded spigot 11, for engaging the thread 4 in the socket, and a radially extending flange 12, for engaging the underside of the sole or heel beyond the socket.
• Recesses 13 in the underside of the flange 12 are adapted to receive pegs of complementary shape on a face-spanner which is used to screw the stud into engagement with the socket and to remove it when required.
• a retaining ring 14 projects upwards from the upper face of the flange 12. It is spaced outward of spigot 11 so as to prevent radially outward expansion of the socket, as described in the specification of British patent No. 2 163 037.
• each spigot and its associated socket are provided with interengaging teeth of the kind described in the specification of British patent application No. 2 202 916, the teeth on the stud preferably being mounted on the retaining ring 14.
• Figure 4 is a drawing from the specification of British patent No. 2 209 916 illustrating a support 15 generally similar to the support 5 and provided with a retaining ring 16 like the ring 14. Teeth 17 project from the ring 16 as shown.
• Figures 5 and 6, which are taken from the same patent specification, show a socket 18, generally similar to the socket 1; the barrel of the socket has teeth 19 of its outer face which in use co-operate with the teeth 17 on the stud, in the manner described.
• FIG. 2 209 916 describes and illustrates a spigot and socket each with a single-start thread.
• Figures 4, 5 and 6 are included in the present specification merely to illustrate the ring 16 and teeth 17 and 19 which could equally well be applied to a stud and socket in accordance with the present invention.
• the arrangement is preferably such that when a sufficiently high torque is applied to the stud to unscrew it from the socket at least some of the teeth on the stud are broken off the stud.
• the teeth on the socket are disposed in two spirals or part-helices parallel with the threads inside the socket, and the teeth on the stud are such that their projecting tips lie on two similar spirals or part-helices, the arrangement being such that as a spigot is being engaged into an associated, socket the teeth on the stud do not touch the teeth on the socket until the stud is almost fully engaged with the socket and must be finally rotated through only a relatively small fraction of a turn before becoming fully engaged with the socket.
• the number of teeth on the stud exceeds the number of teeth on the socket; this is to ensure that when the stud has been fully installed at least some of the teeth on the stud are not being distorted by being in permanent engagement with teeth on the socket.
• the teeth on the studs and sockets are both arranged in two spirals or part-helices, this is no longer necessary, and it is preferred to provide the same number of teeth on the stud as are on the socket. If is often convenient to provide six teeth on the socket and six teeth on the stud, the teeth in each case being uniformly disposed around the axis of the socket or stud.
• the two teeth of each pair of diametrically opposed teeth are of similar shape and disposition.
• the first tooth is relatively short
• the second is of medium length
• the third tooth is relatively long
• the fourth tooth is like the first, the fifth like the second and the sixth like the third.
• each tooth on the stud has a similar tooth diametrically opposite to it and likewise each tooth on the socket has a similar tooth diametrically opposite to it. In this way it does not matter which of the two threads on the spigot engages either of the two threads in the-socket.
• the design of the studs and sockets requires the design of the studs and sockets to be such that a stud can be fully installed by rotation through no more than one and a half complete turns from the start of mutual engagement of the threads, and preferably through about a single turn from the start of mutual engagement of the threads, and as it is desirable for the helix angle to be relatively small so that the frictional forces resisting unscrewing remain relatively high, the total axial length of the spigot and socket can be made relatively small. Indeed, it may well be possible to provide sockets of an axial length less than those provided hitherto; this enables the soles of the articles of footwear in which they are mounted to be of correspondingly reduced thickness.

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• Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10664246

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Families Citing this family (11)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1989
  • 1989-10-07 GB GB898922644A patent/GB8922644D0/en active Pending
• 1990
  • 1990-10-04 EP EP90915168A patent/EP0494937A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-10-04 WO PCT/GB1990/001515 patent/WO1991004685A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-10-04 PT PT95508A patent/PT95508A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-10-04 AU AU65314/90A patent/AU636406B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-10-04 JP JP2514142A patent/JPH05500910A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-10-04 CA CA002067344A patent/CA2067344C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-10-04 KR KR1019920700777A patent/KR0146719B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-10-05 ZA ZA907997A patent/ZA907997B/xx unknown
  • 1990-10-05 IE IE358490A patent/IE903584A1/en unknown
  • 1990-10-06 CN CN90109133A patent/CN1051495A/zh active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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