EP0487963B1 - Tennis racket - Google Patents

Tennis racket Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0487963B1
EP0487963B1 EP91119160A EP91119160A EP0487963B1 EP 0487963 B1 EP0487963 B1 EP 0487963B1 EP 91119160 A EP91119160 A EP 91119160A EP 91119160 A EP91119160 A EP 91119160A EP 0487963 B1 EP0487963 B1 EP 0487963B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
cross
height
head portion
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91119160A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0487963A1 (en
Inventor
Hugo Sol
Isabelle Koeckelberg
Jacques Meertens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CDS-IP, S.A.
Original Assignee
Donnay International SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4037568A external-priority patent/DE4037568A1/en
Priority claimed from DE4116901A external-priority patent/DE4116901A1/en
Application filed by Donnay International SA filed Critical Donnay International SA
Priority to EP95200991A priority Critical patent/EP0671186A1/en
Priority to US07/878,685 priority patent/US5299801A/en
Publication of EP0487963A1 publication Critical patent/EP0487963A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0487963B1 publication Critical patent/EP0487963B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02Frames
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02Frames
    • A63B2049/0207Frames with defined overall length
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02Frames
    • A63B2049/0211Frames with variable thickness of the head in a direction perpendicular to the string plane
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02Frames
    • A63B2049/0212Frames with defined weight
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02Frames
    • A63B2049/0217Frames with variable thickness of the head in the string plane
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/002Resonance frequency related characteristics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/54Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like with means for damping vibrations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tennis racket according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a tennis racket is known from EP-A-0 317 711, the height of the frame decreasing from the connecting arms to the opposite upper end, and the width of the frame being substantially constant in the plane of the stringing.
  • the handle part consists exclusively of a profile around which a band is wrapped.
  • the frame resists the deformations that occur when hitting a ball in the plane of the striker in the best possible way and creates a significant improvement in the reversal of the ball, since less energy is used for the deformation of the head part and therefore more energy for the effectiveness of the Ball reversal, i.e. the return is available.
  • the vibration behavior of the frame of a tennis racket after hitting a tennis ball is mainly through determines the two lowest bending vibrations of a completely free club. These bending vibrations typically occur at two resonance frequencies, the first at approximately 130 Hz to 180 Hz and the second at approximately 350 Hz to 450 Hz.
  • the tennis racket According to the special design of the tennis racket according to the invention, it is possible to distribute the knot lines of these bending vibrations in such a way that the vibrations are minimized, the "sweet-spot" area, comparable to the geometric center of the head part or the strings, is enlarged and a substantial improvement in Effectiveness of reversing the ball is achieved.
  • the racket also contains a yoke part or reinforcing member 7 which integrally connects the connecting arms 6, 6 'and delimits the opening 4 towards the grip part 1.
  • a string 5 is stretched over the opening 4 and is generally in one plane, the individual stringing forming strings run in directions parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry LL and are guided in a conventional manner through bushings or holes provided in the frame of the head part 2 and in the reinforcing member 7.
  • the frame 3 has a profile with the typical cross section shown in FIG.
  • This profile is preferably designed as a tubular, thin-walled, closed profile, the interior of which can be filled with a material that has practically no influence on the mechanical properties of the profile.
  • the axis XX is in the plane and the axis YY is perpendicular to the plane of the stringing.
  • the outer edges of the cross section can be circumscribed by an isosceles triangle, the base of which lies on the string side.
  • the profile includes an inwardly jumping concave portion or groove 8 on the XX axis and on the outside opposite the opening 4 to receive the strings between two passages leading to the opening 4 of the frame 3 (not shown).
  • the wall areas 9 of the profile, the groove 8 with the upper and lower are arranged on the YY axis and connect substantially flat tip areas, inclined at an angle ⁇ between 25 ° and 65 ° and preferably 45 ° to the plane of the stringing.
  • the inside 12 of the profile can be essentially straight at least in its central region and is preferably slightly curved towards the opening 4.
  • the head part 2 of the racket contains a main region 13, which begins at the ends of the connecting arms 6, 6 ′ and extends to the area of the maximum width of the head part 2, and an adjoining end region 14, which extends to the free end 15 of the head part 2 extends.
  • the height H of the frame 3 that is to say the distance between the upper and lower tips 10 and 11 of the cross section perpendicular to the plane of the stringing, or in other words along the YY axis in FIG. 4, is constant or at least essentially constant.
  • the height in the end region 14 of the frame is identical to the height H of the main region 13 of the frame 3, that is to say the height of the frame remains constant between the free end 15 and the connecting arms.
  • the height H of the frame 3 decreases in the end region 14, preferably continuously from the height H of the main region 13 to a minimum height Hm at the free end 15 of the frame 3 on the longitudinal axis LL, namely by values between 50% and 100% of the height H of the frame 3 in the main area 13.
  • An advantage of the second embodiment is that the outer circumference of the profile is constant along the entire frame 3. This greatly facilitates the manufacture of the frame 3.
  • the length of the main region 13 of the head part 2, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis LL, is preferably between 1/4 and 1/3 of the total length of the racket.
  • the characteristic cross sections create a high degree of rigidity against bending inside and outside the racket plane, and the special geometry of the cross sections for the head part allows a considerable reduction in the wall thickness of the cross section, which leads to the weight reduction mentioned above. It is important that these cross sections can also increase the torsional moment of inertia for a lower mass.
  • the height H1 of the core 16 of the handle part 1 is essentially constant over its main length and lies in the range between 40% and 70% of the height H of the frame 3 in the main area 13 of the head part 2.
  • the height H6 of the profile in the connecting arms 6, 6 ' varies, preferably also continuously, from the height H of the frame 3 in the main region 13 of the head part 2 to the height H1 of the core 16 of the handle part 1.
  • the cross section of the core 16 is preferably rectangular, the long sides running parallel to the stringing plane.
  • the height of the core 16 must be kept sufficiently small since the rigidity against bending out of the plane in the base zone 26 must be very small.
  • the height of the core 16 can increase continuously in the transition zone 27.
  • the grip part 1 also contains a covering layer 18 around the core 16.
  • the purpose of the covering layer 18 is to determine the maximum height and thickness of the grip part 1 for a suitable handle.
  • the material of the cladding layer 18 is such that the mechanical stiffness of the handle part 1 does not differ significantly from that caused by the core 16 alone are determined.
  • the covering layer typically consists of a foam which forms the base for the leather strap surrounding the handle of the racket.
  • the core of the handle part has been described as being formed from integral extensions of the connecting arms 6, 6 ', it can also be manufactured as a separate component and firmly connected to the ends of the connecting arms.
  • the profile can be produced from layers or layers of a composite material and reinforced in the area of the maximum stress and deformation, that is to say in the area of the outer groove 8, by two overlapping layers of the sheet or plate material his.
  • the single layer or layer can be 0.75 mm thin, which results in a wall thickness of 1.5 mm in the area of the outer groove.
  • the overlap length is typically about 15 mm.
  • this overlapped cross-section lead to an increase in the rigidity in the plane and the torsional stiffness, while the mass is markedly reduced compared to that of conventional cross-sections.
  • the most stressed zone has a greater thickness and thus a greater resistance for stringing and when hitting a ball.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the reinforcing member 7 arranged between the two connecting arms 6, 6 '.
  • This reinforcing member 7 is also designed as a hollow closed profile with an inwardly projecting concave section or a groove 17 in its outside for accommodating the strings between successive passages. It preferably takes against bending in the plane acting stiffness of the reinforcing member or yoke part 7 towards its center slightly.
  • FIG. 7 shows cross sections corresponding to lines G and H in FIG. 6 with the example associated dimensions in millimeters.
  • the reinforcing member 7 has at both outer ends (section G) an almost circular section and a width W7 decreasing towards the center of the yoke part together with an increasing cross-sectional height H7, in such a way that the cross-sectional circumferential line remains constant (section H).
  • the hollow profile of the frame 3, the connecting arms 6, 6 ', the handle part 1 and the reinforcing member 7 is advantageously made of plastic-impregnated materials, so-called "prepregs", the mixture of which contains fibers in a resin base material, the fibers preferably carbon fibers, but can also be aramid or glass fibers or mixtures of different types of fibers.
  • the resin is preferably an epoxy resin.
  • the interior of the hollow profile can be filled with a material that supports the plastic-impregnated materials, such as a foam. However, this material has no influence on the mechanical properties of the profiles.
  • the wall of the profile can be 0.75 mm to 1.0 mm thin, which is expressed in a remarkable reduction in weight and mass.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show the development of the cross sections in the main area 13 and an example of the development of the cross section in the end area 14 of the racket. It should also be noted that according to a preferred one already described Embodiment of the cross section in the end region 14 has a constant height, but the width changes essentially in accordance with the cross sections B to F shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 9 shows the cross sections A to F, which are defined by the corresponding cuts in FIG. 8.
  • the wall thickness of the profile is preferably 0.75 mm, and in the area between the cuts A and B the wall thickness is preferably 1.0 mm.
  • the values for the height and the width in the sections are examples of a preferred embodiment and are given in mm.
  • the forces opposing the stringing forces and the forces caused by the impact of a ball have an increased value towards the upper end of the head part of the racket.
  • the height of the cross sections in the end region 14 can be reduced in such a way that the circumference and thus the mass of the individual cross section regions can remain essentially constant.
  • the deformations of the racket head part 2 which occur under the stresses exerted on the striking by striking a ball, can be kept as low as possible, even if the ball strings outside the "sweet spot" , that is, the area of the stringing around the geometric center of the head part 2. Due to this reduced deformation, the energy available for the reversal or return of the ball is increased.
  • the greatest deformation occurs in the end region 14 of the head part 2.
  • the deformation in the end region 14 is substantially reduced, which increases the energy available for reversing the ball and also has the effect of expanding the "sweet-spot" region of the stringing.
  • the vibrations that occur in the racket upon hitting a ball are essentially determined by two vibration modes of a completely free racket. These bending vibration modes are related to two resonance frequencies, which are approximately between 130 Hz to 180 Hz for the first vibration mode M1 and between 350 Hz and 450 Hz for the second vibration mode M2, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the relative values of the weighting factors W1 and W2 mainly depend on the point at which the tennis ball hits the strings in the head part of the racket.
  • Each vibration mode has a certain number of vibration nodes at which the vibration amplitude is zero.
  • the oscillation mode M1 of the lower frequency contains two nodes 19 and 20 and the oscillation mode M2 of the higher Frequency has three nodes 21, 22 and 23, all these nodes being distributed over the length of the racket.
  • the location of the vibration nodes is important for considering the energy that is transferred to the player holding the racket when hitting a ball. If the ball hits the strings 5 at one of the vibration nodes, the corresponding vibration mode is practically not excited. In this case, the weighting factor referred to above is zero. On the other hand, when the ball hits the racket at a distance from the vibration nodes, the corresponding vibration mode is excited. The effect of the weighting factor increases as a function of the distance between the point of impact and the considered vibration node.
  • one of the vibration nodes of each vibration mode is as close as possible to the area of the "sweet spot" of the racket, thereby minimizing the excitation of the vibration modes. Furthermore, one of the vibration nodes of each vibration mode lies in the handle part, more precisely in the area of the handle part which is encompassed by the player's hand, thereby minimizing the vibration energy transmitted to the player's hand.
  • a first mass 25 can be attached to the free end 24 of the handle part of the racket, around the vibration nodes occurring in the handle part to the free end of the latter to move so that these knots are essentially in the middle of the player's hand.
  • Two masses 25 can be attached to the frame, essentially on the transverse axis of symmetry of the head part, in order to shift the vibration nodes occurring in the head part away from its upper end 15, so that these nodes lie essentially in the central region of the head part, and thus also in its "sweet spot” area.
  • a second consequence of these inert masses attached to the head part is the enlargement of the "sweet spot” area, as a result of which hitting a ball at a point spaced from the geometric center of the head part leads to less excitation of the vibration modes of the racket.
  • a third consequence of these masses is an increase in the torsional inertia of the head part and thus an increase in the "sweet-spot" area along the axis between these two masses in the plane of the strings.
  • Essential for the tennis racket according to the invention shown in Figure 10 is the design of the head part and connecting arms forming frame profile, which preferably consists of a composite material, in particular using carbon fiber material, which in the finished state in the form of a layer layer forming the outer wall of the profile a packing , especially from light hard foam, surrounds.
  • the frame has a slightly increasing cross-sectional height, which reaches its maximum in the region of the beginning of the head part, that is to say approximately at the level of the reinforcing member running between the connecting arms, and then remains constant.
  • This constant cross-sectional height is preferably approximately 28 mm.
  • the sectional view according to FIG. 11 shows that the reinforcing member extending between the connecting arms has a significantly lower height than the frame in the head region. This height in the middle of the reinforcing member is preferably about 12 mm and only increases in the immediate transition area to the connecting arms.
  • FIG. 13 shows a section corresponding to section lines IV-IV, which are located approximately symmetrically on both sides of the head part center identified by section line II-II.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the frame profile are identical to one another at these interfaces, and the profile frame preferably has a constant cross section in this region of the head part located between the two cutting lines.
  • the maximum cross-sectional width is preferably 18 mm.
  • FIG. 14 shows a cross section along the line V-V and FIG. 15 shows a cross section along the line VI-VI.
  • the cross-sectional width and in particular the outer circumference of the profile frame increases significantly at the respective interface.
  • the maximum cross-sectional width in FIG. 14 is 19.75 mm and in FIG. 15 21.5 mm, the cross-sectional area approximating the circular shape while the cross-sectional height remains the same and the cross-sectional circumference accordingly also increases accordingly.
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 corresponding to a scale of 1: 3
  • FIGS. 13 to 23 corresponding to a scale of 1.5: 1 and dimensions essential to the invention can thus be taken directly from these drawings.
  • Figure 16 corresponds to the section along the line VII-VII
  • Figure 17 shows a section along the section line VIII-VIII, which runs along the longitudinal axis of the racket and is thus placed through the location of the largest cross-section and in particular the largest circumference.
  • the outer circumference of the cross-sectional area has an atypically high value and is preferably approximately 90 mm, but is always ⁇ 85 mm in comparison to all known racket designs.
  • Figure 18 corresponds to a section along the line IX-IX through the reinforcing member and shows that this reinforcing member has an approximately circular cross-section. Specifically, the cross-sectional height is 12 mm and the maximum cross-sectional width is 10 mm.
  • Figure 19 shows a section along the line X-X, that is, a section through the transition region between the connecting arms, the reinforcing member and the head part, the maximum cross-sectional height of the head part of 28 mm having already been reached in this region.
  • Figures 20, 21 and 22 correspond to the section lines XI-XI, XII-XII and XIII-XIII and document the course of the cross-sectional height and cross-sectional width between the handle and the head part.
  • the cross sections are substantially oval, and the circumferential length is consistently less than the circumferential length of the cross sections of the head part.
  • the maximum width of the cross sections of the connecting arms decreases from approximately 16 mm to 12 mm starting from the head part in the direction of the handle part, and the maximum height of the cross sections likewise continuously decreases and is approximately 26 at the interface XI-XI mm, at the interface XII-XII about 24 mm and at the interface XIII-XIII about 22 mm.
  • Figure 23 shows a section through the handle.
  • the choice of the special cross-sectional profile of the frame profile also ensures a comparatively low weight while ensuring all the required playing properties, which is preferably in the range from 310 g to 325 g and preferably 316 g.
  • the static stiffness value of the racket according to the Ra test is 70 Hz and the first vibration frequency is 158.4 Hz. This applies to the covered frame, the center of gravity being 31.8 cm - measured from the end of the handle.
  • bending moments result in the covering part in the covering part, the size of which is different at the different places of the frame.
  • the size of the bending moments depends on the ratio of the covering forces occurring in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the width of the frame cross section measured in the stringing plane is changed so that an at least substantially constant distribution of the stress results in all areas of the head part of the racket frame.
  • a maximum of the width of the cross-sectional area measured in the stringing plane is provided at the upper end of the head part. This increased local broadening of the cross section of the frame decreases continuously up to the area of the greatest width of the head part. The width of the cross-sectional area then remains constant.
  • FIG. 24 shows a preferred embodiment of a tennis racket, in which a local enlargement 30, 31 of the width of the cross-sectional area of the frame is provided in the area of the greatest width of the head part 2 and such an enlargement 32 of the cross-sectional width is also realized at the upper end 15 of the frame.

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Abstract

The racquet frame (3) has a tubular, thin-walled, enclosed profile on the outside of which, facing the opening (4), is an inward-protruding, concave section (8) joined to the top and bottom cup parts (10, 11) by means of wall parts (9). The wall parts slope toward the plane of the strings at an angle of (alpha) of between 25 and 65 degrees. The profile is reinforced in the area of the outer, inward-protruding concave section. The frame's profile is made of composite material, and the reinforcement made of two overlapping layers of the composite material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Tennisschlager nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a tennis racket according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei der Konstruktion von Tennisschlägern wird versucht, die Vibrationen und Deformationen, die während des Schlagens eines Balles auftreten, durch Auswahl der Formen, der Materialien und / oder bestimmter Abmessungen des Schlägers so gering wie möglich zu halten oder diese Vibrationen und Deformationen mittels zusätzlicher in die Struktur des Schlagers integrierter oder daran angebrachter Elemente positiv zu beeinflussen.In the construction of tennis rackets, attempts are made to minimize the vibrations and deformations that occur during the hitting of a ball by selecting the shape, the materials and / or certain dimensions of the racket, or by means of additional vibrations and deformations in the To positively influence the structure of the integrated or attached elements.

Aus EP-A-0 317 711 isr ein Tennisschläger bekannt, wobei der Höhe des Rahmens von den Verbindungsarmen bis zum gegenüberliegenden oberen Ende abnimmt, und die Breite des Rahmens in der Ebene der Besaitung wesentlich konstant ist. Der Griffteil besteht ausschliesslich aus einem Profil um den ein Band gewickelt ist.A tennis racket is known from EP-A-0 317 711, the height of the frame decreasing from the connecting arms to the opposite upper end, and the width of the frame being substantially constant in the plane of the stringing. The handle part consists exclusively of a profile around which a band is wrapped.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Tennisschläger mit bestmoglichen Spieleigenschaften zu schaffen, der einen relativ steifen Kopfteil und relativ flexible Verbindungsarme aufweist, um ein optimales Verhalten bezuglich der Vibrationen in Verbindung mit minimalen Deformationen in der Ebene des Schlägers beim Schlagen eines Balles zu schaffen.It is the object of the invention to provide a tennis racket with the best possible playing characteristics, which has a relatively stiff head part and relatively flexible connecting arms in order to create an optimal behavior with regard to the vibrations in connection with minimal deformations in the plane of the racket when hitting a ball.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Durch diese Merkmale widersteht der Rahmen den beim Schlagen eines Balles in der Ebene des Schlagers auftretenden Deformationen in bestmöglicher Weise und schafft eine wesentliche Verbesserung bei der Umkehr des Balles, da weniger Energie für die Deformation des Kopfteiles verbraucht wird und daher mehr Energie für die Effektivitat der Ballumkehr, das heißt des Returns zur Verfügung steht.Through these features, the frame resists the deformations that occur when hitting a ball in the plane of the striker in the best possible way and creates a significant improvement in the reversal of the ball, since less energy is used for the deformation of the head part and therefore more energy for the effectiveness of the Ball reversal, i.e. the return is available.

Das Vibrationsverhalten des Rahmens eines Tennisschlägers nach dem Schlagen eines Tennisballes ist hauptsächlich durch die zwei niedrigsten Biegungsschwingungen eines völlig freien Schlägers bestimmt. Diese Biegungsschwingungen tauchen typischerweise bei zwei Resonanzfrequenzen auf, von denen die erste bei ungefähr 130 Hz bis 180 Hz und die zweite bei etwa 350 Hz bis 450 Hz liegt.The vibration behavior of the frame of a tennis racket after hitting a tennis ball is mainly through determines the two lowest bending vibrations of a completely free club. These bending vibrations typically occur at two resonance frequencies, the first at approximately 130 Hz to 180 Hz and the second at approximately 350 Hz to 450 Hz.

Entsprechend der erfindungsgemäßen speziellen Gestaltung des Tennisschlägers ist es möglich, die Knotenlinien dieser Biegungsschwingungen so zu verteilen, daß die Vibrationen minimiert, der "sweet-spot"-Bereich, vergleichbar dem geometrischen Zentrum des Kopfteiles bzw. der Besaitung, vergrößert und eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Effektivität der Umkehr des Balles erreicht wird.According to the special design of the tennis racket according to the invention, it is possible to distribute the knot lines of these bending vibrations in such a way that the vibrations are minimized, the "sweet-spot" area, comparable to the geometric center of the head part or the strings, is enlarged and a substantial improvement in Effectiveness of reversing the ball is achieved.

Durch die gemäß vorteilhafter Ausführungsformen der Erfindung vorgesehenen lokalen Verbreiterungen der Querschnittsfläche des Rahmens im Kopfteil und die sich an diese lokalen Verbreiterungen anschließenden Verringerungen der Querschnittsbreite wird eine optimale und konstante Verteilung der von der Bespannung des Schlägerkopfes herrührenden Beanspruchungen des Kopfteils erreicht, wodurch sich wiederum Verbesserungen der Schlageigenschaften ergeben.As a result of the local widening of the cross-sectional area of the frame in the head part, which is provided according to advantageous embodiments of the invention, and the reductions in cross-sectional width following this local widening, an optimal and constant distribution of the stresses of the head part resulting from the covering of the racket head is achieved, which in turn improves the improvements Impact properties result.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend im einzelnen mit Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert; in dieser zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Draufsicht eines Tennisschlägers,
Figur 2
eine Seitenansicht des Schlägers aus Figur 1,
Figur 3
eine schematische Darstellung der Vibrationsschwingung des Schlägers aus den Figuren 1 und 2 von dessen Seite gesehen,
Figur 4
ein Querschnitt des Rahmens des Tennisschlägers im Kopfteil längs Linie I - I in Figur 1,
Figur 5
ein ähnlicher Querschnitt wie in Figur 4, wobei eine Variante dargestellt ist,
Figur 6
eine teilweise Draufsicht mit einem Verstärkungsglied, das zwischen den Verbindungsarmen des Schlägers aus Figur 1 angeordnet ist,
Figur 7
Querschnitte des Verstärkungsgliedes aus Figur 6,
Figur 8
eine Draufsicht des Kopfteiles des Schlägers mit verschiedenen Schnittlinien,
Figur 9
Querschnittsformen entsprechend den Schnittlinien A bis F in Figur 8,
Figur 10
eine Draufsicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Schlägers nach der Erfindung,
Figur 11
eine Schnittansicht entsprechend der Linie II-II,
Figur 12
eine Seitenansicht des Schlägers nach Figur 10, die
Figuren 13 bis 23
Querschnittsansichten des Schlägers nach Figur 10 entsprechend den Schnittlinien IV-IV bis XIV-XIV,
Figur 24
eine Draufsicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Schlägers mit lokalen Querschnittsverbreiterungen und maßstabgetreuen Querschnittsdarstellungen entsprechend den Schnittlinien.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing; in this show:
Figure 1
a top view of a tennis racket,
Figure 2
2 shows a side view of the racket from FIG. 1,
Figure 3
1 shows a schematic illustration of the vibration vibration of the racket from FIGS. 1 and 2,
Figure 4
2 shows a cross section of the frame of the tennis racket in the head part along line I - I in FIG. 1,
Figure 5
4 shows a cross section similar to that in FIG. 4, a variant being shown,
Figure 6
2 shows a partial top view with a reinforcing member which is arranged between the connecting arms of the racket from FIG. 1,
Figure 7
Cross sections of the reinforcing member from Figure 6,
Figure 8
a top view of the head part of the racket with different cutting lines,
Figure 9
Cross-sectional shapes corresponding to the section lines A to F in Figure 8,
Figure 10
a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a racket according to the invention,
Figure 11
a sectional view along the line II-II,
Figure 12
a side view of the racket of Figure 10, the
Figures 13 to 23
Cross-sectional views of the racket of Figure 10 according to the section lines IV-IV to XIV-XIV,
Figure 24
a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a racket with local cross-sectional widenings and true-to-scale cross-sectional representations corresponding to the cutting lines.

Der in Draufsicht in Figur 1 dargestellte Tennisschläger enthält üblicherweise drei entlang einer Symmetrie-Längsachse LL aufeinanderfolgend angeordnete Bereiche:

  • einen Griffteil 1,
  • einen Kopfteil 2, der von einem eine Öffnung 4 umgrenzenden Rahmen 3 mit allgemein ovaler, ebener Form gebildet ist,
  • zwei Verbindungsarmen 6, 6', die integral mit dem Rahmen 3 als Verlängerungen davon ausgebildet sind und sich in das Griffteil 1 erstrecken.
The tennis racket shown in plan view in FIG. 1 usually contains three areas arranged in succession along a longitudinal axis of symmetry LL:
  • a handle part 1,
  • a head part 2, which is formed by a frame 3 bordering an opening 4 with a generally oval, flat shape,
  • two connecting arms 6, 6 'which are formed integrally with the frame 3 as extensions thereof and which extend into the handle part 1.

Ferner enthält der Schläger ein Jochteil oder Verstärkungsglied 7, das die Verbindungsarme 6, 6' integral verbindet und die Öffnung 4 zum Griffteil 1 hin abgrenzt.The racket also contains a yoke part or reinforcing member 7 which integrally connects the connecting arms 6, 6 'and delimits the opening 4 towards the grip part 1.

Eine Besaitung 5 ist über die Öffnung 4 gespannt und liegt im allgemeinen in einer Ebene, wobei die einzelnen die Besaitung bildenden Saiten in Richtungen parallel und senkrecht zu der Symmetrie-Längsachse LL verlaufen und in üblicher Weise durch im Rahmen des Kopfteiles 2 und im Verstärkungsglied 7 vorgesehene Durchführungen oder Löcher geführt sind.A string 5 is stretched over the opening 4 and is generally in one plane, the individual stringing forming strings run in directions parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry LL and are guided in a conventional manner through bushings or holes provided in the frame of the head part 2 and in the reinforcing member 7.

Der Rahmen 3 weist ein Profil mit dem in Figur 4 gezeigten typischen Querschnitt auf. Dieses Profil ist vorzugsweise als rohrförmiges, dünnwandiges, geschlossenes Profil ausgebildet, dessen Innenraum mit einem Material ausgefüllt sein kann, das praktisch keinen Einfluß auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Profiles hat.The frame 3 has a profile with the typical cross section shown in FIG. This profile is preferably designed as a tubular, thin-walled, closed profile, the interior of which can be filled with a material that has practically no influence on the mechanical properties of the profile.

Unter Bezugnahme auf die in Figur 4 gezeigten Achsen verläuft die Achse XX in der Ebene und die Achse YY senkrecht zur Ebene der Besaitung. Die Außenkanten des Querschnittes können von einem gleichschenkliges Dreieck umschrieben werden, dessen Basis auf der Besaitungsseite liegt. Das Profil enthält einen nach innen springenden konkaven Abschnitt oder eine Rille 8 auf der XX-Achse und auf der der Öffnung 4 gegenüberliegenden Außenseite, um die Saiten zwischen zwei zur Öffnung 4 des Rahmens 3 führenden Durchführungen aufzunehmen (nicht dargestellt).With reference to the axes shown in Figure 4, the axis XX is in the plane and the axis YY is perpendicular to the plane of the stringing. The outer edges of the cross section can be circumscribed by an isosceles triangle, the base of which lies on the string side. The profile includes an inwardly jumping concave portion or groove 8 on the XX axis and on the outside opposite the opening 4 to receive the strings between two passages leading to the opening 4 of the frame 3 (not shown).

Um ohne übermäßige nach innen gerichtete Deformationen den Belastungen durch die Besaitung auf den Rahmen sowohl unter statischen wie auch unter dynamischen Bedingungen zu widerstehen, sind die Wandbereiche 9 des Profiles, die die Rille 8 mit den oberen und unteren, auf der YY-Achse angeordneten und im wesentlichen flachen Kuppenbereichen verbinden, gegen die Ebene der Besaitung in einem Winkel α zwischen 25° und 65° und vorzugsweise 45° geneigt.In order to withstand the strains caused by the stringing on the frame, both under static and dynamic conditions, without excessive inward deformations, the wall areas 9 of the profile, the groove 8 with the upper and lower, are arranged on the YY axis and connect substantially flat tip areas, inclined at an angle α between 25 ° and 65 ° and preferably 45 ° to the plane of the stringing.

Die Innenseite 12 des Profiles kann im wesentlichen zumindest in ihrem mittleren Bereich gerade sein und ist vorzugsweise in Richtung zur Öffnung 4 hin leicht gekrümmt.The inside 12 of the profile can be essentially straight at least in its central region and is preferably slightly curved towards the opening 4.

Die Formen und Proportionen des oben beschriebenen typischen Querschnittes variieren in dem Griffteil 1, in den Verbindungsarmen 6, 6' und in den verschiedenen Abschnitten des Kopfteiles 2, was im folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 und 2 erläutert wird.The shapes and proportions of the typical cross section described above vary in the handle part 1, in the connecting arms 6, 6 'and in the different sections of the head part 2, which is explained below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Das Kopfteil 2 des Schlägers enthält einen Hauptbereich 13, der an den Enden der Verbindungsarme 6, 6' beginnt und sich bis über den Bereich der maximalen Breite des Kopfteiles 2 erstreckt, und einen sich daran anschließenden Endbereich 14, der sich bis zum freien Ende 15 des Kopfteiles 2 erstreckt. Im Hauptbereich 13 ist die Höhe H des Rahmens 3, das heißt der Abstand zwischen der oberen und der unteren Kuppe 10 und 11 des Querschnittes senkrecht zur Ebene der Besaitung, oder anders gesagt entlang der YY-Achse in Figur 4, konstant oder wenigstens im wesentlichen konstant. Bei einer ersten Ausführung ist die Höhe im Endbereich 14 des Rahmens identisch zur Höhe H des Hauptbereiches 13 des Rahmens 3, das heißt die Höhe des Rahmens bleibt zwischen dem freien Ende 15 und den Verbindungsarmen konstant.The head part 2 of the racket contains a main region 13, which begins at the ends of the connecting arms 6, 6 ′ and extends to the area of the maximum width of the head part 2, and an adjoining end region 14, which extends to the free end 15 of the head part 2 extends. In the main area 13, the height H of the frame 3, that is to say the distance between the upper and lower tips 10 and 11 of the cross section perpendicular to the plane of the stringing, or in other words along the YY axis in FIG. 4, is constant or at least essentially constant. In a first embodiment, the height in the end region 14 of the frame is identical to the height H of the main region 13 of the frame 3, that is to say the height of the frame remains constant between the free end 15 and the connecting arms.

Bei einer zweiten Ausführung nimmt die Höhe H des Rahmens 3 im Endbereich 14 ab, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich von der Höhe H des Hauptbereiches 13 bis zu einer minimalen Höhe Hm am freien Ende 15 des Rahmens 3 auf der Längsachse LL, und zwar um Werte zwischen 50 % und 100 % der Höhe H des Rahmens 3 im Hauptbereich 13.In a second embodiment, the height H of the frame 3 decreases in the end region 14, preferably continuously from the height H of the main region 13 to a minimum height Hm at the free end 15 of the frame 3 on the longitudinal axis LL, namely by values between 50% and 100% of the height H of the frame 3 in the main area 13.

Gleichzeitig nimmt die Breite W des Rahmens 3 gemessen in der Ebene der Besaitung bzw. längs der XX-Achse in Figur 4 im Endbereich 14 zu, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich von der Breite W des Hauptbereiches 13 zu einer maximalen Breite WM am freien Ende 15 des Rahmens 3, und zwar um Werte zwischen 100 % und 200 % der Breite W im Hauptbereich 13.At the same time, the width W of the frame 3, measured in the plane of the stringing or along the XX axis in FIG. 4, increases in the end region 14, preferably continuously from the width W of the main region 13 to a maximum width WM at the free end 15 of the frame 3 , namely by values between 100% and 200% of the width W in the main area 13.

Ein Vorteil der zweiten Ausführung besteht darin, daß der Außenumfang des Profiles entlang des gesamten Rahmens 3 konstant ist. Dies erleichtert die Herstellung des Rahmens 3 wesentlich.An advantage of the second embodiment is that the outer circumference of the profile is constant along the entire frame 3. This greatly facilitates the manufacture of the frame 3.

Vorzugsweise besteht zwischen der Breite W und der Höhe H des Rahmens 3 im Hauptbereich 13 ein Verhältnis von ungefähr 3 : 5.There is preferably a ratio of approximately 3: 5 between the width W and the height H of the frame 3 in the main region 13.

Bevorzugt beträgt bei der zweiten Ausführungsform die Länge des Hauptbereiches 13 des Kopfteiles 2, gemessen parallel zur Längsachse LL, zwischen 1/4 und 1/3 der Gesamtlänge des Schlägers.In the second embodiment, the length of the main region 13 of the head part 2, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis LL, is preferably between 1/4 and 1/3 of the total length of the racket.

Durch die spezielle Gestaltung der Querschnitte wird ein Schläger mit hoher Stabilität erhalten, der gleichzeitig ein relativ geringes Gewicht hat. Die charakteristischen Querschnitte schaffen eine große Steifigkeit gegen Verbiegungen innerhalb und außerhalb der Schlägerebene, und die spezielle Geometrie der Querschnitte für das Kopfteil erlaubt eine beträchtliche Reduzierung der Wanddicke des Querschnittes, was zu der oben erwähnten Gewichtsreduzierung führt. Es ist von Wichtigkeit, daß durch diese Querschnitte auch das Torsions-Trägheitsmoment für eine geringere Masse erhöht werden kann.Due to the special design of the cross sections, a racket with high stability is obtained, which at the same time has a relatively low weight. The characteristic cross sections create a high degree of rigidity against bending inside and outside the racket plane, and the special geometry of the cross sections for the head part allows a considerable reduction in the wall thickness of the cross section, which leads to the weight reduction mentioned above. It is important that these cross sections can also increase the torsional moment of inertia for a lower mass.

Durch die Gewichtsreduzierung ist es möglich, ohne das übliche Gesamtgewicht eines Schlägers zu erhöhen, konzentrierte Massen 25 an dem Rahmen im Bereich der "sweet-spot"-Zone und / oder am freien Ende 24 des Griffteiles hinzuzufügen, wie schematisch in Figur 1 gezeigt ist. Dies führt zu einer Vergrößerung der "sweet-spot"- Zone und zu einer Verbesserung des Schwingungsverhaltens des Schlägers.The reduction in weight makes it possible, without increasing the usual total weight of a racket, to add concentrated masses 25 to the frame in the region of the "sweet-spot" zone and / or to the free end 24 of the grip part, as is shown schematically in FIG . This leads to an enlargement of the "sweet spot" zone and an improvement in the vibration behavior of the racket.

Das Griffteil 1 enthält einen aus Verlängerungen der Verbindungsarme 6, 6' gebildeten Kern 16, der die drei wesentlichen mechanischen Steifigkeiten des Griffteiles 1 bestimmt:

  • die mechanische Biegesteifigkeit innerhalb der Ebene der Besaitung 5,
  • die Steifigkeit gegen Verbiegungen aus der Ebene in der Grundzone des Griffteiles und
  • die mechanische Torsionssteifigkeit um die Längsachse LL.
The handle part 1 contains a core 16 formed from extensions of the connecting arms 6, 6 ', which are the three essential mechanical stiffness of the handle part 1 determines:
  • the mechanical bending stiffness within the plane of the stringing 5,
  • the rigidity against bending out of the plane in the base zone of the handle part and
  • the mechanical torsional rigidity around the longitudinal axis LL.

Die Höhe H1 des Kernes 16 des Griffteiles 1 ist im wesentlichen über dessen hauptsächliche Länge konstant und liegt im Bereich zwischen 40 % und 70 % der Höhe H des Rahmens 3 im Hauptbereich 13 des Kopfteiles 2.The height H1 of the core 16 of the handle part 1 is essentially constant over its main length and lies in the range between 40% and 70% of the height H of the frame 3 in the main area 13 of the head part 2.

Die Höhe H6 des Profiles in den Verbindungsarmen 6, 6' variiert, vorzugsweise ebenfalls kontinuierlich von der Höhe H des Rahmens 3 im Hauptbereich 13 des Kopfteiles 2 zur Höhe H1 des Kernes 16 des Griffteiles 1.The height H6 of the profile in the connecting arms 6, 6 'varies, preferably also continuously, from the height H of the frame 3 in the main region 13 of the head part 2 to the height H1 of the core 16 of the handle part 1.

Der Querschnitt des Kernes 16 ist bevorzugt rechteckig, wobei die langen Seiten parallel zur Besaitungsebene verlaufen. Die Höhe des Kernes 16 muß ausreichend klein gehalten sein, da die Steifigkeit gegen Verbiegen aus der Ebene in der Grundzone 26 sehr klein sein muß. In der Übergangszone 27 kann die Höhe des Kernes 16 kontinuierlich zunehmen.The cross section of the core 16 is preferably rectangular, the long sides running parallel to the stringing plane. The height of the core 16 must be kept sufficiently small since the rigidity against bending out of the plane in the base zone 26 must be very small. The height of the core 16 can increase continuously in the transition zone 27.

Wie in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigt, enthält das Griffteil 1 auch eine Umhüllungsschicht 18 um den Kern 16. Der Zweck der Umhüllungsschicht 18 ist, die maximale Höhe und Dicke des Griffteiles 1 für einen passenden Handgriff zu bestimmen. Das Material der Umhüllungsschicht 18 ist derart, daß die mechanische Steifigkeiten des Griffteiles 1 sich nicht wesentlich von denen unterscheiden, die durch den Kern 16 alleine bestimmt sind. Die Umhüllungsschicht besteht typischerweise aus einem Schaum, der die Unterlage für das den Griff des Schlägers umgebende Lederband bildet.As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the grip part 1 also contains a covering layer 18 around the core 16. The purpose of the covering layer 18 is to determine the maximum height and thickness of the grip part 1 for a suitable handle. The material of the cladding layer 18 is such that the mechanical stiffness of the handle part 1 does not differ significantly from that caused by the core 16 alone are determined. The covering layer typically consists of a foam which forms the base for the leather strap surrounding the handle of the racket.

Obwohl der Kern des Griffteiles als aus integralen Verlängerungen der Verbindungsarme 6, 6' gebildet beschrieben wurde, kann er auch als getrennte Komponente hergestellt und fest mit den Enden der Verbindungsarme verbunden werden.Although the core of the handle part has been described as being formed from integral extensions of the connecting arms 6, 6 ', it can also be manufactured as a separate component and firmly connected to the ends of the connecting arms.

Als Variante, wie in Figur 5 gezeigt, kann das Profil aus Lagen bzw. Schichten eines Kompositmaterials hergestellt und im Bereich der maximalen Beanspruchung und Deformation, das heißt, im Bereich der äußeren Rille 8, durch zwei einander überlappende Lagen des Blatt- oder Plattenmaterials verstärkt sein. Die einzelne Lage oder Schicht kann 0,75 mm dünn sein, was eine Wanddicke von 1,5 mm im Bereich der äußeren Rille ergibt. Die Überlappungslänge ist typischerweise ungefähr 15 mm.As a variant, as shown in FIG. 5, the profile can be produced from layers or layers of a composite material and reinforced in the area of the maximum stress and deformation, that is to say in the area of the outer groove 8, by two overlapping layers of the sheet or plate material his. The single layer or layer can be 0.75 mm thin, which results in a wall thickness of 1.5 mm in the area of the outer groove. The overlap length is typically about 15 mm.

Die Eigenschaften dieses überlappten Querschnittes führen zu einer Vergrößerung der Steifigkeit in der Ebene und der Torsionssteifigkeit, während die Masse im Vergleich zu der herkömmlicher Querschnitte merklich verringert ist. Zusätzlich hat die am meisten beanspruchte Zone eine größere Dicke und somit einen größeren Widerstand für die Besaitung und beim Auftreffen eines Balles.The properties of this overlapped cross-section lead to an increase in the rigidity in the plane and the torsional stiffness, while the mass is markedly reduced compared to that of conventional cross-sections. In addition, the most stressed zone has a greater thickness and thus a greater resistance for stringing and when hitting a ball.

Die Figuren 6 und 7 zeigen das zwischen den beiden Verbindungsarmen 6, 6' angeordnete Verstärkungsglied 7.FIGS. 6 and 7 show the reinforcing member 7 arranged between the two connecting arms 6, 6 '.

Dieses Verstärkungsglied 7 ist ebenfalls als hohles geschlossenes Profil mit einem nach innen springenden konkaven Abschnitt oder einer Rille 17 in seiner Außenseite zum Unterbringen der Saiten zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Durchführungen ausgebildet. Vorzugsweise nimmt die gegen ein Verbiegen in der Ebene wirkende Steifigkeit des Verstärkungsgliedes oder Jochteiles 7 zu dessen Mitte hin leicht ab.This reinforcing member 7 is also designed as a hollow closed profile with an inwardly projecting concave section or a groove 17 in its outside for accommodating the strings between successive passages. It preferably takes against bending in the plane acting stiffness of the reinforcing member or yoke part 7 towards its center slightly.

Figur 7 zeigt Querschnitte entsprechend den Linien G und H in Figur 6 mit den beispielsweisen, zugehörigen Abmessungen in Millimetern.FIG. 7 shows cross sections corresponding to lines G and H in FIG. 6 with the example associated dimensions in millimeters.

Das Verstärkungsglied 7 weist an beiden Außenenden (Schnitt G) einen nahezu kreisförmigen Schnitt und eine zur Mitte des Jochteiles abnehmende Breite W7 zusammen mit einer zunehmenden Querschnittshöhe H7 auf, und zwar in der Weise, daß die Querschnittumfangslinie konstant bleibt (Schnitt H).The reinforcing member 7 has at both outer ends (section G) an almost circular section and a width W7 decreasing towards the center of the yoke part together with an increasing cross-sectional height H7, in such a way that the cross-sectional circumferential line remains constant (section H).

Vorteilhafterweise ist das hohle Profil des Rahmens 3, der Verbindungsarme 6, 6', des Griffteiles 1 und des Verstärkungsgliedes 7 aus kunststoffimprägnierten Materialien, sogenannten "prepregs", hergestellt, deren Mischung Fasern in einem Harz-Grundmaterial enthält, wobei die Fasern bevorzugt Kohlefasern, aber auch Aramid- oder Glasfasern oder ebenso Mischungen aus verschiedenen Arten von Fasern sein können. Das Harz ist vorzugsweise ein Epoxidharz. Das Innere des hohlen Profiles kann mit einem die kunststoffimprägnierten Materialien unterstützenden Material ausgefüllt sein, wie beispielsweise einem Schaum. Dieses Material hat jedoch keinen Einfluß auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Profile.The hollow profile of the frame 3, the connecting arms 6, 6 ', the handle part 1 and the reinforcing member 7 is advantageously made of plastic-impregnated materials, so-called "prepregs", the mixture of which contains fibers in a resin base material, the fibers preferably carbon fibers, but can also be aramid or glass fibers or mixtures of different types of fibers. The resin is preferably an epoxy resin. The interior of the hollow profile can be filled with a material that supports the plastic-impregnated materials, such as a foam. However, this material has no influence on the mechanical properties of the profiles.

Mit solchen Materialien und den typischen Querschnitten kann die Wand des Profiles 0,75 mm bis 1,0 mm dünn sein, was sich in einer bemerkenswerten Gewichts- bzw. Massenreduzierung ausdrückt.With such materials and the typical cross sections, the wall of the profile can be 0.75 mm to 1.0 mm thin, which is expressed in a remarkable reduction in weight and mass.

Die Figuren 8 und 9 zeigen die Entwicklung der Querschnitte im Hauptbereich 13 und ein Beispiel für die Entwicklung des Querschnittes im Endbereich 14 des Schlägers. Es ist noch anzumerken, daß gemäß einer bereits beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Querschnitt im Endbereich 14 eine konstante Höhe aufweist, wobei sich jedoch die Breite im wesentlichen entsprechend den in den Figuren 8 und 9 gezeigten Querschnitten B bis F ändert.FIGS. 8 and 9 show the development of the cross sections in the main area 13 and an example of the development of the cross section in the end area 14 of the racket. It should also be noted that according to a preferred one already described Embodiment of the cross section in the end region 14 has a constant height, but the width changes essentially in accordance with the cross sections B to F shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

Figur 9 zeigt die Querschnitte A bis F, die durch die entsprechenden Schnitte in Figur 8 festgelegt sind. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Wanddicke des Profiles 0,75 mm, und im Bereich zwischen den Schnitten A und B ist die Wanddicke bevorzugt 1,0 mm.FIG. 9 shows the cross sections A to F, which are defined by the corresponding cuts in FIG. 8. The wall thickness of the profile is preferably 0.75 mm, and in the area between the cuts A and B the wall thickness is preferably 1.0 mm.

Die Werte für die Höhe und die Breite in den Schnitten sind Beispiele für eine bevorzugte Ausführung und in mm angegeben.The values for the height and the width in the sections are examples of a preferred embodiment and are given in mm.

Durch diese speziellen Querschnitte haben die den Besaitungskräften und den durch das Auftreffen eines Balles bewirkten Kräften entgegenwirkenden Kräfte einen erhöhten Wert zum oberen Ende des Kopfteiles des Schlägers hin. Die Höhe der Querschnitte im Endbereich 14 kann derart reduziert werden, daß der Umfang und damit die Masse der einzelnen Querschnittsbereiche im wesentlichen konstant bleiben kann.Due to these special cross-sections, the forces opposing the stringing forces and the forces caused by the impact of a ball have an increased value towards the upper end of the head part of the racket. The height of the cross sections in the end region 14 can be reduced in such a way that the circumference and thus the mass of the individual cross section regions can remain essentially constant.

Aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Merkmale können die Deformationen des Schläger-Kopfteiles 2, die unter den auf das Schlagen eines Balles hin auf die Besaitung ausgeübten Belastungen auftreten, so gering wie möglich gehalten werden, auch wenn der Ball die Besaitung außerhalb des "sweet-spot's", das heißt des Bereiches der Besaitung um das geometrische Zentrum des Kopfteiles 2 herum, trifft. Aufgrund dieser verringerten Deformation wird die für die Umkehr oder den Return des Balles zur Verfügung stehende Energie vergrößert.Due to the features described above, the deformations of the racket head part 2, which occur under the stresses exerted on the striking by striking a ball, can be kept as low as possible, even if the ball strings outside the "sweet spot" , that is, the area of the stringing around the geometric center of the head part 2. Due to this reduced deformation, the energy available for the reversal or return of the ball is increased.

In herkömmlichen Schlägern tritt die größte Deformation im Endbereich 14 des Kopfteiles 2 auf. In dem Schläger gemäß vorliegender Erfindung ist die Deformation im Endbereich 14 wesentlich reduziert, was die für die Umkehr des Balles zur Verfügung stehende Energie erhöht und zudem den Effekt hat, daß der "sweet-spot"-Bereich der Besaitung ausgedehnt wird.In conventional rackets, the greatest deformation occurs in the end region 14 of the head part 2. In the racket according to the present invention, the deformation in the end region 14 is substantially reduced, which increases the energy available for reversing the ball and also has the effect of expanding the "sweet-spot" region of the stringing.

Vorteilhafte und bevorzugte Abmessungen des Schlägers und seiner verschiedenen Teile werden wie folgt angegeben:

  • Gesamtlänge: zwischen 675 mm und 695 mm, vorzugsweise ungefähr 682 mm;
  • Höhe H1 des Kernes 16 des Griffteiles 1: zwischen 11,5 mm und 21 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 16 mm und 17 mm;
  • Höhe H des Rahmens 3 im Hauptbereich 13 des Kopfteiles 2: zwischen 26 mm und 35 mm, vorzugsweise 29 mm;
  • Breite W des Rahmens im Hauptbereich des Kopfteiles: zwischen 15 mm und 21 mm, bevorzugt 18 mm;
  • minimale Höhe Hm des Rahmens 3 am freien Ende 15 des Endbereiches 14: in der Ausführungsform mit abnehmender Höhe beträgt dieser Wert 22 mm und in der Ausführungsform mit konstanter Höhe beträgt dieser Wert zwischen 26 mm und 35 mm und vorzugsweise 29 mm;
  • maximale Breite WM des Rahmens 3 am freien Ende 15 des Endbereiches 14: ungefähr 25 mm;
  • maximale Höhe H7 in der Mitte des Verstärkungsgliedes: ungefähr 12 mm;
  • Höhe des Verstärkungsgliedes am Übergang zu den Verbindungsarmen 6, 6': ungefähr 11 mm;
  • minimale Breite W7 in der Mitte des Verstärkungsgliedes: ungefähr 10 mm;
  • Breite des Verstärkungsgliedes am Übergang zu den Verbindungsarmen 6, 6': ungefähr 11 mm.
Advantageous and preferred dimensions of the racket and its various parts are given as follows:
  • Overall length: between 675 mm and 695 mm, preferably about 682 mm;
  • Height H1 of core 16 of handle part 1: between 11.5 mm and 21 mm, preferably between 16 mm and 17 mm;
  • Height H of the frame 3 in the main area 13 of the head part 2: between 26 mm and 35 mm, preferably 29 mm;
  • Width W of the frame in the main area of the head part: between 15 mm and 21 mm, preferably 18 mm;
  • minimum height Hm of the frame 3 at the free end 15 of the end region 14: in the embodiment with decreasing height this value is 22 mm and in the embodiment with constant height this value is between 26 mm and 35 mm and preferably 29 mm;
  • maximum width WM of the frame 3 at the free end 15 of the end region 14: approximately 25 mm;
  • maximum height H7 in the middle of the reinforcing member: about 12 mm;
  • Height of the reinforcing member at the transition to the connecting arms 6, 6 ': approximately 11 mm;
  • minimum width W7 in the middle of the reinforcing member: about 10 mm;
  • Width of the reinforcing member at the transition to the connecting arms 6, 6 ': approximately 11 mm.

Das Schwingungsverhalten und andere Merkmale des Schlägers werden nun in Verbindung mit Figur 3 beschrieben.The vibration behavior and other characteristics of the racket will now be described in connection with Figure 3.

Die Schwingungen, die in dem Schläger auf das Schlagen eines Balles hin auftreten, werden im wesentlichen durch zwei Schwingungsmoden eines völlig freien Schlägers bestimmt. Diese Biegeschwingungsmoden hängen mit zwei Resonanzfrequenzen zusammen, die annähernd zwischen 130 Hz bis 180 Hz für den ersten Schwingungsmodus M1 und zwischen 350 Hz und 450 Hz für den zweiten Schwingungsmodus M2 betragen, wie in Figur 3 dargestellt ist. Die Gesamt-Schwingungsamplitude eines Tennisschlägers nach dem Auftreffen eines Balles kann aus Beiträgen der Amplituden der Wellenformen M1 und M2 zusammengesetzt werden, wobei jede mit einem zeitabhängigen Gewichtungsfaktor W1(t) und W2(t) versehen ist: Gesamt-Schwingungsamplitude = W1(t) · M1 + W2(t) · M2

Figure imgb0001
Die relativen Werte der Gewichtungsfaktoren W1 und W2 hängen hauptsächlich von der Stelle ab, an der der Tennisball die Besaitung im Kopfteil des Schlägers trifft.The vibrations that occur in the racket upon hitting a ball are essentially determined by two vibration modes of a completely free racket. These bending vibration modes are related to two resonance frequencies, which are approximately between 130 Hz to 180 Hz for the first vibration mode M1 and between 350 Hz and 450 Hz for the second vibration mode M2, as shown in FIG. 3. The total vibration amplitude of a tennis racket after hitting a ball can be composed of contributions from the amplitudes of the waveforms M1 and M2, each with a time-dependent weighting factor W1 (t) and W2 (t): Total vibration amplitude = W1 (t) * M1 + W2 (t) * M2
Figure imgb0001
The relative values of the weighting factors W1 and W2 mainly depend on the point at which the tennis ball hits the strings in the head part of the racket.

Jeder Schwingungsmodus hat eine bestimmte Anzahl von Schwingungsknoten, an denen die Schwingungsamplitude Null ist. Der Schwingungsmodus M1 der niedrigeren Frequenz enthält zwei Knoten 19 und 20 und der Schwingungsmodus M2 der höheren Frequenz weist drei Knoten 21, 22 und 23 auf, wobei all diese Knoten über die Länge des Schlägers verteilt sind.Each vibration mode has a certain number of vibration nodes at which the vibration amplitude is zero. The oscillation mode M1 of the lower frequency contains two nodes 19 and 20 and the oscillation mode M2 of the higher Frequency has three nodes 21, 22 and 23, all these nodes being distributed over the length of the racket.

Die Lage der Schwingungsknoten ist von Bedeutung zur Betrachtung der Energie, die auf den den Schläger haltenden Spieler beim Schlagen eines Balles übertragen wird. Wenn der Ball die Besaitung 5 an einem der Schwingungsknoten trifft, wird der entsprechende Schwingungsmodus praktisch nicht angeregt. In diesem Fall ist der oben bezeichnete Gewichtungsfaktor Null. Andererseits, wenn der Ball den Schläger in einem Abstand von den Schwingungsknoten trifft, wird der entsprechende Schwingungsmodus angeregt. Die Auswirkung des Gewichtungsfaktors nimmt als Funktion des Abstandes des Auftreffpunktes und des betrachteten Schwingungsknotens zu.The location of the vibration nodes is important for considering the energy that is transferred to the player holding the racket when hitting a ball. If the ball hits the strings 5 at one of the vibration nodes, the corresponding vibration mode is practically not excited. In this case, the weighting factor referred to above is zero. On the other hand, when the ball hits the racket at a distance from the vibration nodes, the corresponding vibration mode is excited. The effect of the weighting factor increases as a function of the distance between the point of impact and the considered vibration node.

Dank der oben beschriebenen Gestaltung des Schläger-Rahmens 3 liegt einer der Schwingungsknoten jeder Schwingungsmode so nah wie möglich am Bereich des "sweet-spot's" des Schlägers, wodurch die Anregung der Schwingungsmoden minimiert wird. Ferner liegt einer der Schwingungsknoten jeder Schwingungsmode im Griffteil, genauer gesagt in dem Bereich des Griffteiles, der von der Hand des Spielers umfaßt wird, wodurch die auf die Hand des Spielers übertragene Schwingungsenergie minimiert wird.Thanks to the design of the racket frame 3 described above, one of the vibration nodes of each vibration mode is as close as possible to the area of the "sweet spot" of the racket, thereby minimizing the excitation of the vibration modes. Furthermore, one of the vibration nodes of each vibration mode lies in the handle part, more precisely in the area of the handle part which is encompassed by the player's hand, thereby minimizing the vibration energy transmitted to the player's hand.

Schließlich ist es möglich, den Vorteil der durch die Erfindung ermöglichten Gewichtsreduzierung des Schlägers dazu auszunützen, eine oder mehrere Massen an dem Schläger an ausgewählten Punkten von Schlägerbereichen anzubringen, um die Lagen der Knoten der zwei fundamentalen Schwingungsmoden zu beeinflussen.Finally, it is possible to take advantage of the weight reduction of the racket enabled by the invention to apply one or more masses to the racket at selected points of racket areas to influence the locations of the nodes of the two fundamental modes of vibration.

Eine erste Masse 25 kann an dem freien Ende 24 des Griffteiles des Schlägers befestigt werden, um die in dem Griffteil auftretenden Schwingungsknoten zum freien Ende des letzteren hin zu verschieben, so daß diese Knoten im wesentlichen in der Mitte der Hand des Spielers liegen.A first mass 25 can be attached to the free end 24 of the handle part of the racket, around the vibration nodes occurring in the handle part to the free end of the latter to move so that these knots are essentially in the middle of the player's hand.

Zwei Massen 25 können an dem Rahmen befestigt werden, im wesentlichen auf der querverlaufenden Symmetrieachse des Kopfteiles, um die in dem Kopfteil auftretenden Schwingungsknoten von dessen oberen Ende 15 weg zu verschieben, so daß diese Knoten im wesentlichen im Zentrumsbereich des Kopfteiles liegen, und somit auch in dessen "sweet-spot"-Bereich. Eine zweite Folge dieser an dem Kopfteil angebrachten trägen Massen liegt in der Vergrößerung des "sweet-spot"-Bereiches, wodurch das Schlagen eines Balles in einem vom geometrischen Zentrum des Kopfteiles beabstandeten Punkt zu einer geringeren Anregung der Schwingungsmoden des Schlägers führt. Eine dritte Folge dieser Massen ist eine Vergrößerung der Torsionsträgheit des Kopfteiles und damit eine Vergrößerung des "sweet-spot"-Bereiches längs der Achse zwischen diesen beiden Massen in der Ebene der Saiten.Two masses 25 can be attached to the frame, essentially on the transverse axis of symmetry of the head part, in order to shift the vibration nodes occurring in the head part away from its upper end 15, so that these nodes lie essentially in the central region of the head part, and thus also in its "sweet spot" area. A second consequence of these inert masses attached to the head part is the enlargement of the "sweet spot" area, as a result of which hitting a ball at a point spaced from the geometric center of the head part leads to less excitation of the vibration modes of the racket. A third consequence of these masses is an increase in the torsional inertia of the head part and thus an increase in the "sweet-spot" area along the axis between these two masses in the plane of the strings.

Wesentlich für den in Figur 10 dargestellten Tennisschläger gemäß der Erfindung ist die Gestaltung des Kopfteil und Verbindungsarme bildenden Rahmenprofils, das vorzugsweise aus einem Compositmaterial, insbesondere unter Verwendung von Kohlefasermaterial, besteht, das im fertigen Zustand in Form einer die Außenwandung des Profils bildenden Schichtlage einen Füllkörper, insbesondere aus leichtem Festschaum, umgibt.Essential for the tennis racket according to the invention shown in Figure 10 is the design of the head part and connecting arms forming frame profile, which preferably consists of a composite material, in particular using carbon fiber material, which in the finished state in the form of a layer layer forming the outer wall of the profile a packing , especially from light hard foam, surrounds.

Wie in Figur 12 zu sehen ist, besitzt der Rahmen ausgehend vom Griffteil eine leicht zunehmende Querschnittshöhe, die ihr Maximum im Bereich des Beginns des Kopfteils, das heißt etwa in Höhe des zwischen den Verbindungsarmen verlaufenden Verstärkungsglieds erreicht und dann konstant bleibt. Vorzugsweise beträgt diese konstante Querschnittshöhe etwa 28 mm.As can be seen in FIG. 12, starting from the handle part, the frame has a slightly increasing cross-sectional height, which reaches its maximum in the region of the beginning of the head part, that is to say approximately at the level of the reinforcing member running between the connecting arms, and then remains constant. This constant cross-sectional height is preferably approximately 28 mm.

Die Schnittdarstellung nach Figur 11 läßt erkennen, daß das sich zwischen den Verbindungsarmen erstreckende Verstärkungsglied eine deutlich geringere Höhe als der Rahmen im Kopfteilbereich besitzt. Diese Höhe beträgt in Mitte des Verstärkungsglieds vorzugsweise etwa 12 mm und nimmt erst im unmittelbaren Übergangsbereich zu den Verbindungsarmen zu.The sectional view according to FIG. 11 shows that the reinforcing member extending between the connecting arms has a significantly lower height than the frame in the head region. This height in the middle of the reinforcing member is preferably about 12 mm and only increases in the immediate transition area to the connecting arms.

Alle nachfolgend beschriebenen Querschnitte verlaufen senkrecht zur Schlägerebene und entsprechend den angegebenen Schnittlinien.All of the cross-sections described below are perpendicular to the club plane and in accordance with the specified cutting lines.

Figur 13 zeigt einen Schnitt entsprechend den Schnittlinien IV-IV, die etwa symmetrisch beiderseits der durch die Schnittlinie II-II kenntlich gemachten Kopfteilmitte gelegen sind. Die Querschnittsflächen des Rahmenprofils sind an diesen Schnittstellen zueinander gleich, und vorzugsweise besitzt der Profilrahmen in diesem zwischen den beiden Schnittlinien gelegenen Bereich des Kopfteils einen gleichbleibenden Querschnitt. Die maximale Querschnittsbreite beträgt dabei vorzugsweise 18 mm.FIG. 13 shows a section corresponding to section lines IV-IV, which are located approximately symmetrically on both sides of the head part center identified by section line II-II. The cross-sectional areas of the frame profile are identical to one another at these interfaces, and the profile frame preferably has a constant cross section in this region of the head part located between the two cutting lines. The maximum cross-sectional width is preferably 18 mm.

Figur 14 zeigt einen Querschnitt entsprechend der Linie V-V und Figur 15 eine Querschnittsansicht entsprechend der Linie VI-VI.FIG. 14 shows a cross section along the line V-V and FIG. 15 shows a cross section along the line VI-VI.

Es ist zu erkennen, daß bei gleichbleibender Querschnittshöhe die Querschnittsbreite und insbesondere der Außenumfang des Profilrahmens an der jeweiligen Schnittstelle deutlich zunimmt. Die maximale Querschnittsbreite in Figur 14 beträgt 19,75 mm und in Figur 15 21,5 mm, wobei sich die Querschnittsfläche der Kreisform bei gleichbleibender Querschnittshöhe annähert und damit auch der Querschnittsumfang entsprechend steigt.It can be seen that with a constant cross-sectional height, the cross-sectional width and in particular the outer circumference of the profile frame increases significantly at the respective interface. The maximum cross-sectional width in FIG. 14 is 19.75 mm and in FIG. 15 21.5 mm, the cross-sectional area approximating the circular shape while the cross-sectional height remains the same and the cross-sectional circumference accordingly also increases accordingly.

Darauf hinzuweisen ist, daß sämtliche Figuren maßstabsgetreu gezeichnet sind, wobei die Figuren 10 bis 12 einem Maßstab 1 : 3 und die Figuren 13 bis 23 einem Maßstab 1,5 : 1 entsprechen und somit erfindungswesentliche Maße direkt diesen Zeichnungen entnommen werden können.It should be pointed out that all the figures are drawn to scale, with FIGS. 10 to 12 corresponding to a scale of 1: 3 and FIGS. 13 to 23 corresponding to a scale of 1.5: 1 and dimensions essential to the invention can thus be taken directly from these drawings.

Figur 16 entspricht dem Schnitt entsprechend der Linie VII-VII, und Figur 17 stellt einen Schnitt entsprechend der Schnittlinie VIII-VIII dar, die entsprechend der Schlägerlängsachse verläuft und somit durch die Stelle größten Querschnittes und insbesondere größten Umfangs gelegt ist. Der Außenumfang der Querschnittfläche besitzt einen atypisch hohen Wert und beträgt bevorzugt etwa 90 mm, ist aber im Vergleich zu allen bekannten Schlägerkonstruktionen stets ≧ 85 mm.Figure 16 corresponds to the section along the line VII-VII, and Figure 17 shows a section along the section line VIII-VIII, which runs along the longitudinal axis of the racket and is thus placed through the location of the largest cross-section and in particular the largest circumference. The outer circumference of the cross-sectional area has an atypically high value and is preferably approximately 90 mm, but is always ≧ 85 mm in comparison to all known racket designs.

Figur 18 entspricht einem Schnitt entsprechend der Linie IX-IX durch das Verstärkungsglied und zeigt, daß dieses Verstärkungsglied etwa kreisförmigen Querschnitt besitzt. Konkret beträgt die Querschnittshöhe 12 mm und die maximale Querschnittsbreite 10 mm.Figure 18 corresponds to a section along the line IX-IX through the reinforcing member and shows that this reinforcing member has an approximately circular cross-section. Specifically, the cross-sectional height is 12 mm and the maximum cross-sectional width is 10 mm.

Figur 19 zeigt einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie X-X, das heißt einen Schnitt durch den Übergangsbereich zwischen den Verbindungsarmen, dem Verstärkungsglied und dem Kopfteil, wobei in diesem Bereich bereits die maximale Querschnittshöhe des Kopfteils von 28 mm erreicht ist.Figure 19 shows a section along the line X-X, that is, a section through the transition region between the connecting arms, the reinforcing member and the head part, the maximum cross-sectional height of the head part of 28 mm having already been reached in this region.

Die Figuren 20, 21 und 22 entsprechen den Schnittlinien XI-XI, XII-XII und XIII-XIII und dokumentieren den Verlauf von Querschnittshöhe und Querschnittsbreite zwischen Handgriff und Kopfteil. Die Querschnitte sind im wesentlichen oval, und die Umfangslänge ist durchwegs geringer als die Umfangslänge der Querschnitte des Kopfteils.Figures 20, 21 and 22 correspond to the section lines XI-XI, XII-XII and XIII-XIII and document the course of the cross-sectional height and cross-sectional width between the handle and the head part. The cross sections are substantially oval, and the circumferential length is consistently less than the circumferential length of the cross sections of the head part.

Die maximale Breite der Querschnitte der Verbindungsarme nimmt entsprechend den Figuren 2 bis 22 ausgehend vom Kopfteil in Richtung des Griffteils von etwa 16 mm auf 12 mm ab, und die maximale Höhe der Querschnitte nimmt ebenfalls kontinuierlich ab und beträgt an der Schnittstelle XI-XI etwa 26 mm, an der Schnittstelle XII-XII etwa 24 mm und an der Schnittstelle XIII-XIII etwa 22 mm.According to FIGS. 2 to 22, the maximum width of the cross sections of the connecting arms decreases from approximately 16 mm to 12 mm starting from the head part in the direction of the handle part, and the maximum height of the cross sections likewise continuously decreases and is approximately 26 at the interface XI-XI mm, at the interface XII-XII about 24 mm and at the interface XIII-XIII about 22 mm.

Figur 23 zeigt noch einen Schnitt durch den Handgriff.Figure 23 shows a section through the handle.

Durch die Wahl des speziellen Querschnittsverlaufs des Rahmenprofils wird unter Gewährleistung aller geforderten Spieleigenschaften auch ein vergleichsweise geringes Gewicht erzielt, das vorzugsweise im Bereich von 310 g bis 325 g und vorzugsweise bei 316 g liegt. Der statische Steifheitswert des Schlägers gemäß Ra-Test beträgt 70 Hz und die erste Schwingungsfrequenz liegt bei 158,4 Hz. Dies gilt für den bespannten Rahmen, wobei der Schwerpunkt bei 31,8 cm - gemessen vom Handgriffende - gelegen ist. Dies sind Werte einer vorteilhaften und vorzugsweise verwendeten Ausführungsform, aber wesentlich für die Erfindung ist der erläuterte Querschnittsverlauf des Profilrahmens, der in der Zeichnung maßstabsgetreu angegeben ist und insbesondere die ungewöhnliche Veränderung der Querschnitts-Umfangslängen im Bereich des Schlägerkopfes und insbesondere im Bereich des freien Schlägerkopfendes erkennen läßt.The choice of the special cross-sectional profile of the frame profile also ensures a comparatively low weight while ensuring all the required playing properties, which is preferably in the range from 310 g to 325 g and preferably 316 g. The static stiffness value of the racket according to the Ra test is 70 Hz and the first vibration frequency is 158.4 Hz. This applies to the covered frame, the center of gravity being 31.8 cm - measured from the end of the handle. These are values of an advantageous and preferably used embodiment, but essential for the invention is the cross-sectional profile of the profile frame explained, which is shown to scale in the drawing and in particular recognize the unusual change in the cross-sectional circumferential lengths in the area of the club head and in particular in the area of the free club head end leaves.

Aufgrund der Bespannung des Kopfteils eines Tennisschlägers ergeben sich im Kopfteil des Rahmens in der Bespannungsebene Biegemomente, deren Größe an den verschiedenen Stellen des Rahmens unterschiedlich ist. Die Größe der Biegemomente hängt von dem Verhältnis der in Längs- und Querrichtung auftretenden Bespannungskräfte ab.Due to the covering of the head part of a tennis racket, bending moments result in the covering part in the covering part, the size of which is different at the different places of the frame. The size of the bending moments depends on the ratio of the covering forces occurring in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Um die nachteiligen Auswirkungen dieser in der Bespannungsebene auftretenden Biegemomente zu beseitigen, wird gemäß der Erfindung die in der Bespannungsebene gemessene Breite des Rahmenquerschnitts so verändert, daß sich in allen Bereichen des Kopfteils des Schlägerahmens eine zumindest im wesentlichen konstante Verteilung der Beanspruchung ergibt.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of these bending moments occurring in the stringing plane, the width of the frame cross section measured in the stringing plane is changed so that an at least substantially constant distribution of the stress results in all areas of the head part of the racket frame.

Bei der in Figur 11 gezeigten Ausführungsform eines Tennisschlägers ist ein Maximum der Breite der Querschnittsfläche gemessen in der Bespannungsebene am oberen Ende des Kopfteils vorgesehen. Diese erhöhte lokale Verbreiterung des Querschnitts des Rahmens nimmt kontinuierlich bis zu dem Bereich der größten Breite des Kopfteils ab. Anschließend bleibt die Breite der Querschnittsfläche konstant.In the embodiment of a tennis racket shown in FIG. 11, a maximum of the width of the cross-sectional area measured in the stringing plane is provided at the upper end of the head part. This increased local broadening of the cross section of the frame decreases continuously up to the area of the greatest width of the head part. The width of the cross-sectional area then remains constant.

Figur 24 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines Tennisschlägers, bei der im Bereich der größten Breite des Kopfteils 2 eine lokale Vergrößerung 30, 31 der Breite der Querschnittsfläche des Rahmens vorgesehen ist und auch am oberen Ende 15 des Rahmens eine solche Vergrößerung 32 der Querschnittsbreite realisiert ist.FIG. 24 shows a preferred embodiment of a tennis racket, in which a local enlargement 30, 31 of the width of the cross-sectional area of the frame is provided in the area of the greatest width of the head part 2 and such an enlargement 32 of the cross-sectional width is also realized at the upper end 15 of the frame.

Die entsprechenden Querschnitte A, G, B, C, D, E, F sind maßstabsgetreu gezeichnet.The corresponding cross sections A, G, B, C, D, E, F are drawn to scale.

Wesentlich ist, daß sich der lokale Maximalwert der Querschnittsbreite im Schnitt G-G in Richtung des Schnittes B-B bis auf einen Minimalwert, der dem Wert an der Symmetriestelle A-A entspricht, verringert und dann wieder kontinuierlich. größer wird, bis der Maximalwert der Querschnittsbreite am oberen Ende 15 im Schnitt F-F erreicht ist.It is essential that the local maximum value of the cross-sectional width in the section G-G in the direction of the section B-B is reduced to a minimum value which corresponds to the value at the point of symmetry A-A and then again continuously. becomes larger until the maximum value of the cross-sectional width at the upper end 15 in section F-F is reached.

Claims (16)

  1. Tennis racket with a handle portion, extending substantially along the longitudinal axis, a head portion, defined by a frame with a loop-shaped opening, a string portion which is attached at the frame and is stretched substantially in one plane crosswise over the opening, two connecting arms, extending between the head portion and the handle portion, and a reinforcement member, extending between the two connecting arms,
    characterized in that the head portion (2) comprises a main region (13), wherein the height (H) of the frame (3), perpendicular to the plane of the string portion (5), is at least substantially constant, which main region (13) extends from the ends of the connecting arms (6, 6') up to behind the region of the head portion (2) of the racket showing in the plane of the string portion (5) the maximum width perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (LL) and comprises an end portion (14) connected to it, wherein, towards the upper end (15) thereof, the width (W) of the frame (3) according to the plane of the string portion (5) increases, and that the handle portion (1) comprises a core (16) and a covering layer (18) covering the core (16) and defining the maximum height and width of the handle portion (1), whereby the mechanical stiffnesses of the handle portion (1), this means the bending stiffness in the plane of the string portion (5), the bending stiffness in a plane perpendicular to it and the torsion stiffness, are defined substantially by the core (16).
  2. Tennis racket according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the width (W) of the frame (3) in the end portion (14), starting from the width (W) of the frame (3) in the main region (13), increases up to a value between 100% up to 200% at the end (15) of the head portion (2).
  3. Tennis racket according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that the width (W) of the frame (3) in the main region (13) amounts to between 50% and 75 % of the height (H) of the frame (3).
  4. Tennis racket according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that the height of the frame (3) in the end portion (14) corresponds to the height (H) of the frame (3) in the main region (13) or is reduced to between 50 % and 100 % of the height (H) of the frame (3) in the main region (13).
  5. Tennis racket according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that the total length of the racket, measured from the end (15) of the head portion (2) up to the end (24) of the handle portion (1) amounts to between 675 mm and 695 mm, especially approximately 682 mm, whereby the length of the main part of the handle portion (1) lies between 1/4 and 1/3 of the total length of the racket and the minimum height of the core (16) of the handle portion (1) amounts to between 11,5 mm and 21 mm.
  6. Tennis racket according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that the height (H) of the frame (3) in the main region (13) amounts to between 26 mm and 35 mm and preferably 29 mm, that the width (W) of the frame (3) in the main region (13) amounts to between 15 mm and 21 mm and preferably 18 mm, the minimum height (Hm) of the frame approximately 22 mm and the height (H) of the frame (3) in the end portion (14) between 26 mm and 35 mm and preferably 29 mm, whereas the maximum width (WM) of the frame (3) in the end portion (14) amounts to approximately 25 mm.
  7. Tennis racket according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the reinforcement member (7) between the two connecting arms (6, 6') towards its center shows an increasing height and a decreasing width, and that the circumference length of the cross section of the reinforcement member (7), independent from the position of the cross section in longitudinal direction of the reinforcement member (7) is substantially constant.
  8. Tennis racket according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that the frame (3) consists of a pipe-shaped, thin-walled closed profile, having at its outer surface opposite the opening (4) a bent inward, concave section (8) and two wall sections (9), connecting the concave section (8) to upper and lower cone sections (10, 11), which wall sections (9) are inclined in respect to the plane of the string portion (5) with an angle α between 25° and 65°, especially with an angle α of 45°, and that the profile in the region of the outer, bent inward, concave section (8) is reinforced, whereby preferably the profile consists of a composite material and the reinforcement is formed by two overlapping layers of this composite material.
  9. Tennis racket according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that, at least in the end region (14) of the head portion (2), the cross section circumference of the frame and, thus, the mass in the longitudinal course of the frame, are substantially constant, and that the cross section circumference of subsequent sections of the connecting arms (6, 6') becomes shorter from the head portion (2) towards the handle portion (1) and the overlapping length of the composite material, forming these arms (6, 6'), increases from the head portion (2) towards the handle portion (1).
  10. Tennis racket according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that an impacting tennis ball excites a first resonance frequency approximately between 130 Hz and 180 Hz and a second resonance frequency approximately between 350 Hz and 450 Hz, that both frequencies excite wave shapes within the racket perpendicularly to the racket plane, whereby the wave shape (M1) resulting from the first frequency shows two nodal lines (at 19 and 20) and the wave shape (M2) resulting from the second frequency three nodal lines (at 21, 22 and 23) with an oscillation amplitude of zero, and that the dimensions, materials and weight distributions of the racket are chosen such, that a nodal line (at 20) belonging to the first frequency substantially lies in the center of the head portion (2) and the other nodal line (at 20) as well as a nodal line (at 23) belonging to the second frequency lies as near as possible at the place which is gripped by the hand of the tennis player, and that the residual two nodal lines (at 21 and 22) belonging to the second frequency are arranged within the region of the transition of the connecting arms (6, 6') into the head portion (2) and within the region of the transition from the main portion (13) of the head portion (2) into the end portion (14), whereby preferably the nodal lines (at 20 and 23) in the handle portion (1) lie at a distance of approximately 5 cm of the free end (24) thereof.
  11. Tennis racket according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the circumference of the cross section planes of the profile frame in the region of the head portion (2) increases at least in the upper half of the head portion (2), adversed from the handle portion (1), towards the free frame end and preferably is ≧ 85 mm, whereby especially the circumference of the cross section of the profile frame, lying within the longitudinal racket axis, amounts to approximately 90 mm and approximately shows the form of a circle.
  12. Tennis racket according to claim 11,
    characterized in that the profile frame in the region of the head portion (2) possesses a constant cross-sectional height, measured perpendicularly to the racket plane, and that the cross-sectional width of the profile frame, measured perpendicularly to it, from the transitional region between head portion (2) and connecting arms (6, 6') up to approximately the last third of the head portion (2) remains unchanged and subsequently increases continually up to a maximum value which preferably is only slightly smaller than the cross-sectional height of the profile frame, whereby, at a cross-sectional height of the profile frame of approximately 28 mm, the cross-sectional width increases from approximately 18 mm to 25 mm and the cross section transites from an approximately oval shape to an approximately circular shape.
  13. Tennis racket according to claim 12,
    characterized in that the reinforcement member (7) shows a substantially round cross section and the cross-sectional height of this reinforcement member comprises approximately one third of the maximum cross-sectional height of the frame in the region of the head portion.
  14. Tennis racket according to claim 12,
    characterized in that the connecting arms (6, 6') show a substantially oval cross section, the height and width of which continually diminish towards the handle (1).
  15. Tennis racket according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the cross-sectional surface of the frame (3) in the plane of the string portion of the head portion (2) shows locally widened sections (30, 31, 32) at the upper end (15) and/or opposite each other in the region of the maximum width of the head portion (2).
  16. Tennis racket according to claim 15,
    characterized in that a local enlargement (32) of the cross-sectional width, provided at the upper end (15) of the head portion (2), either diminishes down to the region of the maximum width of the head portion and then the cross-sectional width remains substantially constant, or diminishes approximately over a section of 45° and subsequently increases again over a further section of 45° until it reaches the maximum value of local widenings of the cross section (30, 31) which are provided in the region of the maximum width of the head portion.
EP91119160A 1990-11-26 1991-11-11 Tennis racket Expired - Lifetime EP0487963B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95200991A EP0671186A1 (en) 1990-11-26 1991-11-11 Tennis racket
US07/878,685 US5299801A (en) 1991-05-23 1992-05-05 Tennis racket

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4037568 1990-11-26
DE4037568A DE4037568A1 (en) 1990-11-26 1990-11-26 TENNIS RACKET
DE4116901 1991-05-23
DE4116901A DE4116901A1 (en) 1991-05-23 1991-05-23 Tennis racket with stiff head on flexible connecting arm

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EP0487963A1 EP0487963A1 (en) 1992-06-03
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AT (1) ATE129912T1 (en)
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US6447412B1 (en) 2000-04-18 2002-09-10 Ef Composite Technologies, L.P. Sports racket with undulations in frame interior surface
JP4515671B2 (en) * 2001-08-28 2010-08-04 Sriスポーツ株式会社 Racket frame
PT10466T (en) * 2009-08-24 2010-02-24 Jose Manuel Silvestre Monteiro DOUBLE-FACE TENNIS RACKET
DE102021004130B3 (en) 2021-08-11 2022-08-11 Head Technology Gmbh Ball game racquet frame with improved torsion
DE202021002644U1 (en) 2021-08-11 2021-09-21 Head Technology Gmbh Ball game racket frame with improved torsion

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US2282195A (en) * 1941-02-05 1942-05-05 Compte John M Le Racket
DE2738997A1 (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-15 Reinhold Sommer Tennis racket with hollow section frame - deflects under impact of ball to increase elasticity and help control stroke played
DE3379712D1 (en) * 1982-09-27 1989-06-01 Soong Tsai C Frame for sports racket
BE1000689A6 (en) * 1987-07-14 1989-03-14 Donnay Donnay S A Ets Tennis racket, squash sport or similar.
IN170468B (en) * 1987-08-04 1992-03-28 Wilson Sporting Goods
DE8715560U1 (en) * 1987-11-24 1988-03-10 Tegro GmbH Groß- und Einzelhandel für Tennisartikel, 8702 Leinach Rackets especially for squash

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DE59106859D1 (en) 1995-12-14
JPH05168730A (en) 1993-07-02
ES2079544T3 (en) 1996-01-16
ATE129912T1 (en) 1995-11-15
EP0671186A1 (en) 1995-09-13
EP0487963A1 (en) 1992-06-03

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