EP0460988B1 - Drive mechanism having a camshaft and force transmission means with roller - Google Patents
Drive mechanism having a camshaft and force transmission means with roller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0460988B1 EP0460988B1 EP91401298A EP91401298A EP0460988B1 EP 0460988 B1 EP0460988 B1 EP 0460988B1 EP 91401298 A EP91401298 A EP 91401298A EP 91401298 A EP91401298 A EP 91401298A EP 0460988 B1 EP0460988 B1 EP 0460988B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- semi
- cylindrical wall
- axis
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
- F01L1/182—Centre pivot rocking arms the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/08—Shape of cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
- F01L1/143—Tappets; Push rods for use with overhead camshafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
- F01M9/101—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of cam surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
- F01M9/107—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of rocker shaft bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
- F01L2305/02—Mounting of rollers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
- Y10T74/20576—Elements
- Y10T74/20882—Rocker arms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/21—Elements
- Y10T74/2101—Cams
- Y10T74/2107—Follower
Definitions
- the invention relates to camshaft control devices and roller force transmitting means, making it possible to transmit an alternating movement, which is communicated by the cam of a camshaft rotating in a constant direction around its axis, to a mechanical member which is driven by a reciprocating movement and which is held in abutment on said cam by elastic return means.
- These control devices are arranged to transmit the reciprocating movement to the mechanical member or else by means of a pusher carrying said roller and cooperating directly with said mechanical member (control by camshaft at the head), or indirectly by by means of a rocker arm oscillating around an axis and comprising a driving part which carries said roller and cooperates with the cam of the camshaft and a driven part which cooperates with the above-mentioned mechanical member.
- the invention relates more particularly to control devices in which the force transmitting means with rollers are highly mechanically loaded, that is to say capable of transmitting significant efforts to ensure the mechanical organ a very rapid lifting and large amplitude.
- the invention applies in particular, but not exclusively, to two-stroke engines with loop scanning, through the cylinder head, controlled exclusively by valves in order to actuate them.
- valves In order to actuate them.
- this section is compared to that of lights arranged in the jacket of or of each engine cylinder, it is indeed desirable to open the valves in the shortest possible time, giving the cam the "stiffest" profile possible.
- this type of two-stroke engine, with valve scanning generally has masks partially blocking the passage freed by the intake valve when it is open, in order to reduce short- air circuits between the intake and exhaust ports. The presence of these masks further reduces the flow section of the valves.
- a “substantially cylindrical roller” is a roller which has the shape of a cylinder of revolution, possibly with a slight bulge.
- the flanges are made in one piece with the driving part of the rocker arm.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 of these drawings represent a control device with camshaft and rocker arm established in accordance with the invention, in partial section respectively along lines I-I in FIG. 2 and II-II in FIG. 1.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 schematically represent each of the improvements made to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, by extracts on a larger scale of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 7 represents a variant of part of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 8 finally schematically represents a control device with camshaft and pusher.
- a known mechanism for controlling by camshaft 1 and rocker arm 2 generally comprises an axis 3 around which the rocker arm pivots 2.
- a roller 7 At the driving end of rocker arm 2 a roller 7, generally of a shape cylindrical. This roller 7 rolls, preferably without sliding, on the nose 8 of a cam 9 secured to the cam shaft 1.
- the driven end of the rocker arm 2 cooperates, generally by means of a spherical articulation 10, with a mechanical member driven by an alternating movement, generally rectilinear or approximately rectilinear, such as valve stem 11, rocker stem, element injection pump or other.
- FIG. 1 shows in solid line the valve head 14 in position d opening and in phantom in the closed position, in abutment on the seat 15.
- the roller 7 pivots on itself in a cavity 16 which is arranged in the driving part of the rocker arm 2 and delimited on the one hand by a circular semi-cylindrical wall 17, of axis XX parallel to the geometrical axis YY of rotation of the rocker arm 2 around the material axis 3 thereof and on the other hand by the interior walls of two plane lateral flanges 18 perpendicular to the axis XX of the semi-cylindrical wall 17.
- the direction of rotation of the roller, as well as that of the camshaft 1, will be chosen so that the extreme generator 20 is as close as possible to the axis 3.
- the flanges 18 are made in one piece with the driving part of the rocker arm 2, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
- the outlet for the arrival of pressurized oil 19 on the semi-cylindrical wall 17 is advantageously constituted by a transverse groove 21, arranged along the generator 20.
- the above-mentioned arrival of pressurized oil 19 is essentially constituted by a channel 22 formed in the body of the rocker arm 2 and communicating with the oil supply circuit (not shown) via a peripheral groove 23 formed in axis 3, with a radial passage 24 provided in axis 3 and a channel 25 pierced longitudinally in axis 3.
- the channel 22 can open directly into the groove 21, as shown in FIG. 1, or with the interposition of unidirectional means, located as close as possible to the outlet on the semi-cylindrical wall 17 and advantageously constituted by a non-return ball valve 26 , as shown in Figure 4, which has the effect of preventing the oil contained in the cavity 16 to be sucked back towards the channel 25 in the case of fluctuations in the pressure of the oil supply circuit.
- the roller 7 is used in the cavity 16 in the manner of a hydrostatic piston in a cylinder supplied with oil under pressure, and this advantageously extending, as shown in FIG. 3, the semi-cylindrical wall 17 d axis XX by two walls 27 parallel to each other and to axis XX and tangent respectively to the ends of this semi-cylindrical wall 17.
- the permanent supply (in operation) of a hydrodynamic oil film in the gap limited by the semi-cylindrical wall 17 and by the cylindrical surface of the roller 7, prevents wear by preventing any metal / metal contact between the roller 7 and the body of the rocker arm 2, it may be advantageous to coat the surfaces in relative motion, or at least the semi-cylindrical wall 17, with an anti-friction coating such as, for example, a cuprous electrolytic deposit.
- the roller 7 is full.
- the roller 7 is preferably hollow and pierced, right through, with an axial hole 32 whose diameter, taking into account the material of which this roller 7 is made, is sufficiently weak to prevent any permanent deformation of said roller 7, under the forces to which it is subjected in operation, but sufficiently large to allow the elastic deformation of this roller 7 in contact with the cam 9 so as to reduce the Hertz pressure of the contact.
- the inside diameter Di of the roller 7 is of the order of 70% of its outside diameter De.
- a spacer cylindrical circular 33 with an outside diameter less than the inside diameter Di of the hollow roller 7, is mounted in the axis XX of the semi-cylindrical wall 17, integrally with the two lateral flanges 18, in which case the tongues 28 are no longer necessary.
- a rocker control device is thus obtained, the operation of which is as follows.
- the oil arriving under pressure in the groove 21 is distributed in the cavity 16 by the rotating roller 7 and it is maintained there under an intermediate pressure which depends on the supply pressure and the section of the leakage passage formed by the clearance between the roller 7 and the walls of its housing.
- a film of hydrostatic oil is thus maintained between the roller 7 and its housing and not only ensures the lubrication of the roller, but also its suspension inside the housing allowing it to roll despite the absence of a material axis and its keeping pressed against the cam 9, without the appearance of the usual rattling.
- the pusher 34 acts directly on the mechanical member or valve stem 11 and in that the oil inlet channel 25 is disposed in the guide 35 of the pusher 34 and is connected to the channel 22 formed in the pusher 34 by means of an annular groove 36 formed at the periphery of the pusher 34.
- the operating mode and the advantages of the pusher control device 34 are identical to those of the rocker control devices 2 or can be easily deduced by specialists.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
L'invention est relative aux dispositifs de commande par arbres à came et moyens transmetteurs d'efforts à galet, permettant de transmettre un mouvement alternatif, qui est communiqué par la came d'un arbre à came tournant en sens constant autour de son axe, à un organe mécanique qui est animé d'un mouvement alternatif et qui est maintenu en appui sur ladite came par des moyens de rappel élastiques. Ces dispositifs de commande sont agencés pour transmettre le mouvement alternatif à l'organe mécanique ou bien par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir portant ledit galet et coopérant directement avec ledit organe mécanique (commande par arbre à came en tête), ou bien indirectement par l'intermédiaire d'un culbuteur oscillant autour d'un axe et comportant une partie menante qui porte ledit galet et coopère avec la came de l'arbre à came et une partie menée qui coopère avec le susdit organe mécanique. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement les dispositifs de commande dont les moyens transmetteurs d'efforts à galets sont très chargés mécaniquement, c'est-à-dire capables de transmettre des efforts importants pour assurer à l'organe mécanique une levée très rapide et de grande amplitude.The invention relates to camshaft control devices and roller force transmitting means, making it possible to transmit an alternating movement, which is communicated by the cam of a camshaft rotating in a constant direction around its axis, to a mechanical member which is driven by a reciprocating movement and which is held in abutment on said cam by elastic return means. These control devices are arranged to transmit the reciprocating movement to the mechanical member or else by means of a pusher carrying said roller and cooperating directly with said mechanical member (control by camshaft at the head), or indirectly by by means of a rocker arm oscillating around an axis and comprising a driving part which carries said roller and cooperates with the cam of the camshaft and a driven part which cooperates with the above-mentioned mechanical member. The invention relates more particularly to control devices in which the force transmitting means with rollers are highly mechanically loaded, that is to say capable of transmitting significant efforts to ensure the mechanical organ a very rapid lifting and large amplitude.
L' invention s'applique en particulier, mais non exclusivement, aux moteurs à deux temps à balayage en boucle, à travers la culasse, commandé exclusivement par des soupapes en vue d'actionner celles-ci. Pour compenser la médiocre section offerte par une soupape au passage du fluide moteur, si l'on compare cette section à celle de lumières aménagées dans la chemise du ou de chaque cylindre du moteur, il est en effet souhaitable d'ouvrir les soupapes dans le laps de temps le plus court possible en donnant à la came le profil le plus "raide" possible. Par ailleurs, il est connu que ce type de moteur à deux temps, à balayage par soupapes, présente généralement des masques obturant partiellement le passage libéré par la soupape d'admission lorsqu'elle est ouverte, afin de réduire autant que possible les courts-circuits d'air entre les orifices d'admission et d'échappement. La présence de ces masques diminue encore la section débitante des soupapes. Pour compenser cette réduction de la section périphérique, on est conduit à augmenter, plus que ce qu'il est d'usage, la levée de ces soupapes. L'accroissement, dans un temps réduit, de cette levée pose des problèmes d'inertie qui se traduisent par une charge excessive des moyens transmetteurs d'efforts à galet et, en particulier, des culbuteurs lorsque la géométrie des culasses et la disposition de l'arbre à came imposent leur présence.The invention applies in particular, but not exclusively, to two-stroke engines with loop scanning, through the cylinder head, controlled exclusively by valves in order to actuate them. To compensate for the poor section offered by a valve for the passage of the working fluid, if this section is compared to that of lights arranged in the jacket of or of each engine cylinder, it is indeed desirable to open the valves in the shortest possible time, giving the cam the "stiffest" profile possible. Furthermore, it is known that this type of two-stroke engine, with valve scanning, generally has masks partially blocking the passage freed by the intake valve when it is open, in order to reduce short- air circuits between the intake and exhaust ports. The presence of these masks further reduces the flow section of the valves. To compensate for this reduction in the peripheral section, we are led to increase, more than is customary, the lifting of these valves. The increase, in a reduced time, of this lifting poses inertia problems which result in an excessive load of the roller-transmitting force transmitting means and, in particular, of the rocker arms when the geometry of the cylinder heads and the arrangement of the 'camshaft impose their presence.
En vue d'éliminer certains inconvénients des susdits dispositifs de commande dont le galet est porté par un axe, il a été proposé, dans le document US-A-4.909.197, de supprimer cet axe et de monter le galet de façon qu'il tourne sur lui-même dans une cavité qui est ménagée dans la partie menante et délimitée, d'une part, par une paroi semi-cylindrique et, d'autre part, par les parois intérieures de deux flasques latéraux plans perpendiculaires à l'axe de la paroi semi-cylindrique. Mais ce document ne fait mention ni d'une arrivée d'huile sous pression dans ladite cavité, ni de la valeur des jeux entre le galet et son logement, et décrit d'ailleurs un mode de réalisation préféré (figure 5 et revendication 10) dans lequel une gorge annulaire menagée dans le galet empêcherait l'établissement d'une pression d'huile notable dans la susdite cavité au cas où il y serait introduit de l'huile sous pression.With a view to eliminating certain drawbacks of the above control devices, the roller of which is carried by an axis, it has been proposed, in document US-A-4,909,197, to delete this axis and to mount the roller so that it turns on itself in a cavity which is formed in the driving and delimited part, on the one hand, by a semi-cylindrical wall and, on the other hand, by the internal walls of two flat lateral flanges perpendicular to the axis of the semi-cylindrical wall. However, this document neither mentions an arrival of pressurized oil in said cavity, nor the value of the clearances between the roller and its housing, and moreover describes a preferred embodiment (FIG. 5 and claim 10) in which an annular groove formed in the roller would prevent the establishment of a significant oil pressure in the aforesaid cavity in the event that oil is introduced therein under pressure.
L'invention, qui a essentiellement pour but de remédier aux inconvénients de cet état de la technique, a pour objet un dispositif de commande, par arbre à came et à galet porté par un poussoir ou par un culbuteur, d'un organe mécanique animé d'un mouvement alternatif, notamment pour moteurs à combustion interne, constitué de moyens transmetteurs d'efforts depuis la came de l'arbre à came jusqu'audit organe mécanique et comportant une partie menante portant un galet sensiblement cylindrique qui coopère avec la came de l'arbre à came et une partie menée qui est solidaire de la partie menante et qui coopère avec ledit organe mécanique,
ledit organe mécanique se déplaçant entre deux positions extrêmes dont l'une correspond au déplacement maximal du galet sur la came et dont l'autre est déterminée par une butée fixe sur laquelle vient buter l'organe mécanique rappelé par des moyens de rappel élastiques lorsque le galet coopère avec la partie descendante du nez de la came,
- le galet tourillonnant sur lui-même (et non pas sur un axe) dans une cavité qui est aménagée dans la partie menante et délimitée d'une part par une paroi semi-cylindrique circulaire et d'autre part par les parois intérieures de deux flasques latéraux plans perpendiculaires à l'axe géométrique de la paroi semi-cylindrique,
- ladite paroi semi-cylindrique ayant un rayon légèrement supérieur au rayon extérieur du galet tandis que les parois intérieures des flasques latéraux sont séparées par une distance légèrement supérieure à la largeur du galet de manière à ne laisser entre le galet et, d'une part, les bords de la cavité semi-cylindrique et, d'autre part, les parois intérieures des flasques qu'un faible jeu de fonctionnement
caractérisé en ce que : - une arrivée permanente d'huile sous pression, communiquant avec un circuit d'alimentation en huile, débouche sur la paroi intérieure semi-cylindrique de la cavité, au voisinage de la génératrice extrême de la paroi semi-cylindrique située en amont, selon le sens de rotation du galet, et
ledit faible jeu étant tel que en fonctionnement, l'huile provenant de la susdite arrivée maintienne un film d'huile hydrodynamique entre le galet et les parois de la cavité assurant la lubrification et la suspension du galet dans ladite cavité et que les fuites latérales soient réduites au minimum.
said mechanical member moving between two extreme positions, one of which corresponds to the maximum displacement of the roller on the cam and the other of which is determined by a fixed stop on which the mechanical member abutted by elastic return means when the roller cooperates with the descending part of the nose of the cam,
- the roller swiveling on itself (and not on an axis) in a cavity which is arranged in the driving part and delimited on the one hand by a circular semi-cylindrical wall and on the other hand by the interior walls of two flanges lateral planes perpendicular to the geometric axis of the semi-cylindrical wall,
- said semi-cylindrical wall having a radius slightly greater than the outer radius of the roller while the inner walls of the lateral flanges are separated by a distance slightly greater than the width of the roller so as not to leave between the roller and, on the one hand, the edges of the semi-cylindrical cavity and, on the other hand, the inner walls of the flanges that a small operating clearance
characterized in that: - a permanent supply of pressurized oil, communicating with an oil supply circuit, opens onto the semi-cylindrical inner wall of the cavity, in the vicinity of the extreme generator of the semi-cylindrical wall situated upstream, in the direction rotation of the roller, and
said small clearance being such that in operation, the oil coming from the above-mentioned arrival maintains a film of hydrodynamic oil between the roller and the walls of the cavity ensuring the lubrication and suspension of the roller in said cavity and that the lateral leaks are minimized.
Dans ce contexte, on appelle "galet sensiblement cylindrique" un galet qui a la forme d'un cylindre de révolution, avec éventuellement un léger bombé.In this context, a "substantially cylindrical roller" is a roller which has the shape of a cylinder of revolution, possibly with a slight bulge.
De préférence, les flasques sont constitués d'une seule pièce avec la partie menante du culbuteur.Preferably, the flanges are made in one piece with the driving part of the rocker arm.
Ainsi qu'il sera expliqué ci-après, un tel dispositif de commande remédie effectivement aux inconvénients des dispositifs de commande usuels à arbre à came et poussoir ou culbuteur.As will be explained below, such a control device effectively remedies the drawbacks of the usual control devices with camshaft and pusher or rocker arm.
L'invention va être exposée plus en détail à l'aide des dessins annexés.The invention will be explained in more detail using the accompanying drawings.
Les figures 1 et 2 de ces dessins représentent un dispositif de commande à arbre à came et culbuteur établi conformément à l'invention, en coupe partielle respectivement selon les lignes I-I de la figure 2 et II-II de la figure 1.FIGS. 1 and 2 of these drawings represent a control device with camshaft and rocker arm established in accordance with the invention, in partial section respectively along lines I-I in FIG. 2 and II-II in FIG. 1.
Les figures 3 à 6 représentent schématiquement chacune des perfectionnements apportés au mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2, par des extraits à plus grande échelle de la figure 1.FIGS. 3 to 6 schematically represent each of the improvements made to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, by extracts on a larger scale of FIG. 1.
La figure 7 représente une variante d'une partie de la figure 2.FIG. 7 represents a variant of part of FIG. 2.
La figure 8 enfin représente schématiquement un dispositif de commande à arbre à came et poussoir.FIG. 8 finally schematically represents a control device with camshaft and pusher.
Avant de décrire l'invention, il paraît utile de rappeler l'état de la technique en ce qui concerne les dispositifs de commande à culbuteur.Before describing the invention, it seems useful to recall the state of the art as regards rocker control devices.
Comme le montrent les figures 1 et 2, un mécanisme connu de commande par arbre à came 1 et culbuteur 2 comprend généralement un axe 3 autour duquel pivote le culbuteur 2. A l'extrémité menante du culbuteur 2 tourillonne un galet 7, généralement de forme cylindrique. Ce galet 7 roule, de préférence sans glissement, sur le nez 8 d'une came 9 solidaire de l'arbre à came 1.As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a known mechanism for controlling by
L'extrémité menée du culbuteur 2 coopère, généralement par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation sphérique 10, avec un organe mécanique animé d'un mouvement alternatif, généralement rectiligne ou approximativement rectiligne, tel que tige de soupape 11, tige de culbuteur, élément de pompe d'injection ou autre.The driven end of the
Lorsque le galet 7 attaque la partie descendante 8a du nez de came 8, la cohésion de l'ensemble mécanique, en particulier l'appui du galet 7 sur la came 9, est assuré par un ressort de rappel 12 qui peut être mécanique, comme représenté schématiquement à la figure 1, ou pneumatique jusqu'à ce que la tige 11, ou organe analogue, rencontre une butée. Dans le cas où la tige 11 fait partie d'une soupape 13 dont la tête 14 coopère avec un siège 15, cette butée est en général constituée par ce siège 15. La figure 1 montre en trait plein la tête de soupape 14 en position d'ouverture et en trait mixte en position de fermeture, en butée sur le siège 15.When the
Par ailleurs, lorsque le nez 8 de la came 9 est effacé du fait de la rotation de l'arbre à came 1 (rotation schématisée par une flèche à la figure 1), un jeu de fonctionnement est prévu entre le galet 7 et la came 9 de telle manière que la tige 11 puisse se dilater sans contrainte. Une rampe de rattrapage de jeu 8b est prévue sur la came 9 pour permettre la prise de contact, avec le moins de choc possible, entre le nez 8 de la came 9 et le galet 7 au tour suivant, mais cette mesure est en général insuffisante pour supprimer totalement un tel choc et le bruit ou cliquetis qui en résulte.Furthermore, when the
Conformément à l'état de la technique défini par le document US-A-4.909.197, le galet 7 tourillonne sur lui-même dans une cavité 16 qui est aménagée dans la partie menante du culbuteur 2 et délimitée d'une part par une paroi semi-cylindrique circulaire 17, d'axe X-X parallèle à l'axe géométrique Y-Y de rotation du culbuteur 2 autour de l'axe matériel 3 de celui-ci et d'autre part par les parois intérieures de deux flasques latéraux plans 18 perpendiculaires à l'axe X-X de la paroi semi-cylindrique 17.In accordance with the state of the art defined by document US-A-4,909,197, the
Partant de cet état de la technique, le dispositif de commande selon l'invention, qui va d'abord être décrit dans son application aux culbuteurs, est identique aux dispositifs connus à l'exception du montage du galet 7 dans la partie menante du culbuteur 2, et il est essentiellement défini, comme illustré schématiquement aux figures 1 et 2, en ce que :
- une arrivée permanente d'huile sous
pression 19, communiquant avec un circuit d'alimentation en huile, débouche sur la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 de lacavité 16, au voisinage de la génératrice extrême 20 de la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 située en amont, selon le sens de rotation (schématisé par une flèche à la figure 1) dugalet 7 ; et
la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 a un rayon R légèrement supérieur au rayon extérieur 2 dugalet 7 et les parois intérieures des flasques latéraux 18 sont séparées par une distance L légèrement supérieure à la largeur dugalet 7, de manière à ne laisser entre legalet 7 et, d'une part, les bords de la cavité semi-cylindrique 17 et, d'autre part, les parois intérieures desflasques 18 qu'un jeu de fonctionnement suffisamment faible pour que, en fonctionnement, l'huile provenant de l'arrivée 19 maintienne un film d'huile hydrodynamique entre legalet 7 et les parois de lacavité 16 et que les fuites latérales d'huile soient réduites au minimum.
- a permanent supply of pressurized
oil 19, communicating with an oil supply circuit, opens onto thesemi-cylindrical wall 17 of thecavity 16, in the vicinity of theend generator 20 of thesemi-cylindrical wall 17 situated upstream , according to the direction of rotation (shown schematically by an arrow in Figure 1) of theroller 7; and
thesemi-cylindrical wall 17 has a radius R slightly greater than theouter radius 2 of theroller 7 and the inner walls of thelateral flanges 18 are separated by a distance L slightly greater than the width of theroller 7, so as not to leave between theroller 7 and, on the one hand, the edges of thesemi-cylindrical cavity 17 and, on the other hand, the inner walls of theflanges 18 that a sufficiently low operating clearance so that, in operation, the oil coming from theinlet 19 maintains a film of hydrodynamic oil between theroller 7 and the walls of thecavity 16 and that the lateral oil leaks are reduced to a minimum.
Le sens de rotation du galet, ainsi que celui de l'arbre à came 1, sera choisi de façon que la génératrice extrême 20 soit aussi voisine que possible de l'axe 3.The direction of rotation of the roller, as well as that of the
De préférence, les flasques 18 sont constitués d'une seule pièce avec la partie menante du culbuteur 2, comme montré schématiquement à la figure 2.Preferably, the
Le débouché de l'arrivée d'huile sous pression 19 sur la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 est avantageusement constitué par une gorge transversale 21, aménagée le long de la génératrice 20.The outlet for the arrival of pressurized
De préférence, la susdite arrivée d'huile sous pression 19 est essentiellement constituée par un canal 22 ménagé dans le corps du culbuteur 2 et communiquant avec le circuit d'alimentation en huile (non représenté) par l'intermédiaire d'une gorge périphérique 23 ménagée dans l'axe 3, d'un passage radial 24 prévu dans l'axe 3 et d'un canal 25 percé longitudinalement dans l'axe 3.Preferably, the above-mentioned arrival of pressurized
Le canal 22 peut déboucher directement dans la gorge 21, comme représenté à la figure 1, ou avec interposition de moyens unidirectionnels, situés au plus près du débouché sur la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 et avantageusement constitués par un clapet anti-retour à bille 26, comme représenté à la figure 4, ce qui a pour effet d'empêcher l'huile contenue dans la cavité 16 d'être réaspirée vers le canal 25 dans le cas de fluctuations de la pression du circuit d'alimentation en huile.The
Afin de rattraper automatiquement le jeu entre le galet 7 et la came 9 lorsque l'organe mécanique 11 coopérant avec la partie menée du culbuteur 2 est en appui sur sa butée telle que 15 (figure 1) du fait de l'action des moyens de rappel élastiques 12, on utilise le galet 7 dans la cavité 16 à la manière d'un piston hydrostatique dans un cylindre alimenté en huile sous pression, et ceci en prolongeant avantageusement, comme représenté à la figure 3, la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 d'axe X-X par deux parois 27 parallèles entre elles et à l'axe X-X et tangentes respectivement aux extrémités de cette paroi semi-cylindrique 17.In order to automatically make up for the play between the
Afin de maintenir en place le galet 7 dans la cavité 16, on pourra prolonger, comme représenté à la figure 5, les deux extrémités de la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 (ou les deux parois parallèles 27 de la figure 3) respectivement par des languettes 28 dont les extrémités sont séparées par une distance légèrement inférieure au diamètre 2r du galet 7, comme représenté schématiquement à la figure 5. On choisira alors le métal dont est faite la partie menante du culbuteur 2 et/ou l'épaisseur des languettes 28 de façon à pouvoir mettre en place le galet 7 dans la cavité 16 par une poussée suffisante pour écarter élastiquement les extrémités des languettes 28, au passage du galet 7, ces extrémités reprenant ensuite élastiquement leur distance initiale de façon à emprisonner avec jeu le galet 7.In order to keep the
Quoique l'alimentation permanente (en fonctionnement) d'un film d'huile hydrodynamique, dans l'interstice limité par la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 et par la surface cylindrique du galet 7, évite l'usure en empêchant tout contact métal/métal entre le galet 7 et le corps du culbuteur 2, il peut être avantageux de revêtir les surfaces en mouvement relatif, ou du moins la paroi semi-cylindrique 17, d'un revêtement anti-friction tel que, par exemple, un dépôt électrolytique cuivreux.Although the permanent supply (in operation) of a hydrodynamic oil film, in the gap limited by the
On pourra également, comme montré à la figure 6, interposer entre le galet 7 et le culbuteur 2 une coquille métallique semi-cylindrique mince 29 en matériau anti-friction prenant appui sur la paroi semi-cylindrique 17 de la cavité désignée par 16 à la figure 1. Il faudra alors aménager un passage d'huile 30 à travers la coquille 29 et pratiquer la gorge 21 dans cette coquille pour permettre d'alimenter en huile l'interstice 31 entre le galet 7 et la coquille 29.It will also be possible, as shown in FIG. 6, to interpose between the
Sur les représentations en élévation des figures 1 et 3 à 6, le galet 7 est plein. Néanmoins et comme représenté en coupe à la figure 7, le galet 7 est de préférence creux et percé, de part en part, d'un trou axial 32 dont le diamètre, compte tenu de la matière dont est fait ce galet 7, est suffisamment faible pour empêcher toute déformation permanente dudit galet 7, sous les efforts auxquels il est soumis en fonctionnement, mais suffisamment grand pour permettre la déformation élastique de ce galet 7 au contact de la came 9 de manière à réduire la pression de Hertz du contact. De préférence, le diamètre intérieur Di du galet 7 est de l'ordre de 70 % de son diamètre extérieur De. En variante, une entretoise cylindrique circulaire 33, de diamètre extérieur inférieur au diamètre intérieur Di du galet creux 7, est montée dans l'axe X-X de la paroi semi-cylindrique 17, solidairement avec les deux flasques latéraux 18, auquel cas les languettes 28 ne sont plus nécessaires.In the elevation representations of Figures 1 and 3 to 6, the
On obtient ainsi un dispositif de commande à culbuteur dont le fonctionnement est le suivant. L'huile arrivant sous pression dans la gorge 21 est répartie dans la cavité 16 par le galet 7 en rotation et elle y est maintenue sous une pression intermédiaire qui dépend de la pression d'alimentation et de la section du passage de fuite constitué par le jeu entre le galet 7 et les parois de son logement. Un film d'huile hydrostatique est ainsi entretenu entre le galet 7 et son logement et assure non seulement la lubrification du galet, mais encore sa suspension à l'intérieur du logement lui permettant de rouler malgré l'absence d'un axe matériel et son maintien en appui contre la came 9, sans apparition du cliquetis habituel.A rocker control device is thus obtained, the operation of which is as follows. The oil arriving under pressure in the
Ce dispositif de commande présente les avantages suivants :
- augmentation très importante de la surface portante du palier du galet 7, permettant de charger très fortement le culbuteur (levées rapides et de grande amplitude ; vitesses de rotation élevées) ;
- rattrapage de jeu automatique entre la came 9 et le galet 7 (sans qu'il soit besoin de mettre en oeuvre des poussoirs hydrauliques coûteux et complexes) ;
- fonctionnement de longue durée sans usure du fait du film hydrodynamique entretenu par la rotation du galet 7 ;
- tolérance élevée sur les défauts de perpendicularité entre l'axe 3 du culbuteur 2 et sa direction longitudinale (rattrapage hydraulique des défauts de perpendicularité).
- very significant increase in the bearing surface of the bearing of the
roller 7, making it possible to load the rocker arm very strongly (rapid lifts and of large amplitude; high rotation speeds); - automatic backlash adjustment between the
cam 9 and the roller 7 (without the need to use expensive and complex hydraulic tappets); - long-term operation without wear due to the hydrodynamic film maintained by the rotation of the
roller 7; - high tolerance on perpendicularity defects between
axis 3 ofrocker arm 2 and its longitudinal direction (hydraulic compensation for perpendicularity defects).
Dans la description des figures, il a été supposé jusqu'ici que, dans le dispositif de commande à arbre à came, le galet 7 était porté par la partie menante d'un culbuteur 2 mais l'invention s'applique tout aussi bien lorsque le galet 7 est porté par un poussoir 34 animé du même mouvement alternatif que l'organe mécanique 11, comme le montre schématiquement la figure 8. Les éléments de cette figure 8 qui sont identiques ou analogues à des éléments de figures précédentes y sont désignés par les mêmes signes de référence et il suffit donc de se reporter, à leur sujet, à la description de ces figures précédentes. Les seules différences notables consistent en ce que le poussoir 34 agit directement sur l'organe mécanique ou tige de soupape 11 et en ce que le canal d'arrivée d'huile 25 est disposé dans le guide 35 du poussoir 34 et est relié au canal 22 ménagé dans le poussoir 34 par l'intermédiaire d'une gorge annulaire 36 ménagée à la périphérie du poussoir 34. Le mode de fonctionnement et les avantages du dispositif de commande à poussoir 34 sont identiques à ceux des dispositifs de commande à culbuteur 2 ou peuvent en être déduits aisément par les spécialistes.In the description of the figures, it has hitherto been assumed that, in the camshaft control device, the
Claims (15)
- A control device, with camshaft (1) and roller (7) resting on a push rod or rocker arm, for a mechanical member (11) having an alternating motion, notably for internal combustion engines, made up by force-transmitting means from cam (9) of camshaft (1) to said mechanical member (11) and including a leading part bearing an essentially cylindrical roller (7) which cooperates with cam (9) of camshaft (1) and a led part which is rigid with the leading part and cooperates with said mechanical member (11),
said mechanical member (11) moving between two extreme positions of which one corresponds to the maximal displacement of roller (7) on cam (9) and the other is determined by a fixed stop (15) on which abuts the mechanical member (11) which is recalled by elastic return means (12) when roller (7) cooperates with the downward part (8a) of the nose (8) of cam (9),- roller (7) swivelling about itself in a recess (16) which is arranged in the leading part and bordered on the one hand by a circular semi-cylindrical wall (17) and on the other hand by the internal walls of two flat lateral flanges (18) which are perpendicular to the geometrical axis (X-X) of the semi-cylindrical wall (17),- said semi-cylindrical wall (17) having a radius (R) which is slightly larger than the external radius (r) of roller (7), whereas the internal walls of lateral flanges (18) are separated by a distance (L) which is slightly larger than the width (1) of roller (7) so as to leave between roller (7) and, on the one hand, the edges of the semi-cylindrical wall (17) and, on the other hand, the internal walls of flanges (18) only a small operating clearance,
characterized in that :- a pressurized permanent oil inlet (19) communicating with an oil feeding circuit, leads to the semi-cylindrical internal wall (17) of recess (16), near the outmost upstream generatrix (20) of the semi-cylindrical wall (17), according to the rotation direction of roller (7), and- said small clearance being such that, in operation, the oil from inlet (19) maintains a hydrodynamic oil film between roller (7) and the walls of recess (16) which ensures lubrication and suspension of roller (7) in the recess (16) and that the lateral oil leakage is reduced to a minimum. - A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flanges (18) are integral with the leading part.
- A device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the ending of the pressurized oil inlet (19) on the semi-cylindrical wall (17) is made up by a transverse groove (21) arranged along the outmost upstream generatrix (20).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that unidirectional means, advantageously made up by a ball check-valve (26), are interposed in the pressurized oil circuit nearest to the ending thereof on the semi-cylindrical wall (17).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the semi-cylindrical wall (17) having axis (X-X) is lenghtened with two walls (27) which are parallel between them and with axis (X-X) and tangent respectively to the ends of this semi-cylindrical wall (17).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the two ends of the semi-cylindrical wall (17) or the two parallel walls (27) are lenghtened respectively with tongues (28) the ends of which are separated by a distance which is slightly smaller than the diameter of roller (7).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the surfaces in a relative motion, or at least the semi-cylindrical wall (17), are coated with an anti-friction coating, such as, for instance, a cupreous electrolytic deposit.
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between roller (7) and the leading part is interposed a thin semi-cylindrical metal shell (29) made up of an anti-friction material and resting on the semi-cylindrical wall (17) of recess (16), a passage for oil (30) being arranged through shell (29).
- A device according to claims 3 and 8, characterized in that the transverse groove (21) is arranged in shell (29), the passage for oil (30) leading to this groove (21).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the roller (7) is hollow and pierced from end to end by an axial hole (32) having a diameter which is sufficiently small to avoid any permanent warping of roller (7) but sufficiently large to allow the elastic deformation of roller (7), due to its contact with cam (9).
- A device according to claim 10, characterized in that the inside diameter (Di) of the hollow roller (7) is in the order of 70 % of the external diameter (De) of this roller (7).
- A device according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that a circular cylindrical spacer (33), having an external diameter which is smaller than the internal diameter (Di) of the hollow roller (7), is arranged along the axis (X-X) of the semi-cylindrical wall (17) rigid with the two lateral flanges (18).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said force-transmitting means are made up by a push rod (34) undergoing the same alternating motion at least approximately in a straight line, than said mechanical member (11).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said force-transmitting means are made up by a rocker arm (2) oscillating about an axis (3) which is parallel with the geometrical axis (X-X) of roller (7).
- A device according to claim 14, characterized in that said pressurized oil inlet (19) is essentially made up by a canal (22) which is arranged in the body of rocker arm (2) and communicates with the oil feeding circuit through a peripheral groove (23) on axis (3), a radial passage (24) arranged in axis (3) and a canal (25) longitudinally pierced in axis (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9007161 | 1990-06-08 | ||
FR9007161A FR2663091B1 (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1990-06-08 | CONTROL DEVICE BY CAMSHAFT AND ROLLER EFFORT TRANSMITTERS. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0460988A1 EP0460988A1 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
EP0460988B1 true EP0460988B1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
Family
ID=9397422
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91401298A Expired - Lifetime EP0460988B1 (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1991-05-21 | Drive mechanism having a camshaft and force transmission means with roller |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5186130A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0460988B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH05106410A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69107687T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2069235T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2663091B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
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FR2640412B1 (en) * | 1988-12-13 | 1991-01-04 | Filotex Sa | SHIELDED ELECTRIC CABLE PROVIDED WITH DRIVED QUICK CONNECTION AREAS |
DE4234868C2 (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1999-10-28 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Process for the production of a rocker arm or rocker arm |
US5239951A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1993-08-31 | Ford Motor Company | Valve lifter |
DE4241633A1 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1994-06-16 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg | Valve rocker arm/lifter for valve drive - has stop discs positioned precisely by holders between roller and lever sides |
US5361733A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1994-11-08 | General Motors Corporation | Compact valve lifters |
US5431133A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-07-11 | General Motors Corporation | Low mass two-step valve lifter |
DE19524332A1 (en) * | 1995-07-04 | 1997-01-09 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg | Cam follower for a valve train of an internal combustion engine |
US5566652A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1996-10-22 | Eaton Corporation | Light weight cam follower |
DE19641791B4 (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 2005-06-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Roller drive, in particular for fuel injection pumps |
IT1279049B1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-12-04 | Eaton Automotive Spa | DIRECT ACTING MECHANICAL PUNTER EQUIPPED WITH A ROLL FOR CONTACT WITH THE CAM OF THE CAMSHAFT OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US5758620A (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1998-06-02 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Engine compression brake system |
US5921209A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-07-13 | Chrysler Corporation | Roller arrangement for valve train mechanism |
US6718940B2 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 2004-04-13 | Diesel Engine Retarders, Inc. | Hydraulic lash adjuster with compression release brake |
US6209498B1 (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2001-04-03 | Competition Cams, Inc. | Roller valve lifter with oiling channel |
US6213075B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2001-04-10 | Caterpillar Inc. | Roller follower assembly for an internal combustion engine |
DE19932343A1 (en) * | 1999-07-10 | 2001-04-19 | Heinz Leiber | Drive for valve of internal combustion engine has lever acting on end part of valve shaft which is mounted thereon by flat needle bearing where axes of needles lie parallel to swivel axis |
US6422186B1 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2002-07-23 | Diesel Engine Retarders, Inc. | Lost motion rocker arm system with integrated compression brake |
US6302075B1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-10-16 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Roller finger follower shaft retention apparatus |
US7028654B2 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2006-04-18 | The Maclean-Fogg Company | Metering socket |
US7191745B2 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2007-03-20 | Maclean-Fogg Company | Valve operating assembly |
DE102006045933A1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Plunger assembly for a high pressure pump and high pressure pump with at least one plunger assembly |
DE102006051256A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Schaeffler Kg | Valve gear lever for an internal combustion engine |
JP4618450B2 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2011-01-26 | 株式会社デンソー | Accelerator device |
US8166939B2 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2012-05-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Cam bearing surface of an engine cylinder head that includes an axially extending oil passage |
CN101956625B (en) * | 2010-10-31 | 2013-03-20 | 无锡开普动力有限公司 | Lubricating structure of cylinder head |
DE102012219382A1 (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-04-24 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lever-like cam follower |
DE102013215455A1 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-12 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | cam follower |
EP2947285B1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2017-07-12 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Mechanical system forming a cam follower or a rocker arm, including an inner cavity adapted to contain an oil bath |
CN109899162B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2022-04-26 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Exhaust braking system and engine |
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DE2840160C3 (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1981-03-12 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Cam drive with a tappet |
DE2920075A1 (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-11-20 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Hydraulic tappet for IC engine control valves - has ball between tappet and cam, acting as piston in oil-fed cylinder in tappet |
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JP2710360B2 (en) * | 1988-10-06 | 1998-02-10 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Inspection equipment for synthetic resin containers |
US4909197A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1990-03-20 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Cam follower assembly with pinless roller |
US5010856A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1991-04-30 | Ford Motor Company | Engine finger follower type rocker arm assembly |
US5127374A (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1992-07-07 | Morel Jr Edward J | Valve lifter |
-
1990
- 1990-06-08 FR FR9007161A patent/FR2663091B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-05-21 DE DE69107687T patent/DE69107687T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-21 EP EP91401298A patent/EP0460988B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-21 ES ES91401298T patent/ES2069235T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-22 US US07/704,047 patent/US5186130A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-10 JP JP3165072A patent/JPH05106410A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69107687T2 (en) | 1995-06-29 |
EP0460988A1 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
FR2663091B1 (en) | 1995-02-17 |
ES2069235T3 (en) | 1995-05-01 |
US5186130A (en) | 1993-02-16 |
DE69107687D1 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
JPH05106410A (en) | 1993-04-27 |
FR2663091A1 (en) | 1991-12-13 |
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