EP0430752B1 - Heat-exchanger with a circumferential circulation - Google Patents
Heat-exchanger with a circumferential circulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0430752B1 EP0430752B1 EP90403244A EP90403244A EP0430752B1 EP 0430752 B1 EP0430752 B1 EP 0430752B1 EP 90403244 A EP90403244 A EP 90403244A EP 90403244 A EP90403244 A EP 90403244A EP 0430752 B1 EP0430752 B1 EP 0430752B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channels
- energy exchange
- generally
- plate
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0012—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the apparatus having an annular form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
- F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/916—Oil cooler
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an energy exchange structure according to the preamble of claims 1 and 13 and an oil cooling radiator with such a structure, with application particularly for cooling the oil of automobile engines where the '' High oil heat transfer ratios are desired.
- the invention further relates to a method for shaping an oil cooling radiator.
- the old heat transfer devices mounted on the outside generally used as an oil cooling radiator, essentially consisted of a continuous serpentine tube, with or without fins, mounted outside the engine, generally in the air flow at the front of the radiator or within the radiator of the cooling circuit.
- Oil like transmission oil or engine oil or the like, is routed to flow through this tube to be cooled.
- a cooling medium usually circulated around the tube, for example inside a radiator containing cooling fluid or in a separate air-cooled radiator, thus allowing an exchange of energy from the hot oil of the tube to the cooling means.
- radiators were then developed which were mounted on the engine, usually between the engine block and an externally mounted oil filter, which cools the oil going to or from the filter, through the use of fluid from the engine cooling system.
- These radiators mounted on the filters mostly used hollow structures made of multiple plates generally spaced in parallel, plates between which the oil and the coolant flow in parallel planes in order to have a maximum heat transfer.
- These structures, made of spaced plates, can have fins between the hollow structures or are made of corrugated plates.
- the oil flowing to the cooling radiator comes from an orifice placed in the filter assembly, or close to it, and it circulates between the parallel plates of the cooling radiator. Cooling fluid, coming from the engine cooling circuit, circulates between the parallel plates containing the oil and its action allows the transfer of thermal energy from the oil to the cooling fluid.
- This system gave birth to many variations, the oil being first filtered and then flowing to the radiator oil cooling or vice versa, but with, essentially, the coolant flowing from the engine cooling circuit, generally coming from the radiator or the water pump, towards the oil cooling radiator.
- An essential feature of oil coolers mounted on the filter is that one or both of the fluids flow in a generally circular direction relative to the center of the cooler and that the transfer elements heat, that is, generally, the fins or ripples, are generally aligned only in one or two directions.
- the transfer elements heat that is, generally, the fins or ripples
- One of the objects of the present invention is to provide energy exchange structures with better heat transfer.
- Another object of this invention is to provide energy exchange structures with a lower pressure drop of the internal fluid.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an automobile oil cooling radiator, with less loss of oil pressure.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an energy exchange structure with efficient heat transfer and less pressure loss of the internal fluid.
- the invention relates to an energy exchange structure, comprising first and second opposite parallel plates joined together to define a hollow passage for a generally circular flow of fluid between an inlet and an outlet, characterized in that the opposite plates have corrugations in a cross structure to define a number of opposite channels extending into the hollow passage and arranged to follow generally unintended curves, the channels of the first plate being arranged to cross the channels of the second plate so that the zone, between the opposite channels, defines crossed passages.
- the energy exchange structures comprising corrugated plates joined in opposite directions and in which the corrugations are included in at least four sets of generally parallel channels, each set being arranged obliquely with respect to a circular flow direction inside the passage determined by the assembled plates.
- the channel sets of the first plate are arranged so as to intersect the games of the opposite channels of the second plate, so that the zone between the opposite channels of the opposite games defines crossed passages in which the fluid can flow.
- Automotive oil cooling radiators include multiple opposing stacked plates constituting a number of interconnected energy exchange structures for generally circular fluid flow.
- the admissions of energy exchange structures lead to an intake manifold where they are interconnected either in parallel with other admissions, or in series with the outputs of a second structure.
- the outlets lead to an evacuation manifold and are also connected either in parallel or in series with the outlets or inlets of a second structure.
- the energy exchange structures are provided with passages for the flow of oil inside the energy exchange structures and for the flow of coolant outside the energy exchange structures. It is advised that the coolant flow is generally oriented obliquely to the opposite channels of the opposing plates of the energy exchange structures to increase the energy exchange.
- the energy exchange structures can be enclosed in a container forming a casing where a liquid or gaseous cooling fluid circulates on and between the opposite plates constituting the energy exchange structures; they can also be in the open air to let a current of air or some other gas flow.
- the periphery of the stacked energy exchange structures can be joined to the walls of the casing in order to delimit separate passages for the coolant, passages which can also be connected separately, interconnected in parallel or in series at the inlet or outlet of the coolant.
- Automobile oil cooling radiators are produced by a process in which opposite plates, corrugated transversely in order to provide a number of channels arranged to follow involute curves arranged obliquely in the direction of flow of a fluid circulating between said plates , are arranged in such a way that the apexes of the channels of a first plate cross the apexes of the opposite channels of a second plate and that the surface between the opposite channels defines cross passages arranged obliquely preferably between 5 and about 75 degrees relative to in the circumferential sense of the energy exchange structure.
- Said first and second plates are combined to form a hollow passage, comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the passage being arranged so as to direct the fluid which enters the passage, coming from an inlet, according to a flow generally circular, towards an evacuation.
- the multiple energy exchange structures can be assembled in series and / or in parallel in order to constitute a cooling radiator, with the admission of a first energy exchange structure connected to the admission or to the evacuation of a second energy exchange structure. Essentially, it is advisable to assemble two or more groups of energy exchange structures connected in parallel with each group in a series arrangement with inlet and outlet manifolds.
- the energy exchange structures thus assembled are embedded in a container forming a housing comprising an inlet and an outlet for coolant.
- the externally joined edges of the opposite plates are extended in an attached flat plate giving an additional energy exchange surface. at the outer edges of the exchange structure. This extension allows the circulation of the cooling fluid around the outer limits of the stacked structures for additional cooling and it can also provide a practical means of interconnection of the exchange structures in order to stabilize them inside the tank.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view from above of an oil cooling radiator with an energy exchange structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view from below of the oil cooling radiator of FIG. 1.
- Figure 3 is a sectional view taken approximately along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
- FIG. 3a is an enlarged section of an energy exchange structure 23 in FIG. 3.
- Figure 4 is an approximate sectional view along line 4-4 of Figure 1.
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of an energy exchange structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the interior surface of the upper plate of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of the interior surface of the lower plate of FIG. 5.
- Figure 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a plate made according to the present invention.
- Figures 1 and 2 show, by way of example, an embodiment of an automobile oil cooling radiator.
- the cooling radiator 10 comprises a metal housing 11 with one side 12 fixing itself to the engine, one side 20 fixing itself to the oil filter, an external housing side 17 and an internal housing opening 14.
- the outer side 17 of the housing 11 includes the intake of the coolant 18 and the discharge of the coolant 19.
- the end 20 for fixing the oil filter comprises the oil discharge 21 and the sealing surface 22 of the oil filter.
- the interior opening 14 of the housing goes from the end 12 for fixing the engine, to the end 20 for fixing the oil filter and constitutes a groove by which a removable oil filter can be fixed to the engine in order to sealing the cooling radiator and the filter with respect to the engine and which gives a return path to the engine of the cooled and filtered oil.
- the cooling radiator 10 includes a number of hollow energy exchange structures contained in the housing 11, in which the oil flows between the oil inlet 13 and the oil outlet 21. Surrounding the at least a portion of the energy exchange structures are hollow passages in which the coolant can flow in relation to the energy exchange in the energy exchange structures, from the intake of coolant 18 to the coolant outlet 19.
- a first hot fluid such as hot engine oil
- enters the cooling radiator 10 through the oil inlet 13 flows between the opposing plates by a number of generally circular passages and goes to the outlet 21 for engine oil to gain the admission of an oil filter (not shown).
- the cooled oil passes through the oil filter and is directed into a hollow oil filter fixing shaft (not shown) which passes through the opening 14 to reach the engine.
- the hollow oil filter fixing shaft engages in the engine and is generally threaded to fix the radiator and filter assembly to the engine, under stress. The shaft thus gives a fixing of the filter and the radiator cooling the engine and provides a passage for the return of the cooled and filtered oil between the engine and the filter.
- the oil can flow in the opposite direction, from the engine, pass through the fixing shaft, go to the filter, pass through the oil cooling radiator and return to the engine.
- the flow of oil is directed through the channels which, angularly arranged, in involute curves, go inward to the hollow passages of the opposite plates.
- the oil flow is passively divided and mixed by the crossed paths of the channels, which increases the contact of the oil flow with the opposite plates of the energy exchange structure.
- the thermal energy of the oil is dissipated on the opposite plates of the energy exchange structures and on any fins with which the oil can come into contact.
- a second fluid flow generally a coolant such as a mixture of water and antifreeze, passes through the coolant inlet 18 so that the coolant passes over the opposite plates and over the any fins it may meet, preferably against the current with the oil flow.
- the caloric energy dissipates from the energy exchange structures towards the cooling fluid when the caloric energy of the cooling fluid is lower than that of the energy exchange structures.
- the coolant flows into the housing containing the energy exchange structures, passes through the coolant outlet 19 to recycle in the cooling circuit.
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the oil cooling radiator of Figure 1, approximately along line 3-3; it represents the stack of hollow energy exchange structures 23 inside the housing 11.
- FIG. 3a represents an enlargement of an energy exchange structure 23, which is shown so as to show the upper opposite corrugated plate 24 and the lower opposite corrugated plate 25, joined together to constitute the joined outer border 26.
- the apexes of the channels 27 directed towards the inside of the opposite upper plate 24 cross the apexes of the channels 28 directed towards the inside of the opposite lower plate 25, the area between the apexes of the channels of a plate comprising ridges 29 in the upper plate 24 and ridges 30 in the lower plate 25.
- the channels going inwards direct the flow of oil to the within the exchange structures along the ridges, the intersecting channels continuously performing passive separation, with mixing and oblique, involuted change of direction of the current oil, generally in a circumferential direction, from the admission of the energy exchange structure to the exit of the energy exchange structure.
- the area between the stacked energy exchange structures includes passages which also originate from the corrugation of the plates. The coolant flowing in these passages is directed along the involuntary arrangement of channels 27 and 28. With the flow of oil, the involuted arrangement of channels continuously performs passive separation and mixing and gives a new oblique direction involuted to the coolant flow, from the coolant inlet to the coolant outlet.
- the inner central edges of the upper plates 24 and lower plates 25 are conveniently joined by the compression rings 31 to ensure the structural integrity of the hollow exchange structures and separation fluid from the cooling passages between them.
- the surface of the interior opening 34 of the housing with the upper lip 32 and the lower lip 33 maintains the end 12 for fixing to the engine and the end 20 for fixing the filter in compression to join the upper plates 24 and the lower plates 25 with each other, alternating the direct and spaced relationships with the aid of the compression rings 31.
- Figure 4 gives a sectional view of Figure 1 and shows in particular the oil intake manifold 35 and the oil outlet manifold 36.
- the upper plates of a first exchange structure of energy are joined to the lower plates of a second energy exchange structure, on the inner periphery of the collectors in order to give a separation sealed between the coolant flow and the oil flow of the exchange structures.
- the assembly represents collectors common between all the admissions and all the exits of the energy exchange structure for a parallel flow of oil between the exchange structures, the invention can be envisaged particularly with separate collectors between the exits and the admissions of the stacked exchange structures for a series oil flow.
- the plates of the energy exchange structures are joined by any suitable means giving a seal of sufficient structural integrity to withstand the pressures produced in the circuit.
- suitable means usually, it is the most suitable brazing when the building materials are stainless steel, copper, brass or aluminum.
- the suitable joint may include a bond with solvent or bonding, or thermal or ultrasonic welding.
- FIG. 5 represents an example of energy exchange structures according to the present invention.
- the energy exchange structure 23 comprises the opposite upper corrugated plate 24 and the lower corrugated plate 25.
- the upper plate 24 comprises the channels 27 directed inwards and the lower plate 25 comprises the channels 28 directed towards the 'interior (not shown).
- the area between the channels of the upper plate 24 has the ridges 29 and the area between the channels of the lower plate 25 has the ridges 30 (not shown), each of which includes passages in which the oil flows.
- the opposite plates are joined by their outer edge 26. Of the assembly shown, the outer edge is brazed in order to guarantee the integrity structural joint of energy exchange structures.
- the inner central edge of the exchange structure includes the compression ring 31 to which the plates are joined.
- the channels of the opposing plates are easily made by stamping, stamping, or some other means to shape the channels in the plates.
- the channels can receive an involute curve shape or be otherwise curved or even receive a straight shape and be generally arranged following an involute curve.
- the channels can typically have any length within the limits of the curve on the plate.
- the channels are formed along an involute curve but are generally arranged along it, they are essentially straight or slightly curved and it is advisable to make shortened segments to reduce the differences in distance of the channel from involuntary curvature.
- the channels are generally equidistant from the neighboring channels over their entire length, this is however recommended in many automotive applications.
- the term "equidistant” means that the distance between neighboring channels should generally be the same over the entire length of the channels. It should be understood that the equidistant spacing adopted does not mean that the distance between neighboring channels must be the same, even if this is recommended for many applications.
- the area between neighboring canals includes neighboring ridges. Neither the neighboring ridges nor the neighboring canals must necessarily have the same width.
- the ridges can be on the same plane as the plate or can be stamped, stamped or otherwise formed to extend above the plane of the plate. He must it should be understood that the use of other means, well known in the profession, are envisaged for the formation of channels and ridges, including molding and other similar means.
- the ridges and channels will form an oblique angle with the circumferential direction of the plate. It is preferable that the oblique angle is about 5 to 75 degrees from the circumferential direction of the oil flow between the plates and that it is most preferably about 15 to about 45 degrees.
- the first and second opposite elongated plates are mounted so that the channels of the first plate cross the opposite channels of the second plate. It is not essential that the channels or the ridges of the first plate have the same oblique angle with the longitudinal direction as those of the second plate, although this is generally advised.
- Figures 6 and 7 are plan views of the interior surfaces of the upper plate 24 and the lower plate 25 of Figure 5.
- Figure 6 shows the channels 27 of the upper plate 24, arranged to follow the involuted curves, they are essentially equidistant from the neighboring channels over their entire length on the plate.
- the ridges shown in the present embodiment are of essentially equal width, but it should be understood that the invention envisages and includes configurations where the ridges or the channels of a plate are not equal in width to the neighboring ridges or channels.
- FIG. 7 represents the internal surface of the lower plate 25 which faces the internal surface of the upper plate 24.
- the channels 28 are arranged to follow involute curves, being essentially equidistant from the neighboring channels over all their length and they constitute, upon assembly, an inverted mirror image of the upper plate 24; when the upper plate and the lower plate are assembled, looking at each other, to constitute the energy exchange structure according to the present invention, the channels along the involuted curves of the upper plate cross the channels according to the involute curves of the bottom plate.
- FIG. 8 schematically represents a configuration of the channels on the interior surfaces looking at attached corrugated plates, where the corrugations are arranged in at least four sets of generally parallel channels, each set being arranged obliquely to a circular flow rate in the hollow passage defined by the opposing plates joined together.
- the oil cooling radiators according to the invention can be constructed with any suitable material capable of withstanding the corrosive effects and the internal pressures of the fluid in the circuit.
- suitable materials include malleable metals such as aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel and their alloys, and even plastics or ceramics.
- each of the components of a cooling radiator are formed from the same material when they are to be joined together.
- the plates used to build the energy exchange structures should preferably be formed from the same material. It should however be clearly understood that it is within the scope of the invention to use various materials for assembly, for example the use of steel or plastics in the housings or in the surfaces of the ends of the casing while using other metals, other plastics or ceramics in the energy exchange structures.
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a pour objet une structure d'échange d'énergie selon le préambule des revendications 1 et 13 et un radiateur de refroidissement d'huile avec une telle structure, avec application particulièrement pour le refroidissement de l'huile des moteurs automobiles où l'on souhaite des rapports élevés de transfert de chaleur du circuit d'huile. L'invention se réfère de plus, à un procédé pour mettre en forme un radiateur de refroidissement d'huile.The present invention relates to an energy exchange structure according to the preamble of
Avec le développemnt des moteurs à combustion interne plus légers, à régime plus élevé, à couple important et à encombrement moindre, on a un besoin accru de refroidisseurs d'huile plus efficaces. De nombreux constructeurs de moteurs pour automobiles ont incorporé au modèle de base de leur moteur la nécessité d'un refroidissement d'huile complétant le refroidissement que l'on peut obtenir grâce aux circuits de refroidissement traditionnels complètement intégrés dans le bloc moteur. Certains constructeurs ont spécifié l'utilisation de refroidisseurs d'huile non intégrés, dont l'action consiste à refroidir un écoulement d'huile par des moyens extérieurs au bloc-moteur. Un montage typique comporte le montage du refroidisseur d'huile sur le filtre à huile. Pour répondre à la demande de l'industrie automobile, ces refroidisseurs doivent essentiellement être peu encombrants, légers et capables d'un transfert efficace élevé de la chaleur tout en ne provoquant pas une perte de charge gênante dans le circuit d'huile. C'est ainsi qu'une demande continue de dispositifs de transfert de chaleur plus légers et plus efficaces a provoqué la mise au point de quantité de nouveaux modèles et de nouvelles configurations dans la fabrication des échangeurs de chaleur utilisés dans les circuits de refroidissement de l'huile des automobiles.With the development of lighter internal combustion engines, higher speed, higher torque and less space, there is an increased need for more efficient oil coolers. Many automobile engine manufacturers have incorporated into the basic model of their engine the need for oil cooling supplementing the cooling which can be obtained by traditional cooling circuits completely integrated in the engine block. Some manufacturers have specified the use of non-integrated oil coolers, the action of which is to cool an oil flow by means external to the engine block. A typical assembly involves mounting the oil cooler on the oil filter. To meet the demand of the automotive industry, these coolers must essentially be compact, light and capable of a high efficient transfer of heat while not causing an annoying pressure drop in the oil circuit. A continuous demand for lighter and more efficient heat transfer devices has led to the development of many new models and configurations in the manufacture of heat exchangers used in the cooling circuits of the automotive oil.
Dans les automobiles, les anciens dispositifs de transfert de chaleur montés à l'extérieur, généralement utilisés comme radiateur de refroidissement d'huile, comportaient essentiellement un tube serpentin continu, avec ou sans ailettes, monté à l'extérieur du moteur, généralement dans le courant d'air à l'avant du radiateur ou au sein du radiateur du circuit de refroidissement. L'huile, comme l'huile de transmission ou comme l'huile moteur ou autres, est acheminée de manière à s'écouler dans ce tube pour y être refroidie. Un moyen de refroidissement circulait habituellement autour du tube, par exemple à l'intérieur d'un radiateur contenant du fluide de refroidissement ou dans un radiateur distinct à refroidissement par air, permettant ainsi un échange d'énergie de l'huile chaude du tube vers le moyen de refroidissement.In automobiles, the old heat transfer devices mounted on the outside, generally used as an oil cooling radiator, essentially consisted of a continuous serpentine tube, with or without fins, mounted outside the engine, generally in the air flow at the front of the radiator or within the radiator of the cooling circuit. Oil, like transmission oil or engine oil or the like, is routed to flow through this tube to be cooled. A cooling medium usually circulated around the tube, for example inside a radiator containing cooling fluid or in a separate air-cooled radiator, thus allowing an exchange of energy from the hot oil of the tube to the cooling means.
Avec le besoin de procédés efficaces et peu encombrants, et comme cela est décrit dans les documents EP-A-208 957 et GB-A-517 312, on a ensuite mis au point des radiateurs de refroidissement d'huile qui se montaient sur le moteur, généralement entre le bloc moteur et un filtre à huile monté à l'extérieur, ce qui refroidissait l'huile allant vers le filtre ou en revenant, grâce à l'utilisation du fluide provenant du circuit de refroidissement du moteur. Ces radiateurs montés sur les filtres utilisaient la plupart du temps des structures creuses faites de multiples plaques généralement espacées parallèlement, plaques entre lesquelles l'huile et le fluide de refroidissement coulent selon des plans parallèles afin d'avoir un transfert de chaleur maximum. Ces structures, faites de plaques espacées, peuvent comporter des ailettes entre les structures creuses ou bien sont faites de plaques ondulées. Dans ces dispositifs, l'huile qui s'écoule vers le radiateur de refroidissement vient d'un orifice placé dans le montage du filtre, ou à proximité, et elle circule entre les plaques parallèles du radiateur de refroidissement. Du fluide de refroidissement, venant du circuit de refroidissement du moteur, circule entre les plaques parallèles contenant l'huile et son action permet le transfert de l'énergie thermique de l'huile vers le fluide de refroidissement. Ce système a donné naissance à de nombreuses variantes, l'huile étant d'abord filtrée puis s'écoulant vers le radiateur de refroidissement d'huile ou inversement, mais avec, essentiellement, le fluide de refroidissement s'écoulant du circuit de refroidissement du moteur, généralement venant du radiateur ou de la pompe à eau, vers le radiateur de refroidissement d'huile.With the need for efficient and space-saving methods, and as described in the documents EP-A-208 957 and GB-A-517 312, oil cooling radiators were then developed which were mounted on the engine, usually between the engine block and an externally mounted oil filter, which cools the oil going to or from the filter, through the use of fluid from the engine cooling system. These radiators mounted on the filters mostly used hollow structures made of multiple plates generally spaced in parallel, plates between which the oil and the coolant flow in parallel planes in order to have a maximum heat transfer. These structures, made of spaced plates, can have fins between the hollow structures or are made of corrugated plates. In these devices, the oil flowing to the cooling radiator comes from an orifice placed in the filter assembly, or close to it, and it circulates between the parallel plates of the cooling radiator. Cooling fluid, coming from the engine cooling circuit, circulates between the parallel plates containing the oil and its action allows the transfer of thermal energy from the oil to the cooling fluid. This system gave birth to many variations, the oil being first filtered and then flowing to the radiator oil cooling or vice versa, but with, essentially, the coolant flowing from the engine cooling circuit, generally coming from the radiator or the water pump, towards the oil cooling radiator.
Une caractéristique essentielle des radiateurs de refroidissement d'huile montés sur le filtre est que l'un des deux fluides, ou tous les deux s'écoulent dans un sens généralement circulaire par rapport au centre du radiateur de refroidissement et que les éléments de transfert de chaleur, c'est-à-dire, généralement, les ailettes ou les ondulations, ne sont généralement alignés que dans un ou deux sens. Nous avons constaté qu'une telle configuration des ailettes ou des ondulations se traduit, dans les zones de moindre efficacité du transfert thermique, par une perte de charge dans l'échangeur de chaleur.An essential feature of oil coolers mounted on the filter is that one or both of the fluids flow in a generally circular direction relative to the center of the cooler and that the transfer elements heat, that is, generally, the fins or ripples, are generally aligned only in one or two directions. We have found that such a configuration of the fins or corrugations results, in the zones of least efficiency of the heat transfer, by a pressure drop in the heat exchanger.
C'est ainsi qu'il subsiste encore un problème, particulièrement pour optimiser les rapports de transfert de chaleur et de perte de charge d'huile à l'intérieur de l'échangeur de chaleur. Avec l'augmentation du régime moyen des moteurs modernes et aussi des couples élevés et avec la diminution des temps de réponse, il est devenu nécessaire et souhaitable de disposer de radiateurs de refroidissement d'huile d'une rendement élevé qui n'auront qu'un effet minimum sur la pression d'huile des circuits de lubrification du moteur.Thus, there is still a problem, particularly in optimizing the heat transfer and oil pressure drop ratios inside the heat exchanger. With the increase in the average speed of modern engines and also high torques and with the decrease in response times, it has become necessary and desirable to have high performance oil cooling radiators which will only a minimum effect on the oil pressure of the engine lubrication circuits.
L'un des objets de la présente invention est de prévoir des structures d'échange d'énergie avec un meilleur transfert de chaleur.One of the objects of the present invention is to provide energy exchange structures with better heat transfer.
Un autre objet de cette invention est de prévoir des structures d'échange d'énergie avec une moindre perte de charge du fluide intérieur.Another object of this invention is to provide energy exchange structures with a lower pressure drop of the internal fluid.
Un autre objet de cette invention est de prévoir un radiateur de refroidissement d'huile pour automobile, avec une moindre perte de la pression d'huile.Another object of this invention is to provide an automobile oil cooling radiator, with less loss of oil pressure.
Un autre objet, encore, de l'invention est de prévoir une méthode de fabrication d'une structure d'échange d'énergie avec transfert de chaleur efficace et moindre perte de pression du fluide intérieur.Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an energy exchange structure with efficient heat transfer and less pressure loss of the internal fluid.
Ces objets de ladite invention sont obtenus par l'invention définie dans les revendications 1, 12 et 13.These objects of said invention are obtained by the invention defined in
L'invention concerne une structure d'échange d'énergie, comprenant une première et une seconde plaques opposées parallèles jointes ensembles pour définir un passage creux pour un courant généralement circulaire de fluide entre une admission et une évacuation, caractérisée en ce que les plaques opposées ont des ondulations dans une structure croisée pour définir un certain nombre de canaux opposés s'étendant dans le passage creux et disposés pour suivre des courbes généralement involutées, les canaux de la première plaque étant disposés pour croiser les canaux de la deuxième plaque de manière que la zone, entre les canaux opposés, définisse des passages croisés.The invention relates to an energy exchange structure, comprising first and second opposite parallel plates joined together to define a hollow passage for a generally circular flow of fluid between an inlet and an outlet, characterized in that the opposite plates have corrugations in a cross structure to define a number of opposite channels extending into the hollow passage and arranged to follow generally unintended curves, the channels of the first plate being arranged to cross the channels of the second plate so that the zone, between the opposite channels, defines crossed passages.
Des mesures ont également été prises pour que les structures d'échange d'énergie, comprenant des plaques ondulées jointes de manière opposée et dans lesquelles les ondulations sont comprises dans au moins quatre jeux de canaux généralement parallèles, chaque jeu étant disposé obliquement par rapport à un sens d'écoulement circulaire à l'intérieur du passage déterminé par les plaques assemblées. Les jeux de canaux de la première plaque sont disposés afin de croiser les jeux des canaux opposés de la deuxième plaque, si bien que la zone comprise entre les canaux opposés des jeux opposés définit des passages croisés dans lesquels peut s'écouler le fluide.Measures have also been taken so that the energy exchange structures, comprising corrugated plates joined in opposite directions and in which the corrugations are included in at least four sets of generally parallel channels, each set being arranged obliquely with respect to a circular flow direction inside the passage determined by the assembled plates. The channel sets of the first plate are arranged so as to intersect the games of the opposite channels of the second plate, so that the zone between the opposite channels of the opposite games defines crossed passages in which the fluid can flow.
Les radiateurs de refroidissement d'huile pour l'automobile comprennent de multiples plaques opposées et empilées constituant un certain nombre de structures interconnectées d'échange d'énergie pour un écoulement généralement circulaire de fluide. Les admissions des structures d'échange d'énergie aboutissent à un collecteur d'admission où elles sont interconnectées soit en parallèle avec d'autres admissions, soit en série avec les sorties d'une deuxième structure. Les sorties aboutissent à un collecteur d'évacuation et sont aussi reliées soit en parallèle, soit en série aux sorties ou aux admissions d'une deuxième structure.Automotive oil cooling radiators include multiple opposing stacked plates constituting a number of interconnected energy exchange structures for generally circular fluid flow. The admissions of energy exchange structures lead to an intake manifold where they are interconnected either in parallel with other admissions, or in series with the outputs of a second structure. The outlets lead to an evacuation manifold and are also connected either in parallel or in series with the outlets or inlets of a second structure.
Interconnectées et empilées, les structures d'échange d'énergie sont munies de passages pour l'écoulement de l'huile à l'intérieur des structures d'échange d'énergie et pour l'écoulement du fluide de refroidissement à l'extérieur des structures d'échange d'énergie. Il est conseillé que l'écoulement du fluide de refroidissement soit généralement orienté obliquement par rapport aux canaux opposés des plaques opposées des structures d'échange d'énergie pour augmenter l'échange d'énergie.Interconnected and stacked, the energy exchange structures are provided with passages for the flow of oil inside the energy exchange structures and for the flow of coolant outside the energy exchange structures. It is advised that the coolant flow is generally oriented obliquely to the opposite channels of the opposing plates of the energy exchange structures to increase the energy exchange.
Les structures d'échange d'énergie peuvent être renfermées dans un récipient formant carter où un fluide de refroidissement liquide ou gazeux circule sur et entre les plaques opposées constituant les structures d'échange d'énergie; elles peuvent aussi être à l'air libre pour laisser s'écouler un courant d'air ou de quelque autre gaz. Le pourtour des structures d'échange d'énergie empilées peut être réuni aux parois du carter afin de délimiter des passages distincts pour le fluide de refroidissement, passages qui peuvent également être connectés séparément, interconnectés en parallèle ou en série aux admission ou aux sorties du fluide de refroidissement.The energy exchange structures can be enclosed in a container forming a casing where a liquid or gaseous cooling fluid circulates on and between the opposite plates constituting the energy exchange structures; they can also be in the open air to let a current of air or some other gas flow. The periphery of the stacked energy exchange structures can be joined to the walls of the casing in order to delimit separate passages for the coolant, passages which can also be connected separately, interconnected in parallel or in series at the inlet or outlet of the coolant.
Les radiateurs de refroidissement d'huile pour automobiles sont produits par un processus où des plaques opposées, ondulées transversalement afin de ménager un certain nombre de canaux disposés pour suivre des courbes involutées disposées obliques au sens d'écoulement d'un fluide circulant entre lesdites plaques, sont disposées de manière que les apex des canaux d'une première plaque croisent les apex des canaux opposés d'une deuxième plaque et que la surface entre les canaux opposés définisse des passages croisés disposés obliquement de préférence entre 5 et environ 75 degrés par rapport au sens circonférentiel de la structure d'échange d'énergie. Lesdites première et seconde plaques sont réunies afin de constituer un passage creux, comprenant une admission de fluide et une évacuation de fluide, le passage étant disposé de manière à diriger le fluide qui pénétre dans le passage, venant d'une admission, selon un écoulement généralement circulaire, vers une évacuation. Les multiples structures d'échange d'énergie peuvent être assemblées en série et/ou en parallèle afin de constituer un radiateur de refroidissement, avec l'admission d'une première structure d'échange d'énergie connectée à l'admission ou à l'évacuation d'une deuxième structure d'échange d'énergie. Essentiellement, il est conseillé d'assembler deux ou plusieurs groupes de structures d'échange d'énergie connectées en parallèle avec chaque groupe dans une disposition série avec collecteurs d'admission et de sortie.Automobile oil cooling radiators are produced by a process in which opposite plates, corrugated transversely in order to provide a number of channels arranged to follow involute curves arranged obliquely in the direction of flow of a fluid circulating between said plates , are arranged in such a way that the apexes of the channels of a first plate cross the apexes of the opposite channels of a second plate and that the surface between the opposite channels defines cross passages arranged obliquely preferably between 5 and about 75 degrees relative to in the circumferential sense of the energy exchange structure. Said first and second plates are combined to form a hollow passage, comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the passage being arranged so as to direct the fluid which enters the passage, coming from an inlet, according to a flow generally circular, towards an evacuation. The multiple energy exchange structures can be assembled in series and / or in parallel in order to constitute a cooling radiator, with the admission of a first energy exchange structure connected to the admission or to the evacuation of a second energy exchange structure. Essentially, it is advisable to assemble two or more groups of energy exchange structures connected in parallel with each group in a series arrangement with inlet and outlet manifolds.
De manière typique, les structures d'échange d'énergie ainsi assemblées sont encastrées dans un récipient formant carter comportant une admission et une sortie de fluide de refroidissement. D'une manière générale, les bordures jointes extérieurement des plaques opposées sont prolongées dans une plaque aplatie jointe donnant une surface supplémentaire d'échange d'énergie aux bordures extérieures de la structure d'échange. Cette extension permet la circulation du fluide de refroidissement autour des limites extérieures des structures empilées en vue d'un refroidissement supplémentaire et elle peut également fournir un moyen pratique d'interconnexion des structures d'échange afin de les stabiliser à l'intérieur du réservoir.Typically, the energy exchange structures thus assembled are embedded in a container forming a housing comprising an inlet and an outlet for coolant. In general, the externally joined edges of the opposite plates are extended in an attached flat plate giving an additional energy exchange surface. at the outer edges of the exchange structure. This extension allows the circulation of the cooling fluid around the outer limits of the stacked structures for additional cooling and it can also provide a practical means of interconnection of the exchange structures in order to stabilize them inside the tank.
La figure 1 est une vue en perspective du dessus d'un radiateur de refroidissement d'huile avec une structure d'échange d'énergie selon la présente invention.Figure 1 is a perspective view from above of an oil cooling radiator with an energy exchange structure according to the present invention.
La figure 2 est une vue perspective de dessous du radiateur de refroidissement d'huile de la figure 1.FIG. 2 is a perspective view from below of the oil cooling radiator of FIG. 1.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe faite approximativement selon la ligne 3-3 de la figure 1.Figure 3 is a sectional view taken approximately along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
La figure 3a est une coupe agrandie d'une structure d'échange d'énergie 23 de la figure 3.FIG. 3a is an enlarged section of an
La figure 4 est une vue en coupe approximativement selon la ligne 4-4 de la figure 1.Figure 4 is an approximate sectional view along line 4-4 of Figure 1.
La figure 5 est une vue perspective d'une structure d'échange d'énergie selon la présente invention.Figure 5 is a perspective view of an energy exchange structure according to the present invention.
La figure 6 est une vue en plan de la surface intérieure de la plaque supérieure de la figure 5.FIG. 6 is a plan view of the interior surface of the upper plate of FIG. 5.
La figure 7 est une vue en plan de la surface intérieure de la plaque inférieure de la figure 5.FIG. 7 is a plan view of the interior surface of the lower plate of FIG. 5.
La figure 8 est une vue schématique d'une autre réalisation d'une plaque faite selon la présente invention.Figure 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a plate made according to the present invention.
Les figures 1 et 2 représentent, à titre d'exemple, une réalisation de radiateur de refroidissement d'huile pour automobile.Figures 1 and 2 show, by way of example, an embodiment of an automobile oil cooling radiator.
En se reportant aux figures 1 et 2, on voit l'illustration d'un radiateur de refroidissement d'huile pour automobile 10 qui, dans une utilisation typique sur automobile, se monte généralement entre le moteur de l'automobile et le filtre à huile. Le radiateur de refroidissement 10 comporte un boîtier métallique 11 avec un côté 12 se fixant sur le moteur, un côté 20 se fixant sur le filtre à huile, un côté extérieur de boîtier 17 et une ouverture intérieure de boîtier 14. Dans l'extrémité 12 pour la fixation au moteur se trouvent l'admission d'huile 13 et la rainure du joint 16 de moteur qui maintient le joint d'huile 15, représenté sur les figures 3 et 4. Le côté extérieur 17 du boîtier 11 comporte l'admission du fluide de refroidissement 18 et l'évacuation du fluide de refroidissement 19. L'extrémité 20 pour la fixation du filtre à huile comporte l'évacuation d'huile 21 et la surface d'étanchéité 22 du filtre à huile. L'ouverture intérieure 14 du boîtier va de l'extrémité 12 pour la fixation du moteur, jusqu'à l'extrémité 20 pour la fixation du filtre à huile et constitue une rainure par laquelle on peut fixer au moteur un filtre à huile amovible afin d'assurer l'étanchéité du radiateur de refroidissement et du filtre par rapport au moteur et qui donne un trajet de retour au moteur de l'huile refroidie et filtrée.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, we see the illustration of an automobile
Le radiateur de refroidissement 10 comporte un certain nombre de structures d'échange d'énergie creuses contenues dans le boîtier 11, dans lesquelles l'huile s'écoule entre l'admission d'huile 13 et la sortie d'huile 21. Entourant au moins une portion des structures d'échange d'énergie se trouvent des passages creux dans lesquels le fluide de refroidissement peut s'écouler en relation avec l'échange d'énergie dans les structures d'échange d'énergie, de l'admission de fluide de refroidissement 18 jusqu'à la sortie de fluide de refroidissement 19.The
Dans le fonctionnement typique de la réalisation représentée, un premier fluide chaud, comme de l'huile moteur chaude, pénétre dans le radiateur de refroidissement 10 par l'admission d'huile 13, s'écoule entre les plaques opposées par un certain nombre de passages de forme généralement circulaire et va à la sortie 21 d'huile de moteur pour gagner l'admission d'un filtre à huile (non représenté). L'huile refroidie traverse le filtre à huile et est dirigée dans un arbre creux de fixation de filtre à huile (non représenté) qui traverse l'ouverture 14 pour aller jusqu'au moteur. L'arbre creux de fixation de filtre à huile s'engage dans le moteur et est généralement fileté pour fixer sur le moteur, sous contrainte, l'ensemble radiateur de refroidissement et filtre .L'arbre donne ainsi une fixation du filtre et du radiateur de refroidissement d'huile sur le moteur et fournit un passage pour le retour, entre le moteur et le filtre, de l'huile refroidie et filtrée.In the typical operation of the embodiment shown, a first hot fluid, such as hot engine oil, enters the
Alternativement, il est bien compris que l'huile peut s'écouler dans le sens inverse, partir du moteur, traverser l'arbre de fixation, aller au filtre, traverser le radiateur de refroidissement d'huile et revenir au moteur.Alternatively, it is understood that the oil can flow in the opposite direction, from the engine, pass through the fixing shaft, go to the filter, pass through the oil cooling radiator and return to the engine.
Dans les structures d'échange d'énergie, l'écoulement de l'huile est dirigé par les canaux qui, disposés de manière angulaire, en courbes involutées, vont vers l'intérieur jusqu'aux passages creux des plaques opposées. Le flux d'huile est passivement divisé et mélangé par les parcours croisés des canaux, ce qui augmente le contact du flux d'huile avec les plaques opposées de la structure d'échange d'énergie. L'énergie thermique de l'huile est dissipée sur les plaques opposées des structures d'échange d'énergie et sur les éventuelles ailettes avec lesquelles l'huile peut entrer en contact.In energy exchange structures, the flow of oil is directed through the channels which, angularly arranged, in involute curves, go inward to the hollow passages of the opposite plates. The oil flow is passively divided and mixed by the crossed paths of the channels, which increases the contact of the oil flow with the opposite plates of the energy exchange structure. The thermal energy of the oil is dissipated on the opposite plates of the energy exchange structures and on any fins with which the oil can come into contact.
Un deuxième écoulement fluide, en général un fluide de refroidissement comme un mélange d'eau et d'anti-gel, passe par l'admission de fluide de refroidissement 18 de telle sorte que le fluide de refroidissement passe sur les plaques opposées et sur les éventuelles ailettes qu'il peut rencontrer, de préférence à contre-courant avec le flux d'huile. L'énergie calorique se dissipe des structures d'échange d'énergie vers le fluide de refroidissement quand l'énergie calorique du fluide de refroidissement est inférieure à celle des structures d'échange d'énergie. Le fluide de refroidissement s'écoule dans le boîtier contenant les structures d'échange d'énergie, passe par la sortie de fluide de refroidissement 19 pour se recycler dans le circuit de refroidissement.A second fluid flow, generally a coolant such as a mixture of water and antifreeze, passes through the
En se référant maintenant à la figure 3 qui représente une vue en coupe du radiateur de refroidissement d'huile de la figure 1, approximativement selon la ligne 3-3; elle représente l'empilement des structures d'échange d'énergie creuses 23 à l'intérieur du boîtier 11. La figure 3a représente un agrandissement d'une structure d'échange d'énergie 23, laquelle est représentée de manière à faire voir la plaque ondulée opposée supérieure 24 et la plaque ondulée opposée inférieure 25, réunies pour constituer la bordure extérieure jointe 26. Les apex des canaux 27 dirigés vers l'intérieur de la plaque opposée supérieure 24 croisent les apex des canaux 28 dirigés vers l'intérieur de la plaque opposée inférieure 25, la zone entre les apex des canaux d'une plaque comprenant des crêtes 29 dans la plaque supérieure 24 et des crêtes 30 dans la plaque inférieure 25. Les canaux allant vers l'intérieur dirigent le flux d'huile au sein des structures d'échange le long des crêtes, les canaux se croisant effectuant de manière continue une séparation passive, avec mélange et changement de direction oblique, involutée du courant d'huile, généralement selon un sens circonférentiel, de l'admission de la structure d'échange d'énergie jusqu'à la sortie de la structure d'échange d'énergie. La zone entre les structures d'échange d'énergie empilées comprend des passages qui proviennent également de l'ondulation des plaques. Le fluide de refroidissement s'écoulant dans ces passages est orienté le long de la disposition involutée des canaux 27 et 28. Avec l'écoulement de l'huile, la disposition involutée des canaux effectue en continu une séparation et un mélange passifs et donne une nouvelle direction oblique involutée au flux de fluide de refroidissement, de l'admission de fluide de refroidissement à la sortie de fluide de refroidissement.Referring now to Figure 3 which shows a sectional view of the oil cooling radiator of Figure 1, approximately along line 3-3; it represents the stack of hollow
Dans la réalisation représentée figure 3, les bordures centrales intérieures des plaques supérieures 24 et des plaques inférieures 25 sont jointes d'une manière pratique par les bagues de compression 31 afin d'assurer l'intégrité structurale des structures d'échange creuses et la séparation du fluide à partir des passages de refroidissement qu'il y a entre elles. La surface de l'ouverture intérieure 34 du boîtier avec la lèvre supérieure 32 et la lèvre inferieure 33 maintient l'extrémité 12 pour la fixation sur le moteur et l'extrémité 20 pour la fixation du filtre en compression pour réunir les plaques supérieures 24 et les plaques inférieures 25 les unes avec les autres en alternant les relations directes et espacées à l'aide des bagues de compression 31.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the inner central edges of the
La figure 4 donne une vue en coupe de la figure 1 et représente en particulier le collecteur d'admission d'huile 35 et le collecteur de sortie d'huile 36. Là, les plaques supérieures d'une première structure d'échange d'énergie sont réunies aux plaques inférieures d'une deuxièmes structure d'échange d'énergie, sur le pourtour intérieur des collecteurs afin de donner une séparation étanche entre le flux de fluide de refroidissement et le flux d'huile des structures d'échange. Il doit être bien compris que si l'ensemble représente des collecteurs communs entre toutes les admissions et toutes les sorties de la structure d'échange d'énergie pour un écoulement en parallèle de l'huile entre les structures d'échange, l'invention peut s'envisager particulièrement avec des collecteurs séparés entre les sorties et les admissions des structures d'échange empilées pour un débit d'huile série.Figure 4 gives a sectional view of Figure 1 and shows in particular the
Les plaques des structures d'échange d'énergie sont réunies par n'importe quel moyen adéquat donnant une étanchéité d'une intégrité structurelle suffisante pour supporter les pressions produites dans le circuit. De manière classique, c'est le brasage qui convient le mieux quand les matériaux de construction sont de l'acier inoxydable, du cuivre, du laiton ou de l'aluminium. Quand on a choisi d'utiliser des matières polymérisées ou des céramiques, la jointure adéquate peut comprendre une liaison avec solvant ou collage, ou de la soudure thermique ou aux ultra-sons.The plates of the energy exchange structures are joined by any suitable means giving a seal of sufficient structural integrity to withstand the pressures produced in the circuit. Conventionally, it is the most suitable brazing when the building materials are stainless steel, copper, brass or aluminum. When the choice has been made to use polymerized materials or ceramics, the suitable joint may include a bond with solvent or bonding, or thermal or ultrasonic welding.
La figure 5 représente un exemple de structures d'échange d'énergie selon la présente invention. Ici, la structure d'échange d'énergie 23 comprend la plaque ondulée supérieure opposés 24 et la plaque ondulée inférieure 25. La plaque supérieure 24 comporte les canaux 27 dirigés vers l'intérieur et la plaque inferieure 25 comporte les canaux 28 dirigés vers l'intérieur (non représentée). La zone entre les canaux de la plaque supérieure 24 comporte les crêtes 29 et la zone entre les canaux de la plaque inférieure 25 comporte les crêtes 30 (non représentée), chacune d'elle comprenant des passages dans lesquels s'écoule l'huile. Les plaques opposées sont réunies par leur bordure extérieure 26. Sur l'ensemble représenté, la bordure extérieure est brasée afin de garantir l'intégrité structurelle du joint des structures d'échange d'énergie. Le bord central intérieur de la structure d'échange comporte la bague de compression 31 à laquelle sont réunies les plaques.FIG. 5 represents an example of energy exchange structures according to the present invention. Here, the
Les canaux des plaques opposées se fabriquent facilement par estampage, par emboutissage ou par quelque autre moyen pour mettre les canaux en forme dans les plaques. Les canaux peuvent recevoir une forme de courbe involutée ou être autrement recourbés ou même recevoir une forme droite et être disposés généralement en suivant une courbe involutée. Lorsque les canaux sont formés le long d'une courbe involutée, il peuvent typiquement avoir n'importe quelle longueur dans les limites de la courbe sur la plaque. Quand les canaux sont formés le long d'une courbe involutée mais sont disposés généralement le long de celle-ci, ils sont essentiellement droits ou légèrement incurvés et il est conseillé de faire des segments raccourcis pour réduire les différences de distance du canal par rapport à la courbure involutée.The channels of the opposing plates are easily made by stamping, stamping, or some other means to shape the channels in the plates. The channels can receive an involute curve shape or be otherwise curved or even receive a straight shape and be generally arranged following an involute curve. When the channels are formed along an involute curve, they can typically have any length within the limits of the curve on the plate. When the channels are formed along an involute curve but are generally arranged along it, they are essentially straight or slightly curved and it is advisable to make shortened segments to reduce the differences in distance of the channel from involuntary curvature.
Bien qu'il ne soit pas nécessaire que les canaux soient généralement équidistants des canaux voisins sur toute leur longueur, cela est cependant conseillé dans de nombreuses applications pour automobile. Le terme "équidistant" signifie que la distance entre des canaux voisins doit généralement être la même sur toute la longueur des canaux. Il doit être bien compris que l'espacement équidistant adopté ne signifie pas non plus que la distance entre des canaux voisins doive être la même, même si cela est conseillé pour de nombreuses applications.Although it is not necessary that the channels are generally equidistant from the neighboring channels over their entire length, this is however recommended in many automotive applications. The term "equidistant" means that the distance between neighboring channels should generally be the same over the entire length of the channels. It should be understood that the equidistant spacing adopted does not mean that the distance between neighboring channels must be the same, even if this is recommended for many applications.
La zone entre des canaux voisins comprend les crêtes voisines. Ni les crêtes voisines ni les canaux voisins ne doivent nécessairement avoir la même largeur. Les crêtes peuvent être sur le même plan que la plaque ou peuvent être estampées, embouties ou formées autrement pour s'étendre au-dessus du plan de la plaque. Il doit être bien compris que l'utilisation d'autres moyens, bien connus dans la profession, sont envisagés pour la formation des canaux et des crêtes, y compris le moulage et autres moyens analogues.The area between neighboring canals includes neighboring ridges. Neither the neighboring ridges nor the neighboring canals must necessarily have the same width. The ridges can be on the same plane as the plate or can be stamped, stamped or otherwise formed to extend above the plane of the plate. He must it should be understood that the use of other means, well known in the profession, are envisaged for the formation of channels and ridges, including molding and other similar means.
D'une manière générale, les crêtes et les canaux formeront un angle oblique avec le sens circonférentiel de la plaque. Il est préférable que l'angle oblique soit de 5 à 75 degrés environ par rapport au sens circonférentiel du flux d'huile entre les plaques et qu'il soit, bien préférablement, d'environ 15 à environ 45 degrés.Generally, the ridges and channels will form an oblique angle with the circumferential direction of the plate. It is preferable that the oblique angle is about 5 to 75 degrees from the circumferential direction of the oil flow between the plates and that it is most preferably about 15 to about 45 degrees.
Les première et deuxième plaques allongées opposées, avec leurs canaux disposés en angulairement, sont montées de manière à ce que les canaux de la première plaque croisent les canaux opposés de la deuxième plaque. Il n'est pas essentiel que les canaux ou que les crêtes de la première plaque aient le même angle d'obliquité avec le sens longitudinal que ceux de la seconde plaque, même si cela est en général conseillé.The first and second opposite elongated plates, with their channels arranged at an angular angle, are mounted so that the channels of the first plate cross the opposite channels of the second plate. It is not essential that the channels or the ridges of the first plate have the same oblique angle with the longitudinal direction as those of the second plate, although this is generally advised.
Les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues en plan des surfaces intérieures de la plaque supérieure 24 et de la plaque inférieure 25 de la figure 5. La figure 6 représente les canaux 27 de la plaque supérieure 24, disposés pour suivre les courbes involutées, ils sont essentiellement équidistants des canaux voisins sur toute leur longueur sur la plaque. Les crêtes représentées dans la réalisation présente sont d'une largeur essentiellement égale mais on doit bien comprendre que l'invention envisage et comprend des configurations où les crêtes ou les canaux d'une plaque ne sont pas égaux en largeur aux crêtes ou canaux voisins.Figures 6 and 7 are plan views of the interior surfaces of the
La figure 7 représente la surface intérieure de la plaque inférieure 25 qui fait face à la surface intérieure de la plaque supérieure 24. Là, les canaux 28 sont disposés pour suivre des courbes involutées, étant essentiellement équidistants aux canaux voisins sur toute leur longueur et ils constituent, au montage, une image miroir inversée de la plaque supérieure 24; quand la plaque supérieure et la plaque inférieure sont assemblées, se regardant l'une l'autre, pour constituer le structure d'échange d'énergie selon la présente invention, les canaux suivant les courbes involutées de la plaque supérieure croisent les canaux suivant les courbes involutées de la plaque inférieure.FIG. 7 represents the internal surface of the
La figure 8 représente schématiquement une configuration des canaux sur les surfaces intérieures se regardant des plaques ondulées jointes, où les ondulations sont disposées en au moins quatre jeux de canaux généralement parallèles, chaque jeu étant disposé obliquement par rapport à un débit circulaire dans le passage creux défini par les plaques opposées réunies. Quand des plaques supérieures et des plaques inférieures ayant cette configuration sont assemblées, se regardant les unes les autres, pour former la structure d'échange d'énergie faisant l'objet de la présente invention, les canaux suivant le sens schématique de la plaque supérieure croisent les canaux suivant le sens schématique de la plaque inférieure. Les jeux de canaux de la première plaque croisent les jeux opposés de la seconde plaque si bien que la zone entre les canaux opposés des jeux opposés définissent des passages croisés dans lesquelles le fluide peut s'écouler.FIG. 8 schematically represents a configuration of the channels on the interior surfaces looking at attached corrugated plates, where the corrugations are arranged in at least four sets of generally parallel channels, each set being arranged obliquely to a circular flow rate in the hollow passage defined by the opposing plates joined together. When upper plates and lower plates having this configuration are assembled, looking at each other, to form the energy exchange structure object of the present invention, the channels in the schematic direction of the upper plate cross the channels in the schematic direction of the bottom plate. The channel sets of the first plate intersect the opposite games of the second plate so that the area between the opposite channels of the opposite games define cross passages in which the fluid can flow.
D'une façon générale, les radiateurs de refroidissement d'huile selon l'invention peuvent être construits avec n'importe quelle matière adéquate pouvant supporter les effets corrosifs et les pressions internes du fluide du circuit. Parmi les matériaux typiques, on comprend des métaux malléables comme l'aluminium, le cuivre, l'acier, l'acier inoxydable et leurs alliages et même des matières plastiques ou des céramiques.In general, the oil cooling radiators according to the invention can be constructed with any suitable material capable of withstanding the corrosive effects and the internal pressures of the fluid in the circuit. Typical materials include malleable metals such as aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel and their alloys, and even plastics or ceramics.
Ces matériaux peuvent recevoir un revêtement interne ou externe, être traités, et ainsi de suite. La plupart du temps, il est souhaitable d'utiliser un matériau aussi mince que possible pour avoir un rendement maximum du processus d'échange d'énergie. Habituellement, chacun des composants d'un radiateur de refroidissement sont formés à partir du même matériau lorsqu'ils doivent être réunis ensemble. Par exemple, les plaques utilisées pour construire les structures d'échange d'énergie doivent de préférence être formées à partir d'une même matière. Il doit cependant être bien compris qu'il entre dans le domaine de l'invention d'utiliser divers matériaux pour l'assemblage, par exemple l'utilisation de l'acier ou des matières plastiques dans les boîtiers ou dans les surfaces des extrémités du boîtier tout en utilisant d'autres métaux, d'autres matières plastiques ou des céramiques dans les structures d'échange d'énergie.These materials can receive an internal or external coating, be treated, and so on. The most of the time, it is desirable to use as thin a material as possible for maximum efficiency of the energy exchange process. Usually, each of the components of a cooling radiator are formed from the same material when they are to be joined together. For example, the plates used to build the energy exchange structures should preferably be formed from the same material. It should however be clearly understood that it is within the scope of the invention to use various materials for assembly, for example the use of steel or plastics in the housings or in the surfaces of the ends of the casing while using other metals, other plastics or ceramics in the energy exchange structures.
Il doit être bien compris que, si l'invention est illustrée par un radiateur de refroidissement d'huile pour automobile, on a cependant vu qu'elle pouvait s'appliquer à de multiples installations d'échangeur de chaleur.It should be understood that, if the invention is illustrated by an automobile oil cooling radiator, it has however been seen that it could be applied to multiple heat exchanger installations.
Claims (13)
- Energy exchange structure (23) comprising first and second parallel facing plates (24, 25) joined together so as to define a hollow passage for a generally circular flow of fluid between an inlet and a discharge (13, 21), characterised in that the facing plates (24, 25) have corrugations in a-crossed structure so as to define a certain number of facing channels (27, 28) extending in the hollow passage and disposed so as to follow generally involute curves, the channels in the first plate (24) being disposed so as to cross the channels in the second plate (25) in such a way that the zone between the facing channels defines crossed passages.
- Structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that the channels (27, 28) are formed along involute curves.
- Structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that the channels (27, 28) are disposed generally along involute curves.
- Structure according to Claim 3, characterised in that the generally straight channels (27, 28) are disposed generally along involute curves.
- Structure according to Claim 3, characterised in that the generally curved channels (27, 28) are generally disposed along involute curves.
- Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the channels (27, 28) are obliquely disposed by approximately 5 to 75 degrees with respect to the direction of flow of the fluid in the hollow passage.
- Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the channels (27 or 28) in a plate (24 or 25) are generally equidistant from the adjacent channels (27 or 28) over their entire length.
- Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the channels (27, 28) are of generally equal width.
- Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer edges of the plates (24, 25) are connected so as to form a flat joined plate.
- Oil cooling radiator for a motor car, characterised in that it has at least one energy exchange structure according to one of Claims 1 to 9, the said energy exchange structure being disposed in a hollow structure (11), the configuration of which enables a second fluid to flow around the surfaces of the energy exchange structures, and in that an inlet (13) to a hollow energy exchange structure is connected to a receiver (35) and an outlet (21) from an energy exchange structure is connected to a receiver (36).
- Cooling radiator according to Claim 10, characterised in that an inlet (13) to a hollow energy exchange structure is connected to an outlet (21) from another energy exchange structure.
- Method for forming an oil cooling radiator according to one of Claims 10 to 11, characterised in that it comprises:- the forming of plates, with corrugations in cross section and a certain number of channels disposed so as generally to follow involute curves;- the fitting of the said plates so that the apexes of the channels in the first plate are disposed so as to cross the apexes of the channels in the second plate;- the joining of the said first and second plates at the centre and at the edges in order to form an energy exchange structure with a hollow passage running in a generally circular direction with an inlet and outlet and in which the said channels in the said plates are disposed obliquely with respect to the circular direction of the said passage;- and the assembly of a certain number of energy exchange structures in a stack.
- Energy exchange structure including a first plate (24) and a second plate (25) facing one another and generally parallel, connected together so as to define a hollow passage with a liquid flowing in a generally circular flow between an inlet (13) and an outlet (21), characterised in that the facing plates have crossed corrugations defining a certain number of facing channels (27, 28) passing through the hollow passage and disposed in multiple sets of generally parallel channels, each set being oblique with respect to the adjacent sets and to the generally circular direction of flow of the fluid, the channels in the first plate (24) being disposed so as to cross the channels in the second plate (25), so that the zones between the facing channels define crossing passages.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/437,680 US5203832A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1989-11-17 | Circumferential flow heat exchanger |
US437680 | 1989-11-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0430752A1 EP0430752A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
EP0430752B1 true EP0430752B1 (en) | 1993-10-27 |
Family
ID=23737444
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90403244A Expired - Lifetime EP0430752B1 (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1990-11-16 | Heat-exchanger with a circumferential circulation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5203832A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0430752B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0648150B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9005827A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2030155C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69004220T2 (en) |
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-
1989
- 1989-11-17 US US07/437,680 patent/US5203832A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-11-16 DE DE90403244T patent/DE69004220T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-16 BR BR909005827A patent/BR9005827A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-16 CA CA002030155A patent/CA2030155C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-16 JP JP2309013A patent/JPH0648150B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-16 EP EP90403244A patent/EP0430752B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-11-24 US US07/980,871 patent/US5343936A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BR9005827A (en) | 1991-09-24 |
CA2030155C (en) | 1995-08-15 |
JPH03213996A (en) | 1991-09-19 |
CA2030155A1 (en) | 1991-05-18 |
DE69004220D1 (en) | 1993-12-02 |
US5203832A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
DE69004220T2 (en) | 1994-03-10 |
EP0430752A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
JPH0648150B2 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
US5343936A (en) | 1994-09-06 |
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