EP0423029B1 - Device and method for lifting and moving objects - Google Patents
Device and method for lifting and moving objects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0423029B1 EP0423029B1 EP90402827A EP90402827A EP0423029B1 EP 0423029 B1 EP0423029 B1 EP 0423029B1 EP 90402827 A EP90402827 A EP 90402827A EP 90402827 A EP90402827 A EP 90402827A EP 0423029 B1 EP0423029 B1 EP 0423029B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- supports
- jack
- objects
- lifting
- floor
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
- E01D19/048—Bearings being adjustable once installed; Bearings used in incremental launching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F1/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps
- B66F1/02—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts
- B66F1/025—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts the devices being operated by fluid pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
- E01D21/06—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges by translational movement of the bridge or bridge sections
- E01D21/065—Incremental launching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for lifting and moving objects.
- the invention relates in particular to a device for building a bridge according to the method known as "pushed bridges", in which the objects to be lifted and to be moved are elements of the deck of said bridge.
- FIGS 1 to 6 attached illustrate the conventional method of construction by pushing bridges.
- the reference 1 designates piles of bridges which are pre-installed.
- a first concrete deck element 2 is poured in front of the concrete abutment 3 which must connect the bridge to the ground 4 (see Figure 1).
- a second element 5 is cast behind the first element 2 (see FIG. 3).
- a fourth step the two elements 2 and 5 are pushed together towards the stacks 1 by a force F2 (FIG. 4).
- a third element 6 is then poured (see FIG. 5) and the three elements 2, 5 and 6 are pushed together on the piles 1 (FIG. 6).
- the weight of a pushed deck can reach 30,000 tonnes in the final phase (approximate maximum value achieved to date).
- the coefficient of friction commonly varies between 1% and 5% in the case of a sliding surface made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
- Longitudinal slopes can reach 3.5% in the case of works for TGV (high speed trains) and they can be higher than this value for road works. It can therefore be seen that the pushing forces can reach values greater than 30,000 ⁇ (0.035 + 0.05), or 2,550 tonnes.
- the bearing surface of the device on the stack is either horizontal or parallel to the deck.
- the conventional technique also has the defect of not ensuring the safety of the apron if the movement of the latter escapes the control of the operator, in the event for example of failure of the lifting and displacement means used.
- German patent application 1 905 997 describes a device (according to the preamble of claim 1) for moving heavy loads on a horizontal surface by means of a lifting cylinder and a pushing cylinder.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known devices.
- the invention thus relates to a device for lifting and moving objects, comprising means for lifting objects resting on one or more temporary fixed supports and means for moving these objects to make them undergo translation relative to this or these supports, said means cooperating with a sliding surface located near said temporary support (s).
- this device is characterized in that said surface forms with the contact surface between the object to be moved and the support (s), a dihedral whose edge is directed opposite to the direction in which wishes to move the object, said surface being on a downward slope relative to the direction of movement of the object, said means being adapted to simultaneously lift and push the objects in order to maintain them during their movement at a predetermined distance from the - above the support (s).
- the means for moving these objects raise them and move over a surface forming a downward slope.
- the value of the slope along which the means of lifting objects move can be decided by the company. The more this slope is downward relative to the surface of displacement of the objects, the more the effort of pushing or displacement of the objects is reduced.
- the lifting and moving means are actuated simultaneously, despite the above-mentioned dihedral, the displaced objects can be kept at a predetermined distance above the support (s).
- the objects to be lifted and moved are elements of the deck of said bridge, the supports being arranged on piers of this bridge intended to support the deck elements.
- said means for lifting and moving the deck elements comprise a lower plate fixed on a surface formed on a bridge pier, an upper plate slidably mounted on the fixed lower plate, a first jack fixed perpendicular to the movable upper plate and whose movable head is adapted to come into contact with the deck element resting on one or more supports to lift it, at least one second jack having one of its fixed ends and its another end secured to the movable plate to move the latter relative to the fixed plate.
- the device designated by the reference 10 in Figure 7 is placed in a cavity 11 formed at the top of certain piers 1 of the bridge to be built. Certain batteries 1 thus receive such a device 10.
- the upper part of the stack 1 comprises in the example shown, two supports 12, 13 on which the deck member 14 which is to be moved rests.
- This bearing surface is here located on a rising slope.
- the surface S along which the device 10 is capable of moving forms with the contact surface S1, S2 between the apron element 14 to be moved and the supports 12, 13 a dihedral whose edge (not visible in FIG. 7) is directed opposite the direction D in which it is desired to move the element 14.
- this surface S is on a downward slope relative to the direction of displacement D of element 14, so that it is inverse to the slope on which element 14 must move.
- the device 10 shown in Figures 7, 8A and 8B comprises a lower plate 15 fixed by a layer of mortar 17 on the inclined bottom 16 of the cavity 11 between two supports 12, 13. On this fixed plate 15 is mounted so sliding top plate 18.
- a first cylinder 19 is fixed perpendicularly to the movable upper plate 18 and whose movable head 20 is adapted to come into contact with the deck element 14 resting on the two supports 12, 13 to lift it. Stops 29 are provided on the movable plate 18 to prevent any sliding of the jack 19.
- One 21a, 22a of the ends of the jacks 21, 22 is fixed to the fixed plate 15 and the other ends 21b, 22b are integral with the movable plate 18.
- the jacks 21, 22 are thus designed to move the movable plate 18 relative to the fixed plate 15, along the surface S, between the two positions shown in Figures 8A and 8B.
- a layer 23 of material with a low coefficient of friction such as PTFE is interposed between the two plates 15 and 18.
- the head 20 of the first jack 10 has a striated surface 24 parallel to the contact surface S1, S2 between the deck member 14 and the two supports 12, 13. These ridges 24 allow d '' avoid any risk of sliding of the apron element 14.
- This striated surface can be replaced by a layer of neoprene or other anti-slip surface.
- the device 10 includes manometers 25, 26 for controlling the operating pressure of each of the jacks, as well as sensors 27, 28 for measuring the displacements of the bulkhead element 14 , order the jacks 19, 21 and to perfectly control their vertical and longitudinal movements.
- the device 10 In the position shown in FIG. 9, the device 10 is at rest, the jacks 19 and 21 are all retracted, the pressure gauges 25, 26 display zero pressure, and the apron element 14 rests on the supports 12, 13: it cannot therefore move in one direction or the other.
- a first step (see FIG. 10), the operation of the lifting cylinder 19 is controlled until it develops approximately 90% of the force necessary to lift the deck element 14.
- the hydraulic circuit of the push cylinder 21 could include a non-return valve.
- the lifting cylinder 19 is mounted under pressure until it develops the necessary force (see position 100% of the pressure gauge 25), to lift the bulkhead element 14.
- the stroke of the lifting cylinder 19 is stopped as soon as the bulkhead element 14 has risen a few millimeters above the supports (12, 13).
- the pushing cylinder 21 is mounted in pressure until developing the force necessary for pushing (see FIG. 13; position 2 of the pressure gauge 26).
- a sensor 27 determines the position in altitude of the element 14 and thus controls the power supply to the jack 19.
- the push cylinder 21 can thus move the apron element 14 along its maximum stroke, for example equal to 30 cm.
- the pressure in the pushing cylinder 21 is then reduced to 0. The same is done for the lifting cylinder 19.
- the strokes of the two cylinders 19 and 21 are also reduced to 0.
- the device 10 has thus returned to its initial position shown in FIG. 9. It is then ready for a new lifting and pushing cycle.
- the pushing force being reduced it may be possible to reduce the number of supports to be fitted with the device.
- the device according to the invention can be equipped with two control members: - a vertical steering device which will avoid bending the deck excessively at any time, keeping it at the chosen altitude. If the apron advances too quickly in the direction of pushing, it will deposit itself on its rest supports. If the apron begins to "move back" it will be raised by the wedge effect and the piloting of the lifting cylinder will cause a reduction in its pressure which will maintain it at the desired level and will avoid bending the apron by uneven support.
- the device according to the invention can be used to lift and move objects other than bridge deck elements.
- the movement of objects can be carried out horizontally or along a downward slope, the main thing being that the sliding surface of the lifting and pushing means takes place along a slope different from that of the objects to be moved.
- the invention can also be applied to the pushing of bridges made of steel deck elements or other material.
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- Geology (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour soulever et déplacer des objets.The present invention relates to a device for lifting and moving objects.
L'invention vise en particulier un dispositif pour construire un pont selon la méthode dite des "ponts poussés", dans laquelle les objets à soulever et à déplacer sont des éléments de tablier dudit pont.The invention relates in particular to a device for building a bridge according to the method known as "pushed bridges", in which the objects to be lifted and to be moved are elements of the deck of said bridge.
Les figures 1 à 6 annexées illustrent la méthode classique de construction par poussage des ponts.Figures 1 to 6 attached illustrate the conventional method of construction by pushing bridges.
Sur ces figures, la référence 1 désigne des piles de ponts qui sont préinstallées.In these figures, the
Dans une première étape, un premier élément de tablier 2 en béton est coulé en avant de la culée en béton 3 qui doit relier le pont au sol 4 (voir figure 1).In a first step, a first
Dans une deuxième étape, l'élément 2 est poussé au-dessus de la culée 3 par une force F₁ (Voir figure 2).In a second step, the
Dans une troisième étape, un deuxième élément 5 est coulé en arrière du premier élément 2 (voir figure 3).In a third step, a
Dans une quatrième étape, les deux éléments 2 et 5 sont poussés ensemble vers les piles 1 par une force F₂ (figure 4).In a fourth step, the two
On coule ensuite un troisième élément 6 (voir figure 5) et on pousse les trois éléments 2, 5 et 6 ensemble sur les piles 1 (figure 6).A
Cette technique connue élimine partiellement le coût des échafaudages mais nécessite la mise en oeuvre de deux moyens qui ne sont pas incorporés à l'ouvrage définitif :
- 1) des patins de glissement, qu'on place sur les piles et parfois même sur des palées intermédiaires provisoires ;
- 2) des dispositifs capables de produire et de transmettre des efforts d'axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de l'ouvrage, ci-après nommés "efforts de poussage".
- 1) sliding pads, which are placed on the piles and sometimes even on temporary intermediate bearings;
- 2) devices capable of producing and transmitting forces of axis substantially parallel to the axis of the structure, hereinafter called "pushing forces".
Ces efforts sont directement proportionnels au poids du tablier poussé et à un facteur qui est la somme de deux termes : le frottement engendré par les dispositifs de glissement et la pente longitudinale du tablier.These forces are directly proportional to the weight of the pushed deck and to a factor which is the sum of two terms: the friction generated by the sliding devices and the longitudinal slope of the deck.
Le poids d'un tablier poussé peut atteindre 30 000 tonnes en phase finale (valeur maximale approximative réalisée à ce jour). Le coefficient de frottement varie couramment entre 1% et 5% dans le cas d'une surface de glissement en PTFE (polytétrafluoréthylène). Les pentes longitudinales peuvent atteindre 3,5% dans le cas des ouvrages pour TGV (trains à grande vitesse) et elles peuvent être supérieures à cette valeur pour des ouvrages routiers. On constate donc que les efforts de poussage peuvent atteindre des valeurs supérieures à 30 000 × (0,035 + 0,05), soit 2 550 tonnes.The weight of a pushed deck can reach 30,000 tonnes in the final phase (approximate maximum value achieved to date). The coefficient of friction commonly varies between 1% and 5% in the case of a sliding surface made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). Longitudinal slopes can reach 3.5% in the case of works for TGV (high speed trains) and they can be higher than this value for road works. It can therefore be seen that the pushing forces can reach values greater than 30,000 × (0.035 + 0.05), or 2,550 tonnes.
Ces deux moyens (glissement et poussage) peuvent être dissociés ou associés selon les techniques utilisées. Ces techniques peuvent être classées en 3 grandes familles :
- 1) le tablier glisse sur tous ses appuis. L'effort de poussage est appliqué directement à l'arrière du tronçon ou élément qui vient d'être réalisé, à l'aide par exemple d'un vérin ;
- 2) le tablier glisse sur tous ses appuis mais l'"effort de poussage" est remplacé par un "effort de tirage". Cet effort est appliqué soit à l'arrière du tronçon, soit en des positions intermédiaires. L'effort de tirage est exercé par des câbles, eux-mêmes tendus par des vérins ;
- 3) le tablier glisse encore sur tous ses appuis mais certains (un pour des tabliers légers, deux ou trois si nécessaire) sont privilégiés en ce sens qu'ils sont équipés de dispositifs qui permettent de soulever le tablier puis de le faire glisser. C'est sur les dispositifs de soulèvement que sont appliqués une partie des efforts de poussage (qui sont transmis au tablier par frottement).
- 1) the apron slides on all its supports. The pushing force is applied directly to the rear of the section or element which has just been produced, using for example a jack;
- 2) the apron slides on all its supports but the "pushing force" is replaced by a "pulling force". This force is applied either at the rear of the section, or in intermediate positions. The pulling force is exerted by cables, themselves stretched by jacks;
- 3) the apron still slides on all its supports but some (one for light aprons, two or three if necessary) are preferred in the sense that they are equipped with devices that allow the apron to be lifted and then slid. It is on the lifting devices that part of the pushing forces are applied (which are transmitted to the deck by friction).
C'est à cette dernière technique que l'invention se rapporte, en particulier.It is to this latter technique that the invention relates, in particular.
Dans la technique connue, la surface d'appui du dispositif sur la pile est soit horizontale soit parallèle au tablier.In the known technique, the bearing surface of the device on the stack is either horizontal or parallel to the deck.
La demanderesse a constaté que cette technique classique n'était pas satisfaisante. En effet, lors de la mise en oeuvre de cette technique, l'entrepreneur n'est en rien maître de l'intensité des efforts de poussage nécessaires, comme l'indiquent les valeurs numériques citées plus haut.The Applicant has found that this conventional technique is not satisfactory. Indeed, during the implementation of this technique, the entrepreneur is in no way in control of the intensity of the necessary pushing forces, as indicated by the numerical values cited above.
La technique classique a également pour défaut de ne pas assurer la sécurité du tablier si le mouvement de celui-ci échappe au contrôle de l'opérateur, en cas par exemple de défaillance des moyens de soulèvement et de déplacement utilisés.The conventional technique also has the defect of not ensuring the safety of the apron if the movement of the latter escapes the control of the operator, in the event for example of failure of the lifting and displacement means used.
La technique connue de déplacement d'un pont par poussage est illustrée par exemple par la demande de brevet français 2 616 459.The known technique of moving a bridge by pushing is illustrated for example by French patent application 2,616,459.
Par ailleurs, la demande de brevet allemand 1 905 997 décrit un dispositif (selon le préambule de la revendication 1) pour déplacer des charges lourdes sur une surface horizontale au moyen d'un vérin de levage et d'un vérin de poussage.Furthermore,
Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients des dispositifs connus.The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known devices.
L'invention vise ainsi un dispositif pour soulever et déplacer des objets, comprenant des moyens pour soulever les objets reposant sur un ou plusieurs appuis fixes temporaires et des moyens pour déplacer ces objets pour leur faire subir une translation par rapport à ce ou ces appuis, lesdits moyens coopérant avec une surface de glissement située à proximité du ou desdits appuis temporaires.The invention thus relates to a device for lifting and moving objects, comprising means for lifting objects resting on one or more temporary fixed supports and means for moving these objects to make them undergo translation relative to this or these supports, said means cooperating with a sliding surface located near said temporary support (s).
Suivant l'invention, ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce que ladite surface forme avec la surface de contact entre l'objet à déplacer et le ou les appuis, un dièdre dont l'arête est dirigée à l'opposé de la direction suivant laquelle on désire déplacer l'objet, ladite surface étant sur une pente descendante par rapport à la direction de déplacement de l'objet, lesdits moyens étant adaptés pour lever et pousser simultanément les objets afin de maintenir ceux-ci pendant leur déplacement à une distance prédéterminée au-dessus du ou des appuis.According to the invention, this device is characterized in that said surface forms with the contact surface between the object to be moved and the support (s), a dihedral whose edge is directed opposite to the direction in which wishes to move the object, said surface being on a downward slope relative to the direction of movement of the object, said means being adapted to simultaneously lift and push the objects in order to maintain them during their movement at a predetermined distance from the - above the support (s).
Ainsi, lorsque les objets doivent être déplacés suivant une pente montante, les moyens pour déplacer ces objets soulèvent ceux-ci et se déplacent sur une surface formant une pente descendante.Thus, when the objects have to be moved along an upward slope, the means for moving these objects raise them and move over a surface forming a downward slope.
Le valeur de la pente suivant laquelle se déplacent les moyens de soulèvement des objets peut être décidée par l'entreprise. Plus cette pente est descendante par rapport à la surface de déplacement des objets, plus l'effort de poussage ou de déplacement des objets est réduit.The value of the slope along which the means of lifting objects move can be decided by the company. The more this slope is downward relative to the surface of displacement of the objects, the more the effort of pushing or displacement of the objects is reduced.
Par ailleurs, en cas de glissement incontrôlé des objets, étant donné que les moyens de déplacement se déplacent suivant une pente inverse, les objets se déposent d'eux-mêmes sur leurs appuis, de sorte que leur glissement sera automatiquement stoppé.Furthermore, in the event of uncontrolled sliding of the objects, since the displacement means move along an opposite slope, the objects deposit themselves on their supports, so that their sliding will be automatically stopped.
Par ailleurs, étant donné que les moyens de soulèvement et de déplacement sont actionnés simultanément, malgré le dièdre précité, les objets déplacés peuvent être maintenus à une distance prédéterminée au-dessus du ou des appuis.Furthermore, since the lifting and moving means are actuated simultaneously, despite the above-mentioned dihedral, the displaced objects can be kept at a predetermined distance above the support (s).
Lorsque le dispositif selon l'invention est appliqué à la construction d'un pont, les objets à soulever et à déplacer sont des éléments de tablier dudit pont, les appuis étant disposés sur des piles de ce pont destinées à supporter les éléments de tablier.When the device according to the invention is applied to the construction of a bridge, the objects to be lifted and moved are elements of the deck of said bridge, the supports being arranged on piers of this bridge intended to support the deck elements.
Selon une version préférée de l'invention, lesdits moyens pour soulever et déplacer les éléments de tablier, comprennent une plaque inférieure fixée sur une surface formée sur une pile du pont, une plaque supérieure montée de façon coulissante sur la plaque inférieure fixe, un premier vérin fixé perpendiculairement à la plaque supérieure mobile et dont la tête mobile est adaptée pour venir en contact avec l'élément de tablier reposant sur un ou plusieurs appuis pour le soulever, au moins un second vérin ayant l'une de ses extrémités fixe et son autre extrémité solidaire de la plaque mobile pour déplacer celle-ci par rapport à la plaque fixe.According to a preferred version of the invention, said means for lifting and moving the deck elements, comprise a lower plate fixed on a surface formed on a bridge pier, an upper plate slidably mounted on the fixed lower plate, a first jack fixed perpendicular to the movable upper plate and whose movable head is adapted to come into contact with the deck element resting on one or more supports to lift it, at least one second jack having one of its fixed ends and its another end secured to the movable plate to move the latter relative to the fixed plate.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le procédé pour la mise en oeuvre du dispositif selon l'invention pour soulever et déplacer des éléments de tablier d'un pont sur les piles préinstallées de celui-ci comprend les étapes suivantes :
- a) on commande le déplacement du premier vérin pour soulever un élément de tablier, et
- b) on commande le déplacement du second vérin pour faire coulisser la plaque mobile par rapport à la plaque fixe,
- c) on commande le retrait du premier vérin, puis celui du second vérin et on répète les opérations précitées dans l'ordre a), b) et c) jusqu'à la position finale désirée de l'élément de tablier.
- a) the movement of the first cylinder is controlled to lift an apron element, and
- b) the movement of the second cylinder is controlled to slide the movable plate relative to the fixed plate,
- c) the withdrawal of the first cylinder is controlled, then that of the second cylinder and the aforementioned operations are repeated in order a), b) and c) until the desired final position of the deck element.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the description below.
Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs :
- les figures 1 à 6 illustrent schématiquement le procédé classique de construction d'un pont au moyen d'éléments de tablier poussés ;
- la figure 7 est une vue en élévation d'un dispositif selon l'invention, placé sur une pile de pont et destiné à soulever et déplacer un tablier de pont ;
- la figure 8A est une demi-vue de dessus du dispositif, le vérin de poussage étant rentré ;
- la figure 8B est une demi-vue analogue à la figure 8A, le vérin de poussage étant en position étirée ou sortie,
- les figures 9 à 13 montrent en élévation schématique le dispositif selon l'invention dans ses différentes positions de fonctionnement.
- Figures 1 to 6 schematically illustrate the conventional method of building a bridge by means of pushed deck elements;
- Figure 7 is an elevational view of a device according to the invention, placed on a bridge pier and intended to lift and move a bridge deck;
- Figure 8A is a half top view of the device, the push cylinder being retracted;
- FIG. 8B is a half-view similar to FIG. 8A, the pushing cylinder being in the stretched or extended position,
- Figures 9 to 13 show in schematic elevation the device according to the invention in its different operating positions.
Le dispositif désigné par la référence 10 à la figure 7 est placé dans une cavité 11 ménagée à la partie supérieure de certaines piles 1 du pont à construire. Certaines piles 1 reçoivent ainsi un tel dispositif 10.The device designated by the
La partie supérieure de la pile 1 comporte dans l'exemple représenté, deux appuis 12, 13 sur lesquels repose l'élément de tablier 14 que l'on veut déplacer.The upper part of the
Dans l'exemple représenté, l'on veut déplacer l'élément de tablier 14 dans la direction D qui est parallèle à la surface suivant laquelle l'élément 14 repose sur les appuis 12, 13.In the example shown, we want to move the
Cette surface d'appui est ici située sur une pente montante.This bearing surface is here located on a rising slope.
Conformément à la présente invention, la surface S suivant laquelle le dispositif 10 est susceptible de se déplacer, forme avec la surface de contact S₁, S₂ entre l'élément de tablier 14 à déplacer et les appuis 12, 13 un dièdre dont l'arête (non visible sur la figure 7) est dirigée à l'opposé de la direction D suivant laquelle on désire déplacer l'élément 14.According to the present invention, the surface S along which the
Dans l'exemple de la figure 7, cette surface S est sur une pente descendante par rapport à la direction de déplacement D de l'élément 14, de sorte qu'elle est inverse de la pente sur laquelle doit se déplacer l'élément 14.In the example of FIG. 7, this surface S is on a downward slope relative to the direction of displacement D of
Le dispositif 10 représenté sur les figures 7, 8A et 8B comprend une plaque inférieure 15 fixée par une couche de mortier 17 sur le fond incliné 16 de la cavité 11 comprise entre deux appuis 12, 13. Sur cette plaque fixe 15 est montée de façon coulissante une plaque supérieure 18.The
Un premier vérin 19 est fixé perpendiculairement sur la plaque supérieure mobile 18 et dont la tête mobile 20 est adaptée pour venir en contact avec l'élément de tablier 14 reposant sur les deux appuis 12, 13 pour le soulever. Des butées 29 sont prévues sur la plaque mobile 18 pour empêcher tout glissement du vérin 19.A
D'autres vérins 21, 22 s'étendent entre les deux appuis 12, 13.
L'une 21a, 22a des extrémités des vérins 21, 22 est fixée à la plaque fixe 15 et les autres extrémités 21b, 22b sont solidaires de la plaque mobile 18.One 21a, 22a of the ends of the
Les vérins 21, 22 sont ainsi conçus pour déplacer la plaque mobile 18 par rapport à la plaque fixe 15, suivant la surface S, entre les deux positions représentées par les figures 8A et 8B.The
Pour faciliter le glissement, une couche 23 de matière à faible coefficient de friction telle que du PTFE est interposée entre les deux plaques 15 et 18.To facilitate sliding, a
On voit également sur la figure 7 que la tête 20 du premier vérin 10, comporte une surface striée 24 parallèle à la surface de contact S₁, S₂ entre l'élément de tablier 14 et les deux appuis 12, 13. Ces stries 24 permettent d'éviter tout risque de glissement de l'élément de tablier 14.It can also be seen in FIG. 7 that the
Cette surface striée peut être remplacée par une couche de néoprène ou autre surface anti-glissement.This striated surface can be replaced by a layer of neoprene or other anti-slip surface.
On voit par ailleurs, sur les figures 9 à 13 que le dispositif 10 comprend des manomètres 25, 26 pour contrôler la pression de fonctionnement de chacun des vérins, ainsi que des capteurs 27, 28 pour mesurer les déplacements de l'élément de tablier 14, commander les vérins 19, 21 et pour contrôler parfaitement leurs déplacements verticaux et longitudinaux.It can also be seen in FIGS. 9 to 13 that the
On va maintenant détailler le fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention et en même temps le procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre.We will now detail the operation of the device according to the invention and at the same time the method for its implementation.
Dans la position représentée sur la figure 9, le dispositif 10 est au repos, les vérins 19 et 21 sont tous rétractés, les manomètres 25, 26 affichent une pression nulle, et l'élément de tablier 14 repose sur les appuis 12, 13 : il ne peut donc se déplacer ni dans un sens ni dans l'autre.In the position shown in FIG. 9, the
Dans une première étape (voir figure 10), on commande le fonctionnement du vérin de levage 19 jusqu'à ce qu'il développe environ 90% de la force nécessaire pour soulever l'élément de tablier 14.In a first step (see FIG. 10), the operation of the lifting
Immédiatement après (voir figure 11), on commande le fonctionnement du vérin de poussage 21 jusqu'à ce qu'il développe une force suffisante (voir position 1 du manomètre 26) pour empêcher le recul de l'élément de tablier 14.Immediately after (see FIG. 11), the operation of the
Alternativement, le circuit hydraulique du vérin de poussage 21 pourrait comporter un clapet anti-retour.Alternatively, the hydraulic circuit of the
Dans une étape ultérieure (voir figure 12), on monte le vérin de levage 19 en pression jusqu'à ce qu'il développe la force nécessaire (voir position 100% du manomètre 25), pour soulever l'élément de tablier 14.In a subsequent step (see FIG. 12), the lifting
La course du vérin de levage 19 est arrêtée dès que l'élément de tablier 14 s'est élevé de quelques millimètres au-dessus des appuis (12, 13).The stroke of the lifting
Dans la phase suivante, le vérin de poussage 21 est monté en pression jusqu'à développer l'effort nécessaire au poussage (voir figure 13 ; position 2 du manomètre 26).In the following phase, the pushing
Dès que l'élément de tablier 14 commence à progresser dans la direction D, du fait de la pente descendante de la surface de glissement S, le vérin de levage 19 est actionné pour maintenir l'élément de tablier à quelques millimètres au-dessus des appuis 12, 13. Dans la pratique, un capteur 27 (voir figure 9) détermine la position en altitude de l'élément 14 et pilote ainsi l'alimentation du vérin 19.As soon as the
Le vérin de poussage 21 peut ainsi déplacer l'élément de tablier 14 suivant sa course maximale, par exemple égale à 30 cm.The
Dans l'étape suivante, la pression dans le vérin de levage 19 est redescendue à 90% de sa valeur maximale. L'élément de tablier 14 repose alors à nouveau sur les appuis 12, 13.In the next step, the pressure in the
La pression dans le vérin de poussage 21 est ensuite ramenée à 0. On procède de même pour le vérin de levage 19. Les courses des deux vérins 19 et 21 sont également ramenées à 0.The pressure in the pushing
Le dispositif 10 est ainsi revenu à sa position initiale représentée sur la figure 9. Il est alors prêt pour un nouveau cycle de levage et poussage.The
Les principaux avantages du dispositif selon l'invention sont les suivants :The main advantages of the device according to the invention are as follows:
Le fait que la valeur de la pente sur laquelle se situe la surface de glissement S soit décidée par l'entreprise permet de réduire l'effort de poussage d'une valeur choisie : il ne dépendra donc plus uniquement des caractéristiques de l'ouvrage et des coefficients de frottement qui découlent de la technique.The fact that the value of the slope on which the sliding surface S is located is decided by the company makes it possible to reduce the pushing effort by a chosen value: it will therefore no longer depend solely on the characteristics of the structure and coefficients of friction which result from the technique.
Par exemple, si l'entreprise choisit une contre-pente égale à -10%, la réduction qui s'ensuivra sera de 1 700 × (0,035 + 0,10) = 230 tonnes environ par appui équipé si le poids d'une travée est égal à 1 700 tonnes et si la pente du tablier est égale à + 3,5%.For example, if the company chooses a down slope equal to -10%, the resulting reduction will be 1,700 × (0.035 + 0.10) = about 230 tonnes per equipped support if the weight of a span is equal to 1,700 tonnes and if the slope of the deck is equal to + 3.5%.
L'effort de poussage étant diminué, il est peut-être possible de réduire le nombre d'appuis à équiper du dispositif.The pushing force being reduced, it may be possible to reduce the number of supports to be fitted with the device.
Le dispositif selon l'invention peut être équipé de deux organes de pilotage :
- un organe de pilotage vertical qui évitera à tout moment de fléchir le tablier par excès, en le maintenant à l'altitude choisie. Si le tablier progresse trop vite dans le sens du poussage, il se déposera de lui-même sur ses appuis de repos. Si le tablier commence à "reculer" il se soulèvera par l'effet de coin et le pilotage du vérin de levage entraînera une diminution de sa pression qui le maintiendra au niveau souhaité et évitera de fléchir le tablier par dénivellation d'appui. De plus, une sécurité mettra instantanément hors service le vérin de levage (le tablier retombera sur ses appuis de repos) si la dénivellation d'appui devenait trop importante (on pourra, par exemple, la limiter à 1 cm, ce qui induirait une réaction supplémentaire de l'ordre de 100 tonnes, qui correspond à une surpression de 100/1 700 = 5,9% dans l'exemple pris précédemment).The device according to the invention can be equipped with two control members:
- a vertical steering device which will avoid bending the deck excessively at any time, keeping it at the chosen altitude. If the apron advances too quickly in the direction of pushing, it will deposit itself on its rest supports. If the apron begins to "move back" it will be raised by the wedge effect and the piloting of the lifting cylinder will cause a reduction in its pressure which will maintain it at the desired level and will avoid bending the apron by uneven support. In addition, a safety device will instantly deactivate the lifting cylinder (the deck will fall back onto its rest supports) if the support drop becomes too large (we could, for example, limit it to 1 cm, which would induce a reaction additional of the order of 100 tonnes, which corresponds to an overpressure of 100/1 700 = 5.9% in the example taken above).
Le fait que le vérin de levage doive être obligatoirement sous pression pendant les phases de glissement assure par réciproque que la sécurité du tablier est assurée dès lors que la pression tombe sous la pression de levage.
- un organe de pilotage longitudinal qui pourra également mettre hors service instantanément le vérin de levage (par exemple en interdisant à la platine mobile de reculer de 1 cm si le vérin de levage est en charge).The fact that the lifting cylinder must be pressurized during the sliding phases ensures conversely that the safety of the deck is ensured as soon as the pressure falls below the lifting pressure.
- a longitudinal control member which can also instantly deactivate the lifting cylinder (for example by preventing the movable plate from moving back 1 cm if the lifting cylinder is loaded).
On voit qu'on aura ainsi une double sécurité intrinsèque au recul non contrôlé. On pourra enfin ajouter une butée mécanique qui limitera le déplacement de la platine mobile et par conséquent du tablier.We see that we will have a double intrinsic safety in uncontrolled recoil. Finally, we can add a mechanical stop which will limit the movement of the movable plate and consequently of the deck.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation que l'on vient de décrire, et on peut apporter à celui-ci de nombreuses modifications sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described, and many modifications can be made to it without departing from the scope of the invention.
Ainsi, le dispositif selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour soulever et déplacer des objets autres que des éléments de tablier de ponts.Thus, the device according to the invention can be used to lift and move objects other than bridge deck elements.
Par ailleurs, le déplacement des objets peut s'effectuer horizontalement ou suivant une pente descendante, l'essentiel étant que la surface de glissement des moyens de levage et de poussage s'effectue suivant une pente différente de celle des objets à déplacer.Furthermore, the movement of objects can be carried out horizontally or along a downward slope, the main thing being that the sliding surface of the lifting and pushing means takes place along a slope different from that of the objects to be moved.
De plus, dans certaines applications, il peut être envisagé d'utiliser la différence de pente pour freiner le mouvement descendant des objets à déplacer.In addition, in certain applications, it may be envisaged to use the difference in slope to slow down the downward movement of the objects to be moved.
En outre, l'invention peut également s'appliquer au poussage des ponts constitués d'éléments de tablier en acier ou autre matériau.In addition, the invention can also be applied to the pushing of bridges made of steel deck elements or other material.
Claims (8)
- A device for lifting and moving objects (14) and comprising means (19) for lifting the objects on one or more temporary fixed supports (12, 13) and means (21) for moving the objects in translation with respect to the support or supports (12, 13), the lifting means (19), under the action of the moving means (20), being adapted to slide on a sliding surface (S) disposed near the temporary support or supports, characterised in that the surface (S) co-operates with the surface of contact (S₁, S₂) between the object (14) to be moved and the support or supports (12, 13) to form a dihedron (S₁, S₂, S) the edge of which extends opposite the direction (D) along which the object (14) is to be moved, the surface (S) being on a slope which descends relative to the direction of motion (D) of the object (14), and the means (19, 21) being adapted to lift and simultaneously push the objects in order to hold them during motion thereof at a predetermined distance above the support or supports (12, 13).
- A device according to claim 1, for constructing a bridge, characterised in that the objects to be lifted and moved are the components of a bridge floor (14), the temporary supports (12, 13) being formed on bridge piers (1) for supporting the components of the floor (14).
- A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the means for lifting and moving the floor components comprise a bottom plate (15) secured to a surface (16) formed on a pier (1), a top plate (18) slidably mounted on the fixed bottom plate (15), a first jack (19) secured at right angles to the movable top plate (18) and having a movable head (20) adapted to come into contact with the floor component (14) resting on one or more supports (12, 13) in order to raise it, and at least one second jack (21) having one end fixed and its other end secured to the movable plate (18) in order to move it with respect to the fixed plate (15).
- A device according to claim 3, characterised in that a layer (23) of material having a low coefficient of friction is interposed between the two plates (15, 18).
- A device according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that it comprises means (25, 26) for monitoring the operating pressure of each of the two jacks (19, 21) and pick-ups (27, 28) for measuring the movements of the floor component (14) and operating the jacks (19, 21).
- A method of operative the device according to claim 3 or 4 for raising and moving the floor components of a bridge (14) on pre-installed piers (1) thereof, characterised in that it comprises the following stages:a) the first jack (19) is actuated so as to raise a floor component (14),b) the second jack (21) is actuated so as to slide the movable plate (18) with respect to the fixed plate (15), andc) the first jack (19) and then the second jack (21) are retracted and the aforementioned operations are repeated in the order a), b) and c) until the floor component (15) reaches the desired final position.
- A method according to claim 6, characterised in that in a first step, the first jack (19) is pressurised up to a certain pressure insufficient to raise the floor component (15), then the second jack (21) is pressurised up to a certain pressure insufficient to move the movable plate (18) bearing the first jack, then the pressure of the first jack (19) is increased to raise the floor component (14) and then the pressure of the second jack (21) is increased to move the floor component (14).
- A method according to claim 7, characterised in that when the floor component (14) is moved, the first jack (19) is actuated so as to hold the floor component (14) at a certain predetermined distance above the supports (12, 13).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90402827T ATE87684T1 (en) | 1989-10-11 | 1990-10-10 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LIFTING AND MOVING OBJECTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8913269 | 1989-10-11 | ||
FR8913269A FR2652836B1 (en) | 1989-10-11 | 1989-10-11 | DEVICE FOR LIFTING AND MOVING OBJECTS AND METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0423029A1 EP0423029A1 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
EP0423029B1 true EP0423029B1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
Family
ID=9386279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90402827A Expired - Lifetime EP0423029B1 (en) | 1989-10-11 | 1990-10-10 | Device and method for lifting and moving objects |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0423029B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE87684T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69001231T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2652836B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5566414A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1996-10-22 | Matsuo Engineering Co., Ltd. | Bridge raising/supporting method and bearing device for the method |
US5920938A (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-07-13 | Elcock; Stanley E. | Method for rejuvenating bridge hinges |
FR2969993B1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2014-01-03 | Edouard Andre Georges Duminil | MODULAR PATIN |
IT201700053686A1 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-11-18 | Cimolai S P A | MACHINE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE LAUNCH OF A HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE, LIKE THE BRANCH OF A BRIDGE, A VIADUCT, A CAVALCAVIA, OR SIMILAR ITEMS |
CN110158472B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-12-21 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Modular multifunctional walking type pushing equipment |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1548897A (en) * | 1924-01-07 | 1925-08-11 | Lewis Invisible Stitch Machine | Quick-adjusting plunger mechanism for blindstitch sewing machines |
DE1905997C3 (en) * | 1969-02-07 | 1978-06-15 | Eberspaecher Gmbh, 7312 Kirchheim | Hydraulic shifting device for components |
US3570207A (en) * | 1969-07-10 | 1971-03-16 | Pierre Launay | Method of advancing bridging structures made from prestressed concrete |
GB1548897A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1979-07-18 | Redpath Dorman Long Ltd | Movement of bridge spans or the like |
FR2616459B1 (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1991-06-21 | Bouygues Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MOVING A BRIDGE OR OTHER WORK BY PUSHING, IN ORDER TO PLACE IT ON SUPPORTS |
-
1989
- 1989-10-11 FR FR8913269A patent/FR2652836B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-10-10 DE DE9090402827T patent/DE69001231T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-10 AT AT90402827T patent/ATE87684T1/en active
- 1990-10-10 EP EP90402827A patent/EP0423029B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0423029A1 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
DE69001231D1 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
DE69001231T2 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
ATE87684T1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
FR2652836B1 (en) | 1992-12-18 |
FR2652836A1 (en) | 1991-04-12 |
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