EP0409841A1 - Systeme de commutation - Google Patents
Systeme de commutationInfo
- Publication number
- EP0409841A1 EP0409841A1 EP19890902390 EP89902390A EP0409841A1 EP 0409841 A1 EP0409841 A1 EP 0409841A1 EP 19890902390 EP19890902390 EP 19890902390 EP 89902390 A EP89902390 A EP 89902390A EP 0409841 A1 EP0409841 A1 EP 0409841A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- module
- bus
- modules
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/50—Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is physically permanent during the communication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switching system comprising switching members, modules and buses, which modules are physical units formed by one or several elements interconnected by means of buses and switching members.
- a bus means simply a number of exterior channels for connecting the elements to each other.
- the term 'element' means processors, storages, linkage gates, channels and other similar members or devices, of the same type and/or of several different types, that can be switched together at least in pairs.
- the said elements are connected to for instance multiprocessor systems, where they can be interconnected in a wide range of fairly different combinations.
- the connectable elements can in principle be electric, optical, acoustic etc. in operation.
- a versatile multiprocessor computer system should include facilities to form all possible switching combinations in between all of the employed elements. This requirement can be somewhat softened because many of the elements are alike.
- the realization of a versatile switching system in one step is extremely difficult with a large number of elements to be connected.
- the switching system forms the most extensive and also the most expensive part of the whole system.
- a switching system can also be realized as a hierarchical system including several switching steps.
- the object of the present invention is to realize a new switching system based on a hierarchical system. This is achieved by means of the characteristic novel features of the invention which are specified in the appended patent claims.
- the switching system is composed of switching members, modules and buses, which modules are physical units formed by one or several elements, and are interconnected through buses and switching members.
- the invention is characterized in that the switching members are controllable switches and that they are arranged in switch groups and controlled by means of at least one control unit, and that in connection with each module there are arranged at least two switch groups, the first whereof is connected in between the module and the bus, and by intermediation thereof the desired linkage channels of the module are connected to the bus, which bus connects the modules to each other, and the second switch group is connected to the bus and thereby the bus channels are divided so that the said first switch groups and modules are interconnected via the bus.
- the module generally contains several separate elements, it is advantageous that in connection with each module there is also arranged a third switch group, which is connected to the linkage channels of the module and whereby internal switchings of the module are carried out by connecting linkage channels to each other, and whereby the desired linkage channels are connected to the first switch group and therethrough to other modules.
- a third switch group which is connected to the linkage channels of the module and whereby internal switchings of the module are carried out by connecting linkage channels to each other, and whereby the desired linkage channels are connected to the first switch group and therethrough to other modules.
- the switch groups are formed of switch matrices.
- the advantage of a switch matrix is that in between its input and output poles, arbitrary switchings can be formed.
- the channels to be switched are duplex, so that the input and output poles are alike and thus interchangeable.
- different variations of the switch matrices can be used - for instance a switch vector, a triangle switch matrix etc.
- the switch groups, or at least part thereof can be formed so that their dimension is smaller than the number of the linkage channels in the module. The number of the input and output poles of the switch groups can thus be reduced.
- At least two of the said switch groups can be connected to form one common switch group.
- a switch group can be realized for example as a switch matrix, so that the number of required exterior input and output poles can be remarkably decreased.
- the areas of the common switch matrix can be grouped in a desired fashion. The demand for exterior linkage poles is relatively small, because most of the switchings take place within the switch group.
- figure 1 illustrates a module with 16 exterior linkage channels
- figure 2A illustrates a switch matrix and its control unit, and figure 2B illustrates the symbol used thereof
- figure 3 illustrates a switch vector
- figure 4 illustrates a switching system provided with a linear bus
- figure 5 illustrates the combining of switch groups Si and S3 into one common switch group
- figure 6 illustrates the combining of switch groups S1 and S2 into one common switch group
- figure 7 illustrates the combining of all of the switch groups into one common switch matrix
- figure 8 is a schematical illustration of a combined switch matrix
- figure 9 illustrates a switching system with a two-dimensional bus
- figure 10 illustrates another switching system, also with a two-dimensional bus.
- the switching system of the present invention is based on a hierarchical principle.
- the elements to be switched are arranged into suitable groups, i.e. physical units, which are below called modules.
- Figure 1 is a schematical illustration of module M, which contains 16 exterior linkage channels.
- the modules are mutually alike and contain an equal number of elements. However, it is pointed out that the modules can differ from each other and/or contain varying numbers of elements.
- each module contains one or several linkage channels.
- the channels can be duplex or simplex or both; this is taken into account only in the switch control rules.
- a channel means for instance a galvanic, optical or other such bus for transmitting information.
- the linkage channels may include one or several physical buses operated on the basis of serial or parallel transmission. Either all or part of the module signals are introduced into the module from outside. In the latter case, a number of permanent switchings has been carried out beforehand inside the module.
- switch groups are utilized.
- the switchings are formed at least in between elements located in separate modules, but often also between elements inside one and the same module.
- the switch groups By means of the switch groups, there are formed the desired switchings between the input and output channels of the module.
- the switch groups are composed of a number of controllable switching members, wherethrough signals can be transmitted when the switch is on, and the transmission of signals can be prevented when the switch is off.
- the modes (on/off) of the switching members are set and supervised.
- FIG. 2A shows a schematical illustration of a switch matrix, 4 ⁇ 4 in dimension, and figure 2B shows the drawing symbol used thereof.
- Four input poles t are connected, by intermediation of the switching members k, to the output poles 1.
- the switching members k, t ⁇ 1 in number, which are placed at the crossing points of the matrix, are controlled by means of the control unit 0.
- the blackened triangle in the drawing signifies a switch which is switched on.
- the switch matrix the switchings can be formed freely between the input and output poles of the matrix.
- the channels to be switched are duplex, so that the input and output poles are alike and thus interchangeable.
- Naturally switch groups realized in some other fashion can be considered, among others various types of multiphase switches.
- the control units 0 of the local switch groups can also be switched together in order to provide for global control.
- the modules to be switched together are connected by means of a bus. It is important that the use of the bus is optimized in between local switchings and switchings with a larger range. This is achieved by controlling the use of the bus by means of a suitable switch group, as is apparent from the description below.
- Figure 4 illustrates a switching system according to the invention, where the modules M are switched together by means of a linear bus V.
- S1 By means of the switch group S1, there are chosen those channels of the module M wherethrough communication is maintained to the bus V.
- the switch group S2 is used for commanding the bus, and thereby the bus channels are divided into sections of various lengths according to how far is located the module, either one or several, to be switched to the channel in question.
- the second switch group S2 is advantageously composed of switch vectors which are schematically illustrated in figure 3.
- the input poles t1, t2, ..., tn are connected to the output poles 11, 12, ..., In by means of the switches k1, k2, ..., kn.
- the switches are controlled by the control unit 02.
- each switch element k1, k2, ..., kn each of the channels 1, 2, ..., n of the bus V can be switched off at the swich in question.
- the switch group S3 is employed for carrying out the internal switchings in the module.
- the third switch group is not necessary in all cases, if the module M is so simple in construction that internal switchings become unnecessary, or if the internal switchings are realized in a permanent fashion.
- the switch groups S1, S2 and S3 are each provided either with their own control units 01, 02 and 03 (not illustrated in the drawing) respectively, or with a common local control unit.
- the switch group S3 can be realized as a triangle switch matrix, which is thus devoid of half of the matrix switches and the diagonal elements. This is possible because the switchings are unorganized pairs.
- the dimension of the switch group S3 can be realized in a smaller scale than the total number of the input and output channels of the module.
- the dimension of the switch group can be for instance half of the said number. This dimension arrangement is possible if, when allocating the functions for the modules, care is taken of the fact that the connecting channels of the locally switched modules must fall on different sides of the switch group.
- the functions of the switch groups S1 and S3 can be connected. This is carried out by combining the two switch groups to one common switch group.
- Figure 5 shows how these switch groups are connected to the same switch matrix.
- the dimension of the switch matrix can be equal to the number of the connecting channels n in the module M.
- switch groups of other sizes can also be used.
- the ratio between local and global switch groups can be other than the suggested n/2.
- S2 can also be realized as a switch matrix as is illustrated in figure 5. Then, it is true, more switches are needed, but the procedure may be advantageous when combining the functions of the switch groups.
- switch groups S1 and S2 can be combined. Thus the said switch groups are combined to one common switch group.
- Figure 6 is a schematical illustration of how these switch groups are connected to the same switch matrix.
- FIG. 7 is a schematical illustration of how all of these switch groups are connected to the same switch matrix. In that case the dimension of the switch matrix must be large enough.
- switch matrix is illustrated in figure 8.
- the linkage poles of the module are connected to the poles ml of the switch matrix, the bus V is connected to the input poles vs of the bus, and to the output poles vu of the bus.
- the switch matrix is divided into sections where the local switchings are carried out in the area 1, the global choice of channels in the area 2, and the extension or separation of the bus channels in the area 3.
- the said switch matrix must be realized as a so-called generalized structure: it is legal to activate several switch members in the same row or column.
- the sections 1, 2 and 3 of the switch matrix can be chosen to be suitable in size to the particular application.
- These sections of the matrix can be grouped in various different ways, only one possibility of which is presented in the said drawing.
- a more complete combined matrix is illustrated in figure 7, where the global signal can be chosen from both of the bus connectors. It is particularly pointed out that the combined matrix switchings do not have to be complete, i.e. it is not absolutely necessary to have a switch at each crossing point, but, depending on the application in question, the switches can be placed in a triangle matrix or even in a diagonal only.
- a remarkable advantage of the combined switch group is that the number of required exterior channel connectors is relatively low, because most of the switchings can be carried out within the switch matrix.
- the switching system of the present invention is illustrated with reference to a linear bus.
- One example of how the switching system is applied to a two-dimensional bus is illustrated in figure 9.
- the switch groups S connected to the modules M which for the sake of simplicity are presented as one single block, perform the switching and isolation of the channels in between the modules with respect to the buses V1a, V16 and V2a, V2b, V2c with both X and Y directions.
- Figure 10 illustrates how the switching system of the invention is modified to fit in another two- dimensional bus.
- the switch group S2 at each channel there can be carried out any of the following procedures: the channel can be directly connected in the direction of the X or the Y coordinate, the channel can be turned from direction X to direction Y or vice versa, or the channel can be cut off.
- the modules M chosen on the basis of the switch group SI can be connected, through desired linkage channels, to the bus V1.
- the switch groups S1, S2 can be realized in similar fashion as in the case of a linear bus: by means of matrix, vector or multistage switches, and/or combinations thereof.
- Various irregular switch types can also be considered. A particularly practical solution in this case, too, is to apply the combined switch matrix of figure 7 or 8, for instance.
- the switching system of the present invention can be analogically applied to switching three-dimensional modules and/or to be used in connection wi1h three-dimensional bus structures. Switchings with even more dimensions are also possible, but this does not bring about any additional advantages as for the physical realization of for instance multiprocessors.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)
- Multi Processors (AREA)
Abstract
On a mis au point un système de commutation composé d'éléments de commutation, de modules et de bus, lesquels modules sont des unités physiques formées par un ou plusieurs éléments, et sont interconnectés au moyen de bus et d'éléments de commutation. Les éléments de commutation sont des commutateurs que l'on peut commander, et agencer dans des groupes de commutateurs (S). Ils sont commandés au moyen d'au moins une unité de commande. En connexion avec chaque module (M) sont agencés au moins deux, avantageusement trois groupes de commutateurs (S1, S2, S3), le premier (S1) étant connecté entre le module (M) et le bus (V), et par l'intermédiaire de ce groupe de commutateurs les canaux de liaisons voulus du module sont connectés au bus reliant les modules les uns aux autres. Le second groupe de commutateurs (S2) est connecté au bus (V), les canaux des bus étant ainsi divisés, de sorte que lesdits premiers groupes de commutateurs (S1) et les modules (M) sont interconnectés via le bus. Le troisième groupe de commutateurs (S3) possible est connecté aux canaux de liaisons du module (M), les commutations internes du module étant ainsi exécutées, et les canaux de liaisons voulus connectés au premier groupe de commutateurs (S1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI880754 | 1988-02-17 | ||
FI880754A FI84114C (fi) | 1988-02-17 | 1988-02-17 | Inkopplingssystem. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0409841A1 true EP0409841A1 (fr) | 1991-01-30 |
Family
ID=8525935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19890902390 Withdrawn EP0409841A1 (fr) | 1988-02-17 | 1989-02-15 | Systeme de commutation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0409841A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH03502842A (fr) |
FI (1) | FI84114C (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1989007797A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4667392A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1987-05-26 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Solid-state image sensor manufacturing process |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2546202A1 (de) * | 1975-10-15 | 1977-04-28 | Siemens Ag | Rechnersystem aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen und zusammenwirkenden einzelrechnern und verfahren zum betrieb des rechnersystems |
DE2742035A1 (de) * | 1977-09-19 | 1979-03-29 | Siemens Ag | Rechnersystem |
US4488151A (en) * | 1981-12-10 | 1984-12-11 | Burroughs Corporation | Arbiter switch for a concurrent network of processors |
US4470114A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1984-09-04 | Burroughs Corporation | High speed interconnection network for a cluster of processors |
DE3215080A1 (de) * | 1982-04-22 | 1983-10-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Anordnung zur kopplung von digitalen verarbeitungseinheiten |
US4482996A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1984-11-13 | Burroughs Corporation | Five port module as a node in an asynchronous speed independent network of concurrent processors |
DE3338341A1 (de) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-05-09 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Mehrfachbusanordnung fuer die verbindung von prozessoren und speichern in einem mehrprozessorsystem |
-
1988
- 1988-02-17 FI FI880754A patent/FI84114C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-02-15 EP EP19890902390 patent/EP0409841A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-02-15 JP JP50219389A patent/JPH03502842A/ja active Pending
- 1989-02-15 WO PCT/FI1989/000027 patent/WO1989007797A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8907797A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4667392A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1987-05-26 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Solid-state image sensor manufacturing process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI84114B (fi) | 1991-06-28 |
FI84114C (fi) | 1991-10-10 |
JPH03502842A (ja) | 1991-06-27 |
FI880754A0 (fi) | 1988-02-17 |
WO1989007797A1 (fr) | 1989-08-24 |
FI880754A (fi) | 1989-08-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900816 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19910725 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19920922 |