EP0383684B1 - Depilation apparatus - Google Patents

Depilation apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0383684B1
EP0383684B1 EP90400403A EP90400403A EP0383684B1 EP 0383684 B1 EP0383684 B1 EP 0383684B1 EP 90400403 A EP90400403 A EP 90400403A EP 90400403 A EP90400403 A EP 90400403A EP 0383684 B1 EP0383684 B1 EP 0383684B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blades
edges
movable support
pincer
appliance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90400403A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0383684A1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Demeester
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Braun GmbH
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Braun GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to AT9090400403T priority Critical patent/ATE105469T1/en
Publication of EP0383684A1 publication Critical patent/EP0383684A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D26/00—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers
    • A45D26/0042—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers with flexible members provided with slits opening and closing during use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D26/00—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers
    • A45D26/0057—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers with multiple elements having a translatory movement parallel to the skin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to small depilatory devices capable of being held in the hand in order to remove excess hair.
  • the invention relates to depilators of the type comprising pinching jaws serving to pluck hairs from human skin and being constituted by a series of pinching blades placed one next to the other with their edges arranged in parallel. , to form, in groups of two, a plurality of gripping and tearing pliers, these blades being, on the one hand, mounted on a movable support animated by an alternative movement of translation and, on the other hand, coupled with one or more actuating bars which are capable of successively controlling, during this translational movement, the spacing and the tightening of the edges of two neighboring blades forming a clamp.
  • this device For pulling out the hairs to be eliminated, this device comprises a set of two gripping jaws each driven in a translational movement along a closed loop path, partially traversed in directions opposite to those of the other jaw (position d opening of the jaws) and partially in the same direction as and parallel to this other jaw (clamping position), movement carried out in a plane parallel to the facing edges of these jaws actuated by control means so as to successively cause them to separate and tightening them during their movements in closed loops.
  • This device is completed by a protective grid placed above the two clamping jaws.
  • This grid has a series of slots which extend perpendicular to the clamping plane of the two jaws.
  • this grid has in its middle a rib which extends opposite this same clamping plane.
  • EP 0 287 976 discloses a depilatory device of a similar type in which the pinching jaws are constituted by a series of blades placed side by side with their edges arranged parallel, to form, in groups two, a plurality of gripping and tearing pliers, these blades being, on the one hand, mounted on a movable support animated by an alternating translational movement perpendicular to the edges thereof and to human skin, and , on the other hand, coupled with actuation bars which are capable of successively causing the spacing and tightening of the edges of two adjacent blades forming a clamp, under the action of pressure members and these bars acting in traction parallel to the direction of alternative movement of said mobile support.
  • This known device certainly includes a plurality of pairs of pinching blades improving the efficiency and effectiveness of hair removal from human skin.
  • the cyclical movements of approach and separation of the nip blades relative to the surface of the skin do not allow permanent contact with the latter.
  • the controls of the pinch blades must be rigorously synchronized with those of the movable support of said blades to bring them closer to the skin in the open position, close them in contact with the skin, keep them closed while they move away from the skin and pluck the grabbed hairs and to open them at a sufficient distance from the skin, distance greater than the length of the hair roots and finally to start the same cycle of movements again.
  • the known device requires a large movements.
  • the known apparatus requires a large number of elements whose interactions must be perfectly orchestrated.
  • the aim of the present invention is to produce an apparatus which is both improved and simplified of the type in question in which the drawbacks explained above are eliminated, and which is designed so as to be devoid of any protective grid, and to have an increased capacity for pinching the hairs to be pulled out.
  • the device of the type initially mentioned is characterized in that the reciprocating translational movement of the mobile support is more precisely carried out along an axis (X-X '; Z-Z') parallel to the work plane (Y-Y ') of the device as defined by the edges of the pinching blades and in that it comprises control means acting directly or indirectly on the actuating bar or bars under the effect of the translational movement of the mobile support assembly , pinch blades, actuating bars so as to move them in an alternating movement perpendicular to the axis of translation of said movable support.
  • the pinching blades can rest permanently on the skin without pinching it when the blades are closed and the hairs are pulled out completely in a direction parallel to the skin.
  • the permanent contact of the nip blades with the skin has the effect of facilitating the penetration of the hairs between the nip blades and completely eliminating the risk of shearing mentioned above.
  • the pinching blades are pivotally mounted at their feet, that is to say at the place of their edge opposite their clamping edge, and this on the common support of all these blades, the actuating bars being able to cause the pivoting of these blades alternately in one direction and in the other so as to ensure the clamping of the edges of two adjacent blades in order to pinch the hairs engaged between them.
  • the pinching blades are carried by the control bars thereof instead of being simply actuated by the latter.
  • Other embodiments are the subject of claims 2 to 16.
  • Figure 1 is a top plan view of the working head of a hair removal device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a similar view showing a different position of the movable assembly constituted by the clamping blades and their common support.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views respectively along line III-III of Figure 1 and line IV-IV of Figure 2.
  • FIGS. 5 and 5A are elevation views of two complementary blades forming the same lifting pliers.
  • Figure 6 is a side elevational view of these two blades.
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view of two control strips provided for actuation of the nip blades shown in Figures 5 and 5A.
  • Figure 8 is a similar view showing another embodiment of these bars.
  • FIGS. 9 and 9A are views similar to FIGS. 5 and 5A which represent the pinch blades used with the bars shown in FIG. 8.
  • Figure 10 is a view similar to Figures 3 and 4 but which shows another embodiment of the working head of the epilating device according to the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a bottom plan view along the line XI-XI of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view along line XII-XII of Figure 10, but on a different scale.
  • Figure 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of the movable assembly of the working head.
  • Figure 14 is a partial view in view of above this same mobile assembly.
  • the working head of the device shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises a rigid body 1 in the general shape of a bowl which is attached to the end of a small box 2 containing an electric drive motor. This case can be held in the hand to move the working head in contact with the skin.
  • the members for removing the hairs to be removed consist of a series of thin blades, respectively 3a and 3b which are intended to form, in groups of two, a plurality of pulling pliers; one of the pliers thus formed by two neighboring blades 3a and 3b is, moreover, shown in isolation in FIG. 6. These blades are placed one after the other having their clamping edges 4a or 4b arranged in parallel.
  • the transverse branch of this support is disposed against the bottom of the bowl 6 provided in the body 1 of the working head.
  • the lateral branches 7 of this support they are placed against the corresponding walls of this same bowl.
  • the support thus formed has a width less than that of the bowl 6 and it is mounted movable along an axis XX ′ parallel to the edges 4a and 4b of the pinching blades 3a and 3b.
  • This mobile support 5 is driven by an alternative movement of translation in one direction and in the other along this axis (see double arrow F). Its training is ensured by means of appropriate mechanical means which are not shown. To facilitate the movement of this support, balls 8 are advantageously interposed between the latter and the corresponding walls of the bowl 6, these balls being placed in complementary grooves.
  • clamping edges 4a and 4b of the clamping blades 3a and 3b are flush with the plane YY 'on which the edges of the body 1 of the working head are located as well as the edges of the support 5. This is so the work plan of the device.
  • the clamping edges of the pinching blades could possibly be slightly projecting or, on the contrary, slightly recessed with respect to this plane.
  • the clamping blades 3a and 3b are pivotally mounted at their feet, that is to say at the location of their inner edge 9a, 9b opposite their clamping edge 4a and 4b.
  • the edges 9a and 9b of two complementary blades 3a and 3b, which together form a gripper are engaged in the same groove 10 provided in the bottom of the support 5.
  • the latter thus comprises a series of such grooves 10 which extend parallel to the axis XX '. Thanks to this arrangement, the blades 3a and 3b can pivot between an open position shown in FIG. 3 and a closed position illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the pivoting of these blades, alternately in one direction and in the other, is controlled by two actuating bars 11a and 11b. These two bars are placed one against the other and they are engaged together inside openings 12a and 12b made in the different blades 3a and 3b.
  • the arrangement is such that the bar 11a is coupled with all the blades 3a, while the bar 11b is coupled with all the blades 3b.
  • the openings 12a and 12b of the blades 3a and 3b have a different contour to each present alternately a tooth 21a or 21b capable of being engaged in a groove 13a of the bar 11a or a groove 13b of the bar 11b.
  • actuating head 14a or 14b At one end of the two bars, one of them has an actuating head 14a or 14b. This is slidably mounted inside an opening 15a or 15b made in the corresponding side of the mobile support 5. In the normal position, these two heads 14a, 14b slightly protrude outside the lateral branches 7 of this support, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, elastic return means then tending to maintain the nip blades in the open position.
  • the actuating heads 14a and 14b of the two control bars then protrude inside two recesses 16 provided on each side of the body 1 of the working head.
  • control means having a fixed position and which are capable of acting on the actuation heads 14a and 14b of the two bars 11a and 11b to make them slide in the opposite direction according to the arrows F1 and F2.
  • these control means consist of two rollers 17a and 17b, the axes of which are pushed by springs 18 in the direction of the lateral branches 7 of the mobile support 5.
  • the pinch blades can advantageously be made of metal or very rigid plastic. Instead of the two blades of the same clamp being independent of one another, they can be constituted by a single piece folded back on itself in the articulation zone corresponding to the edges 9a and 9b. They can then remain open in the rest state under the simple effect of the elasticity of the part thus formed.
  • the clamping edges 4a, 4b of the clamping blades 3a, 3b may advantageously include a bent portion 19 so as to increase the effectiveness of the clamping.
  • the internal face of this part can be treated so as to have a roughness capable of preventing the hairs from sliding between the pinching blades.
  • the latter To compensate for irregularities in shape of the push bars 11a, 11b and the pinch blades 3a, 3b, the latter must advantageously have a certain elasticity.
  • the mounting of the rollers 17a and 17b on springs 18 makes it possible to compensate for the possible wear of the moving parts.
  • the force of these springs must be equal to the sum of the forces necessary to close each pliers and the pinching forces necessary to trap the hairs to be plucked in these pliers.
  • the efficiency of the present device is considerably increased compared to previous devices of the same type. This is due in the first place to the presence of a multitude of pliers instead of a single set of two jaws. Moreover, the production of each of these pliers by means of two thin blades makes it possible to provide a high number of such pliers for a limited space corresponding to the usual dimensions of the working head of a depilatory appliance. All other things being equal, the efficiency of the device according to the invention is multiplied in the ratio existing between the sum of the lengths of the different pliers existing in this device and the length of the single pliers of the previous devices mentioned above. . However, this ratio can be of the order of 10 for equal dimensions of overall dimensions.
  • FIG. 8 represents an alternative embodiment of the actuating bars of the nipping blades.
  • the two corresponding bars 11c and 11d are nested one inside the other.
  • one has an elongated U-shape and the other is engaged between the two branches of this U.
  • these bars have actuation heads 14c and 14d at both ends.
  • this modification of the actuation bars results in a modification of the openings provided in the nip blades 3c, 3d (Fig. 9, 9A). Indeed in such a case, these openings must affect the shape of the openings 12c and 12d shown in FIGS. 9 and 9A in order to include teeth 21c and 21d able to be hung in the grooves 13c, 13d provided on one and the 'other of the two bars 11c and 11d.
  • the pinch blades 3a and 3b could be so at an intermediate point of their height. Furthermore, instead of being pivotally mounted on the mobile support 5 and only coupled with the actuating bars, these pinching blades could be carried alternately by one and the other of these two bars. In such a case, the tightening and opening of the gripping and tearing pliers would also be obtained by movements in the opposite direction of the complementary blades constituting these. However, these would then be translational movements and no longer pivoting movements. But the end result would be the same.
  • rollers 17a and 17b controlling the closing of the pliers could be replaced by other members able to perform the same role. These members could possibly consist of ramps ensuring the closing of the tear-off pliers over a greater length of the stroke of the mobile assembly formed by the support 5 and by these blades.
  • the longest edges of the body 1 of the working head may have notches 20. But again, many other variants can be provided for the present apparatus.
  • pinch blades could pivot at an intermediate point of their length instead of pivoting at their feet, as provided in FIGS. 1 to 9.
  • their pivoting could be controlled by an actuation carried out at their feet, or in any other appropriate place by sliding bars similar to bars 11a and 11b, or by other suitable control means.
  • the pinching blades may not be pivotable, but be mounted movable in translation along the axis Y-Y ', these blades being alternately movable in one direction and in the opposite direction, so that two neighboring blades successively perform a movement. tightening, then a spreading movement.
  • the blades of each series could be secured to a common support by forming with it a kind of one-piece comb, the two movable combs thus provided being nested one inside the other and driven by alternative movements of translation , in opposite directions to each other.
  • FIGS. 10 to 14 they represent yet another embodiment, in which the pinch jaws are made quite differently. In fact, these are formed by cutting strips cut out from plates of a series of parallel slots in plates 21 made of elastic material.
  • the plates 21 have the form of square or rectangular blocks and are arranged in separate housings 26 provided in the movable support 23, and the bottom of which has a wide opening 26a.
  • the movable support 23 has an elongated shape and it extends over the entire length of the corresponding opening of the housing 27 of the device. As in the embodiment described above, this support is driven in an alternating translational movement, in one direction and in the other, along the axis Z-Z '. Its drive is provided by a movable arm 28 itself actuated by an appropriate mechanism. This mobile support 23 is guided in these movements by balls 29 engaged in guide tracks 30 formed by grooves provided in the corresponding walls of the housing 27.
  • the mechanical means thus provided comprise a transverse bar 31 parallel to the movable support 23 and coupled in translation with the latter.
  • This bar is coupled to each of the elastic plates 21 by means of an actuating bar 32.
  • the ends of this transverse bar 31 protrude beyond the corresponding ends of the movable support 23 and each of them carries a roller 33 engaged in a raceway formed by a groove 34 formed in the corresponding wall of the housing 27.
  • each of these raceways 34 is arranged to constitute a cam capable of controlling the movement of the transverse bar 31 in the direction of the arrow F3 in FIG. 12, that is to say in the direction opposite to the plane of work of the device, and this when the mobile support 23 reaches the middle of its travel during its translation in one direction and in the other.
  • the raceways 34 have a bent shape so as to include, in their middle, a part offset in the direction of arrow F3.
  • the transverse bar 31 is caused to exert traction on the various elastic plates 21 in the direction of the arrow F3.
  • This traction then causes the deformation of each of the plates 21 which is caused to contract thus on itself.
  • This causes the blades 25 to be clamped against each other and consequently to pinch the hairs which are at this time engaged between these blades.
  • the pulling out of these bristles is carried out in the same way as in the previous embodiment, that is to say under the effect of the translational movement of the movable support 23 in one direction and in the other.
  • this variant has the advantage of greater simplicity. This is obviously due to the fact that instead of being constituted by separate blades mounted on a common support, the nip blades are formed in plates of elastic material which simply have parallel slots giving rise to these nip blades arranged side by side with a small gap between them. This therefore results in a very great simplification of the mechanism, and consequently a significant reduction in the cost price.
  • the subject of the invention is not only such a depilatory appliance in its together, but also the working head of this device, this head then being designed to be fitted to the housing of an already existing device comprising a drive motor and a mechanism capable of ensuring the reciprocating translational movement of the mobile support 5 , 23 pinch blades.

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  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Hair Curling (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR90/00104 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 16, 1990 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 16, 1990 PCT Filed Feb. 14, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/09119 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 23, 1990.Appliance for plucking out unwanted hair, comprising a series of thin blades (3a, 3b) placed one behind the other with their edges parallel so as to form, in groups of two, a plurality of gripping and plucking pincers. The blades are mounted on a common support (5) which executes a translational alternating movement along an axis parallel to the edges of the blades. In addition, the blades (3a, 3b) are coupled with two small transverse actuating bars (11a, 11b) which are capable of successively spreading apart and clamping the edges of two neighboring blades (3a, 3b) which constitute the same pincers, by transverse displacement of said bars in one direction and the other. The bars themselves are actuated by control means provided opposite their ends. This appliance is intended to be used to remove hair from the skin.

Description

La présente invention concerne les petits appareils à épiler susceptibles d'être tenus à la main pour procéder à l'élimination des poils superflus.The present invention relates to small depilatory devices capable of being held in the hand in order to remove excess hair.

Plus précisément, l'invention concerne les appareils à épiler du type comportant des mâchoires de pincement servant à arracher des poils de la peau humaine et étant constituées par une série de lames de pincement placées les unes à côté des autres en ayant leurs bords disposés parallèlement, pour former, par groupe de deux, une pluralité de pinces de préhension et d'arrachage, ces lames étant, d'une part, montées sur un support mobile animé d'un mouvement alternatif de translation et, d'autre part, accouplées avec une ou des barrettes d'actionnement qui sont aptes à commander successivement, pendant ce mouvement de translation, l'écartement et le serrage des bords de deux lames voisines formant pince.More specifically, the invention relates to depilators of the type comprising pinching jaws serving to pluck hairs from human skin and being constituted by a series of pinching blades placed one next to the other with their edges arranged in parallel. , to form, in groups of two, a plurality of gripping and tearing pliers, these blades being, on the one hand, mounted on a movable support animated by an alternative movement of translation and, on the other hand, coupled with one or more actuating bars which are capable of successively controlling, during this translational movement, the spacing and the tightening of the edges of two neighboring blades forming a clamp.

Un appareil de ce genre est, par exemple, décrit dans le brevet FR 2.586.538. Pour l'arrachage des poils à éliminer, cet appareil comporte un jeu de deux mâchoires de pincement animées chacune d'un mouvement de translation selon un trajet en boucle fermée, parcouru partiellement en des directions opposées à celles de l'autre mâchoire (position d'ouverture des mâchoires) et partiellement dans la même direction que et parallèlement à cette autre mâchoire (position de serrage), mouvement effectué dans un plan parallèle aux bords en regard de ces mâchoires actionnées par des moyens de commande de façon à provoquer successivement leur écartement et leur serrage au cours de leurs déplacements en boucles fermées. Ainsi, après que les poils à arracher aient pu s'engager entre les deux mâchoires lorsque celles-ci étaient ouvertes, ils se trouvent ensuite pincés par celles-ci lors de leur fermeture, puis arrachés par traction du fait même du mouvement de translation dont sont animées ces mâchoires. Cet appareil est complété par une grille de protection disposée au-dessus des deux mâchoires de pincement. Cette grille comporte une série de fentes qui s'étendent perpendiculairement au plan de serrage des deux mâchoires. De plus, sur sa face interne cette grille présente en son milieu une nervure qui s'étend en regard de ce même plan de serrage.An apparatus of this kind is, for example, described in patent FR 2,586,538. For pulling out the hairs to be eliminated, this device comprises a set of two gripping jaws each driven in a translational movement along a closed loop path, partially traversed in directions opposite to those of the other jaw (position d opening of the jaws) and partially in the same direction as and parallel to this other jaw (clamping position), movement carried out in a plane parallel to the facing edges of these jaws actuated by control means so as to successively cause them to separate and tightening them during their movements in closed loops. Thus, after the hairs to be plucked have been able to engage between the two jaws when the latter were open, they are then pinched by them when they are closed, and then plucked by traction by the very fact of the translational movement of which these jaws are animated. This device is completed by a protective grid placed above the two clamping jaws. This grid has a series of slots which extend perpendicular to the clamping plane of the two jaws. In addition, on its internal face, this grid has in its middle a rib which extends opposite this same clamping plane.

Cet appareil présente une efficacité restreinte, et ce en raison d'un certain nombre de facteurs. Parmi ceux-ci, les plus importants sont les suivants:

  • 1. Tout d'abord l'existence de deux mâchoires de pincement seulement limite considérablement les probabilités de saisir des poils à arracher.
  • 2. En second lieu, la présence d'une grille de protection, dont les fentes sont perpendiculaires à la ligne de serrage des mâchoires, rend encore plus aléatoire la pénétration des poils entre ces dernières. En effet, les poils ont plutôt tendance à être couchés par cette grille contre le dessus des mâchoires.
  • 3. L'existence d'une nervure au milieu de la face interne de la grille de protection a pour conséquence d'accroître encore les risques que les poils se trouvent couchés sur le dessus des mâchoires plutôt que d'être astreints à s'engager entre les bords de celles-ci.
  • 4. De plus, l'épaisseur de cette grille de protection a pour effet que les poils, qui parviennent à être pincés par les mâchoires, ne sont pas saisis au ras de la peau. De ce fait, ils sont cisaillés entre les mâchoires et la grille de sorte qu'ils ont toutes les chances d'être coupés, au lieu d'être arrachés.
This device has limited effectiveness due to a number of factors. Among these, the most important are:
  • 1. First of all, the existence of only two pinch jaws considerably limits the chances of grasping hairs to be plucked.
  • 2. Secondly, the presence of a protective grid, the slots of which are perpendicular to the clamping line of the jaws, makes the penetration of the hairs between the latter even more random. Indeed, the hairs tend to be lying by this grid against the top of the jaws.
  • 3. The existence of a rib in the middle of the internal face of the protective grid has the consequence of further increasing the risks that the hairs are lying on the top of the jaws rather than being compelled to engage between the edges of these.
  • 4. In addition, the thickness of this protective grid has the effect that the hairs, which manage to be pinched by the jaws, are not grasped flush with the skin. As a result, they are sheared between the jaws and the grid so that they are likely to be cut, rather than torn off.

Par le brevet EP 0 287 976 est connu un appareil à épiler d'un type similaire dans lequel les mâchoires de pincement sont constituées par une série de lames placées les unes à côté des autres en ayant leurs bords disposés parallèlement, pour former, par groupe de deux, une pluralité de pinces de préhension et d'arrachage, ces lames étant, d'une part, montées sur un support mobile animé d'un mouvement alternatif de translation perpendiculaire aux bords de celles-ci et à la peau humaine, et, d'autre part, accouplées avec des barrettes d'actionnement qui sont aptes à provoquer successivement l'écartement et le serrage des bords de deux lames voisines formant pince, sous l'action d'organes de pression et de ces barrettes agissant en traction parallèlement au sens de déplacement alternatif dudit support mobile.EP 0 287 976 discloses a depilatory device of a similar type in which the pinching jaws are constituted by a series of blades placed side by side with their edges arranged parallel, to form, in groups two, a plurality of gripping and tearing pliers, these blades being, on the one hand, mounted on a movable support animated by an alternating translational movement perpendicular to the edges thereof and to human skin, and , on the other hand, coupled with actuation bars which are capable of successively causing the spacing and tightening of the edges of two adjacent blades forming a clamp, under the action of pressure members and these bars acting in traction parallel to the direction of alternative movement of said mobile support.

Cet appareil connu comporte certes une pluralité de paires de lames de pincement améliorant le rendement et l'efficacité de l'épilation de la peau humaine. Toutefois les mouvement cycliques d'approche et d'écartement des lames de pincement par rapport à la surface de la peau ne permettent pas de maintenir un contact permanent avec celle-ci. En outre, les commandes des lames de pincement doivent être rigoureusement synchronisées avec celles du support mobile desdites lames pour les rapprocher de la peau en position ouverte, les fermer au contact de la peau, les maintenir fermées pendant qu'elles s'écartent de la peau et arrachent les poils saisis et pour les ouvrir à une distance suffisante de la peau, distance supérieure à la longueur des racines de poil et finalement pour recommencer le même cycle de mouvements. On comprend aisément que l'appareil connu nécessite un grand mouvements. On comprend aisément que l'appareil connu nécessite un grand nombre d'éléments dont les interactions doivent être parfaitement orchestrées.This known device certainly includes a plurality of pairs of pinching blades improving the efficiency and effectiveness of hair removal from human skin. However, the cyclical movements of approach and separation of the nip blades relative to the surface of the skin do not allow permanent contact with the latter. In addition, the controls of the pinch blades must be rigorously synchronized with those of the movable support of said blades to bring them closer to the skin in the open position, close them in contact with the skin, keep them closed while they move away from the skin and pluck the grabbed hairs and to open them at a sufficient distance from the skin, distance greater than the length of the hair roots and finally to start the same cycle of movements again. It is easy to understand that the known device requires a large movements. It is easy to understand that the known apparatus requires a large number of elements whose interactions must be perfectly orchestrated.

C'est pourquoi la présente invention a pour but de réaliser un appareil à la fois perfectionné et simplifié du type en cause dans lequel sont éliminés les inconvénients exposés ci-dessus, et qui est conçu de façon à être dépourvu de toute grille de protection, et à présenter une capacité accrue de pincement des poils à arracher.This is why the aim of the present invention is to produce an apparatus which is both improved and simplified of the type in question in which the drawbacks explained above are eliminated, and which is designed so as to be devoid of any protective grid, and to have an increased capacity for pinching the hairs to be pulled out.

L'appareil du type initialement mentionné est caractérisé en ce que le mouvement alternatif de translation du support mobile est plus précisément effectué selon un axe (X-X'; Z-Z') parallèle au plan de travail (Y-Y') de l'appareil tel que défini par les bords des lames de pincement et en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de commande agissant directement ou indirectement sur la ou les barrettes d'actionnement sous l'effet du déplacement en translation de l'ensemble support mobile, lames de pincement, barrettes d'actionnement de manière à déplacer celles-ci dans un mouvement alternatif perpendiculairement à l'axe de translation dudit support mobile.The device of the type initially mentioned is characterized in that the reciprocating translational movement of the mobile support is more precisely carried out along an axis (X-X '; Z-Z') parallel to the work plane (Y-Y ') of the device as defined by the edges of the pinching blades and in that it comprises control means acting directly or indirectly on the actuating bar or bars under the effect of the translational movement of the mobile support assembly , pinch blades, actuating bars so as to move them in an alternating movement perpendicular to the axis of translation of said movable support.

Grâce à cette conception les lames de pincement peuvent s'appuyer en permanence sur la peau sans pincer celle-ci lors de la fermeture des lames et les poils sont arrachés complètement dans une direction parallèle à la peau.Thanks to this design, the pinching blades can rest permanently on the skin without pinching it when the blades are closed and the hairs are pulled out completely in a direction parallel to the skin.

En outre, le contact permanent des lames de pincement avec la peau a pour effet de faciliter la pénétration des poils entre les lames de pincement et de supprimer complètement le risque de cisaillement mentionné précédemment.In addition, the permanent contact of the nip blades with the skin has the effect of facilitating the penetration of the hairs between the nip blades and completely eliminating the risk of shearing mentioned above.

Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse du présent appareil, les lames de pincement sont montées pivotantes à leur pied, c'est-à-dire à l'endroit de leur bord opposé à leur bord de serrage, et ce sur le support commun de toutes ces lames, les barrettes d'actionnement étant aptes à provoquer le pivotement de ces lames alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre de façon à assurer le serrage des bords de deux lames voisines afin de pincer les poils engagés entre elles.In an advantageous embodiment of the present device, the pinching blades are pivotally mounted at their feet, that is to say at the place of their edge opposite their clamping edge, and this on the common support of all these blades, the actuating bars being able to cause the pivoting of these blades alternately in one direction and in the other so as to ensure the clamping of the edges of two adjacent blades in order to pinch the hairs engaged between them.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation possible de l'appareil selon l'invention, les lames de pincement sont portées par les barrettes de commande de celles-ci au lieu d'être simplement actionnées par ces dernières. D'autres formes de réalisation font l'objet des revendications 2 à 16.In another possible embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the pinching blades are carried by the control bars thereof instead of being simply actuated by the latter. Other embodiments are the subject of claims 2 to 16.

D'autres particularités et avantages du présent appareil apparaîtront aux cours de la description suivante. Celle-ci est donnée en référence aux dessins annexés à simple titre indicatif, et sur lesquels:Other features and advantages of the present device will become apparent from the following description. This is given with reference to the accompanying drawings for information only, and in which:

La figure 1 est une vue en plan de dessus de la tête de travail d'un appareil à épiler selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a top plan view of the working head of a hair removal device according to the invention.

La figure 2 est une vue similaire représentant une position différente de l'équipage mobile constitué par les lames de pincement et leur support commun.Figure 2 is a similar view showing a different position of the movable assembly constituted by the clamping blades and their common support.

Les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe respectivement suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 1 et la ligne IV-IV de la figure 2.Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views respectively along line III-III of Figure 1 and line IV-IV of Figure 2.

Les figures 5 et 5A sont des vues en élévation de deux lames complémentaires formant une même pince d'arrachage.FIGS. 5 and 5A are elevation views of two complementary blades forming the same lifting pliers.

La figure 6 est une vue en élévation de côté de ces deux lames.Figure 6 is a side elevational view of these two blades.

La figure 7 est une vue en plan de dessus de deux barrettes de commande prévues pour l'actionnement des lames de pincement représentées aux figures 5 et 5A.Figure 7 is a top plan view of two control strips provided for actuation of the nip blades shown in Figures 5 and 5A.

La figure 8 est une vue similaire représentant une autre forme de réalisation de ces barrettes.Figure 8 is a similar view showing another embodiment of these bars.

Les figures 9 et 9A sont des vues analogues aux figures 5 et 5A qui représentent les lames de pincement utilisées avec les barrettes représentées à la figure 8.FIGS. 9 and 9A are views similar to FIGS. 5 and 5A which represent the pinch blades used with the bars shown in FIG. 8.

La figure 10 est une vue similaire aux figures 3 et 4 mais qui représente une autre forme de réalisation de la tête de travail de l'appareil à épiler selon l'invention.Figure 10 is a view similar to Figures 3 and 4 but which shows another embodiment of the working head of the epilating device according to the invention.

La figure 11 en est une vue en plan de dessous selon la ligne XI-XI de la figure 10.Figure 11 is a bottom plan view along the line XI-XI of Figure 10.

La figure 12 est une vue en coupe transversale selon la ligne XII-XII de la figure 10, mais à échelle différente.Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view along line XII-XII of Figure 10, but on a different scale.

La figure 13 est une vue partielle en coupe transversale de l'ensemble mobile de la tête de travail.Figure 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of the movable assembly of the working head.

La figure 14 est une vue partielle en vue de dessus de ce même ensemble mobile.Figure 14 is a partial view in view of above this same mobile assembly.

La tête de travail de l'appareil représenté à titre d'exemple sur les figures 1 à 4 comporte un corps rigide 1 en forme générale de cuvette qui est rapporté en bout d'un petit boîtier 2 contenant un moteur électrique d'entraînement. Ce boîtier est susceptible d'être tenu à la main pour déplacer la tête de travail au contact de la peau.The working head of the device shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises a rigid body 1 in the general shape of a bowl which is attached to the end of a small box 2 containing an electric drive motor. This case can be held in the hand to move the working head in contact with the skin.

Les organes d'arrachage des poils à éliminer consistent en une série de lames minces, respectivement 3a et 3b qui sont destinées à former, par groupe de deux, une pluralité de pinces d'arrachage; l'une des pinces ainsi constituées par deux lames voisines 3a et 3b est du reste représentée isolément sur la figure 6. Ces lames sont placées les unes à la suite des autres en ayant leurs bords de serrage 4a ou 4b disposés parallèlement.The members for removing the hairs to be removed consist of a series of thin blades, respectively 3a and 3b which are intended to form, in groups of two, a plurality of pulling pliers; one of the pliers thus formed by two neighboring blades 3a and 3b is, moreover, shown in isolation in FIG. 6. These blades are placed one after the other having their clamping edges 4a or 4b arranged in parallel.

Ces différentes lames sont montées sur un support commun 5 dont la section affecte la forme d'un U. La branche transversale de ce support est disposée contre le fond de la cuvette 6 prévu dans le corps 1 de la tête de travail. Quant aux branches latérales 7 de ce support, elles sont placées contre les parois correspondantes de cette même cuvette. Le support ainsi constitué présente une largeur inférieure à celle de la cuvette 6 et il est monté mobile selon un axe X-X' parallèle aux bords 4a et 4b des lames de pincement 3a et 3b.These different blades are mounted on a common support 5, the section of which takes the shape of a U. The transverse branch of this support is disposed against the bottom of the bowl 6 provided in the body 1 of the working head. As for the lateral branches 7 of this support, they are placed against the corresponding walls of this same bowl. The support thus formed has a width less than that of the bowl 6 and it is mounted movable along an axis XX ′ parallel to the edges 4a and 4b of the pinching blades 3a and 3b.

Ce support mobile 5 est animé d'un mouvement alternatif de translation dans un sens et dans l'autre selon cet axe (voir double flèche F). Son entraînement est assuré par l'intermédiaire de moyens mécaniques appropriés qui ne sont pas représentés. Pour faciliter le déplacement de ce support, des billes 8 sont avantageusement interposées entre celui-ci et les parois correspondantes de la cuvette 6, ces billes étant placées dans des rainures complémentaires.This mobile support 5 is driven by an alternative movement of translation in one direction and in the other along this axis (see double arrow F). Its training is ensured by means of appropriate mechanical means which are not shown. To facilitate the movement of this support, balls 8 are advantageously interposed between the latter and the corresponding walls of the bowl 6, these balls being placed in complementary grooves.

Il convient de noter que les bords de serrage 4a et 4b des lames de pincement 3a et 3b affleurent le plan Y-Y' sur lequel se trouvent les bords du corps 1 de la tête de travail ainsi que les bords du support 5. Il s'agit donc du plan de travail de l'appareil. Cependant les bords de serrage des lames de pincement pourraient éventuellement être légèrement en saillie ou au contraire légèrement en retrait par rapport à ce plan.It should be noted that the clamping edges 4a and 4b of the clamping blades 3a and 3b are flush with the plane YY 'on which the edges of the body 1 of the working head are located as well as the edges of the support 5. This is so the work plan of the device. However, the clamping edges of the pinching blades could possibly be slightly projecting or, on the contrary, slightly recessed with respect to this plane.

Dans l'exemple représenté, les lames de pincement 3a et 3b sont montées pivotantes à leur pied, c'est-à-dire à l'endroit de leur bord intérieur 9a, 9b opposé à leur bord de serrage 4a et 4b. A cet effet, les bords 9a et 9b de deux lames complémentaires 3a et 3b, qui forment ensemble une pince de préhension, sont engagés dans une même rainure 10 prévue dans le fond du support 5. Celui-ci comporte ainsi une série de telles rainures 10 qui s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe X-X'. Grâce à cet agencement, les lames 3a et 3b peuvent pivoter entre une position d'ouverture représentée à la figure 3 et une position de fermeture illustrée à la figure 4.In the example shown, the clamping blades 3a and 3b are pivotally mounted at their feet, that is to say at the location of their inner edge 9a, 9b opposite their clamping edge 4a and 4b. To this end, the edges 9a and 9b of two complementary blades 3a and 3b, which together form a gripper, are engaged in the same groove 10 provided in the bottom of the support 5. The latter thus comprises a series of such grooves 10 which extend parallel to the axis XX '. Thanks to this arrangement, the blades 3a and 3b can pivot between an open position shown in FIG. 3 and a closed position illustrated in FIG. 4.

Le pivotement de ces lames, alternativement dans un sens et dans l'autre, est commandé par deux barrettes d'actionnement 11a et 11b. Ces deux barrettes sont placées l'une contre l'autre et elles sont engagées ensemble à l'intérieur d'ouvertures 12a et 12b pratiquées dans les différentes lames 3a et 3b. L'agencement est tel que la barrette 11a est accouplée avec toutes les lames 3a cependant que la barrette 11b l'est avec tous les lames 3b. A cet effet, les ouvertures 12a et 12b des lames 3a et 3b ont un contour différent pour présenter chacune alternativement une dent 21a ou 21b susceptible d'être engagée dans une rainure 13a de la barrette 11a ou une rainure 13b de la barrette 11b.The pivoting of these blades, alternately in one direction and in the other, is controlled by two actuating bars 11a and 11b. These two bars are placed one against the other and they are engaged together inside openings 12a and 12b made in the different blades 3a and 3b. The arrangement is such that the bar 11a is coupled with all the blades 3a, while the bar 11b is coupled with all the blades 3b. To this end, the openings 12a and 12b of the blades 3a and 3b have a different contour to each present alternately a tooth 21a or 21b capable of being engaged in a groove 13a of the bar 11a or a groove 13b of the bar 11b.

A l'une des extrémités des deux barrettes, l'une d'entre elles comporte une tête d'actionnement 14a ou 14b. Celle-ci est montée coulissante à l'intérieur d'une ouverture 15a ou 15b pratiquée dans le côté correspondant du support mobile 5. En position normale, ces deux têtes 14a, 14b font légèrement saillie en dehors des branches latérales 7 de ce support, comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, des moyens élastiques de rappel tendant alors à maintenir les lames de pincement en position d'ouverture. Les têtes d'actionnement 14a et 14b des deux barrettes de commande font alors saillie à l'intérieur de deux dégagements 16 prévus sur chaque côté du corps 1 de la tête de travail.At one end of the two bars, one of them has an actuating head 14a or 14b. This is slidably mounted inside an opening 15a or 15b made in the corresponding side of the mobile support 5. In the normal position, these two heads 14a, 14b slightly protrude outside the lateral branches 7 of this support, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, elastic return means then tending to maintain the nip blades in the open position. The actuating heads 14a and 14b of the two control bars then protrude inside two recesses 16 provided on each side of the body 1 of the working head.

Cependant en un point intermédiaire de la course de l'équipage mobile constitué par le support 5 et les lames de pincement 3a, 3b, il est prévu des moyens de commande ayant une position fixe et qui sont aptes à agir sur les têtes d'actionnement 14a et 14b des deux barrettes 11a et 11b pour les faire coulisser en sens inverse selon les flèches F1 et F2. Dans l'exemple représenté, ces moyens de commande consistent en deux galets 17a et 17b dont les axes sont poussés par des ressorts 18 en direction des branches laterales 7 du support mobile 5. Ainsi, lorsqu'au cours du mouvement de translation du support mobile 5 dans un sens et dans l'autre, les têtes d'actionnement 14a et 14b des barrettes 11a et 11b viennent en regard de ces galets 17a et 17b, ceux-ci repoussent ces barrettes selon les flèches F1 et F2. Ceci provoque alors le pincement des différentes lames complémentaires 3a et 3b qui forment autant de pinces de serrage.However, at an intermediate point in the travel of the mobile assembly constituted by the support 5 and the nip blades 3a, 3b, there are provided control means having a fixed position and which are capable of acting on the actuation heads 14a and 14b of the two bars 11a and 11b to make them slide in the opposite direction according to the arrows F1 and F2. In the example shown, these control means consist of two rollers 17a and 17b, the axes of which are pushed by springs 18 in the direction of the lateral branches 7 of the mobile support 5. Thus, when during the translational movement of the mobile support 5 in one direction and in the other, the actuating heads 14a and 14b of the bars 11a and 11b come opposite these rollers 17a and 17b, these push these bars back according to the arrows F1 and F2. This then causes the different complementary blades 3a and 3b to be pinched, which form as many clamps.

Dans ces conditions, les poils qui se trouvaient précédemment engagés entre deux lames complémentaires 3a et 3b se trouvent pincés par les bords de serrage de celles-ci. Puis ces poils sont arrachés du fait même du mouvement de translation dont est animé l'équipage mobile formé par le support 5 et les lames de pincement. Ensuite ces lames s'ouvrent à nouveau pour permettre l'engagement d'autres poils entre elles afin que ces derniers soient eux-mêmes pincés et arrachés lors du mouvement ultérieur de fermeture et de translation de ces lames, et ainsi de suite.Under these conditions, the bristles which were previously engaged between two complementary blades 3a and 3b are pinched by the clamping edges thereof. Then these hairs are torn off by the very fact of the translational movement which animates the movable assembly formed by the support 5 and the pinching blades. Then these blades open again to allow the engagement of other hairs between them so that these are themselves pinched and torn off during the subsequent movement of closing and translating these blades, and so on.

Les lames de pincement peuvent avantageusement être réalisées en métal ou en matière plastique très rigide. Au lieu que les deux lames d'une même pince soient indépendantes l'une de l'autre, elles peuvent être constituées par une seule pièce repliée sur elle-même dans la zone d'articulation correspondant aux bords 9a et 9b. Elles peuvent alors rester ouvertes à l'état de repos sous le simple effet de l'élasticité de la pièce ainsi constituée.The pinch blades can advantageously be made of metal or very rigid plastic. Instead of the two blades of the same clamp being independent of one another, they can be constituted by a single piece folded back on itself in the articulation zone corresponding to the edges 9a and 9b. They can then remain open in the rest state under the simple effect of the elasticity of the part thus formed.

Les bords de serrage 4a, 4b des lames de pincement 3a, 3b peuvent avantageusement comporter une partie coudée 19 de façon à accroître l'efficacité du pincement. De préférence, la face interne de cette partie peut être traitée de façon à présenter une rugosité apte à éviter le glissement des poils entre les lames de pincement.The clamping edges 4a, 4b of the clamping blades 3a, 3b may advantageously include a bent portion 19 so as to increase the effectiveness of the clamping. Preferably, the internal face of this part can be treated so as to have a roughness capable of preventing the hairs from sliding between the pinching blades.

Pour compenser les irrégularités de forme des barrettes de poussée 11a, 11b et des lames de pincement 3a, 3b, ces dernières doivent avantageusement posséder une certaine élasticité. Le montage des galets 17a et 17b sur des ressorts 18 permet de compenser l'usure éventuelle des pièces en mouvement. Bien entendu la force de ces ressorts doit être égale à la somme des forces nécessaires pour fermer chaque pince d'arrachage et des forces de pincement nécessaires pour emprisonner les poils à arracher dans ces pinces.To compensate for irregularities in shape of the push bars 11a, 11b and the pinch blades 3a, 3b, the latter must advantageously have a certain elasticity. The mounting of the rollers 17a and 17b on springs 18 makes it possible to compensate for the possible wear of the moving parts. Of course, the force of these springs must be equal to the sum of the forces necessary to close each pliers and the pinching forces necessary to trap the hairs to be plucked in these pliers.

Pour utiliser l'appareil, il suffit de déplacer sa tête de travail au contact de la peau. Les poils à éliminer s'engagent alors tout naturellement entre les lames de pincement lorsque celles-ci sont en position ouverte. Ils se trouvent ensuite pincés puis arrachés comme il a été décrit précédemment. L'amplitude du mouvement alternatif imprimé à l'équipage mobile, constitué par le support 5 et les lames de pincement 3a, 3b, doit être suffisamment important pour obtenir un arrachement complet des poils.To use the device, simply move your working head in contact with the skin. The hairs to be removed then naturally engage between the nipping blades when the latter are in the open position. They are then pinched and torn off as described above. The amplitude of the reciprocating movement imparted to the mobile assembly, constituted by the support 5 and the pinching blades 3a, 3b, must be large enough to obtain complete removal of hair.

Ainsi qu'il a déjà été indiqué, l'efficacité du présent appareil est considérablement accru par rapport aux appareils antérieurs du même type. Ceci est dû en premier lieu à la présence d'une multitude de pinces d'arrachage au lieu d'un seul jeu de deux mâchoires. Du reste, la réalisation de chacune de ces pinces au moyen de deux lames minces permet de prévoir un nombre élevé de telles pinces pour un encombrement limité correspondant aux dimensions habituelles de la tête de travail d'un appareil à épiler. Toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, le rendement de l'appareil selon l'invention est multiplié dans le rapport existant entre la somme des longueurs des différentes pinces d'arrachage existant dans cet appareil et la longueur de la pince unique des appareils antérieurs mentionnés précédemment. Or ce rapport peut être de l'ordre de 10 pour des dimensions égales d'encombrement. Cependant l'efficacité du présent appareil est aussi due à la suppression de la grille de protection habituellement prévue sur un appareil de ce genre. Cette suppression est rendue possible par le fait que les lames de pincement sont en nombre élevé et très rapprochées les unes des autres. Ceci évite tout risque d'engagement de la peau entre ces lames, de sorte que la présence d'une grille de protection est rendue parfaitement inutile. Or la suppression d'une telle grille permet d'éviter les risques de cisaillement des poils entre celle-ci et les pinces d'arrachage. Cependant cette suppression permet également que les bords de serrage des pinces puissent être rapprochés au maximum de la peau, de sorte que les poils sont saisis au ras de la peau, ce qui évite les risques de leur cassure.As already indicated, the efficiency of the present device is considerably increased compared to previous devices of the same type. This is due in the first place to the presence of a multitude of pliers instead of a single set of two jaws. Moreover, the production of each of these pliers by means of two thin blades makes it possible to provide a high number of such pliers for a limited space corresponding to the usual dimensions of the working head of a depilatory appliance. All other things being equal, the efficiency of the device according to the invention is multiplied in the ratio existing between the sum of the lengths of the different pliers existing in this device and the length of the single pliers of the previous devices mentioned above. . However, this ratio can be of the order of 10 for equal dimensions of overall dimensions. However, the effectiveness of this device is also due to the removal of the protective grid usually provided on a device of this kind. This suppression is made possible by the fact that the pinch blades are in high number and very close to each other. This avoids any risk of skin engagement between these blades, so that the presence of a protective grid is made perfectly useless. However, the removal of such a grid makes it possible to avoid the risks of shearing of the bristles between the latter and the pliers. However, this removal also allows the clamping edges of the pliers to be brought as close as possible to the skin, so that the hairs are gripped flush with the skin, which avoids the risks of their breakage.

Il va de soi que le présent appareil n'est pas limité aux seuls exemples de réalisation décrits ci-dessus. Ainsi la figure 8 représente une variante de réalisation des barrettes d'actionnement des lames de pincement. Dans cette variante, les deux barrettes correspondantes 11c et 11d sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre. A cet effet, l'une présente une forme allongée en U et l'autre est engagée entre les deux branches de cet U. Comme précédemment, ces barrettes comportent des têtes d'actionnement 14c et 14d à l'une et l'autre extrémités. Cependant cette modification des barrettes d'actionnement entraîne une modification des ouvertures prévues dans les lames de pincement 3c, 3d (Fig. 9, 9A). En effet dans un tel cas, ces ouvertures doivent affecter la forme des ouvertures 12c et 12d représentées sur les figures 9 et 9A afin de comporter des dents 21c et 21d aptes à être accrochées dans les rainures 13c, 13d prévues sur l'une et l'autre des deux barrettes 11c et 11d.It goes without saying that the present device is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above. Thus, FIG. 8 represents an alternative embodiment of the actuating bars of the nipping blades. In this variant, the two corresponding bars 11c and 11d are nested one inside the other. To this end, one has an elongated U-shape and the other is engaged between the two branches of this U. As before, these bars have actuation heads 14c and 14d at both ends. . However, this modification of the actuation bars results in a modification of the openings provided in the nip blades 3c, 3d (Fig. 9, 9A). Indeed in such a case, these openings must affect the shape of the openings 12c and 12d shown in FIGS. 9 and 9A in order to include teeth 21c and 21d able to be hung in the grooves 13c, 13d provided on one and the 'other of the two bars 11c and 11d.

Au lieu d'être montées pivotantes à leur pied, les lames de pincement 3a et 3b pourraient l'être en un point intermédiaire de leur hauteur. Par ailleurs, au lieu d'être montées pivotantes sur le support mobile 5 et seulement accouplées avec les barrettes d'actionnement, ces lames de pincement pourraient être portées alternativement par l'une et l'autre de ces deux barrettes. Dans un tel cas, le serrage et l'ouverture des pinces de préhension et d'arrachage seraient également obtenus par des mouvements en sens inverse des lames complémentaires constituant celles-ci. Cependant il s'agirait alors de mouvements de translation et non plus de mouvements de pivotement. Mais le résultat final serait le même.Instead of being pivotally mounted at their base, the pinch blades 3a and 3b could be so at an intermediate point of their height. Furthermore, instead of being pivotally mounted on the mobile support 5 and only coupled with the actuating bars, these pinching blades could be carried alternately by one and the other of these two bars. In such a case, the tightening and opening of the gripping and tearing pliers would also be obtained by movements in the opposite direction of the complementary blades constituting these. However, these would then be translational movements and no longer pivoting movements. But the end result would be the same.

Les galets 17a et 17b commandant la fermeture des pinces d'arrachage pourraient être remplacés par d'autres organes aptes à assurer le même rôle. Ces organes pourraient éventuellement consister en des rampes assurant la fermeture des pinces d'arrachage sur une plus grande longueur de la course de l'équipage mobile formé par le support 5 et par ces lames.The rollers 17a and 17b controlling the closing of the pliers could be replaced by other members able to perform the same role. These members could possibly consist of ramps ensuring the closing of the tear-off pliers over a greater length of the stroke of the mobile assembly formed by the support 5 and by these blades.

Eventuellement il serait possible de prévoir un agencement tel que la fermeture des pinces d'arrachage n'ait lieu que dans un sens déterminé du mouvement alternatif de translation, ces pinces restant ouvertes pendant toute la durée de leur déplacement en sens inverse, afin de faciliter l'engagement des poils entre celles-ci.Possibly it would be possible to provide an arrangement such that the lifting pliers are closed only in a determined direction of the reciprocating translational movement, these pliers remaining open for the entire duration of their movement in the opposite direction, in order to facilitate the engagement of the hairs therebetween.

Dans le but de faciliter la présentation des poils en face des lames de pincement, les bords les plus longs du corps 1 de la tête de travail peuvent présenter des échancrures 20. Mais encore une fois, de nombreuses autres variantes peuvent être prévues pour le présent appareil.In order to facilitate the presentation of the bristles in front of the nipping blades, the longest edges of the body 1 of the working head may have notches 20. But again, many other variants can be provided for the present apparatus.

Ainsi les lames de pincement pourraient pivoter en un point intermédiaire de leur longueur au lieu de pivoter à leur pied, comme prévu sur les figures 1 à 9. Dans un tel cas, leur pivotement pourrait être commandé par un actionnement effectué à leur pied, ou en tout autre endroit approprié par des barrettes coulissantes similaires aux barrettes 11a et 11b, ou par d'autres moyens de commande adéquats.Thus the pinch blades could pivot at an intermediate point of their length instead of pivoting at their feet, as provided in FIGS. 1 to 9. In such a case, their pivoting could be controlled by an actuation carried out at their feet, or in any other appropriate place by sliding bars similar to bars 11a and 11b, or by other suitable control means.

Par ailleurs les lames de pincement pourraient ne pas être pivotantes, mais être montées mobiles en translation selon l'axe Y-Y', ces lames étant alternativement mobiles dans un sens et dans le sens opposé, afin que deux lames voisines effectuent successivement un mouvement de serrage, puis un mouvement d'écartement. Dans un tel cas, les lames de chaque série pourraient être solidaires d'un support commun en formant avec lui une sorte de peigne monobloc, les deux peignes mobiles ainsi prévus étant imbriqués l'un dans l'autre et animés de mouvements alternatifs de translation, en sens inverses l'un de l'autre.Furthermore, the pinching blades may not be pivotable, but be mounted movable in translation along the axis Y-Y ', these blades being alternately movable in one direction and in the opposite direction, so that two neighboring blades successively perform a movement. tightening, then a spreading movement. In such a case, the blades of each series could be secured to a common support by forming with it a kind of one-piece comb, the two movable combs thus provided being nested one inside the other and driven by alternative movements of translation , in opposite directions to each other.

Quant aux figures 10 à 14, elles représentent une autre forme de réalisation encore, dans laquelle les mâchoires de pincement sont réalisées de façon tout à fait différente. En effet, celles-ci sont formées par découpage barrettes découpées dans des plaquettes d'une série de fentes parallèles dans des plaquettes 21 en matière élastique.As for FIGS. 10 to 14, they represent yet another embodiment, in which the pinch jaws are made quite differently. In fact, these are formed by cutting strips cut out from plates of a series of parallel slots in plates 21 made of elastic material.

En l'occurrence dans l'exemple représenté aux figures 10 à 14, il est prévu quatre plaquettes 21 en matière élastique qui sont disposées les unes à la suite des autres dans le sens transversal et dont chacune comporte une série de fentes 22 s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe Z-Z' de translation du support mobile 23 portant ces plaquettes. Ces fentes 22 sont pratiquées dans une partie seulement de l'épaisseur des plaquettes 21, en l'occurrence dans leur partie dirigée vers la surface de travail. En conséquence, ces fentes débouchent librement à l'extérieur. Du côté inverse, elles communiquent avec des alvéoles 24 ménagées dans l'épaisseur des plaquettes 21. Ces fentes 22 délimitent ainsi entre elles autant de lames parallèles 25 qui sont disposées côte à côte et sont destinées à constituer les mâchoires de pincement du présent appareil.In this case in the example shown in Figures 10 to 14, there are provided four plates 21 of elastic material which are arranged one after the other in the transverse direction and each of which comprises a series of slots 22 extending parallel to the axis ZZ 'of translation of the movable support 23 carrying these plates. These slots 22 are made in only part of the thickness of the plates 21, in this case in their part directed towards the working surface. Consequently, these slots open freely to the outside. On the reverse side, they communicate with cells 24 formed in the thickness of the plates 21. These slots 22 thus delimit between them as many parallel blades 25 which are arranged side by side and are intended to constitute the clamping jaws of this device.

Les plaquettes 21 ont la forme de pavés carrés ou rectangulaires et sont disposées dans des logements distincts 26 prévus dans le support mobile 23, et dont le fond comporte une large ouverture 26a. Le support mobile 23 affecte une forme allongée et il s'étend sur toute la longueur de l'ouverture correspondante du boîtier 27 de l'appareil. De même que dans la forme de réalisation précédemment décrite, ce support est entraîné dans un mouvement alternatif de translation, dans un sens et dans l'autre, selon l'axe Z-Z'. Son entraînement est assuré par un bras mobile 28 lui-même actionné par un mécanisme approprié. Ce support mobile 23 est guidé dans ces déplacements par des billes 29 engagées dans des chemins de guidage 30 constitués par des rainures prévues dans les parois correspondantes du boîtier 27.The plates 21 have the form of square or rectangular blocks and are arranged in separate housings 26 provided in the movable support 23, and the bottom of which has a wide opening 26a. The movable support 23 has an elongated shape and it extends over the entire length of the corresponding opening of the housing 27 of the device. As in the embodiment described above, this support is driven in an alternating translational movement, in one direction and in the other, along the axis Z-Z '. Its drive is provided by a movable arm 28 itself actuated by an appropriate mechanism. This mobile support 23 is guided in these movements by balls 29 engaged in guide tracks 30 formed by grooves provided in the corresponding walls of the housing 27.

Dans l'état normal des plaquettes élastiques 21, les fentes 22 de celles-ci sont librement ouvertes comme représenté sur la figure 10. Dans ces conditions, lorsque la tête de travail de l'appareil est déplacée au-dessus de la peau, les poils à arracher peuvent s'engager à l'intérieur de ces fentes au cours du mouvement de translation de l'ensemble mobile formé par le support 23 et les différentes plaquettes 21. Or, il est prévu des moyens mécaniques de commande aptes à provoquer, à un moment déterminé, la contraction des plaquettes élastiques 21 sur elles-mêmes, et, par suite, la fermeture des fentes 22 pour pincer les poils entre les lames correspondantes 25 qui forment ainsi des mâchoires de pincement.In the normal state of the elastic plates 21, the slots 22 of these are freely open as shown in FIG. 10. Under these conditions, when the working head of the apparatus is moved above the skin, the bristles to be plucked can engage inside these slots during the translational movement of the mobile assembly formed by the support 23 and the various plates 21. However, there are mechanical control means capable of causing, at a given moment, the contraction of the elastic plates 21 on themselves, and, consequently, the closing of the slots 22 to pinch the hairs between the corresponding blades 25 which thus form pinch jaws.

Dans l'exemple représenté aux figures 10 à 14, les moyens mécaniques ainsi prévus comprennent une barre transversale 31 parallèle au support mobile 23 et accouplée en translation avec celui-ci. Cette barre est attelée à chacune des plaquettes élastiques 21 par l'intermédiaire d'une barrette d'actionnement 32. Les extrémités de cette barre transversale 31 font saillie au-delà des extrémités correspondantes du support mobile 23 et chacune d'elles porte un galet 33 engagé dans un chemin de roulement formé par une gorge 34 ménagée dans la paroi correspondante du boîtier 27.In the example shown in Figures 10 to 14, the mechanical means thus provided comprise a transverse bar 31 parallel to the movable support 23 and coupled in translation with the latter. This bar is coupled to each of the elastic plates 21 by means of an actuating bar 32. The ends of this transverse bar 31 protrude beyond the corresponding ends of the movable support 23 and each of them carries a roller 33 engaged in a raceway formed by a groove 34 formed in the corresponding wall of the housing 27.

Or, chacun de ces chemins de roulement 34 est agencé pour constituer une came susceptible de commander le déplacement de la barre transversale 31 dans le sens de la flèche F3 de la figure 12, c'est-à-dire dans la direction opposée au plan de travail de l'appareil, et ce lorsque le support mobile 23 parvient au milieu de sa course lors de sa translation dans un sens et dans l'autre. A cet effet, les chemins de roulement 34 présentent une forme coudée de façon à comporter, en leur milieu, une partie décalée dans le sens de la flèche F3.However, each of these raceways 34 is arranged to constitute a cam capable of controlling the movement of the transverse bar 31 in the direction of the arrow F3 in FIG. 12, that is to say in the direction opposite to the plane of work of the device, and this when the mobile support 23 reaches the middle of its travel during its translation in one direction and in the other. To this end, the raceways 34 have a bent shape so as to include, in their middle, a part offset in the direction of arrow F3.

Ainsi, au cours de chacune des courses du support mobile 23 dans un sens et dans l'autre, la barre transversale 31 est amenée à exercer une traction sur les différentes plaquettes élastiques 21 dans le sens de la flèche F3. Cette traction provoque alors la déformation de chacune des plaquettes 21 qui est amenée à se contracter ainsi sur elle-même. Ceci provoque le serrage des lames 25 les unes contre les autres et par suite le pincement des poils qui se trouvent à ce moment engagés entre ces lames. L'arrachage de ces poils est réalisé de la même façon que dans la précédente forme de réalisation, c'est-à-dire sous l'effet du mouvement de translation du support mobile 23 dans un sens et dans l'autre.Thus, during each of the strokes of the movable support 23 in one direction and in the other, the transverse bar 31 is caused to exert traction on the various elastic plates 21 in the direction of the arrow F3. This traction then causes the deformation of each of the plates 21 which is caused to contract thus on itself. This causes the blades 25 to be clamped against each other and consequently to pinch the hairs which are at this time engaged between these blades. The pulling out of these bristles is carried out in the same way as in the previous embodiment, that is to say under the effect of the translational movement of the movable support 23 in one direction and in the other.

En conséquence, le fonctionnement de la tête de travail correspondant à cette variante de réalisation est le même que précédemment. Cependant cette variante présente l'avantage d'une plus grande simplicité. Ceci est évidemment dû au fait qu'au lieu d'être constituées par des lames distinctes montées sur un support commun, les lames de pincement sont formées dans des plaquettes en matière élastique qui comportent simplement des fentes parallèles donnant naissance à ces lames de pincement disposées côte à côte avec un faible intervalle entre elles. Il en résulte donc une très grande simplification du mécanisme, et par suite une réduction notable du prix de revient.Consequently, the operation of the working head corresponding to this variant embodiment is the same as above. However, this variant has the advantage of greater simplicity. This is obviously due to the fact that instead of being constituted by separate blades mounted on a common support, the nip blades are formed in plates of elastic material which simply have parallel slots giving rise to these nip blades arranged side by side with a small gap between them. This therefore results in a very great simplification of the mechanism, and consequently a significant reduction in the cost price.

Cependant les moyens mécaniques assurant la contraction des plaquettes élastiques 21 pourraient être différents de ceux prévus dans l'exemple décrit ci-dessus. Du reste, de même que dans la précédente forme de réalisation, il est possible de prévoir de nombreuses variantes d'exécution.However, the mechanical means ensuring the contraction of the elastic plates 21 could be different from those provided in the example described above. Moreover, as in the previous embodiment, it is possible to provide many alternative embodiments.

Enfin, il convient de noter que l'invention a pour objet non seulement un tel appareil à épiler dans son ensemble, mais également la tête de travail de cet appareil, cette tête étant alors conçue pour être adaptée sur le boîtier d'un appareil déjà existant comportant un moteur d'entraînement et un mécanisme apte à assurer le mouvement alternatif de translation du support mobile 5,23 des lames de pincement.Finally, it should be noted that the subject of the invention is not only such a depilatory appliance in its together, but also the working head of this device, this head then being designed to be fitted to the housing of an already existing device comprising a drive motor and a mechanism capable of ensuring the reciprocating translational movement of the mobile support 5 , 23 pinch blades.

Claims (16)

  1. An epilating appliance including in a housing (2, 27) adapted to be held in one hand pincer jaws which serve to pluck hair and are comprised of a series of adjacent pincer blades (3a, 3b; 25) having their edges in parallel arrangement in order to form in pairs a plurality of gripping and plucking pincers, the blades having one end thereof mounted on a movable support (5; 23) driven in an alternating translational motion while their other end is coupled to one or several actuating rods (11a, 11b or 11c, 11d; 32) adapted to control in successive sequence during the translational motion the opening and closing of the edges (4a, 4b) of two adjacent blades (3a, 3b; 25) constituting a pair of pincers, characterized in that the alternating translational motion of the movable support (5; 23) is in particular effected on an axis (X-X'; Z-Z') parallel to the working plane (Y-Y') of the appliance as defined by the edges of the pincer blades (3a, 3b; 25), and that control means (17a, 17b, 18; 31, 33, 34) are provided acting directly or indirectly on the actuating rod(s) (11a, 11b or 11c, 11d; 32) under the effect of the translational displacement of the assembly comprised of movable support (5; 23), pincer blades (3a, 3b; 25) and actuating rods (11a, 11b or 11c, 11d; 32), such that the latter are displaced in an alternating movement perpendicular to the translation axis (X-X'; Z-Z') of the movable support (5; 23).
  2. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pincer blades (3a, 3b) are pivotally mounted on the support (5) common to all blades at their base, that is, at their ends opposite their gripping edges, the actuating rods (11a, 11b) being adapted to cause an alternating pivotal movement of the blades (3a, 3b) in the one and the other direction, such as to ensure the closing of the gripping edges (4a, 4b) of two adjacent blades in order to grip the hair that has become engaged therebetween.
  3. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the blade support (5) includes a series of grooves (10) extending parallel to the displacement axis (X-X') of the support, and that the edges (9a, 9b) of the lower ends of two complementary blades (3a, 3b) forming a pair of pincers are engaged within the same groove (10) of the support.
  4. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the two complementary blades (3a, 3b) of a pair of pincers are integrally formed of a folded member, the fold at the base providing the joint of the two blades.
  5. An epilating appliance as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two actuating rods (11a, 11b) of the pincer blades (3a, 3b) extend through openings (12a, 12b) in the blades, the openings being cut out such as to provide a tooth (21a or 21b) engaged with a recess (13a, 13b) of the one or the other actuating rod (11a, 11b).
  6. An epilating appliance as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support (5) of the pincer blades (3a, 3b) is of a U-shaped cross section received in a trough (6) provided in the body (1) of the working head of the appliance, such as to be displaceable in the one or the other direction parallel to the gripping edges (4a, 4b) of the pincer blades.
  7. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the outer ends (14a, 14b) of the actuating rods (11a, 11b) of the pincer blades (3a, 3b) extend through lateral arms (7) of the movable support (5), and that in their longitudinal extent fixed control means (17a, 17b) are provided which are adapted to act on the rods (11a, 11b) to urge them back in the opposite direction.
  8. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the control means for the rods (11a, 11b) are comprised of two rollers (17a, 17b) acted upon by the pressure of compression springs (18).
  9. An epilating appliance as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pincer blades (3a, 3b) are elbow-shaped (19) in the region close to their gripping edges (4a, 4b).
  10. A working head for an epilating appliance intended to be accommodated in a housing (2) adapted to be held in one hand, the head including pincer jaws which serve to pluck hair and are comprised of a series of adjacent pincer blades (3a, 3b) having their edges in parallel arrangement to form in pairs a plurality of gripping and plucking pincers, the blades having one end thereof mounted on a movable support (5) driven in an alternating translational motion while their other end is coupled to two transverse actuating rods (11a, 11b or 11c, 11d) adapted to cause in successive sequence during the translational motion the opening and closing of the edges (4a, 4b) of two adjacent blades (3a, 3b) constituting a pair of pincers, characterized in that the alternating translational motion of the movable support (5) is in particular effected on an axis (X-X') parallel to the working plane (Y-Y') of the appliance as defined by the edges of the pincer blades (3a, 3), and that control means (17a, 17b, 18) are provided acting directly on the actuating rods (11a, 11b or 11c, 11d) under the effect of the translational displacement of the assembly comprised of movable support (5), pincer blades (3a, 3b) and actuating rods (11a, 11b; 11c, 11d), such that the latter are displaced in an alternating movement perpendicular to the translation axis (X-X') of the movable support (5).
  11. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises one or several plates of elastic material (21), that the pincer blades (25) are formed by cutting out a series of slots (22) in the outer part of at least one of the elastic plates (21), that the slots (22) extend parallel to the axis (Z-Z') of alternating displacement of the movable support (23), and that mechanical control means (31, 32, 33, 34) are provided which, in the course of the translational motion of the support (23) of the elastic plate(s) (21), cause them to contract, as a result of which the pincer blades (25) provided therein are closed.
  12. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the plates (21) are received in seats (26) provided in the interior of the movable support (23).
  13. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 11 or claim 12, characterized in that each plate (21) is connected with an actuating pin (32) controlling the closing of the edges of two adjacent blades (25) by contraction of the elastic plate(s) (21), and that the actuating pin (32) is connected to a transverse bar (31) extending parallel to the movable support (23) of the assembly and translationally coupled to the support (23), the bar (31) being placed in contact with cams (34) which, under the effect of the alternating translational motion of the movable support (23), are adapted to cause the displacement of the bar in a direction opposite to the working plane (Y-Y') of the assembly and subsequently its return into the normal position.
  14. An epilating appliance as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the transverse bar (31) controlling the contraction of the elastic plates (21) comprises at either end a roller (33) which is inserted in a guideway (34) constituting the cam serving to act on the bar (31).
  15. A working head for an epilating appliance with a housing (27), the head including pincer jaws which serve to pluck hair and are comprised of a series of adjacent blades (25) having their edges in parallel arrangement in order to form in pairs a plurality of gripping and plucking pincers, the blades having one end thereof mounted on a movable support (23) driven in an alternating translational motion while their other end is coupled to actuating pins (32) adapted to control in successive sequence during the translational motion the opening and closing of the edges of two adjacent blades (25) constituting a pair of pincers, characterized in that the alternating translational motion of the movable support (23) is in particular effected on an axis (Z-Z') parallel to the working plane (Y-Y') of the appliance as defined by the edges of the blades (25), that one or several plates (21) of an elastic material is or are disposed in the movable support (23) in successive sequence, that the pincer blades (25) are formed by cutting out a series of slots (22) in the outer part of at least one of the elastic plates (21), that the slots (22) extend parallel to the axis (Z-Z') of alternating displacement of the movable support (23), and that mechanical control means (31, 33, 34) are provided which, under the effect of the alternating translational displacement of the movable support (23), act on the actuating pins (32) such as to displace them in an alternating motion perpendicular to the axis of translation (Z-Z') and parallel to the edges of the blades (25).
  16. A working head as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the mechanical control means (31, 33, 34) acting on the actuating pins (32) comprise a transverse bar (31) parallel to the movable support (23) and coupled thereto by translation, the bar being connected to each of the elastic plates (21) by means of an actuating pin (32) and having its outer ends extending out of the movable support (23), two rollers (33) each carried by a respective outer end of the transverse bar (31), and two guideways (34) guiding each a respective roller (33) and being formed by a recess provided in the respective wall of the housing (27) and angled in such a fashion as to have in its center a portion offset in the direction (F3) of the tractive force exerted by the transverse bar (31) on each of the plates (21) so as to cause their contraction and subsequently the closing of the pincer blades (25) formed therein.
EP90400403A 1989-02-17 1990-02-14 Depilation apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0383684B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT9090400403T ATE105469T1 (en) 1989-02-17 1990-02-14 HAIR REMOVAL DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8902091 1989-02-17
FR8902091A FR2643240B1 (en) 1989-02-17 1989-02-17 HAIR REMOVAL APPARATUS

Publications (2)

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EP0383684A1 EP0383684A1 (en) 1990-08-22
EP0383684B1 true EP0383684B1 (en) 1994-05-11

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EP90400403A Expired - Lifetime EP0383684B1 (en) 1989-02-17 1990-02-14 Depilation apparatus

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US (1) US5211648A (en)
EP (1) EP0383684B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03504097A (en)
AT (1) ATE105469T1 (en)
DE (2) DE69008748T4 (en)
FR (1) FR2643240B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1990009119A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5468266A (en) * 1993-06-02 1995-11-21 Philip Morris Incorporated Method for making a carbonaceous heat source containing metal oxide
CN100372487C (en) * 2004-09-25 2008-03-05 超人集团有限公司 Electric hair-pulling out device
US9713877B2 (en) 2014-11-12 2017-07-25 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper head with drag reduction
USD779123S1 (en) 2014-11-12 2017-02-14 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper head
USD795497S1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-08-22 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper
USD794871S1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-08-15 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper
USD802214S1 (en) 2016-06-10 2017-11-07 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper head
USD802217S1 (en) 2016-06-10 2017-11-07 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper head
USD802215S1 (en) 2016-06-10 2017-11-07 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper head
USD802216S1 (en) 2016-06-10 2017-11-07 Medline Industries, Inc. Clipper head

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2556939B1 (en) * 1983-12-22 1987-10-23 Jean Alazet HAIR REMOVAL DEVICE
FR2586538B1 (en) * 1985-08-29 1987-10-30 Alazet Jean HAIR REMOVAL APPARATUS.
DE3713287A1 (en) * 1987-04-18 1988-11-03 Karl Erbert HAIR REMOVAL DEVICE
US4901723A (en) * 1988-11-30 1990-02-20 Securicome Development Inc. Depilatory device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2643240B1 (en) 1991-05-10
DE69008748D1 (en) 1994-06-16
WO1990009119A1 (en) 1990-08-23
FR2643240A1 (en) 1990-08-24
EP0383684A1 (en) 1990-08-22
DE69008748T4 (en) 1995-03-30
JPH03504097A (en) 1991-09-12
DE69008748T2 (en) 1994-09-29
ATE105469T1 (en) 1994-05-15
US5211648A (en) 1993-05-18

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