EP0378161B1 - Disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension - Google Patents

Disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378161B1
EP0378161B1 EP90100360A EP90100360A EP0378161B1 EP 0378161 B1 EP0378161 B1 EP 0378161B1 EP 90100360 A EP90100360 A EP 90100360A EP 90100360 A EP90100360 A EP 90100360A EP 0378161 B1 EP0378161 B1 EP 0378161B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
arc
plates
contact
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90100360A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0378161A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean Maineult
Raymond Pluveau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GEC Alsthom SA filed Critical GEC Alsthom SA
Publication of EP0378161A1 publication Critical patent/EP0378161A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0378161B1 publication Critical patent/EP0378161B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H33/10—Metal parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high or medium voltage circuit breaker.
  • the breaking of medium and high voltage currents is commonly done by means of circuit breakers in which the breaking chamber is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • circuit breakers are expensive to build because they must include means for compressing the blowing gas and means for storing sometimes significant control energy.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker which does not require a gas compression device and whose operating energy is very low.
  • the breaking principle used in the circuit breaker of the invention consists in creating an arc voltage greater than the network voltage.
  • the principle is used in low voltage with cut-off chambers in the air. However, this principle is not directly applicable in medium and high voltage, since the dielectric strength of the air is too low and its deionization time constant too high to ensure a recovery voltage, and the arc is rekindled after each zero crossing of the current to be cut.
  • a difficulty in implementing SF6 results from the fact that the arc voltages in SF6 are much lower than the arc voltages in air and that it is difficult and industrially impossible to create, in medium and high voltage, a sufficient arc voltage in SF6 by simple stretching of the arc.
  • This difficulty is resolved by the invention by splitting the initial arc on metal plates into a very high number of elementary arcs.
  • the arc voltage of each elementary arc is due to voltage drops from the roots of the arc and is between 20 and 40 Volts depending on the nature of the metal
  • This solution does not allow the arc to be stretched sufficiently when the insulating medium is a dielectric gas.
  • An object of the invention is to give the arc a path in the form of a solenoid whose self-expansion will make it possible to lengthen the arc sufficiently to ensure a cut.
  • the outer casing of the circuit breaker has not been shown.
  • This envelope is filled with dielectric gas such as sulfur hexafluoride, under a pressure of a few bars.
  • the circuit breaker includes a permanent current circuit and a cut-off circuit.
  • the permanent current circuit comprises bushings 1 and 5 bringing the current through the casing (not shown), an upper fixed contact 2 formed by a conductive profile and a lower fixed contact 4 formed by a conductive profile. Movable knives 3 around an axis 10 are rotated by a known device, such as crank-rod, not shown.
  • the knives are associated with means, not shown, of known type, to ensure sufficient contact pressure.
  • the breaking chamber is described with reference to FIGS. 1 (perspective), 2 (section along a plane perpendicular to the axis 10) and 5 (cross section).
  • the breaking chamber comprises a housing 11 made of plastic.
  • This housing has at its upper part 15 holes for discharging gases released by the arc.
  • each of the compartments is placed a plurality of metal plates 12, arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the line passing through the contacts.
  • the metal plates 12 have a notch 12a increasing the speed of rise of the arc by concentrating the magnetic field of the current.
  • They are made of magnetic material with a thickness between 0.8 and 2 mm and distant from a length of 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
  • Metal electrodes 13 include a part 13A in a U coming to overlap the partition 11A separating two adjacent compartments.
  • These electrodes include two wings 13B and 13C, which come place themselves respectively in one or other of the neighboring compartments.
  • the wings form an angle close to 90 degrees between them.
  • the wings are flat and their plane is perpendicular to that of the plates of their respective compartment.
  • Arc refractory ceramic partitions 14 can optionally be fitted for high power circuit breakers to protect the housing 11.
  • An opening operation is carried out as follows: under the action of an external mechanism the knives 3 pivot and separate from the fixed contact 2; the current then flows through the stud 6 and the knife 7. By continuing its pivoting stroke the knife 7 separates from the stud 6.
  • the arc starts in A1 ( Figure 4) on elements 6a, 7a.
  • Known devices such as blow coils (not shown) traversed by the short-circuit current, or magnetic sheets such as 8B placed around the electrodes 6 and 8, can be used to increase the magnetic field acting on the 'bow. This stretches and comes in A3 at the entrance to the switching chamber.
  • each of the roots of the arc A4 moves on an electrode 13.
  • the arc A4 lengthens and pivots by 90 ° creating with the two horns of the electrodes 13 a new current loop.
  • the magnetic field produced by this solenoid forces the arcs A4 to be inserted in the metal plates 12, each arc A4 is subdivided into a large number of arcs resulting in a sudden increase in the arc voltage, the limitation of the breaking current , and switching off the current.
  • the decompression is carried out using calibrated holes 15.
  • the upper part of the plates can be made insulating preventing the displacement of the roots of the arc either by a deposit of plastic insulating material, or by a deposit of ceramic (alumina for example).
  • the set of knives 3 and 7 continues its rotation and arrives in the open circuit breaker position necessary to withstand the voltage.
  • the knife 7 comes into contact with 6 ensuring the establishment of the current on the elements 6A, 7A; the knives 3 then come into contact on 2.
  • Such a limiting circuit breaker is shown, without its casing filled with dielectric gas, in FIG. 6.
  • Magnetic plates 21 are fixed on the contact carrier 19. Their purpose is to increase the magnetic field on the contact 16 to increase the repulsion force. When a short-circuit current of high intensity appears, very large electrodynamic forces appear between finger 16 and contact 15.
  • Finger 16 is violently pushed back.
  • FIG. 7 shows in section the limiting circuit breaker as a whole with its insulating envelope 30.
  • Low-voltage toroids 23 located on the bushings of the envelope recorded the sudden change in current, and by means of an electronic relay 24 and a low energy striker 25 (elements known) gave an order to open the command 26.
  • This drives, by the shaft 31, the crank 32 and the connecting rod 20, the fingers 16 and the contact carriers 19 in the open position before the finger 16 under the action of the spring 17 returns in contact with the element 15.
  • the finger 16 comes to a stop on a stop 19A secured to the contact carrier 19.
  • the circuit breaker assembly, low voltage toroids, electronic relay and control constitute an autonomous protection assembly.
  • the electronic relay also makes it possible to detect intermediate fault currents, and to create a thermal image of the device to be protected.
  • This set is therefore particularly well suited to the protection of medium voltage transformers for public distribution, and to the protection of high power motors.
  • Figure 8 shows in cross section the breaking chamber of a circuit breaker according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
EP90100360A 1989-01-10 1990-01-09 Disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension Expired - Lifetime EP0378161B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8900215 1989-01-10
FR8900215A FR2641643B1 (fr) 1989-01-10 1989-01-10 Disjoncteur a haute ou moyenne tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0378161A1 EP0378161A1 (fr) 1990-07-18
EP0378161B1 true EP0378161B1 (fr) 1994-05-25

Family

ID=9377580

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90100360A Expired - Lifetime EP0378161B1 (fr) 1989-01-10 1990-01-09 Disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5066839A (ja)
EP (1) EP0378161B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2611019B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE106160T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2007397C (ja)
DE (1) DE69009070T2 (ja)
DK (1) DK0378161T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2056251T3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2641643B1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9105513D0 (en) * 1991-03-15 1991-05-01 Nat Res Dev Control of electric arcs
FR2711269B1 (fr) * 1993-10-12 1995-12-29 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Disjoncteur à haute tension capable de couper des courants de défaut à passage par zéro retardé.
FR2719152B1 (fr) * 1994-04-22 1996-05-24 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Disjoncteur à moyenne ou haute tension.
EP3933866A1 (en) * 2020-07-01 2022-01-05 ABB Schweiz AG A switching apparatus for electric power distribution grids

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE587110C (de) * 1933-10-30 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Schalter mit Lichtbogenloeschung durch stroemende Druckluft und mit Mehrfachunterbrechung
US1940120A (en) * 1930-05-22 1933-12-19 Condit Electrical Mfg Corp Electric switch and arc extinguishing apparatus
US2362798A (en) * 1942-06-30 1944-11-14 Gen Electric Electric switchgear
GB568967A (en) * 1943-11-05 1945-04-27 David Reginald Davies Improvements in and relating to gas blast electric switches or circuit breakers
US2757261A (en) * 1951-07-19 1956-07-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters
DE1064589B (de) * 1955-11-10 1959-09-03 Licentia Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter mit Lichtbogenloeschkammer und mit magnetischer Blasung
FR1183278A (fr) * 1957-11-05 1959-07-06 Merlin Gerin Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs à soufflage magnétique
DE1096458B (de) * 1958-04-14 1961-01-05 Licentia Gmbh Kontaktanordnung fuer Leistungsschalter
US3139503A (en) * 1960-07-21 1964-06-30 Merlin Gerin Extinguishing device for electrical arcs
US3728503A (en) * 1971-01-22 1973-04-17 Ite Imperial Corp Shock-proof arc chute for high voltage circuit breaker with metallic arc plates having off-set lines of openings
JPS5123871U (ja) * 1974-08-13 1976-02-21
JPS5489278A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-07-16 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Arc extinguishing apparatus
US4229630A (en) * 1980-03-17 1980-10-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker utilizing improved arc chambers
US4405847A (en) * 1980-12-23 1983-09-20 Whipp & Bourme (1975) Limited Arc chutes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2007397C (fr) 1994-03-22
US5066839A (en) 1991-11-19
FR2641643B1 (fr) 1991-03-22
ATE106160T1 (de) 1994-06-15
DE69009070T2 (de) 1994-09-08
JP2611019B2 (ja) 1997-05-21
ES2056251T3 (es) 1994-10-01
CA2007397A1 (fr) 1990-07-10
EP0378161A1 (fr) 1990-07-18
FR2641643A1 (fr) 1990-07-13
JPH02236922A (ja) 1990-09-19
DE69009070D1 (de) 1994-06-30
DK0378161T3 (da) 1994-07-18

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