EP0375894B1 - Verfahren und Strahlungskühler zur Strahlungskühlung eines aus einem Vergasungsreaktor austretenden Produktgasmengenstromes - Google Patents
Verfahren und Strahlungskühler zur Strahlungskühlung eines aus einem Vergasungsreaktor austretenden Produktgasmengenstromes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0375894B1 EP0375894B1 EP89120659A EP89120659A EP0375894B1 EP 0375894 B1 EP0375894 B1 EP 0375894B1 EP 89120659 A EP89120659 A EP 89120659A EP 89120659 A EP89120659 A EP 89120659A EP 0375894 B1 EP0375894 B1 EP 0375894B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiant
- product gas
- cylindrical
- radiant cooling
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
- F22B1/1846—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations the hot gas being loaded with particles, e.g. waste heat boilers after a coal gasification plant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for radiation cooling of a product gas quantity stream, which comes out of a gasification reactor, in particular from a gasification reactor of coal pressure gasification, and is laden with particles in a cylindrical radiation cooler with a radiation cooling jacket.
- the invention further relates to a radiation cooler set up for the method. It is understood that the radiation cooler has a corresponding housing.
- the radiation cooling jacket and other radiation cooling walls treated in the context of the invention consist in a known manner of fin walls or the like, e.g. B. box-shaped constructions. In general, the radiation cooling walls and the radiation cooling jacket are provided with tapping devices or the like for the purpose of cleaning.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method which is characterized by significantly improved radiation cooling and allows to work with radiation coolers that are relatively compact compared to the known measures.
- the invention is further based on the object of specifying a radiation cooler which is particularly suitable for the method according to the invention.
- the invention teaches that the product gas volume flow is divided by cylindrical radiation cooling walls arranged at a distance from the radiation cooling jacket into concentric cylindrical layer streams, the layer density of which is provided for a high level of radiant heat exchange, and that the areas of the product gas volume flow flowing into the radiation cooling walls are divided into one in a pre-cooling area Baking of the particles can be cooled down to a sufficient temperature.
- the pre-cooling area is located between the product gas inlet and the cylindrical radiation cooling walls.
- the pre-cooling area can also be connected upstream of the radiation cooler. In both cases it can have special impact and / or calming surfaces.
- the layer thickness of the flowing product gas in the cylinder layer flows for a high radiant heat exchange is physically determined: In this context, it must first be emphasized that the excited molecules and, in the presence of particles, the particles also contribute to the radiation of a gas. In the area of thin gas layers of the product gas, the rule applies that the radiant heat exchange increases monotonically with increasing thickness of the gas layer. Thin gas layers are those in which the dust content and the gas do not yet cause a disruptive shield for the radiation heat transfer even in the radiation heat exchange between a wall and the gas layer. In the area of thick gas volumes, the gas layers lying between gas layers of the product gas remote from the wall and the wall with which the radiant heat exchange takes place act like radiation shields.
- the extinction coefficient of the dust depends on the dust surface, its absorption capacity and the load.
- the overall relationship for the heat flow density is:
- a thick gas layer as a collection of several thin gas layers: think of a gas layer made up of various individual layers with a thickness of 1 / k parallel to the wall, whereby the one closest to the wall is designated 1, the most distant one with n. All individual layers are in an exchange of radiation with each other. It can be seen that the transmittance ⁇ , that is the proportion of the radiation which is not optically absorbed by the radiating gas element to the wall, depends strongly on the thickness of the gas layer irradiated. The transmittance ⁇ between the i-th gas layer and the wall is calculated by neglecting the transmission losses in the i-th gas layer
- the table shows the transmittance ⁇ between the wall and the seven gas layers closest to the wall. From this it follows that only the first three layers closest to the wall are in an effective radiation exchange with the wall. Radiation from layers far away from the wall only exchange radiation with their neighboring gas layers. The gas layers away from the wall cannot give up their heat to the wall by direct radiant heat exchange, but only by exchanging radiation with gas layers closer to the wall. These exchange radiation with the next gas layer closer to the wall up to the gas layers near the wall, which radiate directly onto the wall. In other words, the gas layers lying between the gas layers remote from the wall and the wall itself act like radiation shields. It follows. that the heat decoupling due to radiation exchange between the gas and the wall decreases with increasing thickness of the gas layer, since the gas layers which are further away from the wall are more shielded from the wall.
- the optimum value ⁇ is chosen as twice the gas layer thickness at which the emissivity is approximately 0.86.
- This value which at the same time defines the radial distance between two mutually associated cylinder jackets of the radiation cooler according to the invention, is selected so that the gas flowing in the middle between two cylinder jackets is also in heat exchange with the wall of the cylinder jackets by gas and particle radiation.
- a radiation cooler designed in this way then has the minimum heat transfer area. A range between 0.5 and 3.0 times the above-mentioned optimal value still leads to advantageously small heat transfer areas.
- the method according to the invention should be carried out in such a way that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylinder layer flows which mainly consist of thin partial layers close to the wall in the sense of heat exchange by radiation between a gas and a wall.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention which has proven particularly useful when it is a product gas from coal pressure gasification, is characterized in that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylinder layer currents, the layer thickness of which corresponds to approximately twice the thickness of a layer which has an emissivity of approximately 0.86.
- the invention teaches that the central regions of the product gas volume flow are brought into contact further downstream with the cylindrical radiation cooling walls than the regions adjoining the radiation cooling jacket towards the outside. It is always advisable to conduct the product gas volume flow with a flow profile that is as free as possible from cross flows.
- the overall flow shape can be set to be both laminar and turbulent.
- the invention also relates to a radiation cooler which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method described.
- its basic structure includes a cylindrical radiation cooling jacket, a product gas inlet arranged in the cylinder axis and a coaxially arranged outlet for the radiation-cooled product gas, additional radiation cooling walls being arranged in the region of the radiation cooling jacket.
- the radiation cooler according to the invention is characterized in that the additional radiation cooling walls are designed as cylindrical radiation cooling walls and are arranged in the direction of flow of the product gas after a pre-cooling area concentrically with one another and with radial layer forming radial layer distances from the radiation cooling jacket and from one another.
- the pre-cooling area is designed as an essentially rotationally parabolic, installation-free space, which adjoins the product gas inlet and becomes parabolically narrower downstream and is surrounded by the radiation cooling jacket, the cylindrical radiation cooling walls adjoining the pre-cooling area with their leading edges in accordance with the parabolic shape.
- the radiation cooling jacket and the cylindrical radiation cooling walls, in the rest, in the direction of flow of the product gas have a length designed according to the laws of radiation cooling, so that the product gas is cooled down sufficiently.
- the radiant heat exchange is particularly great in the sense of the invention if the cylindrical radiant cooling walls are at a distance from the radiant cooling jacket that is 0.5 times to 3 times the layer thickness specified in claim 3.
- the radiation cooling walls will be arranged concentrically and equidistantly, the distance thus defined also corresponding to the distance of the corresponding radiation cooling wall from the radiation cooling jacket.
- the distances can advantageously also be greater from the central axis of the radiation cooler, so that the same amount of heat exchange takes place on all radiation cooling walls. In other words, practically equal partial flows flow in the cylinder layer flows.
- the 1 is basically cylindrical and has a cylindrical radiation cooling jacket 1, which is installed in a corresponding housing in a known manner.
- the product gas inlet 2 is also arranged in the cylinder axis, and the outlet for the radiation-cooled product gas is located coaxially with it, not shown.
- Additional radiation cooling walls are arranged in the area of the radiation cooling jacket 1. They are designed as cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 and are arranged concentrically to one another in the flow direction of the product gas after a pre-cooling zone 4, specifically with a radial distance A from the radiation cooling jacket 1 and from one another which forms cylindrical layer currents.
- the pre-cooling area 4 is designed as an essentially rotationally parabolic, installation-free space.
- the cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 are connected with their leading edges 5 to the pre-cooling area 4 in accordance with the parabolic shape. It is achieved in this way that the product gas volume flow through the cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 is divided into concentric cylinder layer flows, and that the layer thickness is set up for a high radiation heat exchange.
- the areas of the product gas volume flow flowing into the radiation cooling walls 3 are cooled down in the pre-cooling area 4 to a temperature which sufficiently excludes the caking of the particles.
- Fig. 2 shows a differently designed radiation cooler for performing the method according to the invention in a detail.
- the radiation cooling jacket surrounding the concentric radiation cooling walls 3 is not shown.
- 3 here designates two adjacent concentric and cylindrical radiation cooling walls arranged at a distance A from one another and shown by way of example for a larger number. All concentric radiant cooling walls 3 begin at the same height in the gasification reactor and the hot product gas flows around them.
- the actual heat transfer surfaces 3 are each preceded by a baffle and / or calming surface 6 or 7, the task of which is essentially not heat transfer, but rather the collection of the doughy particles and the Calming of the gas flow before entering the intermediate spaces between the radiation cooling walls 3.
- the baffles 6 or calming surfaces 7 are aligned with the heat transfer surfaces and can be mechanically connected to them or an extension part of these. They can be cleaned mechanically or pneumatically from adhering particles. However, it is more advantageous to reduce their thermal conductivity by sputtering with refractory material so that the impacting particles still have a surface temperature in the hot product gas stream, which allows them to drip off as liquid slag. This means that the impact surfaces or calming surfaces 6 and 7 begin at a height in the gasification reactor at which these particles are still sufficiently liquid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3844347 | 1988-12-30 | ||
DE3844347A DE3844347A1 (de) | 1988-12-30 | 1988-12-30 | Verfahren und strahlungskuehler zur strahlungskuehlung eines aus dem vergasungsreaktor austretenden produktgasmengenstromes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0375894A1 EP0375894A1 (de) | 1990-07-04 |
EP0375894B1 true EP0375894B1 (de) | 1992-04-22 |
Family
ID=6370545
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89120659A Expired - Lifetime EP0375894B1 (de) | 1988-12-30 | 1989-11-08 | Verfahren und Strahlungskühler zur Strahlungskühlung eines aus einem Vergasungsreaktor austretenden Produktgasmengenstromes |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5143520A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0375894B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN1024679C (es) |
DD (1) | DD291090A5 (es) |
DE (2) | DE3844347A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2031675T3 (es) |
TR (1) | TR24965A (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA898262B (es) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5803937A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1998-09-08 | L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh | Method of cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel |
DE4300776C2 (de) * | 1993-01-14 | 1995-07-06 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Verfahren zum Kühlen eines staubbeladenen Rohgases aus der Vergasung eines festen kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffes in einem Reaktor unter Druck und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US20110016788A1 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-01-27 | Thacker Pradeep S | Methods and system for heat recovery in a gasification system |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2027444B (en) * | 1978-07-28 | 1983-03-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Gasification of ash-containing solid fuels |
DE3009851C2 (de) * | 1980-03-14 | 1983-09-15 | Karrena GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Reaktorbehälter, insbesondere zur Vergasung fossiler Brennstoffe |
US4377132A (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1983-03-22 | Texaco Development Corp. | Synthesis gas cooler and waste heat boiler |
DE3107156A1 (de) * | 1981-02-26 | 1982-09-16 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | Anlage zur erzeugung von gasfoermigen produkten |
DE3137576C2 (de) * | 1981-09-22 | 1985-02-28 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen von aus einem Vergasungsprozeß stammenden Prozeßgas |
DE3139436A1 (de) * | 1981-10-03 | 1983-04-28 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | Verfahren zum verhindern von aus fluessigen und/oder klebrigen brennstoffaschepartikeln eines produktgasstromes bestehenden anbackungen beim anstroemen einer festen begrenzung |
US4436530A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1984-03-13 | Texaco Development Corporation | Process for gasifying solid carbon containing materials |
DE3409030A1 (de) * | 1984-03-13 | 1985-09-19 | Krupp Koppers GmbH, 4300 Essen | Verfahren zur abtrennung von aromaten aus kohlenwasserstoffgemischen beliebigen aromatengehaltes |
DE3427088C2 (de) * | 1984-07-18 | 1987-05-07 | Korf Engineering GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines heißen Produktgases |
DE3538515A1 (de) * | 1985-10-30 | 1987-05-07 | Babcock Werke Ag | Vorrichtung zum kuehlen von heissen, staubbeladenen gasen |
DE3809313A1 (de) * | 1988-03-19 | 1989-10-05 | Krupp Koppers Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kuehlen von partialoxidationsgas |
CH676603A5 (es) * | 1988-10-26 | 1991-02-15 | Sulzer Ag |
-
1988
- 1988-12-30 DE DE3844347A patent/DE3844347A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-10-31 ZA ZA898262A patent/ZA898262B/xx unknown
- 1989-11-08 ES ES198989120659T patent/ES2031675T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-08 EP EP89120659A patent/EP0375894B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-08 DE DE8989120659T patent/DE58901247D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-11 TR TR89/1020A patent/TR24965A/xx unknown
- 1989-12-18 US US07/452,234 patent/US5143520A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-28 DD DD89336613A patent/DD291090A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-29 CN CN89109623A patent/CN1024679C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0375894A1 (de) | 1990-07-04 |
TR24965A (tr) | 1992-07-29 |
CN1043732A (zh) | 1990-07-11 |
ES2031675T3 (es) | 1992-12-16 |
ZA898262B (en) | 1990-08-29 |
DD291090A5 (de) | 1991-06-20 |
CN1024679C (zh) | 1994-05-25 |
DE3844347A1 (de) | 1990-07-05 |
US5143520A (en) | 1992-09-01 |
DE58901247D1 (de) | 1992-05-27 |
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