EP0375894A1 - Process and radiation cooler for the radiation cooling of a product gas flow from a gasification reactor - Google Patents

Process and radiation cooler for the radiation cooling of a product gas flow from a gasification reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0375894A1
EP0375894A1 EP89120659A EP89120659A EP0375894A1 EP 0375894 A1 EP0375894 A1 EP 0375894A1 EP 89120659 A EP89120659 A EP 89120659A EP 89120659 A EP89120659 A EP 89120659A EP 0375894 A1 EP0375894 A1 EP 0375894A1
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Prior art keywords
radiation
product gas
radiation cooling
cylindrical
cooling
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EP89120659A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0375894B1 (en
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Hans-Günter Dr. Richard
Gerhard Wilmer
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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Krupp Koppers GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F22B1/1846—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations the hot gas being loaded with particles, e.g. waste heat boilers after a coal gasification plant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for radiation cooling of a product gas quantity stream, which comes out of a gasification reactor, in particular from a gasification reactor of coal pressure gasification, and is laden with particles in a cylindrical radiation cooler with a radiation cooling jacket.
  • the invention further relates to a radiation cooler set up for the method. It is understood that the radiation cooler has a corresponding housing.
  • the radiation cooling jacket and other radiation cooling walls treated in the context of the invention consist in a known manner of fin walls or the like, e.g. B. box-shaped constructions. In general, the radiation cooling walls and the radiation cooling jacket are provided with tapping devices or the like for the purpose of cleaning.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method which is characterized by significantly improved radiation cooling and allows to work with radiation coolers that are relatively compact compared to the known measures.
  • the invention is further based on the object of specifying a radiation cooler which is particularly suitable for the method according to the invention.
  • the invention teaches that the product gas volume flow is divided by cylindrical radiation cooling walls arranged at a distance from the radiation cooling jacket into concentric cylindrical layer streams, the layer density of which is provided for a high level of radiant heat exchange, and that the areas of the product gas volume flow flowing into the radiation cooling walls are divided into one in a pre-cooling area Baking of the particles can be cooled down to a sufficient temperature.
  • the pre-cooling area is located between the product gas inlet and the cylindrical radiation cooling walls.
  • the pre-cooling area can also be connected upstream of the radiation cooler. In both cases it can have special impact and / or calming surfaces.
  • the layer thickness of the flowing product gas in the cylinder layer flows for a high radiant heat exchange is physically determined: In this context, it must first be emphasized that the excited molecules and, in the presence of particles, the particles also contribute to the radiation of a gas. In the area of thin gas layers of the product gas, the rule applies that the radiant heat exchange increases monotonically with increasing thickness of the gas layer. Thin gas layers are those in which the dust content and the gas do not yet cause a disruptive shield for the radiation heat transfer even in the radiation heat exchange between a wall and the gas layer. In the area of thick gas volumes, the gas layers lying between gas layers of the product gas remote from the wall and the wall with which the radiant heat exchange takes place act like radiation shields.
  • thermodynamic approach the heat exchange by radiation between an isothermal, homogeneous thin gas layer and a cooling surface is treated, neglecting the transmission losses in the gas element under consideration.
  • the radiant heat exchange between gas and wall can be regarded approximately as a radiant exchange between two plates: q ⁇ ⁇ : heat flow density through radiation exchange ⁇ : total emissivity ⁇ : radiation constant for the black body T: temperatures of the gas or wall
  • the total emissivity ⁇ is calculated from the emissivity of the gas layer and that of the wall.
  • the extinction coefficient of the dust depends on the dust surface, its absorption capacity and the load.
  • the overall relationship for the heat flow density is:
  • a thick gas layer as a collection of several thin gas layers: think of a gas layer made up of various individual layers with a thickness of 1 / k parallel to the wall, whereby the one closest to the wall is designated 1, the most distant one with n. All individual layers are in an exchange of radiation with each other. It can be seen that the transmittance ⁇ , that is the proportion of the radiation which is not optically absorbed by the radiating gas element to the wall, depends strongly on the thickness of the gas layer irradiated.
  • the table shows the transmittance ⁇ between the wall and the seven gas layers closest to the wall. From this it follows that only the first three layers closest to the wall are in an effective radiation exchange with the wall. Radiation from layers far from the wall only exchange radiation with their neighboring gas layers. The gas layers away from the wall cannot give up their heat to the wall by direct radiant heat exchange, but only by exchanging radiation with gas layers closer to the wall. These exchange radiation with the next gas layer closer to the wall up to the gas layers near the wall, which radiate directly onto the wall. In other words, the gas layers lying between the gas layers remote from the wall and the wall itself act like radiation screens. It follows. that the heat decoupling due to radiation exchange between the gas and the wall decreases with increasing thickness of the gas layer, since the gas layers which are further away from the wall are more shielded from the wall.
  • the optimum value ⁇ is chosen as twice the gas layer thickness at which the emissivity is approximately 0.86.
  • This value which at the same time defines the radial distance between two mutually associated cylinder jackets of the radiation cooler according to the invention, is selected so that the gas flowing in the middle between two cylinder jackets is also in heat exchange with the wall of the cylinder jackets by gas and particle radiation.
  • a radiation cooler designed in this way then has the minimum heat transfer area. A range between 0.5 and 3.0 times the above-mentioned optimal value still leads to advantageously small heat transfer areas.
  • the method according to the invention should be carried out in such a way that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylinder layer flows which mainly consist of thin partial layers close to the wall in the sense of heat exchange by radiation between a gas and a wall.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention which has proven particularly useful when it is a product gas from coal pressure gasification, is characterized in that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylindrical layer currents, the layer thickness of which corresponds to approximately twice the thickness of a layer which has an emissivity of approximately 0.86.
  • the invention teaches that the central regions of the product gas flow are brought into contact with the cylindrical radiation cooling walls further downstream than the regions adjoining the radiation cooling jacket towards the outside. It is always advisable to conduct the product gas volume flow with a flow profile that is as free as possible from cross flows.
  • the overall flow shape can be set to be both laminar and turbulent.
  • the invention also relates to a radiation cooler which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method described.
  • its basic structure includes a cylindrical radiation cooling jacket, a product gas inlet arranged in the cylinder axis and a coaxially arranged outlet for the radiation-cooled product gas, additional radiation cooling walls being arranged in the region of the radiation cooling jacket.
  • the radiation cooler according to the invention is characterized in that the additional radiation cooling walls are designed as cylindrical radiation cooling walls and are arranged in the direction of flow of the product gas after a pre-cooling area concentrically with one another and with radial layer forming radial layer distances from the radiation cooling jacket and from one another.
  • the pre-cooling area is designed as an essentially rotationally parabolic, installation-free space, which adjoins the product gas inlet and becomes parabolically narrower downstream and is surrounded by the radiation cooling jacket, the cylindrical radiation cooling walls adjoining the pre-cooling area with their leading edges in accordance with the parabolic shape.
  • the radiation cooling jacket and the cylindrical radiation cooling walls, in the rest, in the direction of flow of the product gas have a length designed according to the laws of radiation cooling, so that the product gas is cooled down sufficiently.
  • the radiant heat exchange is particularly great in the sense of the invention if the cylindrical radiant cooling walls are at a distance from the radiant cooling jacket that is 0.5 times to 3 times the layer thickness specified in claim 3.
  • the radiation cooling walls will be arranged concentrically and equidistantly, the distance thus defined also corresponding to the distance of the corresponding radiation cooling wall from the radiation cooling jacket.
  • the distances can advantageously also be greater from the central axis of the radiation cooler, so that the same amount of heat exchange takes place on all radiation cooling walls. In other words, practically equal partial flows flow in the cylinder layer flows.
  • the 1 is basically cylindrical and has a cylindrical radiation cooling jacket 1, which is installed in a corresponding housing in a known manner.
  • the product gas inlet 2 is also arranged in the cylinder axis, and the outlet for the radiation-cooled product gas is located coaxially with it, not shown.
  • Additional radiation cooling walls are arranged in the area of the radiation cooling jacket 1. They are designed as cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 and are arranged concentrically to one another in the flow direction of the product gas after a pre-cooling zone 4, specifically with a radial distance A from the radiation cooling jacket 1 and from one another which forms cylindrical layer currents.
  • the pre-cooling area 4 is designed as an essentially rotationally parabolic, installation-free space.
  • the cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 are connected with their leading edges 5 to the pre-cooling area 4 in accordance with the parabolic shape. It is achieved in this way that the product gas volume flow through the cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 is divided into concentric cylinder layer flows, and that the layer thickness is set up for a high radiation heat exchange.
  • the areas of the product gas volume flow flowing into the radiation cooling walls 3 are cooled down in the pre-cooling area 4 to a temperature which sufficiently excludes the caking of the particles.
  • Fig. 2 shows a differently designed radiation cooler for performing the method according to the invention in a detail.
  • the radiation cooling jacket surrounding the concentric radiation cooling walls 3 is not shown.
  • 3 here designates two adjacent concentric and cylindrical radiation cooling walls arranged at a distance A from one another and shown by way of example for a larger number. All concentric radiant cooling walls 3 begin at the same height in the gasification reactor and the hot product gas flows around them.
  • the actual heat transfer surfaces 3 are each preceded by an impact and / or calming surface 6 or 7, the task of which is essentially not heat transfer, but rather the collection of the doughy particles and the Calming of the gas flow before entering the intermediate spaces between the radiation cooling walls 3.
  • the baffle surfaces 6 or calming surfaces 7 are in front of the heat transfer surfaces in alignment and can be mechanically connected to them or an extension part of these. They can be cleaned mechanically or pneumatically from adhering particles. However, it is more advantageous to reduce their thermal conductivity by sputtering with refractory material so that the impacting particles still have a surface temperature in the hot product gas stream, which allows them to drip off as liquid slag. This means that the impact surfaces or calming surfaces 6 and 7 begin at a height in the gasification reactor at which these particles are still sufficiently liquid.

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Abstract

In a process for radiant cooling of a product gas mass flow issuing from a gasification reactor, in particular from a gasification reactor for coal gasification under pressure, and loaded with particles in a cylindrical radiant cooler with a radiant cooling shell, the product gas mass flow is aligned into concentric cylindrical layer streams by means of cylindrical radiant cooling walls arranged at a distance from the radiant cooling shell. The regions of the product gas mass flow flowing towards the radiant cooling walls are cooled down to a temperature which adequately precludes caking of the particles. A radiant cooler for carrying out the process is also indicated. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Strahlungskühlung eines aus einem Vergasungsreaktor, insbesondere aus einem Vergasungsreaktor der Kohledruckvergasung, austretenden, mit Partikeln beladenen Pro­duktgasmengenstromes in einem zylindrischen Strahlungskühler mit Strahlungskühlmantel. Die Erfindung betrifft fernerhin einen für das Verfahren eingerichteten Strahlungskühler. Es versteht sich, daß der Strahlungskühler ein entsprechendes Gehäuse aufweist. Der Strahlungs­kühlmantel und weitere im Rahmen der Erfindung behandelte Strah­lungskühlwände bestehen in bekannter Weise aus Flossenwänden oder ähnlichen, z. B. kastenförmigen Konstruktionen. Im allgemeinen sind die Strahlungskühlwände und der Strahlungskühlmantel zum Zwecke der Abreinigung mit Klopfeinrichtungen oder dergleichen versehen. Bei den in einem Vergasungsreaktor ablaufenden Reaktionen zwischen dem Brennstoff, beisielsweise feinzerteilter Kohle oder anderen Kohlen­stoffträgern, und den Vergasungsmitteln wie Sauerstoff und gegebenen­falls Wasserdampf stellen sich Vergasungsendtemperaturen von ca. 1.200 bis 1.700° C ein. Regelmäßig führt ein Produktgasstrom, der aus einem solchen Vergasungsreaktor austritt, Aschepartikel mit, die bei diesen Temperaturen zu Anbackungen an den Produktgasstrom führen­den Wänden, Wärmetauscherwänden und Strahlungskühlwänden neigen. Die Strahlung eines solchen Produktgasstromes ist ein Gas- und Par­tikelstrahlung.The invention relates to a method for radiation cooling of a product gas quantity stream, which comes out of a gasification reactor, in particular from a gasification reactor of coal pressure gasification, and is laden with particles in a cylindrical radiation cooler with a radiation cooling jacket. The invention further relates to a radiation cooler set up for the method. It is understood that the radiation cooler has a corresponding housing. The radiation cooling jacket and other radiation cooling walls treated in the context of the invention consist in a known manner of fin walls or the like, e.g. B. box-shaped constructions. In general, the radiation cooling walls and the radiation cooling jacket are provided with tapping devices or the like for the purpose of cleaning. In the reactions taking place in a gasification reactor between the fuel, for example finely divided coal or other carbon carriers, and the gasification agents such as oxygen and possibly water vapor, final gasification temperatures of approximately 1,200 to 1,700 ° C. are reached. A product gas stream that emerges from such a gasification reactor regularly carries ash particles, which at these temperatures tend to stick to the product gas stream leading walls, heat exchanger walls and radiation cooling walls. The radiation from such a product gas stream is a gas and particle radiation.

Bei dem bekannten Verfahren, von dem die Erfindung ausgeht (DE 37 25 424), ragen im Bereich des Strahlungskühlmantels in den Produkt­ gasmengenstrom radiale Strahlungskühlwände hinein. Das vergrößert zwar die Wärmeübergangsflächen, die erreichte Strahlungskühlung ist jedoch verbesserungsbedürftig. Für eine vorgegebene Kühlleistung ist im Rahmen der bekannten Maßnahmen ein wenig kompakter, großvo­lumiger Strahlungskühler erforderlich.In the known method from which the invention is based (DE 37 25 424), project into the product in the region of the radiation cooling jacket flow of gas into the radial radiation cooling walls. Although this increases the heat transfer areas, the radiation cooling achieved needs to be improved. For a given cooling capacity, a somewhat compact, large-volume radiation cooler is required as part of the known measures.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches sich durch wesentlich verbesserte Strahlungsküh­lung auszeichnet und es erlaubt, mit gegenüber den bekannten Maß­nahmen verhäitnismäßig kompakten Strahlungskühlern zu arbeiten. Der Erfindung liegt fernerhin die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Strahlungs­kühler anzugeben, der für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders geeignet ist.In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide a method which is characterized by significantly improved radiation cooling and allows to work with radiation coolers that are relatively compact compared to the known measures. The invention is further based on the object of specifying a radiation cooler which is particularly suitable for the method according to the invention.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe lehrt die Erfindung, daß der Produktgas­mengenstrom durch mit Abstand von dem Strahlungskühlmantel angeord­nete zylindrische Strahlungskülwände in konzentrische Zylinderschicht­ströme aufgeteilt wird, deren Schichtdiche für einen hohen Strahlungs­wärmeaustausch eingereichtet wird, und daß die den Strahlungskühl­wänden zuströmenden Bereiche des Produktgasmengenstromes in einem Vorkühlbereich auf eine das Anbacken der Partikel ausreichend aus­schließende Temperatur herabgekühlt werden. Im allgemeinen befindet sich der Vorkühlbereich zwischen dem Produktgaseintritt und den zy­lindrischen Strahlungskühlwänden. Der Vorkühlbereich kann jedoch auch dem Strahlungskühler vorgeschaltet sein. Er kann in beiden Fäl­len besondere Prall- und/oder Beruhigungsflächen aufweisen.To achieve this object, the invention teaches that the product gas volume flow is divided by cylindrical radiation cooling walls arranged at a distance from the radiation cooling jacket into concentric cylindrical layer streams, the layer density of which is provided for a high level of radiant heat exchange, and that the areas of the product gas volume flow flowing into the radiation cooling walls are divided into one in a pre-cooling area Baking of the particles can be cooled down to a sufficient temperature. In general, the pre-cooling area is located between the product gas inlet and the cylindrical radiation cooling walls. However, the pre-cooling area can also be connected upstream of the radiation cooler. In both cases it can have special impact and / or calming surfaces.

Der Merkmal, daß die Schichtdicke des strömenden Produktgases in den Zylinderschichtströmen für einen hohen Strahlungswärmeustausch eingerichtet ist, ist physikalisch bestimmt: In diesem Zusammenhang ist zunächst zu betonen, daß zur Strahlung eines Gases die angeregten Moleküle und bei Anwesenheit von Partikeln auch die Partikel beitra­gen. Im Bereich dünner Gasschichten des Produktgases gilt die Regel, daß der Strahlungswärmeaustausch mit zunehmenden Dicke der Gas­schicht monoton zunimmt. Dünne Gasschichten sind solche, in denen der Staubgehalt und das Gas selbst im Strahlungswärmeaustausch zwi­schen einer Wand und der Gasschicht noch keine störende Abschirmung für den Strahlungswärmeübergang bewirken. Im Bereich dicker Gas­volumina wirken die zwischen wandfernen Gasschichten des Produkt­gases und der Wand, mit der der Strahlungswärmeaustausch stattfin­det, liegenden Gasschichten wie Strahlungsschirme. Die Wärmeauskupp­lung durch Strahlungsaustausch zwischen Gas und Wand nimmt inso­weit mit zunehmender Dicke des Gasvolumens ab, da die wandferneren Gasschichten durch das Gas selbst und die Partikel abgeschirmt wer­den. Superponiert man beide Phänomene, so führt dieses zu dem Er­gebnis, daß der Strahlungswärmeaustausch mit zunehmender Schicht­dicke für dünne Gasschichten zunimmt, während er für dicke Gas­schichten mit zunehmender Dicke abnimmt. Daraus folgt, daß es eine Schichtdicke geben muß, bei der der Strahlungswärmeaustausch maxi­mal wird. Wegen anderer physikalischer Parameter, die schwanken, stellt sich ein solcher Schichtdickenbereich ein. Die maximale Schicht­dicke läßt sich für ein vorgegebenes Produktgas experimentell un­schwer ermitteln. Das Merkmal "für einen hohen Strahlungswärmeau­tausch eingerichtet" meint im Rahmen der Erfindung, daß die Schicht­dicke von dem so ermittelten Wert nicht störend weit entfernt sein soll.The feature that the layer thickness of the flowing product gas in the cylinder layer flows for a high radiant heat exchange is physically determined: In this context, it must first be emphasized that the excited molecules and, in the presence of particles, the particles also contribute to the radiation of a gas. In the area of thin gas layers of the product gas, the rule applies that the radiant heat exchange increases monotonically with increasing thickness of the gas layer. Thin gas layers are those in which the dust content and the gas do not yet cause a disruptive shield for the radiation heat transfer even in the radiation heat exchange between a wall and the gas layer. In the area of thick gas volumes, the gas layers lying between gas layers of the product gas remote from the wall and the wall with which the radiant heat exchange takes place act like radiation shields. The heat decoupling caused by the exchange of radiation between gas and wall decreases with increasing thickness of the gas volume, since the gas layers away from the wall are shielded by the gas itself and the particles. Superposing both phenomena leads to the result that the radiant heat exchange increases with increasing layer thickness for thin gas layers, while it decreases with increasing thickness for thick gas layers. It follows from this that there must be a layer thickness at which the radiant heat exchange becomes maximum. Such a layer thickness range arises due to other physical parameters that fluctuate. The maximum layer thickness can easily be determined experimentally for a given product gas. The feature "set up for a high level of radiant heat exchange" means in the context of the invention that the layer thickness should not be disturbed far from the value determined in this way.

Die vorstehend erläuterten Zusammenhänge mit ihrem Optimierungsger­gebnis in bezug auf die Schichtdicke lassen sich mit dem folgenden thermodynamischen Ansatz verstehen. Zunächst wird der Wärmeaus­tausch durch Strahlung zwischen einer isothermen, homogenen dünnen Gasschicht und einer Kühlfläche unter Vernachlässigung der Trans­missionsverluste im betrachteten Gaselement behandelt. Der Strahlungs­wärmeaustausch zwischen Gas und Wand kann näherungsweise als Strahlungsaustausch zweier Platten aufgefaßt werden:

Figure imgb0001
q̇˝ : Wärmestromdichte durch Strahlungsaustausch
ε : Gesamtemissionsgrad
σ : Strahlungskonstante für den schwarzen Strahler
T : Temperaturen des Gases bzw. der WandThe relationships explained above with their optimization result in relation to the layer thickness can be understood with the following thermodynamic approach. First, the heat exchange by radiation between an isothermal, homogeneous thin gas layer and a cooling surface is treated, neglecting the transmission losses in the gas element under consideration. The radiant heat exchange between gas and wall can be regarded approximately as a radiant exchange between two plates:
Figure imgb0001
 q̇˝: heat flow density through radiation exchange
ε: total emissivity
σ: radiation constant for the black body
T: temperatures of the gas or wall

Der Gesamtemissionsgrad ε berechnet sich aus dem Emissionsgrad der Gasschicht und dem der Wand. Der Emissionsgrad der Gasschicht kann näherungsweise bestimmt werden zu
εgas = 1 - exp (- k δ)
mit:
k : Extinktionskoeffizient
δ : Dicke der GasschichtThe total emissivity ε is calculated from the emissivity of the gas layer and that of the wall. The emissivity of the gas layer can be approximately determined
ε gas = 1 - exp (- k δ)
With:
k: extinction coefficient
δ: thickness of the gas layer

Der Extinktionskoeffizient setzt sich näherungsweise additiv aus den Beiträgen des Staubes und der stralenden Gaskomponenten zusammen:
k = kstaub + kCO₂ + kH₂O + kCO + ...The extinction coefficient is approximately additive from the contributions of the dust and the shining gas components:
k = k dust + k CO₂ + k H₂O + k CO + ...

Der Extinktionskoeffizient des Staubes ist abhängig von der Staubober­fläche, ihrem Absorptionsvermögen und der Beladung. Für die Wärme­stromdichte ergibt sich damit insgesamt die Beziehung:

Figure imgb0002
The extinction coefficient of the dust depends on the dust surface, its absorption capacity and the load. The overall relationship for the heat flow density is:
Figure imgb0002

Sie zeigt die funktionelle Abhängigkeit des Strahlungswärmeaustrausches zwischen Gas und Wand von der Dicke der Gasschicht. Daraus folgt, daß für dünne Gasschichten der Strahlungswärmeaustausch mit zuneh­mender Dicke der Gasschicht monoton zunimmt.It shows the functional dependence of the radiant heat exchange between gas and wall on the thickness of the gas layer. It follows that for thin gas layers the radiant heat exchange increases monotonically with increasing thickness of the gas layer.

Die nächste Betrachtung behandelt eine dicke Gasschicht als Ansamm­lung mehrerer dünner Gasschichten: Man denke sich eine Gasschicht aus verschiedenen einzelnen Schichten mit der Dicke 1/k parallel zur Wand aufgebaut, wobei die der Wand am nächsten liegende mit 1, die entfernteste mit n bezeichnet werde. Alle einzelnen Schichten stehen miteinander im Strahlungsaustausch. Es zeigt sich, daß der Trans­missionsgrad τ , das ist der Anteil der Strahlung, der auf dem opti­schen Wege vom strahlenden Gaselement zur Wand nicht absorbiert wird, stark von der Dicke der durchstrahlten Gasschicht abhängt. Der Trans­missionsgrad τ zwischen der i-ten Gasschicht und der Wand berechnet unter Vernachlässigung der Transmissionsverluste in der i-ten Gas­schicht selbst zu
τ= exp (1 - i) i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 τ 1,00 0,368 0,135 0,05 0,018 0,007 0,003 The next consideration treats a thick gas layer as a collection of several thin gas layers: think of a gas layer made up of various individual layers with a thickness of 1 / k parallel to the wall, whereby the one closest to the wall is designated 1, the most distant one with n. All individual layers are in an exchange of radiation with each other. It can be seen that the transmittance τ, that is the proportion of the radiation which is not optically absorbed by the radiating gas element to the wall, depends strongly on the thickness of the gas layer irradiated. The transmittance τ between the i-th gas layer and the wall is calculated by neglecting the transmission losses in the i-th gas layer
τ = exp (1 - i) i 1 2nd 3rd 4th 5 6 7 τ 1.00 0.368 0.135 0.05 0.018 0.007 0.003

Die Tabelle zeigt den Transmissionsgrad τ zwischen der Wand und den sieben wandnächsten Gasschichten. Aus ihr folgt, daß nur die ersten drei wandnächsten Schichten in einem effiktiven Strahlungsaustausch mit der Wand stehen. Strahlung von wandfernen Schichten stehen nur im Strahlungsaustausch mit ihren benachbarten Gasschichten. Die wandfernen Gasschichten können ihre Wärme der Wand nicht durch direkten Strahlungswärmeaustausch abgeben, sondern nur, indem sie mit wandnäheren Gasschichten Strahlung austauschen. Diese tauschen wieder mit der nächsten wandnäheren Gasschicht Strahlung aus bis zu den wandnahen Gasschichten, die unmittelbar auf die Wand strahlen. Anders ausgedrückt wirken die zwischen den wandfernen Gasschichten und der Wand selbst liegenden Gasschichten wie Strahlungsschirme. Daraus folgt. daß die Wärmeauskopplung durch Strahlungsaustausch zwischen Gas und Wand mit zunehmender Dicke der Gasschicht abnimmt, da die wandferneren Gasschichten stärker von der Wand abgeschirmt werden.The table shows the transmittance τ between the wall and the seven gas layers closest to the wall. From this it follows that only the first three layers closest to the wall are in an effective radiation exchange with the wall. Radiation from layers far from the wall only exchange radiation with their neighboring gas layers. The gas layers away from the wall cannot give up their heat to the wall by direct radiant heat exchange, but only by exchanging radiation with gas layers closer to the wall. These exchange radiation with the next gas layer closer to the wall up to the gas layers near the wall, which radiate directly onto the wall. In other words, the gas layers lying between the gas layers remote from the wall and the wall itself act like radiation screens. It follows. that the heat decoupling due to radiation exchange between the gas and the wall decreases with increasing thickness of the gas layer, since the gas layers which are further away from the wall are more shielded from the wall.

Die Zusammenfassung beider Betrachtungen für dünne und für dicke Schichtdicken führt zu den unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen, daß der Strahlungswärmeaustausch mit zunehmender Schichtdicke für dünne Gasschichten zunimmt, während er für dicke Gasschichten abnimmt. Daraus folgt, daß es einen Schichtdickebereich gibt, bei dem der Strahlungswärmeaustausch maximal wird.The summary of both considerations for thin and thick layer thicknesses leads to the different results that the radiant heat exchange increases with increasing layer thickness for thin gas layers, while it decreases for thick gas layers. It follows that there is a layer thickness range in which the radiant heat exchange becomes maximum.

Aus den obigen Betrachtungen läßt sich dieser Wert nicht unmittelbar bestimmen. Der Optimalwert δ wird gewählt als der doppelte Betrag der Gasschichtdicke, bei der der Emissionsgrad etwa 0,86 beträgt.This value cannot be determined directly from the above considerations. The optimum value δ is chosen as twice the gas layer thickness at which the emissivity is approximately 0.86.

Die mathematische Abhängigkeit läßt sich ausdrücken:

Figure imgb0003
The mathematical dependency can be expressed:
Figure imgb0003

Dieser Wert der gleichzeitig den radialen Abstand zwischen zwei ein­ander zugeordneten Zylindermänteln des erfindungsgemäßen Strahlungs­kühlers festgelegt, wird gewählt, damit auch noch das in der Mitte zwischen zwei Zylindermänteln strömende Gas mit der Wand der Zylin­dermäntel im Wärmeaustausch durch Gas- und Partikelstrahlung steht. Ein so ausgelegter Strahlungskühler hat dann die minimale Wärmeüber­tragungsfläche. Ein Bereich zwischen dem 0,5- und 3.0fachen des oben genannten Optimalwertes führt noch zu vorteilhaft geringen Wärmeüber­tragungsflächen.This value, which at the same time defines the radial distance between two mutually associated cylinder jackets of the radiation cooler according to the invention, is selected so that the gas flowing in the middle between two cylinder jackets is also in heat exchange with the wall of the cylinder jackets by gas and particle radiation. A radiation cooler designed in this way then has the minimum heat transfer area. A range between 0.5 and 3.0 times the above-mentioned optimal value still leads to advantageously small heat transfer areas.

Im einzelnen bestehen im Rahmen der Erfindung mehrere Möglichkeitin der weiteren Ausbildung und Gestaltung. Grundsätzlich sollte das er­findungsgemäße Verfahren so geführt werden, daß der Produktgasmen­genstrom in Zylinderschichtströme aufgeteilt wird, die hauptsächlich aus im Sinne des Wärmeaustausches durch Strahlung zwischen einem Gas und einer Wand wandnahen, dünnen Teilschichten bestehen. Ein bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich besonders bewährt hat, wenn es sich um ein Produktgas aus der Kohledruckvergasung handelt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Produktgasmengenstrom in Zylinderschichtströme aufgeteilt wird, deren Schichtdicke etwa dem doppelten Betrag der Dicke einer Schicht entspricht, die einen Emissionsgrad von etwa 0,86 aufeweist. Um sicherzustellen, daß kein störendes Anbacken der Aschepartikel stattfindet lehrt die Erfindung, daß die zentralen Bereiche des Produktgasmengenstromes weiter strom­abwärts mit den zylindrischen Strahlungskühlwänden in Kontakt ge­bracht werden als die zum Strahlungskühlmantel hin nach außen an­schließenden Bereiche. Stets empfiehlt es sich, den Produktgasmengen­strom mit einem von Querströmungen möglichst freien Strömungsprofil zu führen. Dabei kann die Strömungsform insgesamt sowohl laminar­als auch turbulent eingestellt sein.In particular, there are several possibilities for further training and design within the scope of the invention. In principle, the method according to the invention should be carried out in such a way that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylinder layer flows which mainly consist of thin partial layers close to the wall in the sense of heat exchange by radiation between a gas and a wall. A preferred embodiment of the invention, which has proven particularly useful when it is a product gas from coal pressure gasification, is characterized in that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylindrical layer currents, the layer thickness of which corresponds to approximately twice the thickness of a layer which has an emissivity of approximately 0.86. In order to ensure that no annoying caking of the ash particles takes place, the invention teaches that the central regions of the product gas flow are brought into contact with the cylindrical radiation cooling walls further downstream than the regions adjoining the radiation cooling jacket towards the outside. It is always advisable to conduct the product gas volume flow with a flow profile that is as free as possible from cross flows. The overall flow shape can be set to be both laminar and turbulent.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt eine sehr kompakte Bauweise der entsprechenden Strahlungskühler. In diesem Zusammenhang ist Ge­genstand der Erfindung auch ein Strahlungskühler, der für die Durch führung des beschriebenen Verfahrens besonders geeignet ist. Zu seinem grundsätzlichen Aufbau gehören, neben dem Gehäuse, ein zylin­drischer Strahlungskühlmantel, ein in der Zylinderachse angeordneter Produktgaseintritt sowie ein koaxial dazu angeordneter Austritt für das strahlungsgekühlte Produktgas, wobei im Bereich des Strahlungs­kühlmantels zusätzliche Strahlungskühlwände angeordnet sind. Der er­findungsgemäße Strahlungskühler ist dabei dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dis zusätzlichen Strahlungskühlwände als zylindrische Strahlungs­kühlwände ausgeführt und in Strömungsrichtung des Produktgases nach einem Vorkühlbereich konzentrisch zueinander sowie mit Zylinderschicht­ströme bildenden radialem Abstand von dem Strahlungskühlmantel und voneinander angeordnet sind. Nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dabei der Vorkühlbereich als im wesentlichen rotations­parabolischer, einbautenfreier Raum ausgebildet, der an den Produkt­gaseintritt anschließt und stromabwärts parabelförmig enger wird so­wie von dem Strahlungskühlmantel umgeben ist, wobei die zylindri­schen Strahlungskühlwände mit ihren Anströmkanten nach Maßgabe der parabolischen Form an den Vorkühlbereich anschließen. Es versteht sich, daß der Strahlungskühlmantel sowie die zylindrischen Strahlungs­kühlwände im übrigen in Strömungsrichtung des Produktgases eine nach den Gesetzen der Strahlungskühlung ausgelegte Länge aufweist, so daß das Produktgas ausreichend weit herabgekühlt wird. Der Strah­lungswärmeaustausch ist dann im Sinne der Erfindung besonders groß, wenn die zylindrischen Strahlungskühlwände von dem Strahlungskühl­mantel einen Abstand aufweisen, der das 0,5-fache bis das 3-fache der im Anspruch 3 angegebenen Schichtdicke ausmacht. Im allgemeinen wird man die Strahlungskühlwände konzentrisch und äquidistant an­ordnen, wobei der so definierte Abstand auch mit dem Abstand der entsprechenden Strahlungskühlwand von dem Strahlungskühlmantel ent­spricht. Die Abstände können vorteilhaft jedoch auch zur Mittelachse des Strahlungskühlers größer werden, so daß an allen Strahlungskühl­wänden gleich großer Wärmeaustausch stattfindet. Anders ausgedrückt fließen in den Zylinderschichtströmen praktisch gleich große Teilmen­genströme.The method according to the invention allows a very compact design of the corresponding radiation cooler. In this context, the invention also relates to a radiation cooler which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method described. In addition to the housing, its basic structure includes a cylindrical radiation cooling jacket, a product gas inlet arranged in the cylinder axis and a coaxially arranged outlet for the radiation-cooled product gas, additional radiation cooling walls being arranged in the region of the radiation cooling jacket. The radiation cooler according to the invention is characterized in that the additional radiation cooling walls are designed as cylindrical radiation cooling walls and are arranged in the direction of flow of the product gas after a pre-cooling area concentrically with one another and with radial layer forming radial layer distances from the radiation cooling jacket and from one another. According to a preferred embodiment of the According to the invention, the pre-cooling area is designed as an essentially rotationally parabolic, installation-free space, which adjoins the product gas inlet and becomes parabolically narrower downstream and is surrounded by the radiation cooling jacket, the cylindrical radiation cooling walls adjoining the pre-cooling area with their leading edges in accordance with the parabolic shape. It goes without saying that the radiation cooling jacket and the cylindrical radiation cooling walls, in the rest, in the direction of flow of the product gas have a length designed according to the laws of radiation cooling, so that the product gas is cooled down sufficiently. The radiant heat exchange is particularly great in the sense of the invention if the cylindrical radiant cooling walls are at a distance from the radiant cooling jacket that is 0.5 times to 3 times the layer thickness specified in claim 3. In general, the radiation cooling walls will be arranged concentrically and equidistantly, the distance thus defined also corresponding to the distance of the corresponding radiation cooling wall from the radiation cooling jacket. However, the distances can advantageously also be greater from the central axis of the radiation cooler, so that the same amount of heat exchange takes place on all radiation cooling walls. In other words, practically equal partial flows flow in the cylinder layer flows.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausfüh­rungsbeispiel darstellen Zeichnung ausführlicher erläutert. Es zeinen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Ausschnitt aus einem Strahlungskühler, der für das er­findungsgemäße Verfahren eingerichtet ist,
  • Fig. 2 einen Ausschnitt aus einer anderen Ausführungsform eines sol­chen Strahlungskühlers.
In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing that represents only one exemplary embodiment. It draws:
  • 1 shows a section of a radiation cooler which is set up for the method according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail from another embodiment of such a radiation cooler.

Der Strahlungskühler nach Fig. 1 ist grundsätzlich zylindrisch aufge­baut und besitzt einen zylindrischen Strahlungskühlmantel 1, der auf bekannte Weise in ein entsprechendes Gehäuse eingebaut ist. In der Zylinderachse ist auch der Produktgaseintritt 2 angeordnet, koaxial dazu befindet sich, nicht gezeichnet, der Austritt für das strahlungs­gekühlte Produktgas. Im Bereich des Strahlungskühlmantels 1 sind zu­sätzliche Strahlungskühlwände angeordnet. Sie sind als zylindrische Strahlungskühlwände 3 ausgebildet und in Strömungsrichtung des Pro­duktgases nach einer Vorkühlzone 4 konzentrisch zueinander angeord­net, und zwar mit Zylinderschichtströme bildenden radialem Abstand A von dem Strahlungskühlmantel 1 und voneinander. Der Vorkühlbe­reich 4 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel als im wesentlichen rotationspara­bolischer, einbautenfreier Raum ausgebildet. Er schließt an den Pro­duktgaseintritt 2 an und wird stromabwärts parabelförmig enger. Er ist von dem Strahlungskühlmantel 1 umgeben, so daß die Vorkühlung durch ausreichend langen Strömungsweg erreicht wird. Die zylindri­schen Strahlungskühlwände 3 sind mit ihren Anströmkanten 5 nach Maßgabe der parabolischen Form an den Vorkühlbereich 4 angeschlos­sen. Man erreicht so, daß der Produktgasmengenstrom durch die zylin­drischen Strahlungskühlwände 3 in konzentrische Zylinderschichtströme aufgeteilt wird, und zwar wird deren Schichtdicke für einen hohen Strahlungswärmeaustausch eingerichtet. Die den Strahlungskühlwänden 3 zuströmenden Bereiche des Produktgasmengenstromes werden in den Vorkühlbereich 4 auf eine das Anbacken der Partikel ausreichend aus­schließende Temperatur herabgekühlt.1 is basically cylindrical and has a cylindrical radiation cooling jacket 1, which is installed in a corresponding housing in a known manner. The product gas inlet 2 is also arranged in the cylinder axis, and the outlet for the radiation-cooled product gas is located coaxially with it, not shown. Additional radiation cooling walls are arranged in the area of the radiation cooling jacket 1. They are designed as cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 and are arranged concentrically to one another in the flow direction of the product gas after a pre-cooling zone 4, specifically with a radial distance A from the radiation cooling jacket 1 and from one another which forms cylindrical layer currents. In the exemplary embodiment, the pre-cooling area 4 is designed as an essentially rotationally parabolic, installation-free space. It connects to the product gas inlet 2 and becomes parabolically narrower downstream. It is surrounded by the radiation cooling jacket 1, so that the pre-cooling is achieved by a sufficiently long flow path. The cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 are connected with their leading edges 5 to the pre-cooling area 4 in accordance with the parabolic shape. It is achieved in this way that the product gas volume flow through the cylindrical radiation cooling walls 3 is divided into concentric cylinder layer flows, and that the layer thickness is set up for a high radiation heat exchange. The areas of the product gas volume flow flowing into the radiation cooling walls 3 are cooled down in the pre-cooling area 4 to a temperature which sufficiently excludes the caking of the particles.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen anders gestalteten Strahlungskühler zur Durchfüh­rung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens im Ausschnitt. Der die konzen­trischen Strahlungskühlwände 3 umgebende Strahlungskühlmantel ist nicht dargestellt. Mit 3 sind hier zwei benachbarte, im beschriebenen Abstand A voneinander angeordnete konzentrische und zylindrische Strahlungskühlwände bezeichnet und beispielhaft für eine größere An­zahl dargestellt. Alle konzentrischen Strahlungskühlwände 3 beginnen in gleicher Höhe in dem Vergasungsreaktor und werden vom heißen Produktgas umströmt. Um zu verhindern, daß die Stirnflächen der Strahlungskühlwände 3 durch aufprallende teigige Partikel verbacken, ist den eigentlichen Wärmeübertragungsflächen 3 jeweils eine Prall- und/oder Beruhigungsfäche 6 bzw. 7 vorgeschaltet, deren Aufgabe im wesentlichen nicht Wärmeübertragung, sondern das Auffangen der tei­gigen Partikel und die Beruhigung der Gasströmung vor dem Eintritt in die Zwischenträume zwischen den Strahlungskühlwänden 3 ist. Die Prallflächen 6 oder Beruhigungsflächen 7 sind den Wärmeübertragungs­flächen fluchten vorgelagert und können mechanisch mit diesen ver­bunden oder ein Verlängerungsteil von diesen sien. Sie können mecha­nisch oder pneumatisch von anhalftenden Partikeln abgereinigt werden. Vorteilhafter ist es jedoch, durch Bestampfen mit feuerfestem Material ihre Wärmeleitfähigkeit so zu verringern, daß die aufprallenden Par­ikel im heißen Produktgasstrom noch eine Oberflächentemperatur besit­zen, die sie als flüssige Schlacke abtropfen läßt. Das bedingt, daß die Prallflächen bzw. Beruhigungsflächen 6 bzw. 7 in einer solchen Höhe in dem Vergasungsreaktor beginnen, in der diese Partikel noch genügend flüssig sind.Fig. 2 shows a differently designed radiation cooler for performing the method according to the invention in a detail. The radiation cooling jacket surrounding the concentric radiation cooling walls 3 is not shown. 3 here designates two adjacent concentric and cylindrical radiation cooling walls arranged at a distance A from one another and shown by way of example for a larger number. All concentric radiant cooling walls 3 begin at the same height in the gasification reactor and the hot product gas flows around them. In order to prevent the end faces of the radiation cooling walls 3 from baking due to impinging doughy particles, the actual heat transfer surfaces 3 are each preceded by an impact and / or calming surface 6 or 7, the task of which is essentially not heat transfer, but rather the collection of the doughy particles and the Calming of the gas flow before entering the intermediate spaces between the radiation cooling walls 3. The baffle surfaces 6 or calming surfaces 7 are in front of the heat transfer surfaces in alignment and can be mechanically connected to them or an extension part of these. They can be cleaned mechanically or pneumatically from adhering particles. However, it is more advantageous to reduce their thermal conductivity by sputtering with refractory material so that the impacting particles still have a surface temperature in the hot product gas stream, which allows them to drip off as liquid slag. This means that the impact surfaces or calming surfaces 6 and 7 begin at a height in the gasification reactor at which these particles are still sufficiently liquid.

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zur Strahlungskühlung eines aus einem Vergasungsreak­tor, insbesondere aus einem Vergassungsreaktor der Kohledruckvergasung, austretenden, mit Partikeln belandenen Produktgasmengenstromes in einem zylindrischen Strahlungskühler mit Strahlungskühlmantel, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß der Produktgasmengen­strom durch mit Abstand von dem Strahlungskühlmantel angeordnete zylindrische Strahlungskühlwände in konzentrische Zylinderschichtströme aufgeteilt wird, deren Schichtdicke für einen hohen Strahlungswärme­austausch eingerichtet wird, und daß die den Strahlungskühlwänden­zuströmenden Bereiche des Produktgasmengenstromes in einem Vorkühl­bereich auf eine das Anbacken der Partikel austreichend ausschließen de Temperatur herabgekühlt werden.1. A method for cooling radiation from a gasification reactor, in particular from a gasification reactor of coal pressure gasification, with particle-laden product gas volume flow in a cylindrical radiation cooler with radiation cooling jacket, characterized in that the product gas volume flow is divided into concentric cylinder cooling layers by means of cylindrical radiation cooling walls arranged at a distance from the radiation cooling jacket , the layer thickness of which is set up for a high level of radiant heat exchange, and that the areas of the product gas volume flow flowing into the radiant cooling walls are cooled down in a pre-cooling area to a temperature which sufficiently excludes the caking of the particles. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Pro­duktgasmengenstom in Zylinderschichtströme aufgeteilt wird, die hauptsächlich aus im Sinne des Wärmeaustausches durch Strahlung zwischen einem Gas und einer Wand wandnahen, dünnen Teilschichten bestehen.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylinder layer streams which mainly consist of thin partial layers close to the wall in the sense of heat exchange by radiation between a gas and a wall. 3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß der Produktgasmengenstrom in Zylinderschichtströme auf­geteilt wird, deren Schichtdicke etwa dem doppelten Betrag der Dicke einer Schicht entspricht, die einen Emissionsgtrad von etwa 0,86 auf­weist.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the product gas volume flow is divided into cylinder layer flows, the layer thickness of which corresponds to approximately twice the thickness of a layer which has an emission level of approximately 0.86. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die zentralen Bereiche des Produktgasmengenstromes weiter stromabwärts mit den zylindrischen Strahlungskühlwänden in Strah­lungswärmeaustausch treten als die zum Strahlungskühlmantel hin nach außen anschließenden Bereiche.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the central areas of the product gas volume flow occur further downstream with the cylindrical radiation cooling walls in radiant heat exchange than the areas adjacent to the radiation cooling jacket outwards. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Produktgasmengenstrom in einem von Querströmungen möglichst freien Strömungsprofil geführt wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the product gas volume flow is conducted in a flow profile which is as free as possible from cross-flows. 6. Strahlungskühler für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, - mit zylindrischem Strahlungskühlmantel, in Richtung der Zylinderachse angeordnetem Produktgaseintritt sowie ko­axial dazu angeordnetem Austritt für das strahlungsgekühlte Produkt­gas, wobei im Bereich des Strahlungskühlmantels zusätzliche Strah­lungskühlwände angeordnet sind, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die zusätzlichen Strahlungskühlwände als zy­lindrische Strahlungskühlwände (3) ausgebildet und in Strömungsrich­tung des Produktgases nach einem Vorkühlbereich (4) konzentrisch zu­einander sowie mit Zylinderschichtströme bildenden radialem Abstand (A) von dem Strahlungskühlmantel (1) und voneinander angeordnet sind.6. Radiation cooler for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, with a cylindrical radiation cooling jacket, product gas inlet arranged in the direction of the cylinder axis and coaxially arranged outlet for the radiation-cooled product gas, additional radiation cooling walls being arranged in the region of the radiation cooling jacket, characterized in that that the additional radiation cooling walls are designed as cylindrical radiation cooling walls (3) and are arranged in the flow direction of the product gas after a pre-cooling area (4) concentrically with one another and with radial layer (A) forming cylindrical layer currents from the radiation cooling jacket (1) and from one another. 7. Strahlungskühler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vorkühlbereich (4) als im wesentlichen rotationsparabolischer, einbautenfreier Raum ausgebildet ist, der an den Produktgaseintritt (2) anschließt und stromabwärts parabelförmig enger wird sowie von dem Strahlungskühlmantel (1) umgeben ist, und daß die zylindrischen Strahlungskühlwände (3) mit ihren Anströmkanten (5) nach Maßgabe der parabolischen Form an den Vorkühlbereich (4) anschließen.7. Radiation cooler according to claim 6, characterized in that the pre-cooling area (4) is designed as an essentially rotationally parabolic, installation-free space which adjoins the product gas inlet (2) and becomes parabolically narrower downstream and is surrounded by the radiation cooling jacket (1), and that the cylindrical radiation cooling walls (3) connect with their leading edges (5) to the pre-cooling area (4) in accordance with the parabolic shape. 8. Strahlungskühler nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der Strahlungskühlmantel (1) sowie die zylindri­schen Strahlungskühlwände (3) im übrigen in Strömungsrichtung des Produktgases eine nach den Gesetzen der Strahlungskühlung ausgeleg­te Länge aufweisen.8. Radiation cooler according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the radiation cooling jacket (1) and the cylindrical radiation cooling walls (3) in the rest in the flow direction of the product gas have a length designed according to the laws of radiation cooling. 9. Strahlungskühler nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die zylindrischen Strahlungskühlwände (3) von dem Strahlungskühlmantel (1) und voneinander einen Abstand (A) aufweisen, der das 0,5-flach bis 3-flach der im Anspruch 3 angegebenen Schicht­dicke ausmacht.9. Radiant cooler according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the cylindrical radiation cooling walls (3) from the radiation cooling jacket (1) and from each other a distance (A) which is the 0.5-flat to 3-flat of the claim 3 specified layer thickness. 10. Strahlungskühler nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Abstände (A) zwischen den zylindrischen Strah­lungskühlwänden (3) äquidistant ausgeführt sind oder zur Mittelachse hin größer werden.10. Radiation cooler according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the distances (A) between the cylindrical radiation cooling walls (3) are made equidistant or become larger towards the central axis. 11. Strahlungskühler nach einem der Ansprüche 6 sowie 8 bis 10, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die zylindrischen Strahlungskühlwände (3) in gleicher Höhe innerhalb des Vergasungsreaktors beginnen.11. Radiation cooler according to one of claims 6 and 8 to 10, characterized in that the cylindrical radiation cooling walls (3) begin at the same height within the gasification reactor. 12. Strahlungskühler nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bit 11, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß den zylindrischen Strahlungskühlwänden (3) Prall- und/oder Beruhigungsflächen (6, 7) vorgeschaltet sind.12. Radiation cooler according to one of claims 6 bit 11, characterized in that the cylindrical radiation cooling walls (3) baffle and / or calming surfaces (6, 7) are connected upstream.
EP89120659A 1988-12-30 1989-11-08 Process and radiation cooler for the radiation cooling of a product gas flow from a gasification reactor Expired - Lifetime EP0375894B1 (en)

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US5803937A (en) * 1993-01-14 1998-09-08 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Method of cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel

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DE3844347A1 (en) 1990-07-05
ES2031675T3 (en) 1992-12-16
DD291090A5 (en) 1991-06-20
ZA898262B (en) 1990-08-29
CN1024679C (en) 1994-05-25
DE58901247D1 (en) 1992-05-27
CN1043732A (en) 1990-07-11
TR24965A (en) 1992-07-29
US5143520A (en) 1992-09-01
EP0375894B1 (en) 1992-04-22

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