EP0341336B1 - Mould - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0341336B1
EP0341336B1 EP88107761A EP88107761A EP0341336B1 EP 0341336 B1 EP0341336 B1 EP 0341336B1 EP 88107761 A EP88107761 A EP 88107761A EP 88107761 A EP88107761 A EP 88107761A EP 0341336 B1 EP0341336 B1 EP 0341336B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
shutter
formwork elements
spacers
elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88107761A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0341336A1 (en
Inventor
István Dipl.-Ing. Szövényi
Andrea Dipl.-Ing. Czoch
Tamás Dipl.-Ing. Albert
Lajos Dipl.-Ing. Onodi Szabo
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP88107761A priority Critical patent/EP0341336B1/en
Priority to AT88107761T priority patent/ATE92570T1/en
Priority to DE8888107761T priority patent/DE3882976D1/en
Priority to ES88107761T priority patent/ES2043721T3/en
Publication of EP0341336A1 publication Critical patent/EP0341336A1/en
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Publication of EP0341336B1 publication Critical patent/EP0341336B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8611—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers being embedded in at least one form leaf
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element

Definitions

  • HU-A-173 309 "Method and installation for building structures", is also known; In the sense of the known proposal, the mass production of components of different dimensions is solved by setting the components and the adjustable production systems "in a double reference system".
  • the disadvantage of the first solution can be seen in the large number of auxiliary structures used for adjustment and in the demanding work involved in the adjustment, the advantage, however, is that the dimensional tolerance of the reinforcement can be easily coordinated with the dimensional tolerance of the formwork elements.
  • An advantageous characteristic of the second solution consists in the extensive reduction in the use of auxiliary structures; on the other hand, it is disadvantageous that the reinforcement is relatively overdimensioned, overdefined.
  • the dimensional tolerance of the reinforcement and that of the formwork elements are linked to each other, which leads to an excessive increase in the concrete cross-sections, which in turn makes it unlikely that the elements bound to the pre-assembled, welded iron skeleton will be cast in concrete without support or that the skeleton will be oversized.
  • a common disadvantage of the methods is the high number of constructions to be coordinated and the poor accuracy (production system, formwork elements, reinforcement, auxiliary construction installed on site, welded iron skeleton mounted on the construction site); a further deficiency is that the mutual precise arrangement of the mold formed by the inner surface of the formwork elements and the reinforcement has not yet been able to be solved, which is extremely important from the point of view of the small concrete cross sections and the continuity of the concrete coverings. An enlargement of the concrete cross sections or an oversizing of the reinforcement can lead to the loss of the favorable conditions of the construction.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a formwork for thin-walled reinforced concrete structures with precise dimensions and to design so that it can be assembled quickly and easily.
  • multipurpose spacer inserts are used in the hygroscopic formwork elements which form the surface of the construction and are generally made with gypsum as a binder, and the spacer inserts are based on the precise determination of the relative position of the steels to be inserted, the concrete and the formwork elements, the coordination and anchoring thereof are associated with assembly technology and / or static and / or building physics advantages, thereby making it possible to achieve the set goal.
  • the cavity system of the dry-assembled self-supporting surface construction which was created in this way and is delimited with formwork elements, is poured with low-viscosity concrete mortar.
  • the auxiliary structures used for adjustment (assembly) are unnecessary, since the reinforcement threaded through the spacer inserts combines the formwork elements into a single surface; at the same time, the exact positioning of the reinforcement at the predetermined location in the concrete cross-section is guaranteed.
  • the dimensional tolerance automatically adapts to the formwork elements. Determining the position of the reinforcement with the utmost precision creates the basis for refining the static planning and dimensioning (concrete covering is constant and uniform, corrosion and displacement in an unfavorable direction are excluded).
  • the spacer inserts embedded in the formwork elements can be made of different materials and of different shapes. A common characteristic is that they do not corrode, the desired location of the steel inlays is determined by the perforation of the inlays, the connection with the formwork elements is rigid, they can be produced with methods of high productivity.
  • connection between the reinforcement and formwork elements enables the following assembly methods: threading, snapping, hanging and bracing. If necessary, the spacer elements meet all requirements in connection with the spacing (doubling), the stiffening of the formwork elements, the shape of the concrete cross-section and the heat and sound insulation.
  • the spacer elements take part in the provisional load transfer (e.g. stiffening of the formwork elements) or in the final load transfer (e.g. bracket) or they support the steel inserts against shifts in the transverse direction; if necessary, the formwork elements bear the load.
  • the formwork elements have a flat outer surface; the inner surface is either flat or profiled. The size and weight are adapted to the manual material movement.
  • the following characteristic forms of the building constructions can be produced: reinforced concrete shells, ribbed plates, folded plate works, lattice works, box-like constructions, constructions with saving cavities.
  • Spatial constructions can be assembled from the flat surfaces with cell structure; If the open or closed cavities of the constructions are dimensioned accordingly, they can be made suitable for solving building physics tasks, for the purposes of installation technology, home furnishings.
  • the first manufacturing phase of the double-shell formwork element is the same as that of the single-shell formwork elements with the addition that in the second phase of manufacture the already set, provided with the spacer inserts first element is immersed with them in a plastic mass with gypsum as a binder.
  • Double-shell formwork elements are generally used to erect vertical surface structures. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the elements lined up next to one another are combined with horizontal and vertical steels 4 and 5 threaded or snapped into the spacer inserts 2 as reinforcements. Holes 7 are formed on one of the mutually perpendicular formwork elements along the connecting line. The reinforcement threaded through the holes or the concrete flowing through connects the two elements. A surface of the desired size can be put together from the elements, with the reinforcement being passed through the elements in the required number.
  • Single-shell formwork elements 1 are generally used for horizontal surface constructions.
  • connection of the vertical and horizontal formwork elements was designed similarly.
  • the horizontal reinforcement 4 is threaded into the spacer inserts 2 of the horizontal single-shell formwork element 1, which, threaded through the holes 7 of the vertical double-shell formwork elements 3, rests on its horizontal reinforcement 4.
  • the reinforced formwork elements in the vertical direction of the dry-mounted stable construction without support are poured out with thin concrete mortar 6 with a fine grain structure, or the concrete mortar 6 is spread on the horizontally positioned formwork elements.
  • the spacer insert not only stiffens the formwork elements, but also functions as a final load-bearing steel insert.
  • the spacer insert is a spatially curved galvanized iron mesh, the length of which corresponds to that of the boarding plaster element, or a perforated sheet metal strip is used for this purpose. In this way, it is generally sufficient to thread the rectified horizontal iron wires 4.
  • the latticework 8 increases the span limit during assembly several times without support.
  • the spacer insert 9 is prefabricated from a profiled compression-molded synthetic plate made of foam or silicate foam.
  • the two-way duct system with the wedges and holes that hold the reinforcement at a suitable distance is ideally suited for holding the steel inserts and for holding them up in an exact position.At the same time, a material-saving lattice structure is created, which increases the heat and sound insulation properties of the surface structure with a foam spacer insert.
  • the pressure of the poured or spread concrete is compensated for by the spacer inserts, which are combined with the reinforcement and hygroscopic formwork elements. Due to their solidification ability, they suck off the excess water to set and guarantee automatic post-treatment by keeping the concrete structure moist.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Method of making reinforced concrete structures of thin cross section using permanent formwork elements, concrete being poured between the formwork elements or spread onto the formwork elements in the course of the method. The method according to the invention can be characterised in that the relative precise position of the formwork elements and of the reinforcement is determined, co-ordinated and set for the individual stages of production, erection and concreting. This is achieved in that the formwork elements are provided with multi-purpose distance inserts (2) - plane-lattice pieces which are preferably prefabricated from corrosion-resistant material, stiffen the formwork elements and fix the reinforcement, folded or arched lattice surfaces, hollow perforated sheet-metal pieces ensuring the shape and the weight-reduction of the concrete cross section, folded or arched perforated sheet-metal surfaces, or profiled members also performing the heat- and sound-insulating function and made of plastic, silicate foam or other organic and inorganic materials or combinations thereof - and in that iron wires are passed through the distance inserts (2) of the formwork elements placed next to one another or above one another, expediently by threading through or snapping in, and an area which is ready for the pouring and is of the desired size and shape is produced, if desired from the self- supporting formwork elements. <IMAGE>

Description

Auf diesem Fachgebiet ist die Tätigkeit von Béla Sámsondi Kiss wohlbekannt, der die praktische und theoretische Basis des Verfahrens geschaffen hatte und diese im Buch "Gebäude mit Gewebestruktur" (Akademischer Verlag, Budapest, 1965) veröffentlichte. Der ungarische Urheberschein Nr. 1243 beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zur Erzeugung von mit Flachflächen begrenzten Betonhautprofilen durch Gießen bei kontinuierlichem Entzug des Wassergehalts des Betonmörtels während des Eingießens; die Lösung bezieht sich auf die Herstellung von starren Betonkonstruktionen. Die HU-A-168 108 bezieht sich auf ein "Verfahren zur Herstellung und Montage von mit Eisepbeton-Gitterwerk und Schale versteiften Baukonstruktionen mit Zellen"; in der Beschreibung wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gebäuden aus synthetischen Schäumen spezifiziert.The work of Béla Sámsondi Kiss, who created the practical and theoretical basis of the process and published it in the book "Building with tissue structure" (Academic Publishing House, Budapest, 1965), is well known in this field. The Hungarian copyright certificate No. 1243 describes a method and a system for producing concrete skin profiles limited by flat areas by pouring with continuous removal of the water content of the concrete mortar during pouring; the solution relates to the manufacture of rigid concrete structures. HU-A-168 108 relates to a "process for the production and assembly of structural structures with cells stiffened with ice-reinforced concrete lattice and shell"; the description specifies a method for producing buildings from synthetic foams.

Die HU-A-173 309, "Verfahren und Anlage zum Anlegen von Bauten", ist ebenfalls bekannt; im Sinne des bekannten Vorschlags wird die Massenproduktion der Bauelemente verschiedener Dimensionen durch die Einstellung der Bauelemente und der einstellbaren Fertigungsanlagen "in ein doppeltes Bezugssystem" gelöst.HU-A-173 309, "Method and installation for building structures", is also known; In the sense of the known proposal, the mass production of components of different dimensions is solved by setting the components and the adjustable production systems "in a double reference system".

Die beschriebenen Lösungen beanspruchen provisorische Tragkonstruktionen während des Zusammenbaus der Elemente. In der HU-A-181 119, "Verfahren zur Errichtung von Eisenbetonbauten", ist eine gewisse Lösung der Montagearbeiten beschrieben, bei der die provisorischen Tragkonstruktionen sich erübrigen und die dadurch gekennzeichnet werden kann, daß eine vorgefertigte, als Netz ausgestaltete Stahlkonstruktion verwendet wird und zunächst die steife räumliche, die strukturelle Bewehrung wenigstens eines Teils des Gebäudes bildende Skelettkonstruktion ausgestaltet wird.The solutions described claim provisional supporting structures during the assembly of the elements. In HU-A-181 119, "Process for the erection of reinforced concrete buildings", a certain solution to the assembly work is described, in which the provisional supporting structures are unnecessary and which can be characterized in that a prefabricated steel structure designed as a mesh is used and First the rigid spatial skeleton structure that forms the structural reinforcement of at least part of the building is designed.

Im Sinne der DE-A-26 36 531 werden die mit tellerartig sich erweiternden Abstandseinheiten verbundenen Verschalungselemente mit den Abstandseinheiten zusammengebaut, damit man eine größere Fläche erhält. Außer in Verbindung mit den Verschalungselementen können die Abstandseinheiten zu sonstigen Zwecken (z.B. zur Verankerung der Bewehrung) nicht verwendet werden.In the sense of DE-A-26 36 531, the formwork elements connected with plate-like widening spacer units are assembled with the spacer units so that a larger area is obtained. Except in connection with the formwork elements, the spacer units cannot be used for other purposes (e.g. for anchoring the reinforcement).

Die gemeinsame Charakteristik der bisher bekannten und angewendeten Lösungen besteht darin, daß in dem Negativ der verschiedenen verlorenen Verschalungselemente eine lasttragende Eisenbetonkonstruktion mit Dünnquerschnitt mit Gießbeton hergestellt wird.The common characteristic of the previously known and applied solutions is that in the negative of the various lost formwork elements, a load-bearing reinforced concrete construction with a thin cross section is produced with cast concrete.

Infolge der geringen Querschnitte sind die Maßgenauigkeit und das Volumen des zum Erreichen der Genauigkeit erforderlichen Zeitaufwands im Vergleich zu den traditionellen Eisenbetonkonstruktionen von äußerster Wichtigkeit.As a result of the small cross-sections, the dimensional accuracy and the volume of the time required to achieve the accuracy are of the utmost importance compared to the traditional reinforced concrete constructions.

Demnach kommen bei den beschriebenen bisher angewendeten Lösungen zweierlei Montageprinzipien zur Geltung:

  • 1. Die Verschalungselemente und die Bewehrung werden für die Dauer des Betongießens unter Zuhilfenahme von präzisen Hilfskonstruktionen befestigt, die darauffolgend demontiert und wiederverwendet werden.
  • 2. Die Betonbewehrung wird als eine das Verschalungselement tragende Hilfskonstruktion angewendet.
Accordingly, two assembly principles apply to the previously described solutions:
  • 1. The formwork elements and the reinforcement are fastened for the duration of the concrete casting with the aid of precise auxiliary structures, which are subsequently dismantled and reused.
  • 2. The concrete reinforcement is used as an auxiliary structure supporting the formwork element.

Der Nachteil der ersten Lösung zeigt sich in der hohen Anzahl der zur Einstellung dienenden Hilfskonstruktionen und in der anspruchsvollen Arbeit bei der Einstellung, der Vorteil hingegen besteht darin, daß die Maßtoleranz der Bewehrung leicht mit der Maßtoleranz der Verschalungselemente koordiniert werden kann.The disadvantage of the first solution can be seen in the large number of auxiliary structures used for adjustment and in the demanding work involved in the adjustment, the advantage, however, is that the dimensional tolerance of the reinforcement can be easily coordinated with the dimensional tolerance of the formwork elements.

Eine vorteilhafte Charakteristik der zweiten Lösung besteht in der weitgehenden Verminderung der Anwendung von Hilfskonstruktionen; hingegen ist es als nachteilig zu betrachten, daß die Bewehrung verhältnismäßig überdimensioniert, überdefiniert ist. Die Maßtoleranz der Bewehrung und die der Verschalungselemente sind aneinander gebunden, was zu einer übermäßigen Zunahme der Betonquerschnitte führt, was ihrerseits das Einbetonieren der auf das vormontierte, geschweißte Eisenskelett gebundenen Elemente ohne Unterstützung zweifelhaft macht oder die Überdimensionierung des Skeletts mit sich bringt.An advantageous characteristic of the second solution consists in the extensive reduction in the use of auxiliary structures; on the other hand, it is disadvantageous that the reinforcement is relatively overdimensioned, overdefined. The dimensional tolerance of the reinforcement and that of the formwork elements are linked to each other, which leads to an excessive increase in the concrete cross-sections, which in turn makes it unlikely that the elements bound to the pre-assembled, welded iron skeleton will be cast in concrete without support or that the skeleton will be oversized.

Ein gemeinsamer Nachteil der Verfahren zeigt sich in der hohen Anzahl der zu koordinierenden Konstruktionen und in der schlechten Genauigkeit (Fertigungsanlage, Verschalungselemente, Bewehrung, an Ort und Stelle montierte Hilfskonstruktion, auf der Baustelle montiertes geschweißtes Eisenskelett); ein weiterer Mangel besteht darin, daß die gegenseitige präzise Anordnung der von der Innenfläche der Verschalungselemente gebildeten Gießform und der Bewehrung bisher nicht gelöst werden konnte, was aus dem Gesichtspunkt der kleinen Betonquerschnitte und der Kontinuität der Betonbedeckungen von äußerster Wichtigkeit ist. Eine Vergrößerung der Betonquerschnitte oder eine Überdimensionierung der Bewehrung kann zum Verlust der günstigen Konditionen der Bauweise führen.A common disadvantage of the methods is the high number of constructions to be coordinated and the poor accuracy (production system, formwork elements, reinforcement, auxiliary construction installed on site, welded iron skeleton mounted on the construction site); a further deficiency is that the mutual precise arrangement of the mold formed by the inner surface of the formwork elements and the reinforcement has not yet been able to be solved, which is extremely important from the point of view of the small concrete cross sections and the continuity of the concrete coverings. An enlargement of the concrete cross sections or an oversizing of the reinforcement can lead to the loss of the favorable conditions of the construction.

Aus der GB-A-1223751 ist eine Schalung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 bekannt, bei welcher an jeder der Schalungswände blockförmige Abstandshalterhälften befestigt sind, die stumpf aneinandergesetzt werden und mit Hilfe von Bügeln miteinander verklammert werden, die durch seitliche Bohrungen in den Blöcken gesteckt werden. Von den aneinandergesetzten Abstandshalterhälften werden gemeinsam Durchgangsbohrungen zum Einfädeln von Bewehrungsdrähten gebildet. Jedoch ist es mit dieser Konstruktion nicht möglich, eine Schalung für sehr dünnwandige Strukturen ohne weitere Hilfsmittel zu erstellen.From GB-A-1223751 a formwork is known according to the preamble of claim 1, in which block-shaped spacer halves are attached to each of the formwork walls, which are butted together and clamped together with the help of brackets which are inserted through lateral holes in the blocks will. Through holes for threading reinforcement wires are jointly formed from the spacer halves placed next to one another. However, with this construction it is not possible to create formwork for very thin-walled structures without additional aids.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schalung für dünnwandige Eisenbetonkonstruktionen mit präzisen Abmessungen zu schaffen und so zu gestalten, daß sie schnell und einfach aufgebaut werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a formwork for thin-walled reinforced concrete structures with precise dimensions and to design so that it can be assembled quickly and easily.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 erreicht. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden durch die Merkmale in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.This is achieved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described by the features in the subclaims.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird eine korrekte technische Lösung ohne Hilfskonstruktionen mit einer einfachen und schnellen Montagetechnologie kombiniert.According to the invention, a correct technical solution without auxiliary structures is combined with simple and fast assembly technology.

Gemäß der Erfindung werden in die die Oberfläche der Konstruktion bildenden, hygroskopischen, im allgemeinen mit Gips als Bindemittel gefertigten Verschalungselemente im Verlaufe der Herstellung mehrzweckige Abstandseinlagen eingesetzt und die Abstandseinlagen sind über die genaue Bestimmung der relativen Position der einzulegenden Stähle, des Betons und der Verschalungselemente, die Koordinierung und Verankerung derselben mit montagetechnologischen und/oder statischen und/oder bauphysikalischen Vorteilen verbunden, wodurch das Erreichen des gesetzten Ziels ermöglicht wird.According to the invention, multipurpose spacer inserts are used in the hygroscopic formwork elements which form the surface of the construction and are generally made with gypsum as a binder, and the spacer inserts are based on the precise determination of the relative position of the steels to be inserted, the concrete and the formwork elements, the coordination and anchoring thereof are associated with assembly technology and / or static and / or building physics advantages, thereby making it possible to achieve the set goal.

Eine wesentliche Charakteristik der erfindungsgemäßen Schalung zeigt sich insbesondere darin, daß wir mit Hilfe der mehrzweckigen Abstandseinlagen zugleich den Betonquerschnitt, die relative Position und Dimension der Bewehrung und der Verschalungselemente bestimmen, präzisieren, koordinieren und festlegen, wonach wir mit den durch die Einlagen geführten Bewehrungen zum Gießen bereitgestellte Flächen von beliebiger Größe und Form zustandebringen.An essential characteristic of the formwork according to the invention is particularly evident in the fact that, with the aid of the multi-purpose spacer inserts, we simultaneously determine, specify, coordinate and determine the concrete cross-section, the relative position and dimension of the reinforcement and the formwork elements, according to which we use the reinforcements guided through the inserts to Pouring made available surfaces of any size and shape.

Im Sinne der Erfindung werden die mit Abstandseinlagen versehenen Verschalungselemente auf zweierlei Weise zusammengebaut:

  • durch die Abstandseinlage der nebeneinander - bzw. übereinandergereihten Elemente werden in einer oder mehreren Richtungen Stahldrähte eingefädelt bzw. eingeschnappt;
  • die mit den Abstandseinlagen versehenen Elemente werden an das die Bewehrung der Betonkonstruktion bildende Skelett aufgehängt (die einander kreuzenden Drähte des Skeletts stehen miteinander in einer Gleitverbindung.
For the purposes of the invention, the formwork elements provided with spacer inserts are assembled in two ways:
  • steel wires are threaded or snapped in one or more directions through the spacing of the elements which are arranged next to one another or one above the other;
  • the elements with the spacer inserts are suspended from the skeleton forming the reinforcement of the concrete structure (the wires of the skeleton crossing each other are in a sliding connection with one another.

Das derart zustandegekommene, mit Verschalungselementen begrenzte Hohlraumsystem der trockenmontierten selbsttragenen Flächenkonstruktion wird mit dünnflüssigem Betonmörtel ausgegossen. Auf diese Weise erübrigen sich die zur Einstellung (Montage) dienenden Hilfskonstruktionen, da die durch die Abstandseinlagen hindurchgefädelte Bewehrung die Verschalungselemente in eine einzige Fläche zusammenfaßt; gleichzeitig ist die genaue Positionierung der Bewehrung an der vorbestimmten Stelle im Betonquerschnitt gewährleistet. Im Hinblick darauf, daß die Bewehrung aus linearen Elementen besteht, paßt sich die Maßtoleranz automatisch an die Verschalungselemente an. Die Bestimmung der Position der Bewehrung mit höchster Genauigkeit schafft die Basis zur Verfeinerung der statischen Planung und der Dimensionierung (Betonbedeckung ist konstant und gleichmäßig, Korrosion und Verschiebung in ungünstiger Richtung sind ausgeschlossen).The cavity system of the dry-assembled self-supporting surface construction, which was created in this way and is delimited with formwork elements, is poured with low-viscosity concrete mortar. In this way, the auxiliary structures used for adjustment (assembly) are unnecessary, since the reinforcement threaded through the spacer inserts combines the formwork elements into a single surface; at the same time, the exact positioning of the reinforcement at the predetermined location in the concrete cross-section is guaranteed. In view of the fact that the reinforcement consists of linear elements, the dimensional tolerance automatically adapts to the formwork elements. Determining the position of the reinforcement with the utmost precision creates the basis for refining the static planning and dimensioning (concrete covering is constant and uniform, corrosion and displacement in an unfavorable direction are excluded).

Die in die Verschalungselemente eingebetteten Abstandseinlagen können aus verschiedenen Materialien und von verschiedenen Formen sein. Eine gemeinsame Charakteristik besteht darin, daß sie nicht korrodieren, die gewünschte Stelle der Stahleinlagen wird durch die Perforation der Einlagen bestimmt, die Verbindung mit den Verschalungselementen ist steif, sie können mit Verfahren von hoher Produktivität erzeugt werden.The spacer inserts embedded in the formwork elements can be made of different materials and of different shapes. A common characteristic is that they do not corrode, the desired location of the steel inlays is determined by the perforation of the inlays, the connection with the formwork elements is rigid, they can be produced with methods of high productivity.

Die Verbindung zwischen Bewehrung und Verschalungselementen ermöglicht die folgenden Montageweisen: Einfädeln, Einschnappen, Einhängen und Verspannen. Gegebenennfalls befriedigen die Abstandselemente alle Anforderungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Abstandshalten (Verdoppelung), der Versteifung der Verschalungselemente, der Formgebung des Betonquerschnittes und der Wärme- und Schallisolierung.The connection between the reinforcement and formwork elements enables the following assembly methods: threading, snapping, hanging and bracing. If necessary, the spacer elements meet all requirements in connection with the spacing (doubling), the stiffening of the formwork elements, the shape of the concrete cross-section and the heat and sound insulation.

Die Abstandselemente nehmen in Abhängigkeit von dem Grundstoff, der Größe, der Anordnungshäufigkeit und der Art und Weise der Positionierung an der provisorischen Lastabtragung (z.B. Versteifung der Verschalungselemente) bzw. an der endgültigen Lastabtragung (z.B. Verbügelung) teil oder sie stützen die Stahleinlagen gegenüber Verschiebungen in der Querrichtung; gegebenenfalls tragen die Verschalungselemente die Last ab. Im allgemeinen weisen die Verschalungselemente eine ebene Außenfläche auf; die Innenfläche ist entweder eben oder profiliert. Größe und Gewicht werden an die manuelle Materialbewegung angepaßt.Depending on the basic material, the size, the arrangement frequency and the manner of positioning, the spacer elements take part in the provisional load transfer (e.g. stiffening of the formwork elements) or in the final load transfer (e.g. bracket) or they support the steel inserts against shifts in the transverse direction; if necessary, the formwork elements bear the load. In general, the formwork elements have a flat outer surface; the inner surface is either flat or profiled. The size and weight are adapted to the manual material movement.

Verschalungselemente sind in zwei grundsätzlichen Arten bekannt:

  • zweischaliges Element, zum vertikalen Betongießen,
  • einschalig, zum horizontalen Betonausbreiten.
Formwork elements are known in two basic types:
  • double-shell element, for vertical concrete casting,
  • single-layer, for horizontal concrete spreading.

Unter Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können die folgenden charakteristischen Formen der Gebäudekonstruktionen erzeugt werden: Eisenbetonschalen, gerippte Platten, gefaltete Plattenwerke, Gitterwerke, kastenartige Konstruktionen, Konstruktionen mit Sparhohlräumen.Using the method according to the invention, the following characteristic forms of the building constructions can be produced: reinforced concrete shells, ribbed plates, folded plate works, lattice works, box-like constructions, constructions with saving cavities.

Aus den ebenen Flächen mit Zellenstruktur können räumliche Konstruktionen zusammengebaut werden; wenn nun die offenen oder geschlossenen Hohlräume der Konstruktionen entsprechend dimensioniert werden, können diese zur Lösung von bauphysikalischen Aufgaben, zu Zwecken der Installationstechnik, Wohnungseinrichtung geeignet gemacht werden. Im Sinne des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können wir das Objekt auf der Baustelle aus an Ort und Stelle vorgefertigten Elementen, aus werkseitig vorgefertigten Elementen im Werk, oder aus werkseitig vorgefertigten Elementen an Ort und Stelle gleicherweise errichten.Spatial constructions can be assembled from the flat surfaces with cell structure; If the open or closed cavities of the constructions are dimensioned accordingly, they can be made suitable for solving building physics tasks, for the purposes of installation technology, home furnishings. In the sense of the method according to the invention, we can equally construct the object on the construction site from elements prefabricated on site, from elements prefabricated in the factory, or from elements prefabricated at the site.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen 1 - 7 näher erläutert.The solution according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-7.

Als erstes Ausführungsbeispiel beschreiben wir unter Bezugnahme auf Fig. 1 und 2 eine einfache Realisierungsweise.As a first embodiment, we describe a simple implementation with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Im Verlaufe der Herstellung des einschaligen Verschalungselementes gießen wir eine gipsgebundene Masse in die formgebende Schablone, in die die aus Kunststoff vorgefertigten Abstandseinlagen 2 eingetaucht werden. Die erste Fertigungsphase des zweischaligen Verschalungselements ist mit jener der einschaligen Verschalungselemente übereinstimmend mit der Ergänzung, daß in der zweiten Phase der Herstellung das bereits abgebundene, mit den Abstandseinlagen versehene erste Element mit diesen in eine plastische Masse mit Gips als Bindemittel eingetaucht wird.In the course of the manufacture of the single-shell formwork element, we pour a gypsum-bonded mass into the shaping template into which the spacer inserts 2, which are prefabricated from plastic, are immersed. The first manufacturing phase of the double-shell formwork element is the same as that of the single-shell formwork elements with the addition that in the second phase of manufacture the already set, provided with the spacer inserts first element is immersed with them in a plastic mass with gypsum as a binder.

Zur Errichtung von vertikalen Flächenkonstruktionen verwendet man im allgemeinen zweischalige Verschalungselemente. Wie aus der Figur 7 ersichtlich, werden die nebeneinandergereihten Elemente mit in die Abstandseinlagen 2 eingefädelten oder eingeschnappten horizontalen und vertikalen Stählen 4 bzw. 5 als Bewehrungen vereinigt. Auf einem der aufeinander senkrecht stehenden Verschalungselemente werden entlang der Verbindungslinie die Löcher 7 ausgestaltet. Die durch die Löcher hindurchgefädelte Bewehrung bzw. der hindurchfließende Beton verbindet die beiden Elemente. So kann aus den Elementen eine Fläche in der gewünschten Größe zusammengestellt werden, wobei die Bewehrung durch die Elemente in der erforderlichen Zahl hindurchgeführt wird.Double-shell formwork elements are generally used to erect vertical surface structures. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the elements lined up next to one another are combined with horizontal and vertical steels 4 and 5 threaded or snapped into the spacer inserts 2 as reinforcements. Holes 7 are formed on one of the mutually perpendicular formwork elements along the connecting line. The reinforcement threaded through the holes or the concrete flowing through connects the two elements. A surface of the desired size can be put together from the elements, with the reinforcement being passed through the elements in the required number.

Für horizontale Flächenkonstruktionen werden im allgemeinen einschalige Verschalungselemente 1 angewendet.Single-shell formwork elements 1 are generally used for horizontal surface constructions.

Der Anschluß der vertikalen und horizontalen Verschalungselemente wurde ähnlich ausgebildet. In die Abstandeinlagen 2 des horizontalen einschaligen Verschalungselements 1 wird die horizontale Bewehrung 4 eingefädelt, welche durch die Löcher 7 der vertikalen zweischaligen Verschalungselemente 3 hindurchgefädelt auf deren horizontale Bewehrung 4 aufliegt.The connection of the vertical and horizontal formwork elements was designed similarly. The horizontal reinforcement 4 is threaded into the spacer inserts 2 of the horizontal single-shell formwork element 1, which, threaded through the holes 7 of the vertical double-shell formwork elements 3, rests on its horizontal reinforcement 4.

Die in vertikaler Richtung stehenden bewehrten Verschalungselemente der derart trockenmontierten stabilen Konstruktion ohne Unterstützung werden mit dünnem Betonmörtel 6 mit feiner Kornstruktur ausgegossen bzw. es wird auf den horizontal positionierten Verschalungselementen der Betonmörtel 6 ausgebreitet.The reinforced formwork elements in the vertical direction of the dry-mounted stable construction without support are poured out with thin concrete mortar 6 with a fine grain structure, or the concrete mortar 6 is spread on the horizontally positioned formwork elements.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 und 4 werden von der Abstandseinlage nicht nur die Verschalungselemente versteift, sondern sie funktioniert auch als endgültige lasttragende Stahleinlage.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the spacer insert not only stiffens the formwork elements, but also functions as a final load-bearing steel insert.

Nun verfahren wir nach dem Beschriebenen mit dem einzigen Unterschied, daß in diesem Fall die Abstandseinlage ein räumlich gebogenes verzinktes Eisennetz ist, dessen Länge der des verschalenden Gipselements entspricht, oder zu diesem Zwecke ein perforierter Blechstreifen eingesetzt wird. Auf diese Weise genügt es im allgemeinen, die gleichgerichteten horizontalen Eisendrähte 4 einzufädeln. Beim Betonieren der horizontalen Platten ist es als vorteilhaft zu betrachten, daß das Gitterwerk 8 die Spannweitegrenze bei der Montage ohne Unterstützung auf das Mehrfache erhöht.Now we proceed as described with the only difference that in this case the spacer insert is a spatially curved galvanized iron mesh, the length of which corresponds to that of the boarding plaster element, or a perforated sheet metal strip is used for this purpose. In this way, it is generally sufficient to thread the rectified horizontal iron wires 4. When concreting the horizontal slabs, it is to be regarded as advantageous that the latticework 8 increases the span limit during assembly several times without support.

Mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 5 und 6 wird die Funktion der Abstandseinlagen hinsichtlich der Formgebung des Betonquerschnitts sowie der Wärme- und Schallisolierung erläutert. Das Verfahren ist mit dem im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 und 2 Beschriebenen übereinstimmend, aber mit dem Unterschied, daß die Abstandseinlage 9 aus einer profilierten formgepreßten synthetischen Platte aus Schaum oder Silikatschaum vorgefertigt ist. Das zweiwegige Kanalsystem mit den die Bewehrung in entsprechender Distanz haltenden Keilen und Bohrungen ist zur Aufnahme der Stahleinlagen und zum Aufrechthalten in genauer Position bestens geeignet, gleichzeitig entsteht ein materialersparendes Gitterwerk, das bei einer Abstandseinlage aus Schaumstoff die Wärme- und Schallisolierfähigkeit der Flächenstruktur erhöht.5 and 6, the function of the spacer inserts with regard to the shape of the concrete cross section and the heat and sound insulation is explained. The method is the same as that described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, but with the difference that the spacer insert 9 is prefabricated from a profiled compression-molded synthetic plate made of foam or silicate foam. The two-way duct system with the wedges and holes that hold the reinforcement at a suitable distance is ideally suited for holding the steel inserts and for holding them up in an exact position.At the same time, a material-saving lattice structure is created, which increases the heat and sound insulation properties of the surface structure with a foam spacer insert.

Der Druck des eingegossenen bzw. ausgebreiteten Betons wird von den mit Abstandseinlagen versehenen, mit der Bewehrung vereingten hygroskopischen Verschalungselementen kompensiert; infolge ihrer Erstarrungsfähigkeit saugen sie zum Abbinden den überflüssigen Wasserüberschuß ab und gewährleisten durch Feuchthalten der Betonkonstruktion eine automatische Nachbehandlung.The pressure of the poured or spread concrete is compensated for by the spacer inserts, which are combined with the reinforcement and hygroscopic formwork elements. Due to their solidification ability, they suck off the excess water to set and guarantee automatic post-treatment by keeping the concrete structure moist.

Der Vorteil des Verfahrens zeigt sich darin, daß durch das Einfügen der Abstandseinlagen ein maßgenauer Betonquerschnitt mit einfachen Mitteln gewährleistet ist, die zur Montage erforderliche Arbeitszeit wird radikal verkürzt, eine einstellende unterstützende Konstruktion erübrigt sich.The advantage of the method is shown in the fact that by inserting the spacer inserts, a dimensionally accurate concrete cross-section is ensured with simple means, the working time required for assembly is radically shortened, and there is no need for a supporting structure.

Auf diese Weise können die Konstruktionen in Massenfertigung wirtschaftlich erzeugt werden, wobei die allgemeinen Vorteile beibehalten werden: geringer Bedarf an Energie und Material sowie die Möglichkeit zur freien architektonischen Formgebung.In this way, the structures can be mass-produced economically, while maintaining the general advantages: low energy and material requirements and the possibility of free architectural design.

Claims (7)

  1. Shuttering composed of several elements for the manufacture of thin-walled reinforced concrete structures wherein the shutter elements (1, 3) constitute a lost shuttering connected firmly and permanently to the concrete after the concrete work, at least one shutter element (3) comprising two shutter walls extending parallel to each other, the space between the shutter walls being adapted to be filled with concrete, the two shutter walls being firmly connected to each other through respective spacers (2, 8, 9) arranged such as to allow reinforcement wires (4) to be inserted or snapped therein for fixed positioning, the spacers (2, 8, 9) and reinforcement wires (4) being clad in the concrete after filling thereof, characterised in that the spacers (2, 8, 9) are arranged to carry load and are each rigidly connected to both shutter walls such that the self-supporting shutter elements (1, 3) are connected to each other only through the inserted reinforcement wires (4) and assembled in a fixed relative position without any other structural means, and that the shutter walls consist of gypsum, or a hygroscopic material combined with gypsum, to absorb the superfluous water surplus for curing of the concrete while ensuring automatic further curing by keeping the concrete structure moist.
  2. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one further shutter element (1) comprises only one shutter wall to which spacers (2, 8, 9) are rigidly connected that are arranged such as to allow reinforcement wires (4) to be inserted or snapped therein for fixed positioning.
  3. Shuttering according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spacers (2, 8, 9) are three-dimensionally bent galvanized iron networks (2) extending from the plane of the shutter walls.
  4. Shuttering according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spacers (2, 8, 9) are bent V-shaped pieces of flat lattice.
  5. Shuttering according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spacers (2, 8, 9) consist of profiled members or a profiled, compression-moulded synthetic plate from silicate foam whereby the spacers (9) also provide thermal and acoustical insulation.
  6. Shuttering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shutter elements (1, 3) and the spacers (2, 8, 9) are connected to each other in the course of a drying process by gluing and casting.
  7. Shuttering according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in the case of two shutter elements arranged perpendicular to one another, one shutter element comprises through holes (7) through which concrete can flow and through which the reinforcement wires (4) inserted or snapped in the spacers of the other shutter element are guided.
EP88107761A 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 Mould Expired - Lifetime EP0341336B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88107761A EP0341336B1 (en) 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 Mould
AT88107761T ATE92570T1 (en) 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 FORMWORK.
DE8888107761T DE3882976D1 (en) 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 FORMWORK.
ES88107761T ES2043721T3 (en) 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 FORMWORK.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88107761A EP0341336B1 (en) 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 Mould

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0341336A1 EP0341336A1 (en) 1989-11-15
EP0341336B1 true EP0341336B1 (en) 1993-08-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88107761A Expired - Lifetime EP0341336B1 (en) 1988-05-13 1988-05-13 Mould

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EP (1) EP0341336B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE92570T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3882976D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2043721T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HUH3533A (en) * 1988-11-22 1991-03-28 Guenter Hotz Reinforced concrete lamellated supporting structure, method for producing same as well as reinforced concrete panel, cradling tray and method for producing reinforced concrete casket panel of twin plate
CA2316238C (en) * 1997-12-24 2006-06-13 Delta-Tie, Inc. Structural tie shear connector for concrete and insulation sandwich walls
CN100412295C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-08-20 邱则有 Stereo force bearing shuttering for steel concrete
CN100408780C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-08-06 邱则有 Three-dimensional force-bearing shuttering for steel reinforced concrete
CN100408783C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-08-06 邱则有 Stereo force bearing shuttering for steel concrete
CN100408782C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-08-06 邱则有 Stereo force bearing shuttering for steel reinforced concrete
CN100370097C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-02-20 邱则有 Stereo force bearing shuttering for steel concrete
CN100441798C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-12-10 邱则有 Stereo bearing shuttering for reinforced concrete
CN100419179C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-09-17 邱则有 Three dimensional bearing formwork for reinforced concrete
CN100408775C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-08-06 邱则有 Steel reinforced concrete three-dimensional force-bearing structure floorslab
CN100445493C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-12-24 邱则有 3D force bearing mould case for steel reinforced concrete
CN100368644C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-02-13 邱则有 Steteo force bearing shuttering for steel concrete
CN101240571B (en) * 2002-04-30 2012-11-28 湖南邱则有专利战略策划有限公司 Three-dimensional force-bearing formwork for reinforced concrete
CN100564732C (en) * 2002-04-30 2009-12-02 邱则有 A kind of stereo froce bearing form work for reinforced concrete
CN100412294C (en) * 2002-04-30 2008-08-20 邱则有 Stereo force bearing shuttering for steel concrete
CN100560898C (en) * 2002-04-30 2009-11-18 邱则有 A kind of reinforcing-bar three-dimensional bearing roof
FR2875833B1 (en) 2004-09-24 2007-07-06 Ceprotek Sa BANK ELEMENT FOR PRODUCING MOLDED PANEL AND BANK STRUCTURE OBTAINED BY ASSEMBLING SUCH ELEMENTS
US20210148078A1 (en) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-20 J. Brent Burton Fillable, Stay-In Place Footer, Wall and Roof Forms with a Quick Fastening System that is an insertable or snap Together and has One Pour Footer to Eave and/or Ridge Capabilities
CN113404288A (en) * 2021-05-21 2021-09-17 中冶天工集团有限公司 Special-shaped curved surface structure bare concrete combined template

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GB1223751A (en) * 1968-01-04 1971-03-03 Stafford Concrete Products Ltd Building with incorporated shuttering
DE6603494U (en) * 1968-01-23 1969-10-02 Georg Hubmann PREFABRICATED REINFORCED CONCRETE SHELL FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF CONCRETE BODIES WITH CASING CONCRETE
DE2139197A1 (en) * 1971-08-05 1973-02-22 Konrad Schweiker Prefabricated building components - with lost forms incorporated for subsequent fill with concrete
DE2232244C2 (en) * 1972-06-30 1974-08-08 Tempes Geb. Manthey, Erna, 8000 Muenchen Device for attaching permanent shuttering panels to a concrete wall or the like
DE3206163A1 (en) * 1982-02-20 1983-09-01 Helmut 7812 Bad Krozingen Keck Building element
ATE57221T1 (en) * 1984-04-06 1990-10-15 Gruber Eva Maria REINFORCED CONCRETE CEILING.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0341336A1 (en) 1989-11-15
DE3882976D1 (en) 1993-09-09
ES2043721T3 (en) 1994-01-01
ATE92570T1 (en) 1993-08-15

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