EP0330595B1 - Sailing vessel equipped with a lifting and righting device - Google Patents
Sailing vessel equipped with a lifting and righting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0330595B1 EP0330595B1 EP89440016A EP89440016A EP0330595B1 EP 0330595 B1 EP0330595 B1 EP 0330595B1 EP 89440016 A EP89440016 A EP 89440016A EP 89440016 A EP89440016 A EP 89440016A EP 0330595 B1 EP0330595 B1 EP 0330595B1
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- Prior art keywords
- wing
- mast
- sailing boat
- deck
- rudder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H9/068—Sails pivotally mounted at mast tip
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of construction of sailboats, and relates to a sailboat provided with a lifting and anti-heeling device.
- any increase in aerodynamic thrust has the effect of a corresponding increase in speed and entails an obligation to correspondingly increase the anti-heel return weights.
- the increase in the hydrodynamic drag then takes place for two reasons, namely, due to the increase in speed, and that of the volume of the hull, which has the consequence that the real gain in speed in displacement is relatively small compared to the increase in aerodynamic thrust.
- a self-pivoting free-wing rigging only constituted by a load-bearing and propulsive wing, which is mounted at the end of a mast and maneuvered by means of an orientation plate. .
- This rigging does not separate the wing and sail functions, that is to say the propulsion and the lift or takeoff over the water.
- this document does not provide for the control of the wing-shaped wing by ailerons and rudder flaps.
- this document does not provide for a device intended to avoid heeling, nor for a stabilizing element, which is however essential in the case of an exit of the hull (s) of the sailboat out of the water.
- the present invention aims to overcome all these drawbacks by ensuring a virtual elimination of the volume of the submerged hull, and therefore of the drag, while compensating for the heeling torque, so as to achieve a considerable reduction in weight of the sailboat which can then evolve to high speed by hovering on the surface or above the water according to the force of the wind.
- a single or multihull sailboat provided with at least one mast for fixing one or more sails, a fin, a rudder and a wing connected to the head of the mast with limited possibility of pivoting around the latter, characterized in that the wing forms a lifting and anti-heeling device and is connected to the head of the mast at by means of an arm secured to one end of the wing infrastructure and provided at its other end with a pivoting head cooperating with a housing of corresponding shape of the head of the mast in the manner of a ball joint, the housing effecting a limitation of said pivoting of the arm around three orthogonal axes passing through the top of the mast, so that the hull or hulls of the sailboat come entirely out of the water at cruising speed, said sailboat being stabilized in flight position above water, without vertical support thereon, by means of a stabilizing fin, the lifting device or wing being provided on its trailing edge with two adjustable flaps of depth and inclination allowing the orientations of the 'wing
- the sailboat of the catamaran type, which is provided with a mast 1 for fixing one or more sails 2, of a fin 3 and a rudder 4, is provided with a lifting and anti-heeling device 5 connected to the head of the mast 1 with possibility of limited pivoting around the latter.
- the lift and anti-heeling device 5 is advantageously constituted in the form of a wing connected to the head of the mast 1 by means of an arm 6 secured to one end of the wing infrastructure and provided at its other end a pivoting head cooperating with a housing of corresponding shape of the head of the mast 1 in the manner of a ball joint, the housing providing a limitation of said pivoting of the arm 6 around three orthogonal axes passing over the head of the mast 1.
- the lift device or wing 5 is provided on the rear part of its lower surface with a set of rudder 7 rudder 8.
- the lift device or wing 5 is provided on its rear trailing edge with two adjustable flaps 9 of depth and inclination.
- the pivoting of the arm 6 in the housing of the head of the mast 1 can also be controlled by means of cables (not shown) connected, on the one hand, to the ends of the wing 5 and, on the other hand, to means mechanical, electro-mechanical or other actuation, provided on the deck of the sailboat.
- actuation means can be constituted by mechanical or electro-mechanical winches, or by mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders with manual or motorized actuation.
- the arm 6 and the wing 5 are articulated at the head of the mast 1 along three orthogonal axes allowing their orientation in all the useful directions, namely a complete rotation around the axis of the mast 1 allowing to the wing or device 5 to position themselves nose to the wind in the manner of a wind vane, this alignment being ensured by the thrust of the wind on the lower surface of the wing 5 and on its drift plane 7 - rudder 8, an inclination to the left or to the right of up to 90 ° relative to the axis of the mast 1, causing the inclination ⁇ of the wing 5, by action on the corresponding cables connected to the wing 5 or on the flaps 9 and an inclination relative to the direction of travel of the sailboat, creating the angle of attack ⁇ of the wing 5 relative to the horizontal relative wind VR, also by action on the flaps 9 or on corresponding cables connected to wing 5.
- the arm 6 is fixed to the wing 5 on the longitudinal axis 10 of the latter at a point T adjustable on said axis 10, this point T being located in front of the centers of gravity and wing 5 thrust.
- the control of the movements of the rudder 8 and of the flaps 9 is advantageously carried out by means of rods 11 which are actuated by linear motors such as electric or pneumatic jacks 12, controlled from the bridge by means of a manipulator box of the type "joystick" acting on a rheostat or on a pneumatic distributor and whose energy is supplied by a battery mounted on the deck or by a pressurized air center, the control of the latter or the electrical supply of the battery being carried out by means of a hydraulic propeller, or by means of a turbine supplied by an orifice provided on the leading edge of fin 3, actuating a dynamo or an alternator or a compressor.
- linear motors such as electric or pneumatic jacks 12
- a manipulator box of the type "joystick" acting on a rheostat or on a pneumatic distributor and whose energy is supplied by a battery mounted on the deck or by a pressurized air center
- the control of the latter or the electrical supply of the battery being
- the inclination of the wing 5, on the one hand, of an angle ⁇ on the windward side and, on the other hand, of an angle of attack ⁇ relative to the horizontal relative wind VR induces a result of thrust aerodynamic FA on the wing 5 which is close to the axis of the arm 6.
- the latter has two very important effects on the boat, namely, on the one hand, a lifting effect and, on the other hand, an effect anti-heeling balancing torque.
- the lift is obtained under the effect of the vertical component of the aerodynamic thrust FA which compensates for the vertical downward forces, namely the weight of the sailboat, and the vertical component of the thrust on the FV sails, so that the sailboat tends to be pulled out of the water in the direction of the mast 1 at the connection of the head of said mast 1 with the arm 6 secured to the wing 5.
- the adjustment of the angle of attack ⁇ causes a change in altitude of the sailboat which has the effect of lifting its hull out of the water.
- the anti-heeling balancing torque is obtained by the action of the aerodynamic thrust FA on the wing 5 in the form of a force acting on the head of the mast 1 creating a return torque which balances the couples of heel around a point D of the drift 3, due to the action of the wind on the sails 2 or sails, so that the inclination ⁇ of the mast is stabilized.
- a significant anti-heeling torque can be obtained with a relatively low aerodynamic thrust force FA by using a mast of considerable length, the mast forming the lever arm.
- the assembly according to the invention is stable and the hydraulic drag, which was the main brake on movement, is very greatly reduced.
- the only submerged volume of the sailboat remains that of the fin 3 and the rudder 4, which is reduced to a very small surface, almost flat and very fine, and advancing on edge, in the manner of 'a knife blade.
- the sailboat thus formed advances by hovering over the water at a speed much higher than that of the corresponding sailboats of the conventional type and this speed is several times higher than that of the absolute wind.
- the rudder 4 is provided, near its lower end, with a stabilizing fin 13 fixedly mounted on said rudder 4.
- a stabilizing fin 13 fixedly mounted on said rudder 4.
- Such a fin makes it possible to ensure horizontal stability of the axis of the sailboat in its plane of symmetry.
- This fin is advantageously mounted substantially parallel to the bridge. It is also possible to make the stabilizing fin 13 adjustable in inclination relative to the deck of the sailboat, by mounting by means of a pivot axis on the rudder 4 and manual actuation by means of a rod which can be locked in position or hydraulically, mechanically or electrically controlled actuation by means of a centralized control assembly.
- the sailboat will be built so that the aero- and hydrodynamic couples involved are close to equilibrium without the action of the stabilizing fin 13. Furthermore, the possible possibility of adjusting the trim of the fin 13 by compared to the deck plan makes it possible to optimize the balance between the couples at all times and therefore to optimize the performance of the sailboat, thus ensuring its axis a stability close to the horizontal.
- the altitude of the sailboat is adjusted relative to the water body by modifying the inclinations ⁇ and ⁇ of the wing 5, either by means of cables acting on the ends of the latter in order to achieve the desired pivotings, either by action on the adjustable flaps 9 of depth and inclination.
- the takeoff of the hull out of the water is carried out for wind speeds greater than a minimum speed which depends, on the one hand, on the surface of the wing 5 and, on the other hand, on the surface of the sails 2 propulsion and total weight of the sailboat.
- a minimum wind speed which depends, on the one hand, on the surface of the wing 5 and, on the other hand, on the surface of the sails 2 propulsion and total weight of the sailboat.
- Navigating close to the water of a sailboat according to the invention is therefore carried out with much weaker winds than for conventional sailboats and this very fast navigation mode precedes the complete takeoff occurring as soon as the wind speed exceeds the minimum speed required.
- the fin 3 is advantageously in the form of a thin plate, with a frontal section reducing towards the foot and with a high elastic limit, rigidly fixed under the bridge, with the possibility of vertical sliding, and supported with respect to the bridge by means tie rods 14 fixed to the drift well.
- This drift 3 allows, as on conventional sailboats, to limit the drift of the boat by pressing on the water, but, however, the FD anti-drift thrust which it supports is greatly increased.
- the material of the fin 3 may be, for example, aluminum and its particular front section, decreasing in the direction of the foot, is adapted to the variation of the bending moment so as to reduce the weight of the fin.
- the possibility of vertical sliding of the fin 3 in its recess under the deck of the sailboat allows its height adjustment according to the navigation conditions as well as its complete retraction in the garage and transport position. It is the same for rudder 4 by vertical sliding along its axis of orientation.
- the other elements of the sailboat according to the invention are, in principle, similar to those of a conventional sailboat of the corresponding type. However, their technical characteristics are significantly changed.
- the anti-heeling thrust FA creates at the top of the mast 1 a leeward support which does not exist on conventional sailboats, so that the wind shroud 15 is no longer under tension and that, by dint of equal FV heel, mast 1 is less stressed in bending than on a classic sailboat and can therefore be lighter.
- This last advantage can be taken advantage of to optimize the masts, that is to say to use taller masts in order to increase the propulsion force FV and therefore the speed.
- the leeward shroud 16 is under moderate tension to avoid the rotation of the hull or the chassis of the sailboat around the foot of the mast under the effect of the FD anti-drift thrust.
- the sails 2 are close to the plane of symmetry of the boat and can interfere.
- the jib may be of reduced width in order to move its trailing edge away from the mainsail.
- the floats 17 of the latter are advantageously mounted on telescopic arms 18 adjustable in extension relative to the deck or to the central hull, fixedly or continuously, by means of assembly bolts or by means of linear motors.
- the floats 17 can be brought together at a minimum distance from the central hull or from the deck in the garage or transport position and can be moved away in the use position, this spacing possibly varying during use in order to optimize the performance of the sailboat.
- FIGS 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the sails 2 are replaced by rigid wings 19 movable around integrated masts, these wings 19 being spaced from one another in order to receive air flows independent, the lifting device 5 being articulated on a chassis 20 at a point 21 forming the aerodynamic barycenter of the tops of the masts of the wings 19.
- the sailboat is in the form of a catamaran whose floats 22 do not play their role as hulls only in the takeoff and landing phases, that is to say at low speed.
- the support on the leeward float is reduced thanks to the influence of the wing 5, the floats 22 and the pendulums 23 connecting them to the chassis 24 are subjected to great efforts. lower than on conventional multihulls and can therefore be considerably reduced, which further contributes to the reduction in total weight.
- the floats 22 can be made of very light materials, such as, for example, simple inflatable cylinders provided with aerodynamic tips and the pendulums 23 of low weight and section may be sliding under the chassis 24 for the purpose of adjusting the span.
- the masts of the wings 19 are advantageously mounted on transverse arms housed telescopically in the frame 20 for connection to the wing 5 and in integral sleepers of the chassis 24, the said transverse arms being displaceable and adjustable in spacing by means of pinion-rack assemblies or jacks.
- a sailboat capable of reaching high speeds at the level and, in particular, above the water by using the principle of propulsion by the aerodynamic pressure of the wind on a system of sails or wings carried by one or more vertical masts combined with an adjustable aerial wing fixed at the head of the mast and simultaneously creating lift and anti-heel effects allowing the boat to rise, at first, to the surface of the water, then accelerate and take off above the water level to then sail in balanced lift with an almost total suppression of the hydrodynamic hull drag.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la construction des bateaux à voiles, et a pour objet un voilier muni d'un dispositif de sustentation et anti-gîte.The present invention relates to the field of construction of sailboats, and relates to a sailboat provided with a lifting and anti-heeling device.
Actuellement, avec les voiliers classiques de type mono- ou multicoques, la poussée aérodynamique du vent sur les voiles est sensiblement normale à ces dernières et généralement fortement oblique par rapport à l'axe du bateau, de sorte qu'est créé un couple de gîte sous le vent très important devant être équilibré par le couple des forces de poids dans lequel entre en ligne de compte le poids du bateau, le poids de la quille, souvent très lourde, et le poids des passagers qui sont parfois placés en rappel. Sous l'effet de ces différents poids et de la composante verticale de la poussée aérodynamique sur les voiles, la ou les coques ont tendance à s'enfoncer dans l'eau, de sorte qu'en tous cas un important volume de carène est immergé, ayant pour conséquence une trainée hydrodynamique formant le principal frein à l'avancement du bateau.Currently, with conventional sailboats of the mono- or multihull type, the aerodynamic thrust of the wind on the sails is substantially normal to the latter and generally strongly oblique with respect to the axis of the boat, so that a couple of heel is created. downwind very important to be balanced by the couple of weight forces in which comes into account the weight of the boat, the weight of the keel, often very heavy, and the weight of passengers who are sometimes abseiled. Under the effect of these different weights and the vertical component of the aerodynamic thrust on the sails, the hull (s) tend to sink into the water, so that in any case a large volume of hull is immersed , resulting in a hydrodynamic drag forming the main brake on the advancement of the boat.
En outre, tout accroissement de la poussée aérodynamique a pour effet une augmentation correspondante de la vitesse et entraîne une obligation d'augmenter de manière correspondante les poids de rappel anti-gîte. L'accroissement de la trainée hydrodynamique s'effectue alors pour deux raisons, à savoir, du fait de l'accroissement de la vitesse, et de celui du volume de carène, ce qui a pour conséquence que le gain réel de vitesse en déplacement est relativement faible en comparaison de l'accroissement de la poussée aérodynamique.In addition, any increase in aerodynamic thrust has the effect of a corresponding increase in speed and entails an obligation to correspondingly increase the anti-heel return weights. The increase in the hydrodynamic drag then takes place for two reasons, namely, due to the increase in speed, and that of the volume of the hull, which has the consequence that the real gain in speed in displacement is relatively small compared to the increase in aerodynamic thrust.
Pour obvier à ces inconvénients, il a été proposé de remplacer les voiles fixées habituellement au mât des voiliers par des gréements en forme d'ailes montés en tête de mât et manoeuvrables à partir du pont au moyen de cordages. Ces gréements ont pour but d'assurer simultanément la propulsion et d'agir sur le gîte d'un bateau et donc de limiter le poids de la quille, mais réalisent un report des forces agissant sur le mât en tête de ce dernier, de sorte que sa section doit être main tenue très forte, notamment au niveau de son encastrement sur le pont.To overcome these drawbacks, it has been proposed to replace the sails usually fixed to the mast of sailboats by rigging in the form of wings mounted at the head of mast and maneuverable from the deck by means of ropes. These rigs are intended to simultaneously ensure propulsion and act on the heel of a boat and therefore limit the weight of the keel, but carry a transfer of forces acting on the mast at the head of the latter, so that its section must be kept very strong, especially at the level of its embedding on the bridge.
En outre, ces gréements ne permettent pas de réduire de manière importante le volume de carène immerge et la traînée hydrodynamique.In addition, these rigs do not make it possible to significantly reduce the volume of the submerged hull and the hydrodynamic drag.
On connaît également, par FR-A-2 532 614, un gréement à voilure libre auto-pivotante uniquement constitué par une voilure porteuse et propulsive, qui est montée en bout d'un mât et manoeuvrée au moyen d'un plateau d'orientation. Ce gréement ne sépare pas les fonctions aile et voile, c'est-à-dire la propulsion et la sustentation ou le décollage au-dessus de l'eau.Also known, from FR-A-2 532 614, is a self-pivoting free-wing rigging only constituted by a load-bearing and propulsive wing, which is mounted at the end of a mast and maneuvered by means of an orientation plate. . This rigging does not separate the wing and sail functions, that is to say the propulsion and the lift or takeoff over the water.
Par ailleurs, ce document ne prévoit pas la commande de la voilure en forme d' aile par des ailerons et des volets de gouvernail.Furthermore, this document does not provide for the control of the wing-shaped wing by ailerons and rudder flaps.
En outre, dans le cas où un déjaugeage complet devait se produire, il n'est pas prévu de dispositif permettant un équilibrage, ni le maintien dans une position de vol au-dessus de l'eau. Une telle position n'est pas envisagée, l'aile étant contrôlée par des moyens inadaptés a une telle configuration, à savoir un déplacement à grande vitesse, en vol au-dessus de l'eau.In addition, in the event that a complete planing should occur, there is no provision for balancing or maintaining in a flight position over the water. Such a position is not envisaged, the wing being controlled by means unsuitable for such a configuration, namely a movement at high speed, in flight over water.
Enfin, ce document ne prévoit pas de dispositif destiné à éviter la gîte, ni d'élément de stabilisation, pourtant indispensables dans le-cas d'une sortie de la ou des coques du voilier hors de l'eau.Finally, this document does not provide for a device intended to avoid heeling, nor for a stabilizing element, which is however essential in the case of an exit of the hull (s) of the sailboat out of the water.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier tous ces inconvénients en assurant une quasi suppression du volume de carène immergé, et donc de la traînée, tout en compensant le couple de gîte, de manière à réaliser un allègement considérable du voilier qui peut évoluer alors à grande vitesse en planant à la surface ou au-dessus de l'eau selon la force du vent.The present invention aims to overcome all these drawbacks by ensuring a virtual elimination of the volume of the submerged hull, and therefore of the drag, while compensating for the heeling torque, so as to achieve a considerable reduction in weight of the sailboat which can then evolve to high speed by hovering on the surface or above the water according to the force of the wind.
Elle a, en effet, pour objet un voilier mono- ou multicoques pourvu d'au moins un mât de fixation d'une ou de plusieurs voiles, d'une dérive, d'un gouvernail et d'une aile reliée à la tête du mât avec possibilité de pivotement limitée autour de cette dernière, caractérisé en ce que l'aile forme un dispositif de sustentation et anti-gîte et est reliée à la tête du mât au moyen d'un bras solidaire à une extrémité de l'infrastructure de l'aile et pourvu à son autre extrémité d'une tête pivotante coopérant avec un logement de forme correspondante de la tête du mât à la manière d'une rotule, le logement réalisant une limitation dudit pivotement du bras autour de trois axes orthogonaux passant par le sommet du mât, de sorte que la ou les coques du voilier sortent entièrement de l'eau en vitesse de croisière, ledit voilier étant stabilisé en position de vol au-dessus de l'eau, sans appui vertical sur celle-ci, au moyen d'une ailette stabilisatrice, le dispositif de sustentation ou aile étant muni sur son bord de fuite arrière de deux volets réglables de profondeur et d'inclinaison permettant les orientations de l'aile.Its purpose, in fact, is a single or multihull sailboat provided with at least one mast for fixing one or more sails, a fin, a rudder and a wing connected to the head of the mast with limited possibility of pivoting around the latter, characterized in that the wing forms a lifting and anti-heeling device and is connected to the head of the mast at by means of an arm secured to one end of the wing infrastructure and provided at its other end with a pivoting head cooperating with a housing of corresponding shape of the head of the mast in the manner of a ball joint, the housing effecting a limitation of said pivoting of the arm around three orthogonal axes passing through the top of the mast, so that the hull or hulls of the sailboat come entirely out of the water at cruising speed, said sailboat being stabilized in flight position above water, without vertical support thereon, by means of a stabilizing fin, the lifting device or wing being provided on its trailing edge with two adjustable flaps of depth and inclination allowing the orientations of the 'wing.
L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue en élévation frontale d'un voilier conforme à l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en élévation latérale du voilier suivant la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1 d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention, et
- la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 du voilier suivant la figure 3.
- Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a sailboat according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the sailboat according to Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 of an alternative embodiment of the invention, and
- FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of the sailboat according to FIG. 3.
Conformément à l'invention et comme le montrent plus particulièrement, à titre d'exemple, les figures 1 et 2 des dessins annexés, le voilier, du type catamaran, qui est pourvu d'un mât 1 de fixation d'une ou de plusieurs voiles 2, d'une dérive 3 et d'un gouvernail 4, est muni d'un dispositif de sustentation et anti-gîte 5 relié à la tête du mât 1 avec possibilité de pivotement limitée autour de cette dernière.According to the invention and as shown more particularly, by way of example, Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, the sailboat, of the catamaran type, which is provided with a mast 1 for fixing one or
Le dispositif de sustentation et anti-gîte 5 est avantageusement constitué sous forme d'une aile reliée à la tête du mât 1 au moyen d'un bras 6 solidaire à une extrémité de l'infrastructure de l'aile et pourvu à son autre extrémité d'une tête pivotante coopérant avec un logement de forme correspondante de la tête du mât 1 à la manière d'une rotule, le logement réalisant une limitation dudit pivotement du bras 6 autour de trois axes orthogonaux passant sur la tête du mât 1.The lift and
Conformément à une caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif de sustentation ou aile 5, est pourvu sur la partie arrière de son intrados d'un ensemble dérive 7 gouvernail 8.According to a characteristic of the invention, the lift device or
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif de sustentation ou aile 5 est muni sur son bord de fuite arrière de deux volets réglables 9 de profondeur et d'inclinaison.According to another characteristic of the invention, the lift device or
Le pivotement du bras 6 dans le logement de la tête du mât 1 peut également être commandé au moyen de câbles (non représentés) reliés, d'une part, aux extrémités de l'aile 5 et, d'autre part, à des moyens d'actionnement mécanique, électro-mécanique ou autre, prévus sur le pont du voilier. Ces moyens d'actionnement peuvent être constitués par des treuils mécaniques ou électro-mécaniques, ou encore par des vérins mécaniques, hydrauliques ou pneumatiques à actionnement manuel ou motorisé. Grâce à ces modes de réalisation, le bras 6 et l'aile 5 sont articulés à la tête du mât 1 suivant trois axes orthogonaux permettant leur orientation dans toutes les directions utiles, à savoir une rotation complète autour de l'axe du mât 1 permettant à l'aile ou dispositif 5 de se placer nez au vent à la manière d'une girouette, cet alignement étant assuré par la poussée du vent sur l'intrados de l'aile 5 et sur son plan de dérive 7 - gouvernail 8, une inclinaison à gauche ou à droite pouvant aller jusqu'à 90° par rapport à l'axe du mât 1, entraînant l'inclinaison α de l'aile 5, par action sur les câbles correspondants reliés à l'aile 5 ou sur les volets 9 et une inclinaison par rapport au sens d'avancement du voilier, créant l'angle d'attaque β de l'aile 5 par rapport au vent relatif horizontal VR, également par action sur les volets 9 ou sur des câbles correspondants reliés à l'aile 5.The pivoting of the
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le bras 6 est fixé à l'aile 5 sur l'axe longitudinal 10 de cette dernière en un point T réglable sur ledit axe 10, ce point T étant situé en avant des centres de gravité et de poussée de l'aile 5. Ainsi, il est assuré que l'aile 5 se présentera en toutes circonstances le nez au vent et avec son intrados tourné vers le mât 1.According to another characteristic of the invention, the
La commande des mouvements du gouvernail 8 et des volets 9 est avantageusement réalisée au moyen de tringles 11 qui sont actionnées par des moteurs linéaires tels que des vérins 12 électriques ou pneumatiques, commandés à partir du pont au moyen d'un boîtier à manipulateur du type "manche à balai" agissant sur un rhéostat ou sur un distributeur pneumatique et dont l'énergie est fournie par une batterie montée sur le pont ou par une centrale d'air sous pression, la commande de cette dernière ou l'alimentation électrique de la batterie étant réalisée au moyen d'une hélice hydraulique, ou au moyen d'une turbine alimentée par un orifice prévu sur le bord d'attaque de la dérive 3, actionnant une dynamo ou un alternateur ou un compresseur.The control of the movements of the rudder 8 and of the
Du fait des vitesses pouvant être atteintes au moyen du voilier conforme à l'invention, l'emploi d'une dynamo ou d'un alternateur ou encore d'un compresseur, actionné par une hélice hydraulique ou par une turbine est rendu possible et permet l'utilisation d'une source d'énergie gratuite capable de subvenir à tous les besoins en énergie.Because of the speeds that can be reached by means of the sailboat according to the invention, the use of a dynamo or an alternator or even a compressor, actuated by a hydraulic propeller or by a turbine is made possible and allows the use of a free energy source capable of meeting all energy needs.
L'inclinaison de l'aile 5, d'une part, d'un angle α du côté au vent et, d'autre part, d'un angle d'attaque β par rapport au vent relatif horizontal VR induit une résultante de poussée aérodynamique FA sur l'aile 5 qui est proche de l'axe du bras 6. Cette dernière a deux effets très importants sur le bateau, à savoir, d'une part, un effet de sustentation et, d'autre part, un effet de couple d'équilibrage anti-gîte.The inclination of the
La sustentation est obtenue sous l'effet de la composante verticale de la poussée aérodynamique FA qui compense les forces verticales orientées vers le bas, à savoir le poids du voilier, et la composante verticale de la poussée sur les voiles FV, de sorte que le voilier a tendance à être tiré hors de l'eau dans le sens du mât 1 au niveau de la liaison de la tête dudit mât 1 avec le bras 6 solidaire de l'aile 5. Ainsi, le réglage de l'angle d'attaque β entraîne un changement d'altitude du voilier qui a pour effet de soulever sa carène hors de l'eau.The lift is obtained under the effect of the vertical component of the aerodynamic thrust FA which compensates for the vertical downward forces, namely the weight of the sailboat, and the vertical component of the thrust on the FV sails, so that the sailboat tends to be pulled out of the water in the direction of the mast 1 at the connection of the head of said mast 1 with the
Le couple d'équilibrage anti-gîte est obtenu par l'action de la poussée aérodynamique FA sur l'aile 5 sous forme d'une force agissant sur la tête du mât 1 créant un couple de rappel qui équilibre les couples de gîte autour d'un point D de la dérive 3, dus à l'action du vent sur la ou les voiles 2, de sorte que l'inclinaison γ du mât est stabilisée. Un couple anti-gîte important peut être obtenu avec une force de poussée aérodynamique FA relativement faible par utilisation d'un mât de longueur importante, le mât formant le bras de levier.The anti-heeling balancing torque is obtained by the action of the aerodynamic thrust FA on the
Ainsi, l'ensemble conforme à l'invention est stable et la trainée hydraulique, qui était le frein principal au déplacement, est très fortement réduite. En effet, en conditions normales de progression le seul volume immergé du voilier reste celui de la dérive 3 et du gouvernail 4, ce qui se réduit à une surface très faible, quasiment plane et très fine, et avançant sur tranche, à la manière d'une lame de couteau. Il en résulte que le voilier ainsi constitué avance en planant au-dessus de l'eau à une vitesse très supérieure à celle des voiliers correspondants de type classique et cette vitesse est plusieurs fois supérieure à celle du vent absolu.Thus, the assembly according to the invention is stable and the hydraulic drag, which was the main brake on movement, is very greatly reduced. Indeed, under normal conditions of progression the only submerged volume of the sailboat remains that of the
Conformément à une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le gouvernail 4 est muni, près de son extrémité inférieure, d'une ailette stabilisatrice 13 montée de manière fixe sur ledit gouvernail 4. Une telle ailette permet d'assurer une stabilité horizontale de l'axe du voilier dans son plan de symétrie. Cette ailette est avantageusement montée sensiblement parallèle au pont. Il est également possible de rendre l'ailette stabilisatrice 13 réglable en inclinaison par rapport au pont du voilier, par montage au moyen d'un axe de pivotement sur le gouvernail 4 et actionnement manuel au moyen d'une tringle pouvant être bloquée en position ou actionnement asservi hydrauliquement, mécaniquement ou électriquement au moyen d'un ensemble de commande centralisé.According to another characteristic of the invention, the rudder 4 is provided, near its lower end, with a stabilizing
Lorsque les couples de rotation exercés dans le plan de symétrie du voilier sont équilibrés, ce dernier ne prend pas d'assiette par rapport à l'horizontale et l'ailette stabilisatrice 13 n'a pas d'effet autre qu'une faible trainée. A la rupture de l'équilibre de ces couples, le voilier prend'une assiette positive ou négative, de même que l'ailette stabilisatrice 13 qui devient porteuse, de sorte que sa portance hydrodynamique crée un couple de rééquilibrage tendant à réduire l'assiette. Ce couple stabilisateur est important, car le bras de levier par rapport au centre de gravité du voilier est important, de même que la portance à grande vitesse dès que l'assiette apparaît.When the torques exerted in the plane of symmetry of the sailboat are balanced, the latter does not take an attitude relative to the horizontal and the stabilizing
Pratiquement, le voilier sera construit afin que les couples aéro - et hydrodynamiques en cause soient proches de l'équilibre sans l'action de l'ailette stabilisatrice 13. Par ailleurs, la possibilité éventuelle de régler l'assiette de l'ailette 13 par rapport au plan du pont permet d'optimiser l'équilibre entre les couples à tout moment et donc d'optimiser les performances du voilier, assurant ainsi à son axe une stabilité proche de l'horizontale.In practice, the sailboat will be built so that the aero- and hydrodynamic couples involved are close to equilibrium without the action of the stabilizing
Le réglage de l'altitude du voilier par rapport au plan d'eau s'effectue par modification des inclinaisons α et β de l'aile 5, soit au moyen de câbles agissant sur les extrémités de cette dernière afin de réaliser les pivotements désirés, soit par action sur les volets réglables 9 de profondeur et d'inclinaison. Ce réglage des inclinaisons α et β permet également d'agir sur l'inclinaison γ du mât 1. Il est ainsi possible, en particulier, de maintenir le mât 1 à la verticale, c'est-à-dire avec un angle γ = 0 ou, dans le cas de vent faible, de réaliser une inclinaison du mât 1 au vent, c'est-à-dire avec un angle γ négatif, la ou les voiles 2 contribuant alors à la sustentation.The altitude of the sailboat is adjusted relative to the water body by modifying the inclinations α and β of the
Le décollage de la carène hors de l'eau est réalisé pour des vitesses de vent supérieures à une vitesse minimale qui dépend, d'une part, de la surface de l'aile 5 et, d'autre part, de la surface des voiles 2 de propulsion et du poids total du voilier. Ainsi, la vitesse minimale du vent permettant de soulever la carène hors de l'eau s'établira entre 7 et 15 noeuds, condition souvent réalisée en pratique. Dans le cas de vitesse de vent inférieure à ce seuil minimal, un décollage complet n'est pas possible mais, cependant, l'aile 5 continue à remplir son effet d'allègement du voilier et de contribution à l'équilibrage en gîte, de sorte que, par rapport à un voilier classique de même type et à force de vent identique, l'appui éventuel sur le flotteur au vent et, en tous cas, le gîte sont considérablement réduits.The takeoff of the hull out of the water is carried out for wind speeds greater than a minimum speed which depends, on the one hand, on the surface of the
La navigation au ras de l'eau d'un voilier conforme à l'invention s'effectue donc avec des vents beaucoup plus faibles que pour les voiliers classiques et ce mode de navigation très rapide précède le décollage complet intervenant dès que la vitesse du vent dépasse la vitesse minimale requise.Navigating close to the water of a sailboat according to the invention is therefore carried out with much weaker winds than for conventional sailboats and this very fast navigation mode precedes the complete takeoff occurring as soon as the wind speed exceeds the minimum speed required.
La dérive 3 est avantageusement sous forme d'une plaque de faible épaisseur, à section frontale se réduisant en direction du pied et à haute limite élastique, fixée rigidement sous le pont, avec possibilité de glissement vertical, et étayée par rapport au pont au moyen de tirants 14 fixés au puit de dérive. Cette dérive 3 permet, comme sur les voiliers classiques, de limiter la dérive du bateau par appui sur l'eau, mais, cependant, la poussée antidérive FD qu'elle supporte est fortement augmentée. Le matériau constitutif de la dérive 3 pourra être, par exemple, de l'aluminium et sa section frontale particulière, diminuant en direction du pied, est adapté à la variation du moment de flexion de manière à réduire le poids de la dérive. En outre, elle présente avantageusement une hauteur plus grande que la largeur afin de maintenir une surface d'appui immergée suffisante en eaux agitées ou en cas de variations d'altitude. Enfin, la possibilité de glissement vertical de la dérive 3 dans son encastrement sous le pont du voilier permet son réglage en hauteur en fonction des conditions de navigation ainsi que son escamotage complet en position de garage et de transport. Il en est de même pour le gouvernail 4 par glissement vertical le long de son axe d'orientation.The
Les autres éléments du voilier conforme à l'invention sont, dans leur principe, semblables à ceux d'un voilier classique de type correspondant. Cependant, leurs caractéristiques techniques sont sensiblement modifiées. En effet, la poussée anti-gîte FA crée au sommet du mât 1 un appui sous le vent qui n'existe pas sur les voiliers classiques, de sorte que le hauban au vent 15 n'est plus sous tension et que, à force de gîte FV égale, le mât 1 est moins sollicité en flexion que sur un voilier classique et peut donc être plus léger. Ce dernier avantage peut être mis à profit pour optimiser les mâts, c'est-à-dire pour utiliser des mâts plus hauts afin d'augmenter la force de propulsion FV et donc la vitesse.The other elements of the sailboat according to the invention are, in principle, similar to those of a conventional sailboat of the corresponding type. However, their technical characteristics are significantly changed. In fact, the anti-heeling thrust FA creates at the top of the mast 1 a leeward support which does not exist on conventional sailboats, so that the
Le hauban sous le vent 16 est sous tension modérée pour éviter la rotation de la carène ou du châssis du voilier autour du pied du mât sous l'effet de la poussée antidérive FD.The
Du fait que la vitesse, atteinte avec le voilier conforme à l'invention, correspond le plus souvent à un vent relatif VR proche de l'avant du bateau, les voiles 2 sont proches du plan de symétrie du bateau et peuvent se gêner. Afin de pallier cet inconvénient, le foc pourra être de largeur réduite afin d'éloigner son bord de fuite de la grand voile.Because the speed, reached with the sailboat according to the invention, most often corresponds to a relative wind VR near the front of the boat, the
Conformément à une autre caractéristique de l'invention, et comme le montre la figure 1, dans le cas d'un voilier présentant une carène multicoques, les flotteurs 17 de cette dernière sont avantageusement montés sur des bras téléscopiques 18 réglables en extension par rapport au pont ou à la carène centrale, de manière fixe ou en continu, au moyen de boulons d'assemblage ou au moyen de moteurs linéaires. Ainsi, les flotteurs 17 peuvent être rapprochés à une distance minimale de la carène centrale ou du pont en position de garage ou de transport et peuvent être écartés en position d'utilisation, cet écartement pouvant éventuellement varier en cours d'utilisation afin d'optimiser le rendement du voilier.According to another characteristic of the invention, and as shown in Figure 1, in the case of a sailboat having a multihull hull, the
Les figures 3 et 4 représentent une variante de réalisation de l'invention dans laquelle les voiles 2 sont remplacées par des ailes rigides 19 mobiles autour de mâts intégrés, ces ailes 19 étant éloignées l'une de l'autre afin de recevoir des flux aériens indépendants, le dispositif de sustentation 5 étant articulé sur un châssis 20 en un point 21 formant le barycentre aérodynamique des sommets des mâts des ailes 19. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le voilier est sous forme d'un catamaran dont les flotteurs 22 ne jouent leur rôle de carène que dans les phases de décollage et d'amerrissage, c'est-à-dire à faible vitesse. En outre, au cours de ces deux phases, l'appui sur le flotteur sous le vent est réduit grâce à l'influence de l'aile 5, les flotteurs 22 et les balanciers 23 les reliant au châssis 24 sont soumis à des efforts beaucoup plus faibles que sur les multicoques classiques et peuvent donc être considérablement allégés, ce qui contribue encore à la réduction du poids total.Figures 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the
Les flotteurs 22 peuvent être constitués par des matériaux très légers, tels que, par exemple, de simples cylindres gonflables munis d'embouts aérodynamiques et les balanciers 23 de faibles poids et section peuvent être coulissants sous le châssis 24 en vue du réglage de l'envergure.The floats 22 can be made of very light materials, such as, for example, simple inflatable cylinders provided with aerodynamic tips and the
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, afin d'optimiser les performances du voilier, les mâts des ailes 19 sont avantageusement montées sur des bras transversaux logés de manière télescopique dans le châssis 20 de liaison à l'aile 5 et dans des traverses solidaires du châssis 24, lesdits bras transversaux étant déplaçables et réglables en écartement au moyen d'ensembles pignon - crémaillère ou de vérins.According to another characteristic of the invention, in order to optimize the performance of the sailboat, the masts of the
Grâce à l'invention, il est possible de réaliser un voilier capable d'atteindre de grandes vitesses au niveau et, en particulier, au-dessus de l'eau par utilisation du principe de propulsion par la pression aérodynamique du vent sur un système de voiles ou d'ailes portées par un ou plusieurs mâts verticaux combiné avec une aile aérienne orientable fixée en tête de mât et créant simultanément des effets de sustentation et de couple anti-gîte permettant au bateau de s'élever, dans un premier temps, à la surface de l'eau, puis d'accélérer et de décoller au-dessus du niveau de l'eau pour naviguer ensuite en sustentation équilibrée avec une suppression quasi totale de la trainée hydrodynamique de carène.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to make a sailboat capable of reaching high speeds at the level and, in particular, above the water by using the principle of propulsion by the aerodynamic pressure of the wind on a system of sails or wings carried by one or more vertical masts combined with an adjustable aerial wing fixed at the head of the mast and simultaneously creating lift and anti-heel effects allowing the boat to rise, at first, to the surface of the water, then accelerate and take off above the water level to then sail in balanced lift with an almost total suppression of the hydrodynamic hull drag.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments, ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements, or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
- Single- or multi-hull sailing boat provided with at least one mast (1) for the fixing of one or more sails (2), a centreboard (3), a rudder (4) and a wing (5) connected to the head of the mast with the possibility of limited pivoting round the head of the mast, characterised in that the wing (5) forms a lifting, anti-heeling device and is connected to the head of the mast (1) by means of an arm (6) which is integral at one end with the wing infrastructure and is provided at its other end with a pivoting head co-operating with a housing of corresponding shape in the head of the mast (1) in the manner of a swivel joint, the housing producing a limit for said pivoting of the arm (6) round three orthogonal axes passing through the top of the mast (1) so that the hull or hulls of the sailing boat leave the water completely at cruising speed, said sailing boat being stabilised in the sailing position above the water without vertical support thereon by means of a stabilizing fin (13), the lifting device or wing (5) being equipped on its rear trailing edge with two flaps (9) which are adjustable in depth and in inclination and allow orientation of the wing (5).
- Sailing boat according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lifting device or wing (5) is provided on the rear portion of its lower surface with a centreboard (7)/rudder (8) unit.
- Sailing boat according to any one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the movements of the rudder (8) and flaps (9) are advantageously controlled by means of rods (11) which are actuated by linear motors such as electric or pneumatic jacks (12) controlled from the deck by means of a manipulator casing of the "joystick" type acting on a rheostat or on a pneumatic distributor and of which the energy is supplied by a battery mounted on the deck or by a compressed air station, the control of this compressed air station or the electrical supply of the battery being effected by means of a hydraulic propelling screw or by means of a turbine supplied through on orifice provided on the leading edge of the centreboard (3) actuating a dynamo or an alternator or a compressor.
- Sailing boat according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pivoting of the arm (6) in the housing in the head of the mast (1) is controlled by means of cables connected on the one hand to the ends of the wing (5) and on the other hand to mechanical, electromechanical or other actuating means provided on the deck of the sailing boat.
- Sailing boat according to any one of Claims 1 and 4, characterised in that the arm (6) is fixed to the wing (5) on the longitudinal axis (10) of the wing (5) at a point T which is adjustable on said axis (10), this point T being located in front of the centres of gravity and of pressure of the wing (5).
- Sailing boat according to Claim 1, characterised in that the stabilising fin (13) is mounted on the rudder (4) close to the lower end thereof.
- Sailing boat according to Claim 6, characterised in that the stabilizing fin (13) is adjustable in inclination relative to the deck of the sailing boat by assembly by means of a pivot axis on the rudder (4) and manual actuation by means of a rod which can be locked in position or hydraulically, mechanically or electrically controlled actuation by means of a centralised control system.
- Sailing boat according to Claim 1, characterized in that the centreboard (3) is advantageously in the form of a plate of small thickness which has a frontal cross-section diminishing toward the foot and a high yield stress, is fixed rigidly beneath the deck with the possibility of sliding vertically and is braced relative to the deck by means of tension rods (14) fixed to the centreboard casing.
- Sailing boat according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when it has a multiple underwater hull part, the buoyancy tanks (17) thereof are advantageously mounted on telescopic arms (18) which are adjustable by extension relative to the deck or to the central underwater hull part in a fixed or continuous manner by means of assembly bolts or by means of linear motors.
- Sailing boat according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it is propelled by rigid wings (19) which are movable round integrated masts, these wings (19) being spaced from one another so as to receive independent air flows, the device (5) being articulated on a frame (20) at a point (21) forming the aerodynamic centre of gravity of the tops of the masts of the wings (19).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8802338A FR2627449B1 (en) | 1988-02-23 | 1988-02-23 | SAILBOAT PROVIDED WITH A LIFT AND ANTI-GITE DEVICE |
FR8802338 | 1988-02-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0330595A1 EP0330595A1 (en) | 1989-08-30 |
EP0330595B1 true EP0330595B1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP89440016A Expired - Lifetime EP0330595B1 (en) | 1988-02-23 | 1989-02-22 | Sailing vessel equipped with a lifting and righting device |
Country Status (9)
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US (1) | US5076186A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0330595B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH02503302A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE106340T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU632041B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1326409C (en) |
DE (1) | DE68915575T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2627449B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989008046A1 (en) |
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AUPP691498A0 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 1998-11-26 | Bourn, Stephen | Improved sail craft |
US6453836B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2002-09-24 | Stephen Hampton Ditmore | Sailboat keel with a rotatable secondary foil |
US6732670B2 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2004-05-11 | William Richards Rayner | Sailing craft |
FR2822802B1 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2004-05-14 | Maurice Grenier | NAUTICAL CRAFT DRAWN BY A KITE |
WO2003024781A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-03-27 | John Godfrey Morley | Wind powered vehicle |
US6789489B1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-09-14 | Jeffrey S. Phipps | Sailboat with gimbaled mast and keel |
US7406922B2 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-08-05 | Jess Gregory | Spoiler anchoring sail |
US8973511B2 (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2015-03-10 | Walter Holemans | Autonomous sailboat for oceanographic monitoring |
FR3121424B1 (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-12-22 | Gallic Michel Le | AERIAL DEVICE TO OPTIMIZE SAILING VEHICLES |
CN113998087B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-02-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Wing-shaped anti-heeling device for ship |
Family Cites Families (22)
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DE406598C (en) * | 1922-06-02 | 1924-11-28 | Anton Flettner | Arrangement for sailing craft |
US2858788A (en) * | 1955-05-23 | 1958-11-04 | Aero Nautical Boat Shop Inc | Water craft |
US3593684A (en) * | 1969-09-05 | 1971-07-20 | Joseph A Cogliano | Collapsible catamaran |
FR2082359A5 (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1971-12-10 | Gance Jacques | |
US3720180A (en) * | 1970-11-27 | 1973-03-13 | P Stangeland | Raffe sail for boats |
US3884172A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-05-20 | Kenryu Takahashi | Hydroplane boat |
US4027614A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1977-06-07 | Jones Clyde B | Sailboat construction |
CA1073276A (en) * | 1976-09-08 | 1980-03-11 | John Guthrie | Wind powered apparatus |
GB1581625A (en) * | 1977-03-22 | 1980-12-17 | Walker J G | Hydrofoil sailing vessel |
AU5858280A (en) * | 1979-05-28 | 1980-12-04 | Williams, A.M. | Sailing rig |
FR2461642A1 (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-02-06 | Lafeuille Bruno | Mast head rigging with additional sails - has aerofoil sections supported by cables and fitted with weather vane |
FR2498554B1 (en) * | 1981-01-26 | 1986-01-31 | Burgard Franck | WIND POWERED LOCOMOTION MACHINE |
FR2519933B1 (en) * | 1982-01-19 | 1987-05-22 | Finot Groupe | PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES AND SAILING VESSELS |
DE3217250A1 (en) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-10 | Werner Prof. Dr. 6740 Landau Stahl | Windsurfer |
ES522894A0 (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1984-05-16 | Walker Wingsail Syst | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN SAILING DEVICES. |
DE3231764A1 (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-03-01 | Horst 4800 Bielefeld Duschek | Wing rig |
FR2532614A1 (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-09 | Guichard Philippe | Rigging with a free, independently pivoting aerofoil. |
NL8304441A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-16 | Garrick Sarkissian | Sail board wing mounting - rotates on mast top, supported by springs or rubber rods |
FR2563489B1 (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1990-11-16 | Pinco Jules | SUSTAINING SAIL MOUNTED AT THE MASTER HEAD OF A SAIL-PROPELLED NAUTICAL OR TERRESTRIAL MACHINE |
US4610212A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1986-09-09 | Petrovich Enrique G | Fast self righting catamaran |
GB8624460D0 (en) * | 1986-10-13 | 1986-11-19 | Hamel R | Sailing system |
US4852507A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1989-08-01 | Randall C. Ryon | Sail-wing and controls for a sail craft |
-
1988
- 1988-02-23 FR FR8802338A patent/FR2627449B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-02-22 WO PCT/FR1989/000069 patent/WO1989008046A1/en unknown
- 1989-02-22 AU AU32156/89A patent/AU632041B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-02-22 CA CA000591815A patent/CA1326409C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-02-22 DE DE68915575T patent/DE68915575T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-02-22 EP EP89440016A patent/EP0330595B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-22 JP JP1502970A patent/JPH02503302A/en active Pending
- 1989-02-22 AT AT89440016T patent/ATE106340T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-02-22 US US07/427,117 patent/US5076186A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH02503302A (en) | 1990-10-11 |
AU3215689A (en) | 1989-09-22 |
DE68915575D1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
WO1989008046A1 (en) | 1989-09-08 |
US5076186A (en) | 1991-12-31 |
FR2627449A1 (en) | 1989-08-25 |
ATE106340T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
FR2627449B1 (en) | 1992-04-17 |
DE68915575T2 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
AU632041B2 (en) | 1992-12-17 |
EP0330595A1 (en) | 1989-08-30 |
CA1326409C (en) | 1994-01-25 |
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