EP0325799B1 - Centrifugal force machining apparatus - Google Patents

Centrifugal force machining apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0325799B1
EP0325799B1 EP88121846A EP88121846A EP0325799B1 EP 0325799 B1 EP0325799 B1 EP 0325799B1 EP 88121846 A EP88121846 A EP 88121846A EP 88121846 A EP88121846 A EP 88121846A EP 0325799 B1 EP0325799 B1 EP 0325799B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
container
gap
machine
casing
lowering
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EP88121846A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0325799A2 (en
EP0325799A3 (en
Inventor
Friedhold Ditscherlein
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Max Spaleck GmbH and Co KG
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Max Spaleck GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
    • B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
    • B24B31/108—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work involving a sectioned bowl, one part of which, e.g. its wall, is stationary and the other part of which is moved, e.g. rotated

Definitions

  • a machine with a container casing that can be raised and lowered to adjust the gap relative to the rotating base is already known (EP-A-0 171 527).
  • the gap width can be adjusted or adjusted to the desired size. Readjustment is highly useful or necessary if the gap width has changed during operation of the machine due to wear on the walls delimiting the gap or due to swelling or thermal expansion of the material of the container shell or of the rotating base.
  • the gap can be reduced by more than 1 mm due to thermal expansion of the container shell and in particular the container base, depending on the material properties, if the workpiece holder rises from room temperature before the machine is started up to over 80 ° C during operation due to the grinding and Friction warmed up.
  • the wear of the walls of the container delimiting the gap is also not inconsiderable, which is caused by the constant removal of the abrasive used in the workpiece holder together with the processing liquid through the gap during processing.
  • a certain gap width is of great importance in order on the one hand to prevent the workpieces from penetrating into the gap, with the result that the workpieces and the walls of the container delimiting the gap are damaged, and on the other hand too much liquid and Avoid abrasive drain through the gap.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the problems existing in the previously known machines with manual adjustment of the gap width, i.e. to design a machine in which a constant gap width is guaranteed without the need for constant control.
  • This is achieved according to the invention in that the lifting and lowering of the container casing relative to the floor takes place automatically as a function of the given or changing gap width, for which purpose a mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electronic measuring device is provided for measuring the width of the gap, which is connected to a device for the automatic lifting and lowering of the jacket, which can be controlled by the measurement results of the measuring device in such a way that the gap width is set to a certain value or is kept at this value.
  • a desired gap width is automatically kept constant over the entire working process of the machine, which ensures that relatively thin workpieces with a dimension of less than 0.5 mm can be processed without penetration and locking of the workpieces in the Gap occurs with the result of destruction or damage to the edges of the container shell or rotating bottom delimiting the gap.
  • the aforementioned measuring device provided in the machine according to the invention can be formed by a hydraulic or pneumatic dynamic pressure gauge, which is arranged in a line which supplies the gap with a liquid or gaseous medium and which measures the dynamic pressure of this medium changing in this supply line as the gap width changes.
  • the measurement of the dynamic pressure can be more commercially available using a pressure sensor, for example an inductive or piezoresistive pressure transmitter Type (eg make "Jumo” from MK Juchheim GmbH & Co., Fulda / FRG), whereby the measured pressure or the measured pressure changes are converted into electrical signals for controlling the lifting and lowering device. Further possible measuring devices are specified in the patent claims.
  • the processing container is formed by an upper cylindrical casing 1 and a lower rotating plate-shaped base 2 which is coaxially mounted thereon and which extends with its circumferential rank to the lower edge of the casing to form a gap 3.
  • a collecting container 4 is arranged below the plate-shaped base for the processing liquid flowing through the gap 3, through the base of which the drive shaft 5 of the plate-shaped base passes through, which can be driven via the drive motor 6 arranged under the collecting container 4.
  • the container 1 rests on this pressure hose 8 with a flange 10 which is arranged on its lower edge and also projects radially and which, like the flange 7 of the lower container 4, has a depression on its side facing the hose, into which the hose engages.
  • the hose 8 Due to the weight of the container jacket 1, the hose 8 is subjected to a load acting on its upper side, which attempts to compress it from its circular cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 3 into a flattened cross-sectional shape, also shown in this figure, with a smaller cross-sectional height. Depending on the pressure level of the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium in the hose, this compression can be prevented or its extent can be controlled. With the possible lifting and lowering of the container casing 1, the width of the gap 3 is changed, which gap is shown in the
  • Embodiment extends approximately at an angle of 45 ° to the container axis.
  • other angular positions of the gap with respect to the container axis are also possible, the change in the height of the container shell being made smaller by the lifting and lowering device formed by the pressure hose 8, the smaller the angle of inclination of the gap to the container axis.
  • the pressure hose 8 does not extend over the entire circumference of the container, but only over a large part thereof. It is also possible to provide a plurality of hose sections, each of which extends only over part of the container circumference, each of which is connected via a line 9 to the pressure source for supplying these sections with pressure medium. In these cases, however, a separate seal should be provided between the two flanges 7, 10 of the collecting container 4 and the jacket 1 of the processing container.
  • guide bolts 11 are provided which are uniformly distributed over the circumference of the container casing 1 and which extend axially parallel to the container axis X and are fastened with their ends to the flange 7 of the carrying device 4 by screwing. These guide bolts reach through Bores in the flange 10 of the container shell 1, whereby it is guided up and down on the guide pin.
  • the guide bolts are provided at their end located above the flange 10 with a compression spring 12, which is supported on the one hand on the head 13 of the guide bolt and on the other hand on the top of the flange 10 and to press the container jacket 1 against the carrying device 4 by compressing the hose 8 looking for.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 differs with regard to the design and arrangement of the casing 1 and the plate-shaped bottom 2 of the processing container, the gap 3 located therebetween, the collecting container 4 serving as a supporting device for the casing, the storage and the drive of the base 2 and the leadership of the container jacket not or essentially not from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, so that the same reference numerals are used in the drawing for the same parts.
  • the device for lifting and lowering the jacket 1 of the processing container is not formed by a circumferential pressure hose, but by pressure bellows 19 arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the container, which in the same way as the pressure hose 8 in the embodiment according to FIGS 3 are connected to a feed line 20 for hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium.
  • a temperature measuring device 21 which protrudes into the collecting container 4, is used to measure the gap width Has temperature sensor 22 which measures the temperature of the liquid in this container 4.
  • the measured values determined by the temperature measuring device 21 are passed on electrically via signal lines 23 to the device serving to control the pneumatic or hydraulic pressure in the pressure bellows 19 or pressure cushion.
  • the gap width is therefore not scanned directly, but is only measured indirectly via the temperature of the liquid which runs through the gap 3 into the collecting container 4, on which temperature the thermal expansion of the parts of the processing container depends, which influences the width of the gap .
  • pneumatic or hydraulic lifting cylinders 24 serve as lifting and lowering devices, which are arranged on the flange 7 of the collecting container 4 evenly distributed over its circumference and have pistons 25 projecting upwards against the flange 10 of the jacket 1 of the processing container, on the end face of which Jacket 1 rests with its flange 10.
  • cylinders are connected via pneumatic or hydraulic lines 26 to a pressure medium source which controls the supply of the aforementioned lifting cylinders 24 with pressure medium.
  • This control is carried out via a measuring device, which in this embodiment is a mechanical, in the gap movable sensor 27 is formed.
  • This sensor is displaceably mounted in the lower edge of the jacket 1 delimiting the gap 3 in the direction of the gap width in a housing 32 inserted into the jacket 1 and, with its head, may act on it from time to time until it comes to rest the edge of the bottom 2 are advanced.
  • the position of the sensor 27 in this advanced position is measured by an inductive probe 28 and displayed on a dial gauge 29.
  • the measurement result is passed on via signal lines 30 to the control of the pressure medium source for feeding the lifting cylinders 24.
  • this sensor can be briefly pushed into the edge of the rotating floor 2 at adjustable or fixed time intervals, for example every 15 or 30 minutes, during operation of the machine and can be retracted to a starting position immediately after measuring the gap width in which the Sensor does not touch the bottom edge.
  • an elastic sealing ring 31 is arranged between the two flanges 7, 10 thereof.
  • the lifting and lowering device according to the invention is of a pneumatic or hydraulic type, such as, for example, in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5, it may be expedient for organs which can be controlled by hand in the pneumatic or hydraulic feed lines to individually adjust the lifting and lowering pressure thereof Device are provided independently of the measurement results of the measuring device in order to be able to raise and lower the jacket 1 of the processing container independently of the measurement results of the measuring device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fliehkraftbearbeitungsmaschine für die mechanische Bearbeitung, z.B. Schleifen, Polieren, Reinigen und Entgraten von Werkstücken, mit einem zur Aufnahme der Werkstücke und der Bearbeitungsmittel dienenden Bearbeitungsbehälter, der einen im wesentlichen zylindrischen Mantel und einen zu diesem koaxial gelagerten rotierenden Boden in Form eines Tellers hat, welcher mit seinem Umfangsrand an den zylindrischen Mantel unter Bildung eines schmalen Spaltes heranragt. Dabei können der Behältermantel und der rotierende Boden auf einer gemeinsamen Trageinrichtung oder auf getrennten Trageinrichtungen gelagert sein. Bei der die Erfindung betreffenden Maschine ist ferner der Mantel gegenüber dem Boden zur Feineinstellung der Weite des Spaltes über den gesamten Behälterumfang heb- und senkbar.The invention relates to a centrifugal machine for mechanical processing, e.g. Grinding, polishing, cleaning and deburring of workpieces, with a processing container for receiving the workpieces and the processing means, which has an essentially cylindrical casing and a rotating base coaxially mounted thereon in the form of a plate, which has the peripheral edge of the cylindrical casing protrudes to form a narrow gap. The container casing and the rotating base can be mounted on a common support device or on separate support devices. In the machine relating to the invention, the jacket can also be raised and lowered relative to the floor for the fine adjustment of the width of the gap over the entire container circumference.

Eine Maschine mit zur Spalteinstellung gegenüber dem rotierenden Boden heb- und senkbaren Behältermantel ist bereits bekannt (EP-A-0 171 527). Bei ihr kann die Spaltweite auf das gewünschte Maß ein- bzw. nachgestellt werden. Eine Nachstellung ist höchst zweckmäßig oder erforderlich, wenn sich die Spaltweite im Betrieb der Maschine durch Verschleiß der den Spalt begrenzenden Wände oder durch Quellung oder thermale Ausdehnung des Materials des Behältermantels bzw. des rotierenden Bodens verändert hat.A machine with a container casing that can be raised and lowered to adjust the gap relative to the rotating base is already known (EP-A-0 171 527). The gap width can be adjusted or adjusted to the desired size. Readjustment is highly useful or necessary if the gap width has changed during operation of the machine due to wear on the walls delimiting the gap or due to swelling or thermal expansion of the material of the container shell or of the rotating base.

So kann sich der Spalt durch Wärmedehnung des Behältermantels und insbesondere des Behälterbodens je nach deren Materialbeschaffenheit um mehr als 1 mm verringern, wenn sich der Werkstückaufnahmebehälter von Raumtemperatur vor Inbetriebsetzung der Maschine bis auf über 80°C während des Betriebs durch die dabei eintretenden Schleif- und Reibungsverhältnisse erwärmt. Auch der Verschleiß der den Spalt begrenzenden Wände des Behälters ist nicht unbeträchtlich, der durch die während der Bearbeitung erfolgende ständige Abführung des im Werkstückaufnahmebehälters verwendeten Schleifmittels zusammen mit der Bearbeitungsflüssigkeit durch den Spalt hindurch entsteht.The gap can be reduced by more than 1 mm due to thermal expansion of the container shell and in particular the container base, depending on the material properties, if the workpiece holder rises from room temperature before the machine is started up to over 80 ° C during operation due to the grinding and Friction warmed up. The wear of the walls of the container delimiting the gap is also not inconsiderable, which is caused by the constant removal of the abrasive used in the workpiece holder together with the processing liquid through the gap during processing.

Insbesondere bei zu bearbeitenden Werkstücken von geringen Abmessungen ist jedoch eine bestimmte Spaltweite von großer Bedeutung, um einerseits ein Eindringen der Werkstücke in den Spalt mit der Folge der Beschädigung der der Werkstücke sowie der den Spalt begrenzenden Wände des Behälters und andererseits einen zu starken Flüssigkeits- und Schleifmittelablauf durch den Spalt hindurch zu vermeiden.However, in particular for workpieces of small dimensions to be machined, a certain gap width is of great importance in order on the one hand to prevent the workpieces from penetrating into the gap, with the result that the workpieces and the walls of the container delimiting the gap are damaged, and on the other hand too much liquid and Avoid abrasive drain through the gap.

Bei der vorgenannten bekannten Maschine geschieht die Spaltfeineinstellung dadurch, daß zum Heben und Senken des Behältermantels Stellschrauben vorgesehen sind, über welche sich der Behältermantel auf seiner Trageinrichtung abstützt. Diese manuelle Nachstellung kann jedoch nur dann eine genau gleichbleibende Spaltweite gewährleisten, wenn sie genauestens entsprechend der erfolgten Veränderung der Spaltweite durchgeführt wird, was eine ständige Beobachtung oder Registrierung der Spaltweite bzw. ihrer Veränderung einerseits und eine häufige und genaue Nachstellung erforderlich macht.In the known machine mentioned above, the fine gap adjustment takes place in that adjusting screws are provided for lifting and lowering the container jacket, via which the container jacket is supported on its carrying device. However, this manual readjustment can only guarantee an exactly constant gap width if it is carried out exactly in accordance with the change in the gap width, which requires constant observation or registration of the gap width or its change on the one hand and frequent and exact readjustment.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bei den bisher bekannten Maschinen mit manueller Einstellung der Spaltweite gegebenen Probleme zu vermeiden, d.h. eine Maschine zu konzipieren, bei der eine gleichbleibende Spaltweite gewährleistet ist, ohne daß es dazu einer ständigen Kontrolle bedarf. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß das Heben und Senken des Behältermantels gegenüber dem Boden automatisch in Abhängigkeit von der gegebenen bzw. sich verändernden Spaltweite erfolgt, wozu eine mechanisch, hydraulisch, pneumatisch oder elektronisch arbeitende zum Messen der Weite des Spaltes bestimmte Meßeinrichtung vorgesehen ist, die mit einer Einrichtung für das automatische Heben und Senken des Mantels verbunden ist, welche durch die Meßergebnisse der Meßeinrichtung so steuerbar ist, daß die Spaltweite auf einen bestimmten Wert eingestellt bzw. auf diesem Wert gehalten wird. Mit einer solchen Einrichtung wird eine gewünschte Spaltweite über den gesamten Arbeitsprozeß der Maschine hinweg automatisch konstant gehalten, wodurch gewährleistet wird, daß relativ dünne Werkstücke mit einer Abmessung von weniger als 0,5 mm bearbeitet werden können, ohne daß ein Eindringen und Festsetzen der Werkstücke im Spalt mit der Folge einer Zerstörung oder Beschädiung der den Spalt begrenzenden Ränder des Behältermantels oder rotierenden Bodens erfolgt.The invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the problems existing in the previously known machines with manual adjustment of the gap width, i.e. to design a machine in which a constant gap width is guaranteed without the need for constant control. This is achieved according to the invention in that the lifting and lowering of the container casing relative to the floor takes place automatically as a function of the given or changing gap width, for which purpose a mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electronic measuring device is provided for measuring the width of the gap, which is connected to a device for the automatic lifting and lowering of the jacket, which can be controlled by the measurement results of the measuring device in such a way that the gap width is set to a certain value or is kept at this value. With such a device, a desired gap width is automatically kept constant over the entire working process of the machine, which ensures that relatively thin workpieces with a dimension of less than 0.5 mm can be processed without penetration and locking of the workpieces in the Gap occurs with the result of destruction or damage to the edges of the container shell or rotating bottom delimiting the gap.

Die vorgenannte, bei der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine vorgesehene Meßeinrichtung kann von einem hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Staudruckmesser gebildet sein, der in einer ein flüssiges oder gasförmiges Medium dem Spalt zuführenden Leitung angeordnet ist und den sich bei verändernder Spaltweite ändernden Staudruck dieses Mediums in dieser Zuleitung mißt. Die Messung des Staudrucks kann durch einen Drucksensor, beispielsweise einen induktiven oder piezoresistiven Druckmeßumformer handelsüblicher Bauart (z.B. Fabrikat "Jumo" der Firma M.K. Juchheim GmbH & Co., Fulda/BRD) vorgenommen werden, wodurch der gemessene Druck oder die gemessenen Druckveränderungen in elektrische Signale für die Steuerung der Heb- und Senkeinrichtung umgewandelt werden. Weitere mögliche Meßeinrichtungen sind in den Patentansprüchen angegeben.The aforementioned measuring device provided in the machine according to the invention can be formed by a hydraulic or pneumatic dynamic pressure gauge, which is arranged in a line which supplies the gap with a liquid or gaseous medium and which measures the dynamic pressure of this medium changing in this supply line as the gap width changes. The measurement of the dynamic pressure can be more commercially available using a pressure sensor, for example an inductive or piezoresistive pressure transmitter Type (eg make "Jumo" from MK Juchheim GmbH & Co., Fulda / FRG), whereby the measured pressure or the measured pressure changes are converted into electrical signals for controlling the lifting and lowering device. Further possible measuring devices are specified in the patent claims.

Die Einrichtung für das automatische Heben und Senken des Behältermantels kann vorteilhaft von einem oder mehreren elastisch zusammendrückbaren pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betätigbaren Kissen gebildet sein, das bzw. die am Behälterumfang auf einer in unveränderlicher Höhenlage gegenüber dem rotierenden Boden festgelegten Trageinrichtung aufliegen und den Behältermantel tragen. Das oder die Kissen können dabei von einem Schlauch oder von entsprechenden Schlauchabschnitten gebildet sein, der bzw. die am Behälterumfang zwischen der Trageinrichtung und dem Behältermantel angeordnet ist bzw. sind. Die Kissen können aber auch aus mehreren Bälgen oder sogenannten Luftfedern oder aber auch aus pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Hubzylindern bestehen, deren pneumatische oder hydraulische Füllung von der die Spaltweite messenden Meßeinrichtung steuerbar ist. Auch können hierfür vertikal arbeitende Gewindespindeln verwendet werden, die über an die Meßeinrichtung angeschlossene und von dieser gesteuerte Motore antreibbar sind.The device for the automatic lifting and lowering of the container casing can advantageously be formed by one or more elastically compressible, pneumatically or hydraulically actuated cushions, which rest on the circumference of the container on a support device fixed at a constant height relative to the rotating floor and carry the container casing. The cushion or cushions can be formed by a hose or by corresponding hose sections, which are arranged on the circumference of the container between the support device and the container jacket. However, the pillows can also consist of several bellows or so-called air springs, or else of pneumatic or hydraulic lifting cylinders, the pneumatic or hydraulic filling of which can be controlled by the measuring device measuring the gap width. Vertically operating threaded spindles can also be used for this purpose, which can be driven by motors connected to and controlled by the measuring device.

Im folgenden werden besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Fliehkraftbearbeitungsmaschine anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben:

  • Fig. 1 zeigt das erste Ausführungsbeispiel im Axialschnitt durch den Werkstückaufnahmebehälter und seine Trag- und antriebseinrichtung;
  • Fig. 2 veranschaulicht die bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehene Meßeinrichtung für die Spaltweite im Schnitt in größerer Darstellung;
  • Fig. 3 zeigt den bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zum Heben und Senken des Behältermantels vorgesehenen hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Schlauch im Schnitt in zwei unterschiedlichen Positionen;
  • Fig. 4 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine in gleicher Darstellungsweise wie Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 ist ein Schnitt durch einen Balg der Heb- und Senkeinrichtung dieses Ausführungsbeispiels;
  • Fig. 6 veranschaulicht das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine in gleicher Darstellungsweise wie Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7 zeigt eine Einzelheit von Fig. 6 in vergrößerter Schnittdarstellung.
Particularly advantageous exemplary embodiments of the centrifugal processing machine according to the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawing:
  • Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment in axial section through the workpiece receptacle and its support and drive device;
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the measuring device for the gap width provided in this embodiment in section in a larger representation;
  • Fig. 3 shows the hydraulic or pneumatic hose provided in this embodiment for lifting and lowering the container casing in section in two different positions;
  • Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the machine according to the invention in the same representation as Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a section through a bellows of the lifting and lowering device of this embodiment;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the third exemplary embodiment of the machine according to the invention in the same representation as FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 7 shows a detail of Fig. 6 in an enlarged sectional view.

Bei allen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen ist der Bearbeitungsbehälter von einem oberen zylindrischen Mantel 1 und einem unteren zu diesen koaxial gelagerten rotierenden tellerförmigen Boden 2 gebildet, der mit seinem Umfangsrang an den unteren Rand des Mantels unter Bildung eines Spaltes 3 heranragt. Unterhalb des tellerförmigen Bodens ist ein Auffangbehälter 4 für die durch den Spalt 3 hindurch ablaufende Bearbeitungsflüssigkeit angeordnet, durch dessen Boden hindurch die Antriebswelle 5 des tellerförmigen Bodens hindurchgreift, welcher über den unter dem Auffangbehälter 4 angeordneten Antriebsmotor 6 antreibbar ist.In all of the exemplary embodiments shown, the processing container is formed by an upper cylindrical casing 1 and a lower rotating plate-shaped base 2 which is coaxially mounted thereon and which extends with its circumferential rank to the lower edge of the casing to form a gap 3. Arranged below the plate-shaped base is a collecting container 4 for the processing liquid flowing through the gap 3, through the base of which the drive shaft 5 of the plate-shaped base passes through, which can be driven via the drive motor 6 arranged under the collecting container 4.

Der untere Auffangbehälter 4 bildet gleichzeitig die Trageinrichtung für den Behältermantel 1. Zu diesem Zwecke besitzt dieser in Draufsicht kreisrunde Behälter beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 an seinem oberen Rand einen radial abstehenden, um den gesamten Behälterrand umlaufenden Flansch 7, auf dessen Oberseite eine umlaufende Einsenkung angeordnet ist, in der ein ringförmig umlaufender hydraulischer oder pneumatischer elastischer Druckschlauch 8 gelagert ist, der in seinem Querschnitt im wesentlichen radial zusammendrückbar ist. An diesen Druckschlauch ist eine Leitung 9 für die Zu- und Abfuhr des zu seiner Füllung und Unterdrucksetzung dienenden flüssigen oder gasförmigen Mediums vorgesehen. Auf diesem Druckschlauch 8 liegt der Behälter 1 mit einem an seinem unteren Rand angeordneten und ebenfalls radial abstehenden Flansch 10 auf, der ebenso wie der Flansch 7 des unteren Behälters 4 an seiner dem Schlauch zugewandten Seite eine Einsenkung aufweist, in welche der Schlauch eingreift.The lower collecting container 4 also forms the supporting device for the container jacket 1. For this purpose, this container, which is circular in plan view in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, has at its upper edge a radially projecting flange 7 which runs around the entire container edge and has a flange on the upper side thereof Circumferential depression is arranged, in which a ring-shaped circumferential hydraulic or pneumatic elastic pressure hose 8 is mounted, the cross-section of which is essentially radially compressible. A line 9 is provided on this pressure hose for the supply and discharge of the liquid or gaseous medium used to fill and pressurize it. The container 1 rests on this pressure hose 8 with a flange 10 which is arranged on its lower edge and also projects radially and which, like the flange 7 of the lower container 4, has a depression on its side facing the hose, into which the hose engages.

Durch das Eigengewicht des Behältermantels 1 unterliegt der Schlauch 8 einer an seiner Oberseite einwirkenden Belastung, welche ihn aus seiner in Fig. 3 gezeigten kreisrunden Querschnittsform in eine ebenfalls in dieser Figur gezeigte flachgedrückte Querschnittsform mit geringerer Querschnittshöhe zusammenzudrücken sucht. Je nach Druckhöhe des im Schlauch befindlichen hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Druckmediums kann dieses Zusammenpressen verhindert oder in seinem Ausmaß gesteuert werden. Mit dem dadurch möglichen Heben und Senke des Behältermantels 1 wird die Weite des Spaltes 3 verändert, welcher Spalt sich bei dem dargestelltenDue to the weight of the container jacket 1, the hose 8 is subjected to a load acting on its upper side, which attempts to compress it from its circular cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 3 into a flattened cross-sectional shape, also shown in this figure, with a smaller cross-sectional height. Depending on the pressure level of the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium in the hose, this compression can be prevented or its extent can be controlled. With the possible lifting and lowering of the container casing 1, the width of the gap 3 is changed, which gap is shown in the

Ausführungsbeispiel etwa in einem Winkel von 45° zur Behälterachse erstreckt. Es sind aber auch andere Winkelstellungen des Spaltes gegenüber der Behälterachse möglich, wobei die Veränderung der Höhenlage des Behältermantels durch die von dem Druckschlauch 8 gebildete Heb- und Senkeinrichtung um so geringer wird, je geringer der Neigungswinkel des Spaltes zur Behälterachse ist.Embodiment extends approximately at an angle of 45 ° to the container axis. However, other angular positions of the gap with respect to the container axis are also possible, the change in the height of the container shell being made smaller by the lifting and lowering device formed by the pressure hose 8, the smaller the angle of inclination of the gap to the container axis.

Aus Gründen eines möglichst geringen Abriebs der Ränder des rotierenden Bodens 2 und des Behältermantels 1 an der Innenseite des Spaltes 3 dürfte es zweckmäßig sein, die Neigung des Spaltes 3 zur Behälterachse X so zu wählen, daß möglichst keine scharfen Kanten an den vorgenannten Rändern entstehen.For the sake of the least possible abrasion of the edges of the rotating base 2 and the container casing 1 on the inside of the gap 3, it should be expedient to choose the inclination of the gap 3 to the container axis X in such a way that no sharp edges occur at the aforementioned edges.

Es ist möglich, daß sich der Druckschlauch 8 nicht über den gesamten Behälterumfang erstreckt, sondern nur über einen großen Teil desselben. Es ist auch möglich, mehrere sich nur jeweils über einen Teil des Behälterumfangs erstreckende Schlauchabschnitte vorzusehen, von welchen jeder über eine Leitung 9 mit der Druckquelle für die Speisung dieser Abschnitte mit Druckmittel verbunden ist. In diesen Fällen sollte allerdings eine eigene Abdichtung zwischen den beiden Flanschen 7, 10 des Auffangbehältrs 4 und des Mantels 1 des Bearbeitungsbehälters vorgesehen sein.It is possible that the pressure hose 8 does not extend over the entire circumference of the container, but only over a large part thereof. It is also possible to provide a plurality of hose sections, each of which extends only over part of the container circumference, each of which is connected via a line 9 to the pressure source for supplying these sections with pressure medium. In these cases, however, a separate seal should be provided between the two flanges 7, 10 of the collecting container 4 and the jacket 1 of the processing container.

Zur Aufrechterhaltung der zentrischen Lage des Behältermantels 1 gegenüber dem rotierenden Boden 2 sind über den Umfang des Behältermantels 1 gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnete Führungsbolzen 11 vorgesehen, die sich achsparallel zur Behälterachse X erstrecken und mit ihrem Ende am Flansch 7 der Trageinrichtung 4 durch Schraubung befestigt sind. Diese Führungsbolzen greifen durch Bohrungen im Flansch 10 des Behältermantels 1 hindurch, wodurch dieser an den Führungsbolzen auf- und abbewegbar geführt ist. Die Führungsbolzen sind an ihrem oberhalb des Flansches 10 befindlichen Ende mit einer Druckfeder 12 versehen ist, die sich einerseits am Kopf 13 des Führungsbolzens und andererseits an der Oberseite des Flansches 10 abstützt und den Behältermantel 1 unter Zusammendrückung des Schlauches 8 gegen die Trageinrichtung 4 zu drücken sucht.In order to maintain the central position of the container casing 1 with respect to the rotating base 2, guide bolts 11 are provided which are uniformly distributed over the circumference of the container casing 1 and which extend axially parallel to the container axis X and are fastened with their ends to the flange 7 of the carrying device 4 by screwing. These guide bolts reach through Bores in the flange 10 of the container shell 1, whereby it is guided up and down on the guide pin. The guide bolts are provided at their end located above the flange 10 with a compression spring 12, which is supported on the one hand on the head 13 of the guide bolt and on the other hand on the top of the flange 10 and to press the container jacket 1 against the carrying device 4 by compressing the hose 8 looking for.

Die zum Heben und Senken des Behältermantels dienende Meßeinrichtung besteht bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Druckmeßumformer 14, der in einer hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Zuleitung 15 angeordnet ist, die am unteren Rand des Behältermantels 1 in den Spalt 3 hinein ausmündet. Durch diese Zuleitung wird flüssiges oder gasförmiges Medium in den Spalt eingeleitet, und zwar so, daß dieses Medium etwa senkrecht auf den den Spalt 3 begrenzenden Rand des Bodens 2 auftrifft. Das Abströmen dieses Mediums aus dem Spalt heraus ist abhängig von der Spaltweite. Der dadurch in der Zuleitung 15 im Medium entstehende Staudruck wird bei dessen gleichbleibender Zufuhr geringer, wenn der Spalt 3 weiter wird, und größer, wenn der Spalt schmäler wird. Diese Staudruckänderung wird durch den Druckmeßumformer gemessen und in elektrische Signale umgewandelt, welche über elektrische Leitungen 18 an eine in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte elektronische Steuerungseinrichtung weitergegeben werden. Diese Steuerung regelt z.B. über ein in der Zeichnung nicht dargestelltes Druckregelventil, das in der von der Mediumquelle zum Schlauch 8 führenden Leitung 9 angeordnet ist, die Höhe des Mediumdruckes im Schlauch 8. Damit können die vom Druckmeßumformer 14 ermittelten Staudruckwerte in der Zuleitung 15, welche die Spaltweite anzeigen, zur automatischen Auf- und Abbewegung des Behältermantels 1 und damit zur automatischen Einstellung der Weite des Spaltes 3 dienen.The measuring device used to raise and lower the container shell consists in this embodiment of a pressure transducer 14 which is arranged in a hydraulic or pneumatic feed line 15 which opens into the gap 3 at the lower edge of the container shell 1. Liquid or gaseous medium is introduced into the gap through this feed line, in such a way that this medium strikes the edge of the base 2 delimiting the gap 3 approximately perpendicularly. The outflow of this medium out of the gap depends on the gap width. The resulting dynamic pressure in the supply line 15 in the medium becomes smaller when the supply is constant, if the gap 3 widens, and larger if the gap becomes narrower. This dynamic pressure change is measured by the pressure transducer and converted into electrical signals, which are transmitted via electrical lines 18 to an electronic control device, not shown in the drawing. This control regulates, for example, a pressure control valve, not shown in the drawing, which is arranged in the line 9 leading from the medium source to the hose 8, the level of the medium pressure in the hose 8. Thus, the dynamic pressure values determined by the pressure transducer 14 in the feed line 15, which display the gap width for automatic up and down movement of the Serve container shell 1 and thus for the automatic adjustment of the width of the gap 3.

Der bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehene, sich um den gesamten Behälterumfang herumerstreckende Druckschlauch 8 dient nicht nur zum Heben und Senken des Behältermantels 1, sondern hat außerdem noch die vorteilhafte Wirkung einer guten Abdichtung zwischen dem Behältermantel und des ihn tragenden Auffangbehälters 4, was dazu führt, daß die aus dem Bearbeitungsbehälter durch den Spalt 3 hindurch ablaufende Bearbeitungsflüssigkeit vollständig in dem Auffangbehälter 4 aufgefangen wird.The provided in this embodiment, extending around the entire container circumference pressure hose 8 not only serves to raise and lower the container shell 1, but also has the advantageous effect of a good seal between the container shell and the container 4 carrying it, which leads to the fact that the processing liquid flowing out of the processing container through the gap 3 is completely collected in the collecting container 4.

Das in Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich hinsichtlich Ausbildung und Anordnung des Mantels 1 und des tellerförmigen Bodens 2 des Bearbeitungsbehälters, des dazwischen befindlichen Spaltes 3, des als Trageinrichtung für den Mantel dienenden Auffangbehälters 4, der Lagerung und des Antriebs des Bodens 2 und der Führung des Behältermantels nicht oder im wesentlichen nicht vom Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3, so daß in der Zeichnung für jeweils gleiche Teile die gleichen Bezugsziffern verwendet sind. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Einrichtung zum Heben und Senken des Mantels 1 des Bearbeitungsbehälters jedoch nicht von einem umlaufenden Druckschlauch, sondern von über den Behälterumfang gleichmäßig verteilt angeordneten Druckbälgen 19 gebildet, die in gleicher Weise, wie der Druckschlauch 8 beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 an eine Zuleitung 20 für hydraulisches oder pneumatisches Druckmittel angeschlossen sind. Anstelle dieser Druckbälge können auch anders ausgebildete Druckkissen vorgesehen sein. Zum Messen der Spaltweite dient in diesem Falle eine Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 21, die einen in den Auffangbehälter 4 hineinragenden Temperaturfühler 22 besitzt, welcher die Temperatur der in diesem Behälter 4 befindlichen Flüssigkeit mißt. Die dabei von der Temperaturmeßeinrichtung 21 ermittelten Meßwerte werden elektrisch über Signalleitungen 23 an die zur Steuerung des pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Drucks in den Druckbälgen 19 bzw. Druckkissen dienende Einrichtung weitergegeben.The exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 differs with regard to the design and arrangement of the casing 1 and the plate-shaped bottom 2 of the processing container, the gap 3 located therebetween, the collecting container 4 serving as a supporting device for the casing, the storage and the drive of the base 2 and the leadership of the container jacket not or essentially not from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, so that the same reference numerals are used in the drawing for the same parts. In this embodiment, the device for lifting and lowering the jacket 1 of the processing container is not formed by a circumferential pressure hose, but by pressure bellows 19 arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the container, which in the same way as the pressure hose 8 in the embodiment according to FIGS 3 are connected to a feed line 20 for hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium. Instead of these pressure bellows, differently designed pressure pads can also be provided. In this case, a temperature measuring device 21, which protrudes into the collecting container 4, is used to measure the gap width Has temperature sensor 22 which measures the temperature of the liquid in this container 4. The measured values determined by the temperature measuring device 21 are passed on electrically via signal lines 23 to the device serving to control the pneumatic or hydraulic pressure in the pressure bellows 19 or pressure cushion.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird also die Spaltweite nicht direkt abgetastet, sondern nur indirekt über die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit gemessen, die durch den Spalt 3 hindurch in den Auffangbehälter 4 abläuft, von welcher Temperatur die Wärmedehnung der Teile des Bearbeitungsbehälters abhängt, welche die Weite des Spaltes beeinflußt.In this embodiment, the gap width is therefore not scanned directly, but is only measured indirectly via the temperature of the liquid which runs through the gap 3 into the collecting container 4, on which temperature the thermal expansion of the parts of the processing container depends, which influences the width of the gap .

Auch bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 6 sind der Bearbeitungsbehälter mit Mantel 1 und Boden 2, der Spalt 3, der die Trageinrichtung für den Mantel 1 bildende Auffangbehälter 4 und der Antrieb für den Behälterboden 2 sowie die Führung für die Auf- und Abbewegung des Behältermantels 1 in gleicher Weise wie bei demjenigen gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 ausgebildet und mit gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen. Als Heb- und Senkeinrichtung dienen bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel pneumatische oder hydraulische Hubzylinder 24, die am Flansch 7 des Auffangbehälters 4 gleichmäßig über dessen Umfang verteilt angeordnet sind und nach oben gegen den Flansch 10 des Mantels 1 des Bearbeitungsbehälters ragende Kolben 25 haben, auf deren Stirnfläche der Mantel 1 mit seinem Flansch 10 aufliegt. Über pneumatische oder hydraulische Leitungen 26 sind diese Zylinder mit einer Druckmittelquelle verbunden, welche die Speisung der vorgenannten Hubzylinder 24 mit Druckmittel steuert. Diese Steuerung wird über eine Meßeinrichtung durchgeführt, die bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel von einem mechanischen, in den Spalt hineinbewegbaren Fühler 27 gebildet wird. Dieser Fühler ist in dem den Spalt 3 begrenzenden unteren Rand des Mantels 1 in Richtung der Spaltweite in einem in den Mantel 1 eingesetzten Gehäuse 32 verschiebbar gelagert und kann mit seinem Kopf durch eine ggfs. von Zeit zu Zeit auf ihn einwirkende Kraft bis zur Anlage an den Rand den Bodens 2 vorgeschoben werden. Die bei dieser vorgeschobenen Stellung befindliche Lage des Fühlers 27 wird durch einen induktiven Meßtaster 28 gemessen und auf einer Meßuhr 29 angezeigt. Das Meßergebnis wird über Signalleitungen 30 an die Steuerung der Druckmittelquelle für die Speisung der Hubzylinder 24 weitergegeben.6 are the processing container with jacket 1 and bottom 2, the gap 3, the container 4 forming the supporting device for the jacket 1 and the drive for the tank bottom 2 and the guide for the up and down movement of the container jacket 1 in the same manner as in that of FIGS. 1 to 3 and provided with the same reference numerals. In this exemplary embodiment, pneumatic or hydraulic lifting cylinders 24 serve as lifting and lowering devices, which are arranged on the flange 7 of the collecting container 4 evenly distributed over its circumference and have pistons 25 projecting upwards against the flange 10 of the jacket 1 of the processing container, on the end face of which Jacket 1 rests with its flange 10. These cylinders are connected via pneumatic or hydraulic lines 26 to a pressure medium source which controls the supply of the aforementioned lifting cylinders 24 with pressure medium. This control is carried out via a measuring device, which in this embodiment is a mechanical, in the gap movable sensor 27 is formed. This sensor is displaceably mounted in the lower edge of the jacket 1 delimiting the gap 3 in the direction of the gap width in a housing 32 inserted into the jacket 1 and, with its head, may act on it from time to time until it comes to rest the edge of the bottom 2 are advanced. The position of the sensor 27 in this advanced position is measured by an inductive probe 28 and displayed on a dial gauge 29. The measurement result is passed on via signal lines 30 to the control of the pressure medium source for feeding the lifting cylinders 24.

Wenn der Fühler 27 während des Betriebs der Bearbeitungsmaschine nicht ständig an der Wandung des rotierenden Bodens 2 anliegt, wird ein starker Verschleiß verhindert. Durch automatische Steuerung kann dieser Fühler in jeweils einstellbaren oder festgelegten Zeitabständen, beispielsweise alle 15 oder 30 Minuten, während des Betriebs der Maschine kurzzeitig in den Rand des rotierenden Bodens 2 herangeschoben und sofort nach erfolgter Messung der Spaltweite in eine Ausgangsstellung zurückgezogen werden, in der der Fühler nicht am Bodenrand anliegt.If the sensor 27 is not constantly in contact with the wall of the rotating floor 2 during operation of the processing machine, severe wear is prevented. Through automatic control, this sensor can be briefly pushed into the edge of the rotating floor 2 at adjustable or fixed time intervals, for example every 15 or 30 minutes, during operation of the machine and can be retracted to a starting position immediately after measuring the gap width in which the Sensor does not touch the bottom edge.

Um auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine ausreichende Abdichtung zwischen dem Mantel 1 des Bearbeitungsbehälters und em darunter befindlichen Auffangbehälter 4 zu gewährleisten, ist zwischen deren beiden Flanschen 7, 10 ein elastischer Dichtungsring 31 angeordnet.In order to ensure a sufficient seal between the jacket 1 of the processing container and the collecting container 4 located underneath in this exemplary embodiment, an elastic sealing ring 31 is arranged between the two flanges 7, 10 thereof.

Es ist auch möglich, im wesentlichen vertikal arbeitende Gewindespindeln od.dgl. als Heb- und Meßeinrichtung vorzusehen, die vorzugsweise an der Trageinrichtung für den Mantel 1 des Bearbeitungsbehälters, beispielsweise bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen am Flansch 7 des Auffangbehälters 4, gelagert sind und den Mantel 1 tragen, welche Gewindespindeln über an die Meßeinrichtung angeschlossene und von dieser gesteuerte Motore antreibbar sind.It is also possible to use essentially vertically operating threaded spindles or the like. To be provided as a lifting and measuring device, which is preferably on the support device for the jacket 1 of the processing container, for example in the illustrated embodiments on the flange 7 of the Collecting container 4 are stored and carry the jacket 1, which threaded spindles can be driven by motors connected to the measuring device and controlled by it.

Es ist auch möglich, die Meßeinrichtung außerhalb des unteren Randes des Behältermantels 1 anzuordnen und außerhalb des Spaltes 3 auf eine in dieser Richtung vorgesehene Verbreiterung des Randes des rotierenden Bodens 2 wirken zu lassen.It is also possible to arrange the measuring device outside the lower edge of the container casing 1 and to let it act outside the gap 3 on a widening of the edge of the rotating base 2 provided in this direction.

Ist die erfindungsgemäße Heb- und Senkeinrichtung von pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Art, wie beispielsweise bei den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß Fig. 1 bis 5, kann es zweckmäßig sein, daß in den pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Zuleitungen von Hand steuerbare Organe zur individuellen Einstellung des Heb- und Senkdrucks dieser Einrichtung unabhängig von den Meßergebnissen der Meßeinrichtung vorgesehen sind, um ein Heben und Senken des Mantels 1 des Bearbeitungsbehälters auch unabhängig von den Meßergebnissen der Meßeinrichtung durchführen zu können.If the lifting and lowering device according to the invention is of a pneumatic or hydraulic type, such as, for example, in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5, it may be expedient for organs which can be controlled by hand in the pneumatic or hydraulic feed lines to individually adjust the lifting and lowering pressure thereof Device are provided independently of the measurement results of the measuring device in order to be able to raise and lower the jacket 1 of the processing container independently of the measurement results of the measuring device.

Claims (13)

1. A centrifugal processing machine for the mechanical processing, for example grinding, polishing, cleaning and deburring, of workpieces, with a processing container which serves to accommodate the workpieces and processing agents and which comprises a substantially cylindrical casing and a rotating base in the form of a dish which is mounted coaxially with said casing and which, at its peripheral edge, projects towards the cylindrical casing forming a narrow gap, where the casing can be raised and lowered in relation to the base for the fine adjustment of the width of the gap around the entire periphery of the container, characterised in that a mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electronically operating measuring device (14;27,28) is provided which serves to measure the width of the gap (3) and which is connected to a device (8,9;19,20;24,25,26) for automatically raising and lowering the casing (1), which device can be controlled by the measurement results of the measuring device in such manner that the width of the gap is adjusted to and maintained at a specific value.
2. A machine as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the measuring device (14) is formed by a hydraulic or pneumatic dynamic pressure indicator which is arranged in a hydraulic or pneumatic feed line (15) which, at one of the two walls defining the gap (3), in a direction approximately perpendicular to the opposite wall of the gap, opens into the gap or into the vicinity of the gap.
3. A machine as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the hydraulic or pneumatic feed line (15) is arranged in the lower edge of the container casing (1) which defines the gap (3).
4. A machine as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the dynamic pressure indicator comprises a pressure transducer which electrically releases its measurement results.
5. A machine as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the measuring device (27,28) comprises at least one mechanical sensor (27) which is displaceably mounted on or in the vicinity of the lower edge of the casing (1) which defines the gap (3), in such manner that it can be advanced to bear against the opposite peripheral edge of the base (2).
6. A machine as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the measuring device is a temperature measuring device (21) which is connected to the drive or the device for raising and lowering the container casing and which comprises a temperature sensor (22) which is arranged in a collecting chamber (4) under the base (2) or container casing (1) and which measures the temperature of the fluid contained in the collecting chamber or in the interior of the container.
7. A machine as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the device (8,9;19,20) for automatically raising and lowering the container casing is formed by one or more resiliently compressible, pneumatically or hydraulically operated pads (8,19) which, at the periphery of the container, bear upon a supporting device (4), which is secured at a fixed height in relation to the base (2), and support the casing (1).
8. A machine as claimed in Claim 7, characterised in that the pad (8) is formed by a resilient, annular tube or by corresponding tube sections which is/are arranged between the supporting device (4) and the container casing (1).
9. A machine as claimed in Claim 8, characterised in that the resilient tube or tube sections has/have an internal diameter of 15 to 30 mm.
10. A machine as claimed in Claim 7, characterised in that the pad (19) is formed by one or more pneumatic or hydraulic springs or bellows.
11. A machine as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the device (24) for automatically raising and lowering the container casing (1) is formed by piston-cylinder units (24,25) distributed around the periphery of the container.
12. A machine as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the device for automatically raising and lowering the container casing (1) is formed by threaded spindles which are distributed around the periphery of the container, operate substantially vertically and are motor-driven.
13. A machine as claimed in one or more of Claims 5 to 10, characterised in that in the feed lines (9,20) of the pneumatic or hydraulic raising and lowering device (8, 9;19, 20) are arranged manually controllable elements for the individual adjustment of the raising and lowering pressure independently of the results supplied by the measuring device (14; 27, 28).
EP88121846A 1988-01-28 1988-12-29 Centrifugal force machining apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0325799B1 (en)

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DE3802542 1988-01-28

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US4939871A (en) 1990-07-10
ES2030841T3 (en) 1992-11-16
JPH01289655A (en) 1989-11-21
DE3869115D1 (en) 1992-04-16
DE3802542C1 (en) 1989-08-24
CA1325517C (en) 1993-12-28
EP0325799A2 (en) 1989-08-02
EP0325799A3 (en) 1990-03-14

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