EP0299292A2 - Régulateur de tension longitudinale avec réduction du courant de retour - Google Patents

Régulateur de tension longitudinale avec réduction du courant de retour Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0299292A2
EP0299292A2 EP88110506A EP88110506A EP0299292A2 EP 0299292 A2 EP0299292 A2 EP 0299292A2 EP 88110506 A EP88110506 A EP 88110506A EP 88110506 A EP88110506 A EP 88110506A EP 0299292 A2 EP0299292 A2 EP 0299292A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
output
regulator
transistor
longitudinal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88110506A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0299292A3 (fr
Inventor
Gert Dipl.-Ing. Rudolph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics GmbH
Original Assignee
SGS Thomson Microelectronics GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by SGS Thomson Microelectronics GmbH filed Critical SGS Thomson Microelectronics GmbH
Publication of EP0299292A2 publication Critical patent/EP0299292A2/fr
Publication of EP0299292A3 publication Critical patent/EP0299292A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • G05F1/569—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection
    • G05F1/571—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overvoltage detector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a longitudinal voltage regulator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a longitudinal voltage regulator is shown, for example, in FIG. 1 of DE-PS 33 41 345, but the type of load remains open.
  • Longitudinal voltage regulators of this type are used, for example, to supply microprocessors or microcomputers.
  • a buffer capacitor is usually connected in parallel with the controller output in order to absorb voltage drops in the controller output voltage feeding the microprocessor or microcomputer. Such voltage dips occur when voltage dips in the regulator input voltage occur which can no longer be corrected by the series voltage regulator.
  • Such a longitudinal voltage regulator the output voltage of which is buffered with the aid of a capacitor connected in parallel with the output, is known from ELEKTRONIK 1974, number 1, pages 30 and 31.
  • Modern microprocessors or microcomputers are able to internally save their operating state and their storage values in the event of a drop in the supply voltage supplied to them. It's all for that However, a minimum supply voltage must be maintained for a certain time.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this, i.e. to improve the series voltage regulator specified at the outset in such a way that it discharges the output-side buffer capacitor much more slowly in the event of a voltage dip on the input side.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that when the regulator input voltage drops below the nominal regulator output voltage stored in the buffer capacitor, the regulating element formed by a regulating transistor or current mirror arranged in the longitudinal regulator branch switches to inverse operation. That is, the control element begins to conduct in the direction opposite to normal operation, which leads to an output reverse current of the series voltage regulator, the direction of which is opposite to that of the normal regulator output current and thus the Buffer capacitor discharges. As a result of this discharge of the buffer capacitor, there is a drop in the regulator output voltage, which the series voltage regulator attempts to regulate via its error amplifier. The result of this is that the error amplifier drives the control transistor with increasing strength, which leads to a rapid increase in the output reverse current of the series voltage regulator and thus to an accelerated breakdown of the voltage across the buffer capacitor. This output reverse current is only limited by the current gain of the control transistor. However, since this is possibly quite high in order to achieve good normal operation of the series voltage regulator, an output reverse current of enormous magnitude arises and thus a very rapid breakdown of the voltage across the buffer capacitor.
  • the comparator detects the drop in the controller input voltage below the controller nominal output voltage and, when this operating state occurs, the control transistor is switched off using the controllable switch. Since this also causes the control element to be switched off, the control element is prevented from drawing an output reverse current. The consequence of this is that the voltage across the buffer capacitor can easily be kept above the minimum voltage value for a sufficiently long time, so that the microprocessor or microcomputer has enough time to achieve the internal state and data backup.
  • control current mirror with current amplification as the control element, which leads to a corresponding current reduction in the inverse operation of the control element. Any leakage current that is supplied to the control current mirror despite the control transistor being switched off then only causes an output reverse current of the series voltage regulator that is reduced in accordance with the reciprocal of the current mirror current gain.
  • Such current amplification of the control current mirror can be achieved by making the active semiconductor area of the current mirror transistor larger than the active semiconductor area of the current mirror diode to an extent corresponding to the desired current mirror gain.
  • the switching transistor can either be connected in parallel to the control input side of the control transistor, so that the controllable switch in its activated state switches the control transistor off directly. Or you can switch the controllable switch in the main circuit of the control transistor and interrupt the main circuit by the activated controllable switch. Furthermore, the controllable switch can be used to switch off the reference voltage in the case of the activated controllable switch. You can either switch off the reference voltage source or switch the controllable switch between the reference voltage source and the reference voltage input of the error amplifier, such that the controllable switch in its activated state switches the reference voltage input of the error amplifier to Reference potential of the longitudinal voltage regulator, for example to ground potential.
  • the regulated output voltage of the longitudinal voltage regulator for example when supplying microcomputers, is often in the range of 5 V, for the sake of safety one expects overvoltages of up to 50 V. Because on the one hand the on-board voltage of trucks is usually 24 V and on the other hand the alternator or its regulator can Deliver overvoltages of approximately the same level, so that a total voltage of approximately twice the nominal battery voltage can result. Since the breakdown voltage of the differential amplifiers used for conventional comparators is far below such voltage values, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the series voltage regulator according to the invention, the two comparator inputs are preceded by protective diodes which have a dielectric strength that takes such overvoltages into account.
  • This offset behavior of the comparator can be achieved by appropriate dimensioning of its differential amplifier stage.
  • a preferred possibility is to dimension the active semiconductor areas of the two voltage protection diodes so differently that the desired offset behavior is achieved.
  • the comparator is preferably designed as a control electrode-coupled differential amplifier, in the case of using bipolar transistors as a base-coupled differential amplifier.
  • the voltage which is proportional to the controller output voltage and which is fed to the error amplifier is usually obtained with the aid of a voltage divider connected in parallel with the controller output.
  • a high-resistance voltage divider is preferably used in order to keep the output reverse current of the series voltage regulator and thus the discharge load on the buffer capacitor as low as possible when the controllable switch is activated and the control element is therefore switched off.
  • the series voltage regulator according to the invention can be constructed with bipolar transistors, with field effect transistors, in particular MOS transistors, or with both types of transistors. In a preferred embodiment, it is designed as a monolithically integrated semiconductor circuit.
  • the current of the control transistor is only limited, but neither the control transistor nor the control transistor is switched off.
  • the differential circuit supplies the output signal which intervenes via the limiting transistor at a different threshold value than the circuit according to the invention.
  • Even if in the known longitudinal voltage regulators caused by the differential circuit of the limiting intervention there can still be a very high output reverse current, which very quickly discharges a buffer capacitor connected to the output of such a known longitudinal voltage regulator. Because when the input voltage drops to the nominal value of the controller output voltage after the limiting transistor has been used, a high output reverse current flows, which is at least just below the quite high saturation current of the control transistor and thus represents an enormous load for the buffer capacitor, which leads to its very rapid discharge.
  • These known longitudinal voltage regulators can therefore hardly enable the microprocessor or microcomputer supplied by them to secure their internal status and data.
  • a control element in the form of a control current mirror with a transistor Q1 connected as a diode in the diode branch and a transistor Q2 in the transistor branch is provided in the supply voltage-side longitudinal branch of the longitudinal voltage regulator shown in the figure, i.e. between an input E and an output A.
  • both transistors are designed as PNP transistors. Their emitters are connected together to the controller input E.
  • the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of a control transistor Q3, while the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to controller output A.
  • the control transistor Q3 is designed as a bipolar NPN transistor. Its base is connected to the output of an error amplifier F. A reference voltage VREF is present at its non-inverting input. Its inverting input is connected to a voltage divider point of a voltage divider connected in parallel with the regulator output A with two resistors R1 and R2.
  • a buffer capacitor CA is connected in parallel to controller output A.
  • the part of the circuit shown in the figure described so far corresponds to the construction of conventional longitudinal voltage regulators. It comes with a longitudinal tension Regulator, which only has the circuit part described, to a drop in the input voltage VE below the nominal value of the output voltage VA, Q2 of the current mirror reaches an inverse operating state, ie the emitter and collector of this transistor interchange their function. The result is an output reverse current discharging the buffer capacitor CA through the transistor Q2.
  • the error amplifier F tries to compensate for the drop in the controller output voltage resulting from the discharge of the buffer capacitor, for which purpose it controls the control transistor Q3 in an increasingly more conductive manner. This leads to a rapid increase in the output reverse current flowing through Q2 and to a strong acceleration of the discharge of the buffer capacitor CA.
  • a comparator with two PNP transistors Q4 and Q5 and two NPN transistors Q6 and Q7 is provided according to the invention.
  • Transistors Q4 and Q5 form a differential amplifier, the inputs of which are formed by the emitters of transistors Q4 and Q5, which are connected to controller input E and controller output A via a diode D2 and D1, respectively.
  • the collectors of Q4 and Q5 are connected to ground via load elements in the form of transistors Q6 and Q7, respectively.
  • a connection point K between the collectors of transistors Q4 and Q6 forms the output of the comparator and is connected to the base of a PNP switching transistor Q8 which forms the controllable switch. Its emitter is connected to the base of the control transistor Q3, while its collector is connected to ground. The emitter of the control transistor Q3 and the ends of the voltage divider R1, R2 and the buffer capacitor CA not connected to the regulator output A are also connected to ground.
  • the transistors Q6 and Q7 serving as load elements form a load current mirror, for which purpose the transistor Q7 is connected as a diode.
  • the transistors Q4 and Q5 forming the differential amplifier are each formed with a double collector, the collectors of Q4 and Q5 not connected to the load current mirror Q6, Q7 being connected to a switching point P connecting the base electrodes of the two transistors Q4 and Q5.
  • Each of the two double-collector transistors Q4 and Q5 thus forms a current mirror.
  • the circuit point P is connected to ground via a constant current source S.
  • the diodes D1 and D2 are connected with their cathodes to the emitters of the transistors Q5 and Q4 and with their anodes to the controller output A and the controller input E.
  • the active semiconductor area of the diode D1 is preferably ten times as large as the active area of the diode D2.
  • the active semiconductor area of the transistor Q2 is made larger than the active semiconductor area of the transistor Q1 to an extent corresponding to the desired current gain.
  • the active semiconductor area of Q2 is made B times as large as that of transistor Q1. If a certain leakage current enters the input branch of the control current mirror Q1, Q2 when the switching transistor Q8 is activated and thus when the control transistor Q3 is switched off, this only leads to a collector current of the transistor Q2 reduced by a factor of 1 / B and thus to a correspondingly small output reverse current.
  • the comparator Q4 to Q7 turns the switching transistor Q8 on via its output K, whereby the control transistor Q3 is switched off. This blocks the control current mirror Q1, Q2, so that it cannot draw an output reverse current.
  • the buffer capacitor CA can now only be loaded with the current flowing through the voltage divider R1, R2 and the emitter current of the transistor Q5. These currents can be selected by choosing a high-resistance voltage divider and by a current source S, which only delivers a low base current in the differential current mirror Q4, Q5, be kept very low.
  • the output reverse current thus remains limited to a very low current value, so that the buffer capacitor CA is discharged only correspondingly slowly and the microprocessor or microcomputer supplied by the series voltage regulator has sufficient time for internal status and Has backup.
  • the switching transistor Q8 remains switched off, so that the regulator properties of the series voltage regulator in this normal operating state are practically not impaired by the circuit arrangement protecting against high output reverse current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
EP88110506A 1987-07-16 1988-06-30 Régulateur de tension longitudinale avec réduction du courant de retour Withdrawn EP0299292A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873723579 DE3723579C1 (de) 1987-07-16 1987-07-16 Laengsspannungsregler
DE3723579 1987-07-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0299292A2 true EP0299292A2 (fr) 1989-01-18
EP0299292A3 EP0299292A3 (fr) 1989-05-10

Family

ID=6331728

Family Applications (1)

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EP88110506A Withdrawn EP0299292A3 (fr) 1987-07-16 1988-06-30 Régulateur de tension longitudinale avec réduction du courant de retour

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0299292A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01158515A (fr)
DE (1) DE3723579C1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0511920A1 (fr) * 1991-04-30 1992-11-04 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Sa Circuit d'excitation périodique à niveau variable d'une charge capacitive
KR20150048763A (ko) * 2012-09-07 2015-05-07 세이코 인스트루 가부시키가이샤 볼티지 레귤레이터

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19542823C2 (de) * 1995-11-16 1997-09-04 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Hysteresebehaftete Komparatorschaltung zur Verwendung bei einer Spannungsregelungsschaltung
JP4728741B2 (ja) * 2005-08-23 2011-07-20 フリースケール セミコンダクター インコーポレイテッド ディスチャージ装置及び直流電源システム
JP5331515B2 (ja) * 2009-02-27 2013-10-30 新日本無線株式会社 安定化電源回路
JP2011238103A (ja) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-24 Renesas Electronics Corp 電源回路
DE102015216928B4 (de) 2015-09-03 2021-11-04 Dialog Semiconductor (Uk) Limited Regler mit Überspannungsklemme und entsprechende Verfahren

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2554990A1 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-17 Ates Deutschland Halbleiter Circuit regulateur de tension serie
JPS60163113A (ja) * 1984-02-02 1985-08-26 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Ｍｏｓ集積回路用定電圧回路
JPS6155718A (ja) * 1984-08-28 1986-03-20 Fujitsu Ltd 安定化電源装置
EP0238803A1 (fr) * 1986-01-28 1987-09-30 Nec Corporation Alimentation électrique régulée

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5244420B2 (fr) * 1973-06-11 1977-11-08
IT1120243B (it) * 1979-12-19 1986-03-19 Merloni Elettrodomestici Spa Perfezionamento nei sistemi di preservazione di dati in circuiti digitali in mancanza temporanea di energia elettrica di alimentazione
DE3016244A1 (de) * 1980-04-26 1981-10-29 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Spitzenspannungsspeicher

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2554990A1 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-17 Ates Deutschland Halbleiter Circuit regulateur de tension serie
JPS60163113A (ja) * 1984-02-02 1985-08-26 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Ｍｏｓ集積回路用定電圧回路
JPS6155718A (ja) * 1984-08-28 1986-03-20 Fujitsu Ltd 安定化電源装置
EP0238803A1 (fr) * 1986-01-28 1987-09-30 Nec Corporation Alimentation électrique régulée

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 10, Nr. 220 (P-482)[2276], 31. Juli 1986; & JP-A-61 55 718 (FUJITSU LTD) 20-03-1986 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 10, Nr. 7 (P-419)[2064], 11. Januar 1986; & JP-A-60 163 113 (SEIKO DENSHI KOGYO K.K.) 26-08-1985 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0511920A1 (fr) * 1991-04-30 1992-11-04 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Sa Circuit d'excitation périodique à niveau variable d'une charge capacitive
US5343084A (en) * 1991-04-30 1994-08-30 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.A. Variable level periodic excitation circuit for a capacitive load
KR20150048763A (ko) * 2012-09-07 2015-05-07 세이코 인스트루 가부시키가이샤 볼티지 레귤레이터
EP2894537A4 (fr) * 2012-09-07 2016-04-27 Régulateur de tension

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0299292A3 (fr) 1989-05-10
JPH01158515A (ja) 1989-06-21
DE3723579C1 (de) 1989-02-16

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