EP0281508B1 - Apparatus for degassing molten metal - Google Patents

Apparatus for degassing molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281508B1
EP0281508B1 EP88810019A EP88810019A EP0281508B1 EP 0281508 B1 EP0281508 B1 EP 0281508B1 EP 88810019 A EP88810019 A EP 88810019A EP 88810019 A EP88810019 A EP 88810019A EP 0281508 B1 EP0281508 B1 EP 0281508B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
molten metal
side wall
chamber
wall portion
disposed
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EP88810019A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0281508A1 (en
Inventor
Howard A. Mcdonald
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3A Composites International AG
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Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
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Priority to AT88810019T priority Critical patent/ATE64157T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • C22B9/055—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for degassing molten metal, comprising a chamber having an inner elongated sidewall portion and an outer elongated sidewall portion, a molten metal inlet arranged, with respect to the chamber, at a first level around molten metal to be introduced into the chamber such that the molten metal flows down through the chamber from the molten metal inlet, a molten metal outlet located at a second level below this first level to discharge the molten metal from the chamber, and at least a purge gas inlet attached to the inner elongated sidewall portion below the first height to introduce the purge gas into the chamber.
  • a method and apparatus for degassing the molten metal is known from US Pat. No. 4,177,066.
  • This patent teaches degassing molten metal by means of a vortex tank reactor, the molten metal being introduced tangentially into the reactor so that the molten metal flows in a vortex flow from the inlet of the reactor to the outlet thereof.
  • the metal inlet be arranged with respect to the chamber wall of the reactor such that the liquid is tangentially fed into the reactor.
  • the vortex tank reactor comprises a first elongated, essentially cylindrical side wall part and a second, underlying, narrowing side wall part below the first, essentially cylindrical wall part.
  • Purge gas inlet nozzles enter through the converging wall portion at different heights, so as to distribute the purge gas bubbles throughout the melt it flows from the reactor inlet to the outlet.
  • the flushing gas nozzles are arranged alternately at different distances from the central axis of the vortex tank reactor, the flushing gas bubble distribution being maximized.
  • a disadvantage of the known embodiments is that the devices have to be emptied after each use by draining the molten metal. Otherwise the standing metal cools down quickly and the entire degassing system would "freeze” i.e. the standing metal solidifies and can no longer be removed.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device, as mentioned above, which can be operated in a space-saving manner and at low cost.
  • the inner and the outer side wall section are arranged at a spatial distance from one another and in the intermediate space formed thereby, heating devices, insulation between the heating devices and the outer side wall section and an air space is disposed between the heaters and the inner elongated sidewall portion.
  • the device of the present invention comprises a chamber with an inner elongated side wall part and a spatially separated outer elongated side wall part; a molten metal inlet located at a first level with respect to this chamber for introducing the molten metal into the chamber such that the molten metal flows down through the chamber from the inlet; a molten metal outlet disposed at a second height below the first height to discharge the molten metal from the chamber; at least one purge gas inlet, attached to the inner elongated sidewall portion, below the first height to introduce the purge gas into the chamber; Heaters in the space between the inner elongated sidewall portion and the outer elongated sidewall portion, spatially separated from the inner and outer sidewall portions; Isolation devices between the heaters and the outer side wall part, which preferably extend from the heaters to the outer side wall part and an air space between the heaters and the inner extended side wall part.
  • the heaters are located between the metal inlet and the metal outlet.
  • the device further preferably comprises a drain pipe below the metal outlet and a riser pipe opposite the chamber, which communicates with the metal outlet.
  • the metal inlet is positioned tangentially with respect to the chamber such that the molten metal flows in a vortex-shaped motion downward through the chamber from the molten metal inlet.
  • the device of the present invention is capable of keeping the treatment temperature within narrow limits, and has been found to be particularly advanced for the degassing of aluminum, as well as in the same sense other metals are used.
  • the device can be easily filled with molten metal with precise and effective temperature control, and the need to empty the device after each use is avoided.
  • the first metal exiting the device may be at a higher temperature than the metal in the holding furnace, thereby avoiding downstream cooling too quickly.
  • the device is an effective, cost-saving unit with moderate energy requirements.
  • application of the present device can result in a significant improvement in productivity without degradation in product quality.
  • Figures 1-3 show a vortex tank reactor 10 with a first, essentially cylindrical side wall part 12 and a second, below, narrowing down side wall part 14, the side wall parts together forming the degassing chamber 16.
  • the first side wall portion 12 is illustrated herein essentially in a cylindrical shape. It should be noted, however, that it may be in an octagonal shape or in any other shape that allows the metal to flow in a vortex-shaped manner as the metal passes through the degassing chamber 16.
  • molten metal enters through the molten metal inlet 18 at the top of the chamber 16, and the inlet 18 is tangent to the degassing chamber 16 and the molten metal leaves the chamber 16 through the molten metal outlet 20 at the bottom of the chamber 16. Accordingly, the molten metal enters the degassing chamber 16 tangentially and flows in a vortex-like manner through chamber 16 and flows out through the outlet 20.
  • a substantially cylindrical side wall portion 22 may be provided below the side wall portion 14 which narrows downward and may be adapted to receive a suitable filter medium.
  • FIG. 3 where the cylindrical sidewall portion 22 is internally provided with a peripheral rim or protrusion 24 located upstream of and in close proximity to the outlet 20.
  • This peripheral edge 24, as illustrated, represents a downwardly narrowing, beveled surface that enables the installation and replacement of a suitably designed, filter-like medium 26.
  • the filter-like medium 26 has a correspondingly beveled peripheral surface 28, equipped with a reshaping seal 30, which is fastened by means of pressure adjustment in order to sealingly adapt to the peripheral edge 24 in the side wall part 22.
  • the filter element does not necessarily have to be installed in the side wall section 22 and can be installed further downstream from the vortex tank reactor 10 and this last embodiment is also preferred.
  • an inert gas blanket of argon, nitrogen, etc. can be provided over the top of chamber 16 to minimize readsorption of gaseous contaminants on the metal surface.
  • the vortex tank reactor 10 is equipped with a first, essentially cylindrical side wall section 12 and a second, downwardly narrowing side wall section 14 arranged below the side wall section 12 so as to form the degassing chamber 16.
  • the downwardly narrowing sidewall portion 14 is provided on its peripheral surface with a plurality of purge gas inlet nozzles 32 for introducing the purge gas into the molten metal as the metal passes chamber 16 from tangential inlet 18 to outlet 20.
  • the nozzles 32 are arranged at different heights of the peripheral surface of the side wall section 14.
  • the purge gas nozzle tips can not only be installed in the narrowed sidewall section 14 as illustrated, but similar results can be achieved by installing a first set nozzle tips in sidewall section 12 and a second set of nozzle tips in sidewall section 14.
  • the device of the present invention can use a purge gas such as an inert gas, preferably containing a small amount of an active gas component such as chlorine or a fully halogenated carbon component.
  • a purge gas such as an inert gas, preferably containing a small amount of an active gas component such as chlorine or a fully halogenated carbon component.
  • the gas used can be any of the gases or mixtures thereof, such as nitrogen, argon, chlorine, carbon monoxide, Freon 12, etc., which are known and suitable per se for degassing.
  • nitrogen and dichlorodifluoromethane, argon and dichlorodifluoromethane, nitrogen and chlorine or argon and chlorine can be used for the degassing of molten aluminum.
  • the degassing chamber 16 is equipped with an inner elongated side wall section 40 and an outer elongated side wall section 41, spaced apart from the inner sidewall.
  • the molten metal inlet 18 is tangentially located at a first height with respect to chamber 16 to introduce the molten metal into chamber 16 such that the molten metal flows downward through the chamber in a vortex-shaped manner.
  • the metal outlet 20 is mounted at a second height below the first height to discharge the molten metal from the chamber 16. It should be noted that the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 does not include the filter medium, which, if used, is preferably used in the metal flow direction downstream of the reactor.
  • a plurality of purge gas nozzles 32 are attached to the inner sidewall portion 40 below the metal inlet 18 and above the metal outlet 20 to direct the purge gas into the chamber 16, countercurrent to the molten one Introduce metal that flows downward in a vortex-shaped manner from inlet 18 to outlet 20.
  • the number of nozzles depends on the size of the unit and the desired throughput, and a purge gas nozzle number of 2-30 is very suitable. 6 or 8 purge gas nozzles have been found to give excellent results.
  • Inner sidewall portion 40 should be constructed of a suitable material that resists the molten metal, such as a refractory material such as alumina or silicon carbide.
  • the outer side wall section 41 should be constructed from a suitable, high-strength material such as steel. The inner and outer side walls are spatially separated from one another and insulation material 42 is attached between them.
  • heaters 43 are disposed in the space between the inner and outer side walls, separated from both the inner and outer side walls, as clearly shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Insulation material 42 is disposed between heater 43 and outer side wall 41, which preferably fills the entire space therebetween, and an air or heating space 44 is provided between heaters 43 and inner wall 40.
  • a plurality of heaters 43 are provided depending on the size of the unit. It has been found that the separation of the heater 43 from the inner wall 40 by means of an air space therebetween ensures surprisingly effective and uniform heating, regardless of the difficult conditions in the degassing device itself.
  • the heating device 43 is arranged between the inlet 18 and the outlet 20. Accordingly, any suitable heating element can be used; a typical element is a nickel-chrome element with a large diameter, with a maximum of 45 Volt, 3-phase and fed with 60 Hertz.
  • the heating elements are connected to the power supply (not shown) via ring line 45 with a typical power supply for 480 volts, 3-phase and 60 Hertz with reducing transformers in order to supply low voltage and high current to the heating elements.
  • the outlet 20 is connected to an integrated riser 46 and then to the pouring station and, if provided, there is a filter in between.
  • the integrated riser pipe is located opposite the chamber 16 with an inner riser pipe wall 47, an outer riser pipe wall 48, heating element 43 at a spatial distance from the two, the inner and the outer, riser pipe walls.
  • An insulation 42 is located between the heating element 43 and the outer riser wall 48 and with an air space 44 between the heating element 49 and the inner riser wall 47, a heated riser is formed.
  • the drain pipe 52 with the drain opening 53 and the closure device 54 to be opened is attached below the outlet 20, preferably with two drain openings and two closure devices to be opened, as shown in FIG. 4, for easier cleaning.
  • the device according to the present invention has important advantages.
  • the device is compact in size and versatile in design.
  • the device's heated chamber keeps maintenance costs low, simplifies application procedures, and improves productivity.
  • it has been found that the energy costs to be used are surprisingly low.
  • the device In use, the device easily maintains the metal temperature at 690 ° C to 704 ° C, while the temperature of the housing is about 93 ° C.
  • the temperature stabilize the empty chamber first before pouring the molten metal.
  • the temperature of the filled chamber can be set to the temperature required for the start of pouring.
  • the gas flow is increased from a basic setting to the purging setting.
  • the gas flow is reset to the basic setting. Should a nozzle replacement be necessary, this can usually be done in a few minutes after the system has been emptied. The temperature can be maintained during this time, which allows nozzle replacement during each scheduled system drain.

Description

Diese Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung für die Entgasung von geschmolzenem Metall, enthaltend eine Kammer mit einem inneren verlängerten Seitenwandabschnitt und einem äusseren verlängerten Seitenwandabschnitt, einem Einlass für geschmolzenes Metall, angeordnet, in bezug auf die Kammer, auf einer ersten Höhe, um geschmolzenes Metall derart in die Kammer einzuleiten, dass das geschmolzene Metall vom Einlass für das geschmolzene Metall abwärts durch die Kammer fliesst, einen Auslass für das geschmolzene Metall, angeordnet auf einer zweiten Höhe unterhalb dieser ersten Höhe, um das geschmolzene Metall aus der Kammer auszutragen, und wenigstens einen Spülgaseinlass, angebracht am inneren verlängerten Seitenwandabschnitt unterhalb der ersten Höhe, um das Spülgas in die Kammer einzuleiten.This invention relates to a device for degassing molten metal, comprising a chamber having an inner elongated sidewall portion and an outer elongated sidewall portion, a molten metal inlet arranged, with respect to the chamber, at a first level around molten metal to be introduced into the chamber such that the molten metal flows down through the chamber from the molten metal inlet, a molten metal outlet located at a second level below this first level to discharge the molten metal from the chamber, and at least a purge gas inlet attached to the inner elongated sidewall portion below the first height to introduce the purge gas into the chamber.

Ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für das Entgasen vom geschmolzenem Metall ist bekannt aus der US-PS 4,177,066. Diese Patentschrift lehrt das Entgasen von geschmolzenem Metall mittels eines Wirbeltankreaktors, wobei das geschmolzene Metall tangential in den Reaktor eingeführt wird, so dass das geschmolzenen Metall in einer wirbelförmigen Strömung vom Einlass des Reaktors zum Auslass desselben fliesst. Um die gewünschte wirbelförmige Strömung des geschmolzenen Metalles vom Metalleinlass zum Metallauslass des Reaktors zu erreichen, wird verlangt, dass der Metalleinlass, in bezug auf die Kammerwand des Reaktors, derart angeordnet ist, dass die Flüssigkeit tangentiell in den Reaktor eingespiesen wird. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der Wirbeltankreaktor einen ersten verlängerten, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Seitenwandteil und einen zweiten, darunterliegenden, sich verengenden Seitenwandteil unterhalb des ersten, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Wandteiles. Spülgaseinlassdüsen treten durch den konvergierenden Wandteil in verschiedenen Höhen desselben ein, um so die Spülgasblasenverteilung durch die ganze Schmelze, während sie vom Reaktoreinlass zum Auslass strömt, zu optimieren. Durch die Anordnung der Düsen in verschiedenen Höhen in dem sich konvergierenden Wandteil sind die Spülgasdüsen abwechslungsweise in unterschiedlichen Distanzen von der zentralen Achse des Wirbeltankreaktors angeordnet, wobei die Spülgasblasenverteilung maximalisiert wird. Die spezifischen Einzelheiten der verschiedenen Ausführungsformen des Wirbeltankreaktors und der Düsenanordnungen sind in der US-PS 4,177,066 offenbart.A method and apparatus for degassing the molten metal is known from US Pat. No. 4,177,066. This patent teaches degassing molten metal by means of a vortex tank reactor, the molten metal being introduced tangentially into the reactor so that the molten metal flows in a vortex flow from the inlet of the reactor to the outlet thereof. In order to achieve the desired vortex flow of the molten metal from the metal inlet to the metal outlet of the reactor, it is required that the metal inlet be arranged with respect to the chamber wall of the reactor such that the liquid is tangentially fed into the reactor. In a preferred embodiment, the vortex tank reactor comprises a first elongated, essentially cylindrical side wall part and a second, underlying, narrowing side wall part below the first, essentially cylindrical wall part. Purge gas inlet nozzles enter through the converging wall portion at different heights, so as to distribute the purge gas bubbles throughout the melt it flows from the reactor inlet to the outlet. By arranging the nozzles at different heights in the converging wall part, the flushing gas nozzles are arranged alternately at different distances from the central axis of the vortex tank reactor, the flushing gas bubble distribution being maximized. The specific details of the various embodiments of the vortex tank reactor and nozzle assemblies are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,177,066.

Weitere Ausführungsformen, insbesondere zusätzliche Düsenausführungen werden in der US-PS 4,392,636, US-PS 4,494,735 und der US-PS-4,647,018 gezeigt.Further embodiments, in particular additional nozzle designs, are shown in US Pat. No. 4,392,636, US Pat. No. 4,494,735 and US Pat. No. 4,647,018.

Ein Nachteil der bekannten Ausführungsformen ist, dass die Vorrichtungen nach jedem Gebrauch durch Ablassen des geschmolzenen Metalles entleert werden müssen. Andernfalls kühlt das stehende Metall rasch aus, und das ganze Entgasungssystem würde "einfrieren", d.h. das stehende Metall erstarrt und lässt sich nicht mehr austragen.A disadvantage of the known embodiments is that the devices have to be emptied after each use by draining the molten metal. Otherwise the standing metal cools down quickly and the entire degassing system would "freeze" i.e. the standing metal solidifies and can no longer be removed.

Entsprechend ist es ein Hauptgegenstand und Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung, eine verbesserte Vorrichtung für das Entgasen von geschmolzenem Metall zur Verfügung zu stellen, die bei Betriebsunterbrüchen und nach Beendigung des Entgasungsvorganges nicht entleert werden muss.Accordingly, it is a main object and object of the present invention to provide an improved device for the degassing of molten metal which does not have to be emptied in the event of interruptions in operation and after the degassing process has ended.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand vorliegender Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung, wie vorgenannt, zur Verfügung zu stellen, die platzsparend und beiniedrigen Kosten betreibbar ist.Another object of the present invention is to provide a device, as mentioned above, which can be operated in a space-saving manner and at low cost.

Erfindungsgemäss wird das dadurch erreicht, dass der innere und der äussere Seitenwandabschnitt in räumlicher Distanz voneinander angeordnet und im dadurch gebildeten Zwischenraum Heizvorrichtungen, eine Isolation zwischen den Heizvorrichtungen und dem äusseren Seitenwandabschnitt und ein Luftraum zwischen den Heizvorrichtungen und dem inneren verlängerten Seitenwandabschnitt angeordnet sind.This is achieved according to the invention in that the inner and the outer side wall section are arranged at a spatial distance from one another and in the intermediate space formed thereby, heating devices, insulation between the heating devices and the outer side wall section and an air space is disposed between the heaters and the inner elongated sidewall portion.

Die Vorrichtung vorliegender Erfindung umfasst eine Kammer mit einem inneren verlängerten Seitenwandteil und einem räumlich davon getrennten äusseren verlängerten Seitenwandteil; einen Einlass für geschmolzenes Metall, angeordnet auf einer ersten Höhe in bezug auf diese Kammer, um das geschmolzene Metall in die Kammer derart einzuführen, dass das geschmolzene Metall vom Einlass abwärts durch die Kammer fliesst; einen Auslass für das geschmolzene Metall, angeordnet auf einer zweiten Höhe, unter der ersten Höhe, um das geschmolzene Metall aus der Kammer auszutragen; wenigstens einen Spülgaseinlass, angebracht am inneren verlängerten Seitenwandteil, unter der ersten Höhe, um das Spülgas in die Kammer einzuführen; Heizvorrichtungen im Zwischenraum zwischen dem inneren verlängerten Seitenwandteil und dem äusseren verlängerten Seitenwandteil, räumlich getrennt vom inneren und vom äusseren Seitenwandteil; Isolationsvorrichtungen zwischen den Heizvorrichtungen und dem äusseren Seitenwandteil, die sich vorzugsweise von den Heizvorrichtungen zum äusseren Seitenwandteil erstrecken und ein Luftraum zwischen den Heizvorrichtungen und dem inneren verlängerten Seitenwandteil. Die Heizvorrichtungen sind zwischen dem Metalleinlass und dem Metallauslass angeordnet. Die Vorrichtung umfasst weiters vorzugsweise ein Abflussrohr unterhalb des Metallauslasses und ein Steigrohr gegenüber der Kammer, welches mit dem Metallauslass kommuniziert. Der Metalleinlass ist tangential in bezug auf die Kammer derart angebracht, dass das geschmolzene Metall in wirbelförmiger Bewegung vom Einlass für das geschmolzene Metall abwärts durch die Kammer fliesst.The device of the present invention comprises a chamber with an inner elongated side wall part and a spatially separated outer elongated side wall part; a molten metal inlet located at a first level with respect to this chamber for introducing the molten metal into the chamber such that the molten metal flows down through the chamber from the inlet; a molten metal outlet disposed at a second height below the first height to discharge the molten metal from the chamber; at least one purge gas inlet, attached to the inner elongated sidewall portion, below the first height to introduce the purge gas into the chamber; Heaters in the space between the inner elongated sidewall portion and the outer elongated sidewall portion, spatially separated from the inner and outer sidewall portions; Isolation devices between the heaters and the outer side wall part, which preferably extend from the heaters to the outer side wall part and an air space between the heaters and the inner extended side wall part. The heaters are located between the metal inlet and the metal outlet. The device further preferably comprises a drain pipe below the metal outlet and a riser pipe opposite the chamber, which communicates with the metal outlet. The metal inlet is positioned tangentially with respect to the chamber such that the molten metal flows in a vortex-shaped motion downward through the chamber from the molten metal inlet.

Die Vorrichtung nach vorliegender Erfindung vermag die Behandlungstemperatur in engen Grenzen zu halten, und sie wurde als besonders fortschrittlich für die Entgasung von Aluminium befunden, ebenso kann sie im gleichen Sinne für andere Metalle angewendet werden. Die Vorrichtung kann gefüllt mit geschmolzenem Metall leicht mit genauer und effektiver Kontrolle auf Temperatur gehalten werden, und die Notwendigkeit eines Entleerens der Vorrichtung nach jedem Einsatz wird dadurch vermieden.The device of the present invention is capable of keeping the treatment temperature within narrow limits, and has been found to be particularly advanced for the degassing of aluminum, as well as in the same sense other metals are used. The device can be easily filled with molten metal with precise and effective temperature control, and the need to empty the device after each use is avoided.

Zusätzliche und bedeutende Fortschritte werden durch vorliegende Vorrichtung erhalten. Zum Beispiel kann das erste aus der Vorrichtung tretende Metall auf höherer Temperatur sein als das Metall im Halteofen, womit ein zu rasches Abkühlen stromabwärts vermieden wird. Die Vorrichtung ist eine effektive, kostensparende Einheit mit mässigem Energiebedarf. Darüber hinaus kann aus der Anwendung der vorliegenden Vorrichtung eine bedeutsame Verbesserung der Produktivität ohne eine Verschlechterung der Produktequalität resultieren.Additional and significant advances are made with the present device. For example, the first metal exiting the device may be at a higher temperature than the metal in the holding furnace, thereby avoiding downstream cooling too quickly. The device is an effective, cost-saving unit with moderate energy requirements. Furthermore, application of the present device can result in a significant improvement in productivity without degradation in product quality.

Anhand der Abbildungen ist die Erfindung näher erläutert.

  • Abbildung 1 ist eine schematische Ansicht der Vorrichtung nach vorliegender Erfindung.
  • Abbildung 2 ist eine schematische Seitenansicht des Gegenstandes von Abbildung 1.
  • Abbildung 3 ist eine schematische Teilansicht des Gegenstandes von Abbildung 1, ohne Einzelheiten der Seitenwandkonstruktion zu zeigen, aber ein Filterelement eingesetzt zeigend.
  • Abbildung 4 ist eine Teilansicht der Vorrichtung vorliegender Erfindung, und
  • Abbildung 5 ist eine Frontansicht der Vorrichtung von Abbildung 4 mit Teilen im Schnitt.
The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the figures.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the object of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a partial schematic view of the subject of Figure 1 without showing details of the side wall construction, but showing a filter element inserted.
  • Figure 4 is a partial view of the device of the present invention, and
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the device of Figure 4 with parts in section.

Unter Bezug auf die Abbildungen sind die verschiedenen Ausführungsformen der Vorrichtung nach vorliegender Erfindung veranschaulicht und können an Orten wie in Transfersystemen für geschmolzene Metalle, bei Giesspfannen, Giesströgen, Transfertrögen, Metallbehandlungströgen oder ähnlichem angeordnet werden. Die Abbildungen 1-3 zeigen einen Wirbeltankreaktor 10 mit einem ersten, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Seitenwandteil 12 und einem zweiten, unterhalb befindlichen, sich nach unten verengenden Seitenwandteil 14, wobei die Seitenwandteile zusammen die Entgasungskammer 16 bilden. Der erste Seitenwandteil 12 ist hierin im wesentlichen in zylindrischer Form veranschaulicht. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, dass derselbe in oktagonaler Form oder in jeder anderen Form sein kann, die eine Strömung des Metalles in einer wirbelförmig kreisenden Weise erlaubt, während das Metall die Entgasungskammer 16 passiert. Geschmolzenes Metall tritt durch den Einlass für geschmolzenes Metall 18 am oberen Teil der Kammer 16 ein, und der Einlass 18 ist tangential in bezug auf die Entgasungskammer 16 angeordnet, und das geschmolzene Metall verlässt die Kammer 16 durch den Auslass für das geschmolzene Metall 20, angeordnet am Boden der Kammer 16. Demnach tritt das geschmolzene Metall tangential in die Entgasungskammer 16 und strömt in einer wirbelförmig kreisenden Weise durch Kammer 16 und fliesst durch den Auslass 20 ab. Wie in Abbildung 1 bis 3 veranschaulicht und falls gewünscht, kann ein im wesentlichen zylindrischer Seitenwandabschnitt 22 unterhalb des schräg abwärts sich verengenden Seitenwandabschnittes 14 vorgesehen und zur Aufnahme eines geeigneten Filtermediums vorgesehen werden. Dies ist am besten in Abbildung 3 erkennbar, wo der zylindrische Seitenwandabschnitt 22 innen mit einem peripheren Rand oder Vorsprung 24, angeordnet stromaufwärts vom Auslass 20 und in unmittelbarer Nähe davon, ausgestattet ist. Dieser periphere Rand 24, wie veranschaulicht, stellt eine abwärts sich verengende, abgeschrägte Oberfläche dar, die den Einbau und das Ersetzen eines geeignet gestalteten, filterartigen Mediums 26 ermöglicht. Das filterartige Medium 26 hat eine entsprechend abgeschrägte periphere Oberfläche 28, ausgestattet mit einer rückformenden Dichtung 30, die mittels Druckanpassung befestigt ist, um sich dichtend an den peripheren Rand 24 im Seitenwandteil 22 anzupassen. Es soll beachtet werden, dass das Filterelement nicht zwingend in den Seitenwandabschnitt 22 eingebaut werden muss und als separate Montageeinheit weiter stromabwärts vom Wirbeltankreaktor 10 eingebaut werden kann und diese letzte Ausführungsform auch bevorzugt wird. Zusätzlich kann eine Inertgasdecke aus Argon, Stickstoff etc., die hier nicht gezeigt wird, über dem Oberteil der Kammer 16 vorgesehen sein, um die Readsorption von gasförmigen Verunreinigungen an der Metalloberfläche zu minimalisieren.Referring to the figures, the various embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention are illustrated and can be placed in locations such as molten metal transfer systems, ladles, casting troughs, transfer troughs, metal treatment troughs, or the like. Figures 1-3 show a vortex tank reactor 10 with a first, essentially cylindrical side wall part 12 and a second, below, narrowing down side wall part 14, the side wall parts together forming the degassing chamber 16. The first side wall portion 12 is illustrated herein essentially in a cylindrical shape. It should be noted, however, that it may be in an octagonal shape or in any other shape that allows the metal to flow in a vortex-shaped manner as the metal passes through the degassing chamber 16. Molten metal enters through the molten metal inlet 18 at the top of the chamber 16, and the inlet 18 is tangent to the degassing chamber 16 and the molten metal leaves the chamber 16 through the molten metal outlet 20 at the bottom of the chamber 16. Accordingly, the molten metal enters the degassing chamber 16 tangentially and flows in a vortex-like manner through chamber 16 and flows out through the outlet 20. As illustrated in Figures 1-3, and if desired, a substantially cylindrical side wall portion 22 may be provided below the side wall portion 14 which narrows downward and may be adapted to receive a suitable filter medium. This is best seen in Figure 3, where the cylindrical sidewall portion 22 is internally provided with a peripheral rim or protrusion 24 located upstream of and in close proximity to the outlet 20. This peripheral edge 24, as illustrated, represents a downwardly narrowing, beveled surface that enables the installation and replacement of a suitably designed, filter-like medium 26. The filter-like medium 26 has a correspondingly beveled peripheral surface 28, equipped with a reshaping seal 30, which is fastened by means of pressure adjustment in order to sealingly adapt to the peripheral edge 24 in the side wall part 22. It should be noted that the filter element does not necessarily have to be installed in the side wall section 22 and can be installed further downstream from the vortex tank reactor 10 and this last embodiment is also preferred. In addition, an inert gas blanket of argon, nitrogen, etc., not shown here, can be provided over the top of chamber 16 to minimize readsorption of gaseous contaminants on the metal surface.

Der Wirbeltankreaktor 10 ist mit einem ersten, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Seitenwandabschnitt 12 und einem zweiten, nach unten sich verengenden Seitenwandabschnitt 14 angeordnet unterhalb des Seitenwandabschnittes 12 ausgestattet, um so die Entgasungskammer 16 zu bilden. Der abwärts sich verengende Seitenwandabschnitt 14 ist an dessen Umfangsoberfläche mit einer Mehrzahl von Spülgaseinlassdüsen 32 für das Einleiten des Spülgases in das geschmolzene Metall, während das Metall die Kammer 16 vom tangentialen Einlass 18 zum Auslass 20 passiert, ausgestattet. Um eine optimierte Blasenverteilung durch die ganze Schmelze, wenn sie vom Einlass zum Auslass strömt, zu erhalten, sind die Düsen 32 auf verschiedenen Höhen der Umfangsoberfläche des Seitenwandabschnittes 14 angebracht. Auf diese Art wird durch Anordnung der Spülgasdüsen in unterschiedlicher Distanz in bezug auf die zentrale Achse des Wirbeltankreaktors eine maximale Spülgasverteilung erreicht. Es sollte beachtet werden, dass die Spülgasdüsenspitzen nicht nur in der veranschaulichten Weise in dem sich verengenden Seitenwandabschnitt 14 angebracht werden können, sondern gleiche Resultate erreicht werden durch Anbringen eines ersten Satzes von Düsenspitzen in Seitenwandabschnitt 12 und eines zweiten Satzes von Düsenspitzen in Seitenwandabschnitt 14.The vortex tank reactor 10 is equipped with a first, essentially cylindrical side wall section 12 and a second, downwardly narrowing side wall section 14 arranged below the side wall section 12 so as to form the degassing chamber 16. The downwardly narrowing sidewall portion 14 is provided on its peripheral surface with a plurality of purge gas inlet nozzles 32 for introducing the purge gas into the molten metal as the metal passes chamber 16 from tangential inlet 18 to outlet 20. In order to obtain an optimized bubble distribution through the entire melt as it flows from the inlet to the outlet, the nozzles 32 are arranged at different heights of the peripheral surface of the side wall section 14. In this way, a maximum purge gas distribution is achieved by arranging the purge gas nozzles at different distances with respect to the central axis of the vortex tank reactor. It should be noted that the purge gas nozzle tips can not only be installed in the narrowed sidewall section 14 as illustrated, but similar results can be achieved by installing a first set nozzle tips in sidewall section 12 and a second set of nozzle tips in sidewall section 14.

Die Vorrichtung nach vorliegender Erfindung kann sich eines Spülgases, wie eines inerten Gases, vorzugsweise einer kleinen Menge eines aktiven Gasbestandteiles wie Chlor oder einer vollständig halogenierten Kohlenstoffkomponente enthaltend, bedienen. Das angewendete Gas kann jedes der Gase oder Mischungen davon wie Stickstoff, Argon, Chlor, Kohlenmonoxid, Freon 12 usw. sein, das an sich für Entgasung bekannt und geeignet ist. In einer vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform, für das Entgasen von geschmolzenem Aluminium, können Mischungen von Stickstoff und Dichlordifluormethan, Argon und Dichlordifluormethan, Stickstoff und Chlor oder Argon und Chlor angewendet werden.The device of the present invention can use a purge gas such as an inert gas, preferably containing a small amount of an active gas component such as chlorine or a fully halogenated carbon component. The gas used can be any of the gases or mixtures thereof, such as nitrogen, argon, chlorine, carbon monoxide, Freon 12, etc., which are known and suitable per se for degassing. In a preferred embodiment, for the degassing of molten aluminum, mixtures of nitrogen and dichlorodifluoromethane, argon and dichlorodifluoromethane, nitrogen and chlorine or argon and chlorine can be used.

Bezugnehmend auf die in den Abbildungen 4 und 5 detailliert dargestellte Ausführungsform ist die Entgasungskammer 16 mit einem inneren verlängerten Seitenwandabschnitt 40 und einem äusseren verlängerten Seitenwandabschnitt 41, in räumlichem Abstand von der inneren Seitenwand, ausgestattet. Der Einlass 18 für das geschmolzene Metall ist tangential angebracht, in einer ersten Höhe im Bezug auf Kammer 16, um das geschmolzene Metall in Kammer 16 derart einzuführen, dass das geschmolzene Metall in wirbelförmig kreisender Weise abwärts durch die Kammer fliesst. Der Metallauslass 20 ist in einer zweiten Höhe unter der ersten Höhe angebracht, um das geschmolzene Metall aus der Kammer 16 auszutragen. Es sei festgehalten, dass die Ausführungsform nach den Abbildungen 4 und 5 das Filtermedium nicht mitumfasst, welches, falls angewendet, vorzugsweise in Metallfliessrichtung stromabwärts vom Reaktor eingesetzt wird.With reference to the embodiment shown in detail in FIGS. 4 and 5, the degassing chamber 16 is equipped with an inner elongated side wall section 40 and an outer elongated side wall section 41, spaced apart from the inner sidewall. The molten metal inlet 18 is tangentially located at a first height with respect to chamber 16 to introduce the molten metal into chamber 16 such that the molten metal flows downward through the chamber in a vortex-shaped manner. The metal outlet 20 is mounted at a second height below the first height to discharge the molten metal from the chamber 16. It should be noted that the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 does not include the filter medium, which, if used, is preferably used in the metal flow direction downstream of the reactor.

Eine Mehrzahl von Spülgasdüsen 32 sind am inneren Seitenwandabschnitt 40 unterhalb des Metalleinlasses 18 und oberhalb des Metallauslasses 20 angebracht, um das Spülgas in die Kammer 16, im Gegenstromverhältnis zum geschmolzenen Metall, das abwärts in wirbelförmig kreisender Weise vom Einlass 18 zum Auslass 20 fliesst, einzuführen. Die Zahl der Düsen ist von der Grösse der Einheit und dem angestrebten Durchsatz abhängig, und eine Spülgasdüsenanzahl von 2-30 ist sehr geeignet. 6 oder 8 Spülgasdüsen, wurde festgestellt, geben ausgezeichnete Resultate.A plurality of purge gas nozzles 32 are attached to the inner sidewall portion 40 below the metal inlet 18 and above the metal outlet 20 to direct the purge gas into the chamber 16, countercurrent to the molten one Introduce metal that flows downward in a vortex-shaped manner from inlet 18 to outlet 20. The number of nozzles depends on the size of the unit and the desired throughput, and a purge gas nozzle number of 2-30 is very suitable. 6 or 8 purge gas nozzles have been found to give excellent results.

Der innere Seitenwandabschnitt 40 sollte aus geeignetem Material gebaut sein, das dem geschmolzenen Metall widersteht, so beispielsweise ein feuerfestes Material, wie Aluminiumoxid oder Siliciumcarbid. Der äussere Seitenwandabschnitt 41 soll aus geeignetem, hochfesten Material wie Stahl gebaut sein. Die inneren und äusseren Seitenwände sind räumlich voneinander getrennt und dazwischen ist Isolationsmaterial 42 angebracht.Inner sidewall portion 40 should be constructed of a suitable material that resists the molten metal, such as a refractory material such as alumina or silicon carbide. The outer side wall section 41 should be constructed from a suitable, high-strength material such as steel. The inner and outer side walls are spatially separated from one another and insulation material 42 is attached between them.

In Uebereinstimmung mit vorliegender Erfindung sind Heizvorrichtungen 43 im Zwischenraum zwischen der inneren und äusseren Seitenwand angebracht, getrennt von beiden, der inneren und äusseren Seitenwand, wie deutlich in Abbildungen 4 und 5 gezeigt. Isolationsmaterial 42 ist zwischen der Heizvorrichtung 43 und der äusseren Seitenwand 41 angeordnet, welches vorzugsweise den ganzen Raum dazwischen ausfüllt, und ein Luft- oder Heizraum 44 ist zwischen den Heizvorrichtungen 43 und der innern Wand 40 vorgesehen. Eine Mehrzahl von Heizvorrichtungen 43 ist vorgesehen, abhängig von der Grösse der Einheit. Es wurde gefunden, dass die Trennung der Heizvorrichtung 43 von der Innenwand 40, mittels eines Luftraumes dazwischen, eine überraschend effektive und gleichmässige Heizung gewährleistet, ungeachtet der schwierigen Verhältnisse in der Entgasungsvorrichtung selbst.In accordance with the present invention, heaters 43 are disposed in the space between the inner and outer side walls, separated from both the inner and outer side walls, as clearly shown in Figures 4 and 5. Insulation material 42 is disposed between heater 43 and outer side wall 41, which preferably fills the entire space therebetween, and an air or heating space 44 is provided between heaters 43 and inner wall 40. A plurality of heaters 43 are provided depending on the size of the unit. It has been found that the separation of the heater 43 from the inner wall 40 by means of an air space therebetween ensures surprisingly effective and uniform heating, regardless of the difficult conditions in the degassing device itself.

Die Heizvorrichtung 43 ist zwischen Einlass 18 und Auslass 20 angeordnet. Demnach kann jedes geeignete Heizelement angewendet werden; ein typisches Element ist ein Nickel-Chrom-Element mit grossem Durchmesser, das mit maximal 45 Volt, 3-phasig und mit 60 Hertz gespiesen wird. Die Heizelemente sind mit der Stomzuführung (nicht abgebildet) über Ringleitung 45 mit einer typischen Stromzuführung für 480 Volt, 3-phasig und 60 Hertz mit Reduziertransformatoren verbunden, um niedrige Spannung und hohen Strom zu den Heizelementen zu führen.The heating device 43 is arranged between the inlet 18 and the outlet 20. Accordingly, any suitable heating element can be used; a typical element is a nickel-chrome element with a large diameter, with a maximum of 45 Volt, 3-phase and fed with 60 Hertz. The heating elements are connected to the power supply (not shown) via ring line 45 with a typical power supply for 480 volts, 3-phase and 60 Hertz with reducing transformers in order to supply low voltage and high current to the heating elements.

Der Auslass 20 ist mit einem integrierten Steigrohr 46 und dann mit der Giessstation verbunden, und falls vorgesehen, befindet sich dazwischen angeordnet ein Filter. In einer vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform gemäss der Abbildungen 4 und 5 befindet sich das integrierte Steigrohr gegenüber der Kammer 16 mit einer inneren Steigrohrwand 47, einer äusseren Steigrohrwand 48, Heizelement 43 in räumlichem Abstand von den beiden, der inneren und der äusseren, Steigrohrwänden. Eine Isolation 42 befindet sich zwischen Heizelement 43 und der äusserer Steigrohrwand 48 und mit einem Luftraum 44 zwischen dem Heizelement 49 und der inneren Steigrohrwand 47 wird ein beheiztes Steigrohr gebildet. Das Abflussrohr 52 mit der Abflussöffnung 53 und der zu öffnenden Verschlussvorrichtung 54 ist unterhalb des Auslasses 20 angebracht, vorzugsweise mit zwei Abflussöffnungen und zwei zu öffnenden Verschlussvorrichtungen, wie in Abbildung 4 gezeigt, zur erleichterten Reinigung.The outlet 20 is connected to an integrated riser 46 and then to the pouring station and, if provided, there is a filter in between. In a preferred embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the integrated riser pipe is located opposite the chamber 16 with an inner riser pipe wall 47, an outer riser pipe wall 48, heating element 43 at a spatial distance from the two, the inner and the outer, riser pipe walls. An insulation 42 is located between the heating element 43 and the outer riser wall 48 and with an air space 44 between the heating element 49 and the inner riser wall 47, a heated riser is formed. The drain pipe 52 with the drain opening 53 and the closure device 54 to be opened is attached below the outlet 20, preferably with two drain openings and two closure devices to be opened, as shown in FIG. 4, for easier cleaning.

Die Vorrichtung nach vorliegender Erfindung weist bedeutende Vorzüge auf. Die Vorrichtung ist kompakt in der Grösse und vielseitig in der Ausgestaltung. Darüber hinaus hält die beheizte Kammer der Vorrichtung die Unterhaltskosten auf niedrigem Niveau, vereinfacht die Anwendungsprozedere und verbessert die Produktivität. Darüber hinaus, wurde gefunden, sind die aufzuwendenden Energiekosten überraschend tief.The device according to the present invention has important advantages. The device is compact in size and versatile in design. In addition, the device's heated chamber keeps maintenance costs low, simplifies application procedures, and improves productivity. In addition, it has been found that the energy costs to be used are surprisingly low.

Im Gebrauch hält die Vorrichtung die Metalltemperatur leicht bei 690°C bis 704°C, während die Temperatur des Gehäuses etwa 93°C beträgt. Bei der Anwendung wird die Temperatur der leeren Kammer zuerst stabilisiert, bevor das geschmolzene Metall eingefüllt wird. Einmal gefüllt kann die Temperatur der gefüllten Kammer auf die Temperatur, die für den Giessbeginn benötigt wird, eingestellt werden. Sowie das Abgiessen beginnt, wird der Gasstrom von einer Grundeinstellung auf die Spüleinstellung erhöht. Am Ende des Giessens wird der Gasstrom wieder auf die Grundeinstellung zurückgenommen. Sollte ein Düsenaustausch notwendig werden, so kann das normalerweise in einigen Minuten nach dem Entleeren des System getan werden. Die Temperatur kann während dieser Zeit gehalten werden, was einen Düsenaustausch während jedes planmässigen Entleerens des Systems erlaubt.In use, the device easily maintains the metal temperature at 690 ° C to 704 ° C, while the temperature of the housing is about 93 ° C. When using the temperature stabilize the empty chamber first before pouring the molten metal. Once filled, the temperature of the filled chamber can be set to the temperature required for the start of pouring. As soon as the pouring begins, the gas flow is increased from a basic setting to the purging setting. At the end of casting, the gas flow is reset to the basic setting. Should a nozzle replacement be necessary, this can usually be done in a few minutes after the system has been emptied. The temperature can be maintained during this time, which allows nozzle replacement during each scheduled system drain.

Die Prüfung des Systems zeigte, dass das System einfach und sicher zu betreiben ist, und daraus eine erhebliche Produktivitätsverbesserung resultierte, während eine gleichmässige Kontrolle der Temperatur eingehalten wurde. Erhebliche Produktionswirkungsgrade wurden erreicht. Zusätzlich zeigten die "Telegas"-Daten während des Entgasens einer 7050-Legierung, dass der Wasserstoffgehalt von etwa 0.15 cc/100 g beim einströmenden Aluminium auf etwa 0.05 cc/100 g am Ausgang des Reaktors reduziert wurde, bei der Anwendung von Argon allein, entsprechend einem 62%igen Entfernungswirkungsgrad. Der Argonstrom betrug 1,63 Liter per Kilo Aluminium. Dies stellt einen hohen Prozentsatz an Wasserstoffentfernung dar, besonders für den niedrigen Wasserstoffgehalt des einströmenden Metalles, und ist Beweis für ein überraschend wirksames Resultat.Inspection of the system showed that the system is easy and safe to operate, resulting in a significant improvement in productivity while maintaining an even control of the temperature. Significant production efficiencies have been achieved. In addition, the "Telegas" data during the degassing of a 7050 alloy showed that the hydrogen content was reduced from about 0.15 cc / 100 g for the incoming aluminum to about 0.05 cc / 100 g at the outlet of the reactor when using argon alone, corresponding to a 62% removal efficiency. The argon flow was 1.63 liters per kilo of aluminum. This represents a high percentage of hydrogen removal, especially for the low hydrogen content of the incoming metal, and is evidence of a surprisingly effective result.

Claims (8)

1. Apparatus for degassing molten metal, which contains a chamber having an extended interior side wall portion and an extended exterior side wall portion, a molten metal inlet disposed at a first height relative to the chamber for the purpose of introducing molten metal into the chamber in such a manner that from the molten metal inlet the molten metal flows downwards through the chamber, a molten metal outlet, disposed at a second height below said first height, for discharging the molten metal from the chamber, and at least one scavenging gas inlet, disposed on the extended interior side wall portion below the first height, for introducing the scavenging gas into the chamber, characterized in that the interior and exterior side wall portions are disposed at a spatial distance from one another and that in the space thus formed heating devices, insulation between the heating devices and the exterior side wall portion, and an air space between the heating devices and the extended interior side wall portion are disposed.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the insulation extends from the heating devices to the extended exterior side wall portion.
3. Apparatus according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the heating devices are disposed at a height between the metal inlet and the metal outlet.
4. Apparatus according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an emptying pipe is disposed under the metal outlet.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that the emptying pipe has two separate emptying openings, each of which has a closure device.
6. Apparatus according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a rising pipe for the molten metal is disposed in communication with the outlet for the molten metal.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that the rising pipe has an extended interior rising pipe side wall portion and, spatially separated therefrom, an extended exterior rising pipe side wall portion, with heating devices disposed in the space between the extended interior rising pipe side wall portion and the extended exterior rising pipe side wall portion and spatially separated both from the interior and from the exterior rising pipe side wall portion.
8. Apparatus according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the metal inlet is disposed tangentially relative to the chamber in such a manner that the molten metal flows in a turbulent movement downwards through the chamber from the inlet for the molten metal.
EP88810019A 1987-02-03 1988-01-15 Apparatus for degassing molten metal Expired - Lifetime EP0281508B1 (en)

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AT88810019T ATE64157T1 (en) 1987-02-03 1988-01-15 MOLTEN METAL DEGASSING DEVICE.

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US07/010,463 US4744545A (en) 1987-02-03 1987-02-03 Apparatus for degassing molten metal

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DE4009833C2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1996-09-26 Aisan Ind Air volume measuring device for intake air
US5024696A (en) * 1990-07-23 1991-06-18 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ltd. Apparatus and method for degassing molten metal
GB9610180D0 (en) * 1996-05-15 1996-07-24 English Christopher J Trough degassing reactor

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US3039864A (en) * 1958-11-21 1962-06-19 Aluminum Co Of America Treatment of molten light metals
GB1148344A (en) * 1967-01-24 1969-04-10 Foseco Int Method for the removal of inclusions from molten metals by filtration
BE756091A (en) * 1969-09-12 1971-02-15 Britsh Aluminium Cy Ltd METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF METAL
US4021026A (en) * 1974-12-23 1977-05-03 Union Carbide Corporation Protection for externally heated cast iron vessel used to contain a reactive molten metal
US4052199A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-10-04 The Carborundum Company Gas injection method
US4040610A (en) * 1976-08-16 1977-08-09 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus for refining molten metal
US4169584A (en) * 1977-07-18 1979-10-02 The Carborundum Company Gas injection apparatus
US4177066A (en) * 1978-06-12 1979-12-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Method and apparatus for the removal of impurities from molten metal
US4179102A (en) * 1978-06-12 1979-12-18 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Apparatus for the degassing and filtration of molten metal
FR2463816A1 (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-02-27 Servimetal CARTRIDGE FOR ACTIVE FILTRATION AND PROCESSING OF METALS AND LIQUID ALLOYS
US4392636A (en) * 1981-07-22 1983-07-12 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Apparatus for degassing molten metal
US4494735A (en) * 1983-11-16 1985-01-22 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Apparatus for degassing molten metal

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AR240066A1 (en) 1990-01-31
BR8800490A (en) 1988-06-14
NO880438L (en) 1988-08-04
AU599450B2 (en) 1990-07-19
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NO168778C (en) 1992-04-01
ES2023009B3 (en) 1991-12-16
ATE64157T1 (en) 1991-06-15
CA1315104C (en) 1993-03-30
AU1061088A (en) 1988-08-04
NO168778B (en) 1991-12-23
US4744545A (en) 1988-05-17
DE3863092D1 (en) 1991-07-11
JPH0338326B2 (en) 1991-06-10
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EP0281508A1 (en) 1988-09-07
JPS63195229A (en) 1988-08-12

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