EP0280705B1 - Process and device for producing drilling holes from an angled position in relation to the drilling axes - Google Patents

Process and device for producing drilling holes from an angled position in relation to the drilling axes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280705B1
EP0280705B1 EP19870905613 EP87905613A EP0280705B1 EP 0280705 B1 EP0280705 B1 EP 0280705B1 EP 19870905613 EP19870905613 EP 19870905613 EP 87905613 A EP87905613 A EP 87905613A EP 0280705 B1 EP0280705 B1 EP 0280705B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boring
drilling
bearing blocks
linkage
flexible
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EP19870905613
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0280705A1 (en
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Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Spies
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Spies Klaus Prof Dr-Ing
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing boreholes from a position angled with respect to the borehole axis according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Angled drilling is necessary and useful wherever holes are to be made from confined spaces, the length of which is greater than the geometrical dimensions of the cavity.
  • the prerequisite must be met that with narrow limitation of the two spatial coordinates, in the plane of which the borehole or the boreholes are to be produced, there is sufficient space in the direction of the third coordinate perpendicular to this plane for the drilling device and the feed of the drilling device which is the depth of the borehole got to.
  • angled drilling - particularly in mining and tunneling - is a useful area of application, since there is sufficient length in most cases with a narrow cross-section of the mine rooms, e.g. in shafts, blind shafts, sections, tunnels, hewing and struts.
  • a drilling method that has been used for many years, but not yet successful, to test operations uses a special "flexible shaft” that consists of two nested, oppositely coiled wire springs with a special wire cross-section.
  • this shaft can be angled; when the torque required for drilling is transmitted, the inner helix should widen, while it is assumed that the diameter of the outer helix will decrease. This is intended to achieve a certain stiffening effect.
  • the method of operation theoretically attributed to the process has so far not been able to be implemented for operational use despite many years of trials over many successive stages of development.
  • HDW technology has many advantages, but it does not allow holes to be drilled with smooth walls. Thus, this technique can preferably only be used for the production of anchor boreholes, but less for the production of explosive boreholes. In the case of exclusive drilling with ultra-high pressure water, the drilling progress will not be insignificantly lower than the drilling progress with rotating or rotary drilling due to the knowledge currently available.
  • a device for producing boreholes from a position angled with respect to the borehole axis in which a spatially movable frame which can be tilted and rotated about different axes is provided, in the axial direction of which a drilling machine is provided has moved back and forth.
  • the drill presses a flexible, cylindrical drill pipe with a drill bit attached to its free end.
  • an arch guide is attached, through which the flexible drill pipe is deflected from the axis of rotation of the drilling machine.
  • the curved guide is designed as a tube, with low-friction bearings being provided within the tube at a distance from one another, against which the drill pipe rests and through which it is successively bent out on the axis of rotation of the drilling machine.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for producing boreholes from a position angled with respect to the borehole axis, the flexible drill string of which on the one hand enables longer service life for the bow guidance and on the other hand the transmission of impact energy into the borehole deepest.
  • the invention follows the guiding principle, a flexible linkage of a very special design, which allows the transmission of high pressure forces and high torques, to be deflected and guided in a predetermined curve.
  • the device according to the invention which can be placed on normal and thus on already curtain-mounted drill carriages, enables in contrast to all other previously proposed methods for angled drilling, the use of rotary impact or impact rotary drilling. These two drilling principles allow, compared to purely rotating drilling and all other proposals previously worked out in connection with angled drilling, to achieve considerably higher drilling performance and to drill holes in hard, difficult to drill rocks with satisfactory drilling progress.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of explosive and anchor boreholes. However, it is also suitable for the production of boreholes that serve completely different purposes. There is a direct need to use the device, for example when producing anchor drill holes in excavation section drives with partial cutting machines, when anchoring areas prone to breakouts in struts and when creating explosive holes in the lying area of excavated sections.
  • the overlapping of cutting work and the introduction of the extension is only possible if all of the extension work is limited to a relatively narrow cross-sectional area at the outer edge of the route. This presupposes that the anchor boreholes are brought into the mountains surrounding the route from a position parallel to the route axis "around the corner" and then the anchors are set in the same way.
  • the length of the anchor drill holes is currently 2.2 to 2.5 m, longer anchors may be necessary due to the higher pressure loads to be expected at greater depths.
  • the area available on the track casing, from which drilling and anchoring is required has spatial dimensions of 50 to 70 cm, ie the boreholes are at least three to five times as long as the free space available in the borehole axis.
  • Another sensible area of application of the device according to the invention opens up in the course of a development trend, according to which the mining sections have to be arranged in a lying position for rock mechanical reasons. It is furthermore expedient to determine the additional place of ascent of the mining route, i.e. to lead a short strut ahead at the point at which the bedrock is torn down. With this method, it is advisable to cut the blast holes perpendicular to the route axis, i.e. in the so-called rung construction. Given the length of the blast holes, this is only possible with angled drilling. If the seam thickness is less, it is also necessary to drill the anchor drill holes for the preliminary expansion between the leading strut and the final expansion of the track by means of angled drilling.
  • Figure 1 shows the drilling device according to the invention for angled drilling on a drilling carriage 1 with a rotatable and pivotable boom 2 and a movable carriage 3 attached to its free end.
  • the drilling device according to the invention can equally well be mounted on a drilling carriage with wheel drive or on a boring machine, it can be arranged in a walking team or attached to a monorail.
  • the drill 4 which is known per se, can be moved in the axial direction on the movable carriage 3, which can be designed as a rotary drill, rotary impact drill or impact rotary drill and which has built-in feed devices.
  • the flexible drill pipe 5 is easily detachably fastened, at the front end of which the drill bit 6 is arranged.
  • the sheet guide 7 are also attached and displaceable bearings 8 are arranged, which take over the leadership of the flexible drill pipe 5 between the drill 4 and the sheet guide 7.
  • the displaceable bearing blocks 8 are initially unlocked and then taken away from the drilling machine and moved against the arch guide 7, when the flexible drill rod 5 is retrieved they are then taken back again, brought into their starting position and locked again there.
  • FIG 2 shows the front end of the drill carriage 3 with the bow guide 7, the first two movable bearings, the feed and return devices and the locking devices.
  • the arch guide is the concept variant with bearing blocks 9, between which bores 10 are arranged, preferably welded.
  • the Lagrbock 9 are shown in the view, the pipe pieces 10 in between are shown in section.
  • the distance between the bearing blocks can be more or less large. For example, it can be 20 to 30 cm for the production of anchor drill holes in the case of very kink-resistant drill rods or shrink to zero in the case of less kink-stable drill rods, ie the bearing blocks 9 abut one another directly and the tubular intermediate pieces 10 are dispensed with.
  • the flexible drill pipe 5 is guided concentrically through the bearing blocks 9 and the tubular intermediate pieces 10.
  • the arch guide is firmly connected to the drilling mount 3, preferably screwed or welded, via fastening brackets 11.
  • the drilling mount 3 which serves as a guideway and slideway for the drilling machine and the displaceable bearing blocks 8, can be designed in very different ways; In the exemplary embodiment shown, it consists of two I-beams arranged side by side, the upper outer flanges 12 of which are overlapped by corresponding claw-shaped guide elements 13 of the displaceable bearing blocks 8 and the drilling machine.
  • Ribs 14, on which return devices 15 of different lengths are attached are preferably located on both sides of the displaceable bearing blocks 8.
  • the return devices which are preferably also arranged on both sides of the movable bearing blocks, can consist of rods or steep parts.
  • Each movable bearing block 8 is a pair of rods or cables 15 assigned. At their ends, not shown, the rods or ropes are fastened to the drilling machine 4. They can be fixed on one side, that is, either on the drilling machine 4 or on the displaceable bearing blocks 8 and must be axially displaceable at the other ends in corresponding holes so that they can be retracted into their starting position when the flexible drill pipe 5 is retracted.
  • the return devices 15 are designed as rods and are fixedly attached to the drilling machine 4 while piercing the ribs 14 of the displaceable bearing blocks 8 in bores 16. During the return process, the stop heads 17 of the ropes or rods 15 serving as return devices are placed against the lateral ribs 14 of the displaceable bearing blocks 8, so that the bearing blocks when the drill 4 and the flexible drill rod 5 are retracted geometrically precisely into their starting position shown in FIG. 2 be brought back.
  • the locking devices 18 are pressed into the bores 19 by means of springs 20, so that a positive locking takes place.
  • the drilling machine or the respectively adjacent bearing blocks with a corresponding nose bump against the surfaces 21 of the locking devices 18, so that they are turned against the force of the springs 20 with their free ends from the bores 19 and thus the locks are released.
  • the drilling machine 4 With a feed device (not shown), the drilling machine 4 then presses against the end face 22 of the first bearing block and each bearing block 8 against its neighbors 8 arranged in the drilling direction, so that these are taken along during the further drilling process.
  • the borehole-side bearing block at the end of the arch guide is encompassed by a sealing sleeve 23 which is clamped to the bearing block by means of the clamps 24 and with its free ends 25 sealingly surrounds the flexible drill rod 5 so that no water or cuttings can penetrate into the arch guide.
  • Figure 3 shows a construction variant of the sheet guide in which the bearing blocks 9 are arranged directly next to one another.
  • two strong pairs of strips 26, 27 are arranged on the outer surfaces of the bearing blocks 9 in this exemplary embodiment, offset from one another by 90 degrees, of which the strip pair 26 has a larger cross-section and thus a greater section modulus than the strip pair 27 because the support forces resulting from the pressing force must be absorbed by the former in the sheet guide.
  • the pairs of strips are fastened to the bearing blocks 9 by means of screws 28, so that overall an extremely dimensionally stable arch guidance results.
  • the flexible drill pipe is enclosed in each bearing block 9 by a rotatable guide piece 29.
  • the entire bow guide is covered with an accordion-shaped sealing hose 30 made of rubber or plastic material, which at its end facing the borehole merges into the sealing collar 23, which rests with its lips 25 sealingly against the flexible drill rod 5.
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment for the bow guide, in which the flexible drill pipe 5 is slidably mounted within a curved tube 31 with sufficient movement.
  • the tubular bow guide is similar to the exemplary embodiments according to Figures 2 and 3 - provided with a sealing sleeve 23, which rests with its lips 25 sealingly against the flexible drill pipe 5.
  • the bow guide is firmly connected to the drilling mount 3 via supports 11, so that the corresponding deflecting forces can be transferred into the drilling mount 3 during the deflection process due to the pressing forces.
  • the tubular arc guide is supplied with lubricant, preferably lubricating grease, via a lubrication tube 32 and lubrication bores 33 in order to reduce the frictional resistance and the frictional lock between the flexible drill pipe and the arc guide.
  • the lubrication system is connected to a lubrication pump, not shown, which is driven by the drilling machine 4, so that lubricant is constantly supplied during the drilling.
  • Figure 5 shows a possible cross section of the flexible drill string 5.
  • the drill string is constructed in the manner of a rope (prestressed concrete strand) from relatively strong wires or rods 35, which are wound around the core 36, which is designed as a tube, with a relatively low stranding factor.
  • the direction of rotation of the torque during rotating, rotary impact or impact drilling must correspond to the direction of the twist during stranding.
  • the core 36 is therefore designed as a tube, so that the drilling fluid required can be supplied with the drilling fluid.
  • the stranding factor can be relatively small; Exemplary embodiments are possible in which the stranding factor is only two to three revolutions per meter of flexible drill pipe. Similar to the prestressed concrete strands, spring steel or spring steel-like materials are used as the material in order to withstand the high alternating bending stresses to which the drill pipe is exposed in the area of the bow guide.
  • the number of rods or wires 35 which are wound around the hollow core 36 can be very different. It depends on the borehole diameter and the resulting ones Torques and pressure forces.
  • the flexible drill pipe of the form described above is extremely resistant to buckling, so that, according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the distance between the bearing blocks 9 in the arch guide 7 and the distance between the displaceable bearing blocks 8 can be relatively large.
  • the high buckling stiffness and the special structure of the flexible drill pipe as shown in Figure 5 make it possible to transmit blows through the pipe, so that, despite bending, it is possible to carry out drilling and turning.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment for the attachment of the drill bit to the flexible drill pipe according to Figure 5.
  • the drill bit 37 is inserted with its standardized fastening in the drill bit holder 38, which has four guide ribs 39, each offset by 90 degrees.
  • the drill bit can be designed quite differently according to the rock to be drilled and the selected drilling method and can have two or more cutting edges 40, which are preferably equipped with hard metal plates 41.
  • the attachment between the drill bit holder and the flexible drill pipe can also be very different.
  • the hollow core bit holder can be made of cold-deformable steel and pressed onto the flexible drill pipe with high pressure (as shown in Figure 5). This results in a sufficiently high degree of adhesion to be able to transmit the torques, the pressing forces and the impact loads and not to be stripped when the drill pipe is pulled back.
  • the drill bit holder it is also possible to solder or weld the drill bit holder to the flexible drill pipe. If the drill pipe is made of spring steel or materials similar to spring steel, a brazed connection is recommended.
  • the diameters of the flexible drill pipe, drill bit holder and drill bit are graduated against each other.
  • Figure 7 shows a sectional view of a possible exemplary embodiment for the bearing blocks 8 and 9.
  • two shoulder bearings 44 are arranged, which together allow axial forces to be absorbed in both directions.
  • a guide piece 29 designed as a sliding bush, which is preferably consists of bearing metal and which has helical recesses 45 in which the weakly stranded rods or wires 35 of the flexible drill rod 5 can be moved axially relative to the bearing blocks 8 and 9.
  • a lubrication system with the bores 46 and 47 ensures that both the shoulder bearings 44 are adequately supplied with lubricant and that the recesses 45 provided for the axial movement between the drill rod 5 and the guide piece 29 receive lubricant.
  • Sealing rings 48 arranged on both sides of the bearing blocks prevent the ingress of water and dirt and the escape of lubricants.
  • spherical roller bearings can also be used instead of the shoulder bearings.
  • the rotating union consists of 2 x 3 sealing packs 49, 50, which are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the maximum pressure water supply 51.
  • the two sealing sets 50 arranged closest to the HDW supply are acted upon on their rear side by highly viscous oil, which is brought to a pressure which is 5 to 10% higher than the maximum pressure water in a pressure intensifier 52. In this way, the most vulnerable seals 50 are depressurized and lubricated at the same time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP87/00488 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 29, 1988 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 29, 1988 PCT Filed Aug. 27, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO88/01677 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 10, 1988.The invention relates to a process and a device for the production of drilling holes from an angled position with respect to the drilling axis, wherein the system has a free-moving drilling support with a drilling machine axially movable thereon. According to this process the drilling rod is provided with a flexible configuration that is diverted by passing through a bend guide affixed to a drilling support, from the rotation axis of the drilling machine to the axis of the drill hole. According to this device, the flexible drilling rod system consists of a tubular core and of wires or rods twisted around this core.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Bohrlöchern aus einer gegenüber der Bohrlochachse abgewinkelten Position heraus nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for producing boreholes from a position angled with respect to the borehole axis according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Abgewinkeltes Bohren ist überall dort notwendig und von Nutzen, wo aus beengten Räumen heraus Bohrlöcher hergestellt werden sollen, deren Länge größer ist als die geometrischer Absmessungen der Hohräume. Hierbei muß jedoch die Voraussetzung gegeben sein, daß bei enger Begrenzung der beiden räumlichen Koordinaten, in deren Ebene das Bohrloch oder die Bohrlöcher hergestellt werden sollen, in Richtung der dritten senkrecht auf dieser Ebene stehenden Koordinate hinreichender Platz für die Bohreinrichtung und den Vorschub der Bohreinrichtung vorhanden ist, welcher der Tiefe des Bohrloches entsprechen muß.Angled drilling is necessary and useful wherever holes are to be made from confined spaces, the length of which is greater than the geometrical dimensions of the cavity. In this case, however, the prerequisite must be met that with narrow limitation of the two spatial coordinates, in the plane of which the borehole or the boreholes are to be produced, there is sufficient space in the direction of the third coordinate perpendicular to this plane for the drilling device and the feed of the drilling device which is the depth of the borehole got to.

Aus den vorgenannten Gründen kommt dem abgewinkelten Bohren - vor allem im Berg- und Tunnelbau - ein sinnvoller Anwendungsbereich zu, da dort bei beengtem Querschnitt der Grubenräume in den meisten Fällen hinreichend Länge zur Verfügung steht, z.B. in Schächten, Blindschächten, Strecken, Tunneln, Aufhauen und Streben.For the aforementioned reasons, angled drilling - particularly in mining and tunneling - is a useful area of application, since there is sufficient length in most cases with a narrow cross-section of the mine rooms, e.g. in shafts, blind shafts, sections, tunnels, hewing and struts.

Wegen der eingangs beschriebenen Schwierigkeiten, vor allem im Berg- und Tunnelbau, Bohrlöcher aus beengten Räumen heraus herzustellen, deren Länge wesentlich größer als die Abmessungen der Grubenräume ist, versucht man schon seit vielen Jahren Bohreinrichtungen zu entwikkeln, mittels derer die Bohrlöcher aus einer gegenüber der Bohrlochachse abgewinkelten Position heraus hergestellt werden können. Alle diese Bemühungen waren bisher nicht erfolgreich bzw. mit Verfahrensnachteilen und relativ hohen Kosten verbunden. Zur betrieblichen Nutzung konnte keine der bisher vorgeschlagenen Einrichtungen gebracht werden.Because of the difficulties described above, especially in mining and tunneling, to produce boreholes from confined spaces, the length of which is much greater than the dimensions of the mine rooms, attempts have been made for many years to develop drilling means by means of which the boreholes can be made from one versus the other Borehole axis angled position can be made. All of these efforts have so far been unsuccessful or involve process disadvantages and relatively high costs. None of the previously proposed facilities could be brought into operational use.

Ein Bohrverfahren, mit dem jahrelange, bisher jedoch noch nicht erfolgreiche Betriebsversuche durchge führt wurden, bedient sich einer besonderen "flexiblen Welle ", die aus zwei ineinander angeordneten, gegenläufig gewendelten Drahtfedern mit besonderen Drahtquerschnitt besteht. Diese Welle ist im Prinzip abwinkelbar; bei Übertragung des zum Bohren notwendigen Drehmomentes soll sich die innere Schraubenwendel aufweiten, während man davon ausgeht, daß sich der Durchmesser der äußeren Schraubenwendel verringert. Hierdurch soll ein gewisser Versteifungseffekt erzielt werden. Die dem Verfahren theoretisch zugeschriebene Arbeitsweise konnte trotz langjähriger Versuche über viele aufeinander aufbauende Entwicklungsstufen hinweg für die betriebliche Nutzung bisher nicht realisiert werden.A drilling method that has been used for many years, but not yet successful, to test operations uses a special "flexible shaft" that consists of two nested, oppositely coiled wire springs with a special wire cross-section. In principle, this shaft can be angled; when the torque required for drilling is transmitted, the inner helix should widen, while it is assumed that the diameter of the outer helix will decrease. This is intended to achieve a certain stiffening effect. The method of operation theoretically attributed to the process has so far not been able to be implemented for operational use despite many years of trials over many successive stages of development.

Ein weiteres Verfahren, wie es zum Beispiel in der EP-A-0 131 771 beschrieben ist, geht davon aus, Bohrlöcher mittels der in den letzten zehn Jahren entwickelten "Höchstdruckwassertechnik" (HDW) herzustellen. Hierbei wird eine in einer außerhalb des Bohrlochs angeordneten Bohrmaschine erzeugte Drehbewegung über eine torsionssteifen, jedoch nicht biegesteifen Bohrschlauch auf eine im Bohrlochtiefsten angeordneten Bohrksone übertragen. An der Bohrkrone sind Hochdruckwaserdüssen ausgebildet, die durch den als Hochdruckschlauch ausgebildeten Bohrschlauch mit Hochdruckwasser versorgt werden. Solche Hochdruckschläuche sind flexibel und von daher gesehen für das abgewinkelte Bohren geeignet. Drehdurchführungen, die trotz der hohen Beanspruchungen zufriedenstellende Standzeiten erreichen, wurden entwickelt. Das Verfahren läßt beim derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand erwarten, daß erfolgreiche Betriebsversuche durchgeführt werden können. Obwohl mit dem Prinzip des HDW-Bohrens zum ersten Mal ein aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach betrieblich geeignetes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bohrlöchern aus einer abgewinkelten Position heraus entwickelt wurde, müssen doch eine Reihe von verfahrenstechnischen und kostenmäßigen Nachteilen in Kauf genommen werden. Die HDW-Technik hat viele Vorteile, sie erlaubt es jedoch nicht, Bohrlöcher mit glatten Wandungen herzustellen. Somit kann diese Technik vorzugsweise nur zur Herstellung von Ankerbohrlöchern, weniger jedoch zur Herstellung von Sprengbohrlöchern Verwendung finden. Beim ausschließlichen Bohren mit Höchstdruckwasser wird der Bohrfortschritt aufgrund der derzeit vorliegenden Erkenntnisse nicht unwesentlich geringer sein als der Bohrfortschritt beim drehenden oder drehschlagenden Bohren. Außerdem fällt beim ausschließlichen Bohren mit Höchstdruckwasser während der Bohrzeiten ein ganz erheblicher Volumenstrom an Wasser und Borhklein an, für den gesonderte Abführeinrichtungen vorgesehen werden müssen, da das die Abbaustrecken umgeben Nebengestein häufig wasserempfindlich ist, unter Wassereinwirkung einen erheblichen Rückgang der Festigtkeit aufweist und zum Quellen neigt.Another method, as described for example in EP-A-0 131 771, assumes that boreholes are produced using the "ultra-high pressure water technology" (HDW) developed in the past ten years. In this case, a rotary movement generated in a drilling machine arranged outside the borehole is transmitted via a torsionally stiff but not flexurally rigid borehole to a drilling zone located deepest in the borehole. High-pressure water nozzles are formed on the drill bit and are supplied with high-pressure water through the high-pressure hose. Such high pressure hoses are flexible and therefore suitable for angled drilling. Rotary unions that achieve a satisfactory service life despite the high demands were developed. At the current state of development, the process is expected to allow successful operational trials to be carried out. Although with the principle of HDW drilling for the first time in all likelihood an operationally suitable method for producing boreholes from an angled position developed out of it, a number of procedural and cost disadvantages have to be accepted. HDW technology has many advantages, but it does not allow holes to be drilled with smooth walls. Thus, this technique can preferably only be used for the production of anchor boreholes, but less for the production of explosive boreholes. In the case of exclusive drilling with ultra-high pressure water, the drilling progress will not be insignificantly lower than the drilling progress with rotating or rotary drilling due to the knowledge currently available. In addition, when drilling exclusively with ultra-high pressure water, a very significant volume flow of water and boron is generated during the drilling times, for which separate discharge devices must be provided, since the surrounding rock stretches are often water-sensitive, show a considerable decrease in strength under the influence of water and tend to swell .

Aus der US-A-2 644 669 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Bohrlöchern aus einer gegenüber der Bohrlochachse abgewinkelten Position heraus bekannt, bei der bereits ein im Raum verfahrbarer und um unterschiedliche Achsen kipp- und drehbarer Rahmen vorgesehen ist, in dessen Axialrichtung eine Bohrmaschine hin und her verfahren ist. Die Bohrmaschine betätigt ein flexibles, zylindrisches Bohrgestänge, an dessen freiem Ende eine Bohrkrone angebracht ist. An einem Ende des Rahmens bzw. der Lafette ist eine Bogenführung befestigt, durch die das flexible Bohrgestänge aus der Drehachse der Bohrmaschine abgelenkt ist. Die Bogenführung ist als Rohr ausgebildet, wobei innerhalb des Rohres im Abstand zueinander reibungsarme Lager vorgesehen sind, gegen die das Bohrgestänge anliegt und durch die es sukzessive auf der Drehachse der Bohrmaschine herausgebogen wird.From US-A-2 644 669 a device for producing boreholes from a position angled with respect to the borehole axis is known, in which a spatially movable frame which can be tilted and rotated about different axes is provided, in the axial direction of which a drilling machine is provided has moved back and forth. The drill presses a flexible, cylindrical drill pipe with a drill bit attached to its free end. At one end of the frame or the carriage, an arch guide is attached, through which the flexible drill pipe is deflected from the axis of rotation of the drilling machine. The curved guide is designed as a tube, with low-friction bearings being provided within the tube at a distance from one another, against which the drill pipe rests and through which it is successively bent out on the axis of rotation of the drilling machine.

Die Standzeiten der bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung verwendeten flexiblen Bohrgestänge sind vergleichsweise gering, d.h., die Umlenkung des Bohrgestänges resultiert schon nach relativ kurzer Betriebszeit in bleibenden Verformungen oder Beschädigungen des Bohrgestänges oder auch der Bogenführung, so daß ein genaues Bohren nicht mehr möglicht ist. Demgemäß konnten sich auch die aus der US-A-2 644 669 bekannte oder ähnliche Vorrichtungen im tatsächlichen Betrieb nicht durchsetzen.The service life of the flexible drill pipe used in this known device is comparatively short, i.e. the deflection of the drill pipe results in permanent deformation or damage to the drill pipe or the bow guide after a relatively short operating time, so that precise drilling is no longer possible. Accordingly, the devices known or similar from US Pat. No. 2,644,669 have not been able to assert themselves in actual operation.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Bohrlöchern aus einer gegenüber der Bohrlochachse abgewinkelten Position heraus zu schaffen, desen flexibles Bohrgestänge einerseits längere Standzeiten für die Bogenführung und andererseits die Übertragung auch von Schlagenergie ins Bohrlochtiefste ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a device for producing boreholes from a position angled with respect to the borehole axis, the flexible drill string of which on the one hand enables longer service life for the bow guidance and on the other hand the transmission of impact energy into the borehole deepest.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Der erfindungsgemäßen Aufbau des Bohrgestänges aus einer rohrförmigen Seele und darum herumgewickelten. Stäben führt zu einer im Vergleich zu einem zylindrischen Rohr erhöhten Flexibilität des Bohrgestänges. Die innerhalb des Bohrgestänges auftretenden Zug- bzw. Druckspannungen werden erheblich herabgesetzt. Dennoch ist das erfindungsgemäß gestaltete Bohrgestänge mit einer Steifigkeit versehen, die zur Übertragung der Momente und Kräfte ins Bohrlichtiefste ausreichend ist. Aufgrund der im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik wesentlich erhöhten Flexibilität des Bohrgestänges ist dieses einer vergleichsweise geringen Abnutzung aufgrund der Umlenkung unterworfen. Darüber hinaus sind die die Bogenführung belastenden Kräfte wesentlich niedriger als bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Vorrichtungen. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Lagerböcke innerhalb der Bogenführung verhindert bleibende Verformungen des flexiblen Bohrgestänges.This object is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. The construction of the drill pipe according to the invention from a tubular core and wound around it. Rods result in increased drill pipe flexibility compared to a cylindrical tube. The tensile and compressive stresses occurring within the drill pipe are considerably reduced. Nevertheless, the drill pipe designed according to the invention is provided with a rigidity which is sufficient for the transmission of the moments and forces into the deepest drilling light. Due to the significantly increased flexibility of the drill pipe compared to the prior art, this is subject to comparatively little wear due to the deflection. In addition, the forces loading the sheet guide are significantly lower than in the devices known from the prior art. The arrangement of the bearing blocks within the arch guide according to the invention prevents permanent deformation of the flexible drill pipe.

Die Erfindung verfolgt den Leitgedanken, ein flexibles Gestänge ganz besonderer Ausgestaltung, welches die Übertragung von hohen Andruckkräften und hohen Drehmomenten gestattet, in einem fest vorgegebenen Bogen abzulenken und zu führen. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, welche auf normale und damit auf bereits vorhangene Bohrlafetten aufgesetzt werden kann, ermöglicht im Gegensatz zu allen anderen bisher vorgeschlagenen Verfahren für das abgewinkelte Bohren auch die Verwendung des Drehschlag- bzw. des Schlagdrehbohrens. Diese beiden Bohrprinzipien gestatten es im Vergleich zum rein drehenden Bohren und allen anderen, im Zusammenhang mit dem abgewinkelten Bohren bisher erarbeiteten Vorschlägen, ganz erheblich höhere Bohrleistungen zu erreichen und Bohrlöcher auch in harten, schwer bohrbaren Gesteinen mit befriedigendem Bohrfortschritt herzustellen.The invention follows the guiding principle, a flexible linkage of a very special design, which allows the transmission of high pressure forces and high torques, to be deflected and guided in a predetermined curve. The device according to the invention, which can be placed on normal and thus on already curtain-mounted drill carriages, enables in contrast to all other previously proposed methods for angled drilling, the use of rotary impact or impact rotary drilling. These two drilling principles allow, compared to purely rotating drilling and all other proposals previously worked out in connection with angled drilling, to achieve considerably higher drilling performance and to drill holes in hard, difficult to drill rocks with satisfactory drilling progress.

Die Erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignet sich in besonderem Maße für das Herstellen von Spreng- und Ankerbohrlöchern. Es ist jedoch auch für die Herstellung von Bohrlöchern geeignet, die völlig anderen Zwecken dienen. Eine direkte Notwendigkeit, die Vorrichtung einzusetzen, ist beispielsweise beim Herstellen von Ankerbohrlöchern in Abbaustreckenvortrieben mit Teilschnittmaschinen, beim Ankern ausbruchgefährdeter Bereiche in Streben und beim Herstellen von Sprenglöchern im Liegenden aufgefahrener Abbaustrecken gegeben.The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of explosive and anchor boreholes. However, it is also suitable for the production of boreholes that serve completely different purposes. There is a direct need to use the device, for example when producing anchor drill holes in excavation section drives with partial cutting machines, when anchoring areas prone to breakouts in struts and when creating explosive holes in the lying area of excavated sections.

Beim Auffahren von Abbaustrecken mit Teilschnittmaschinen, in denen als ausschließlicher oder zusätzlicher Streckenausbau Gebirgsanker eingebracht werden, ist eine zeitliche Überlappung von Schneidarbeit und Einbringen des Ausbaus nur dann möglich, wenn die gesamte Ausbauarbeit auf einen relativ engen Querschnittsbereich am äußeren Rand der Strecke beschränkt wird. Das setzt voraus, daß die Ankerbohrlöcher aus einer zur Streckenachse parallelen Position heraus "um die Ecke" in das die Strecke umgebende Gebirge eingebracht und anschließend die Anker in der gleichen Weise gesetzt werden. Die Länge der Ankerbohrlöcher beläuft sich gegenwärtig auf 2,2 bis 2,5 m, längere Anker werden möglicherweise bei den in größeren Teufen zu erwartenden höheren Druckbelastungen erforderlich werden. Der am Streckenmantel zur Verfügung stehende Bereich, aus dem heraus gebohrt un geankert werden muß, hat räumliche Abmessungen von 50 bis 70 cm, d.h. die Bohrlöcher sind mindestens drei- bis fünfmal so lang wie der in der Bohrlochachse zur Verfügung stehende freie Raum.When driving down sections with partial cutting machines, in which rock anchors are inserted as an exclusive or additional section extension, the overlapping of cutting work and the introduction of the extension is only possible if all of the extension work is limited to a relatively narrow cross-sectional area at the outer edge of the route. This presupposes that the anchor boreholes are brought into the mountains surrounding the route from a position parallel to the route axis "around the corner" and then the anchors are set in the same way. The length of the anchor drill holes is currently 2.2 to 2.5 m, longer anchors may be necessary due to the higher pressure loads to be expected at greater depths. The area available on the track casing, from which drilling and anchoring is required, has spatial dimensions of 50 to 70 cm, ie the boreholes are at least three to five times as long as the free space available in the borehole axis.

Das gleiche gilt für Streben in geringmächtigen Flözen, in denen an ausbruchgefährdeten Stellen, insbesondere zwischen Kappe und Kohlenstoß, sowie in gebirgsmechanisch gestörten Bereichen relativ lange Gebirgsanker eingebracht werden müssen, deren Länge ein Mehrfaches der Flözmächtigkeit und damit der Streböffnung beträgt. Hier werden bisher kurze Bohrstangen eingesetzt und entsprechend dem Bohrlochfortschritt aneinander geschraubt, deren Abmessungen der Streböffnung entsprechen. Das Verfahren ist sehr zeit- und kostenaufwendig, was sich besonders aus dem Grunde negativ auswirkt, daß die Sicherungsarbeiten in ausbruchgefährdeten Bereichen sehr schnell und kurzfristig erfolgen müssen.The same applies to struts in marginal seams, in which relatively long rock anchors have to be inserted at locations where there is a risk of eruption, especially between the cap and the coal joint, as well as in areas mechanically disturbed, the length of which is a multiple of the seam thickness and thus the strut opening. So far, short boring bars have been used and screwed together according to the progress of the borehole, the dimensions of which correspond to the face opening. The procedure is very time-consuming and costly, which has a particularly negative effect on the fact that the security work in areas prone to breakouts must be carried out very quickly and at short notice.

Ein weiterer sinnvoller Anwendungsbereich der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erschließ sich im Zuge eines Entwicklungstrends, nach dem in größeren Teufen die Abbaustrecken aus gebirgsmechanischen Gründen im Liegenden angeordnet werden müssen. Hierbei ist es wieterhin zweckmäßig, dem ergentlichen Auffahrtort der Abbaustrecke, d.h. der Stelle, an welcher der Nachriß des Liegendgesteins erfolgt, einen Kurzstreb voraus zu führen. Bei diesem Verfahren bietet es sich an, die Sprenglöcher senkrecht zur Streckenachse, d.h. in der sogenannten Strossenbauweise, herzustellen. Das ist bei der Länge der Sprenglöcher nur mit abgewinkeltem Bohren möglich. Bei geringerer Flözmächtigkeit ist es außerdem notwendig, die Ankerbohrlöcher für den vorläufigen Ausbau zwischen vorauseilendem Streb und endgültigem Streckenausbau ebenfalls mittels des abgewinkelten Bohrens herzustellen.Another sensible area of application of the device according to the invention opens up in the course of a development trend, according to which the mining sections have to be arranged in a lying position for rock mechanical reasons. It is furthermore expedient to determine the additional place of ascent of the mining route, i.e. to lead a short strut ahead at the point at which the bedrock is torn down. With this method, it is advisable to cut the blast holes perpendicular to the route axis, i.e. in the so-called rung construction. Given the length of the blast holes, this is only possible with angled drilling. If the seam thickness is less, it is also necessary to drill the anchor drill holes for the preliminary expansion between the leading strut and the final expansion of the track by means of angled drilling.

Vor allem im Steinkohlenbergbau der Vereinigten Staaten, Australiens und der Republik Südafrika wird zum überwiegenden Teil Örterpfeilerbau angewendet, bei dem die entstehenden Hohlkräume durch Ankerausbau gegen Hereinbrechen der hangenden Gesteinsschichten gesichert werden. Der Abbau findet vielfach in geringmächtigen Flözen statt, wobei zur Sicherung der Abbauräume Anker eingebracht werden müssen, deren Länge erheblich über der Flözmächtigkeit liegt. Auch hier ist ein bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet des abgewinkelten Bohrens mit flexiblem Bohrgestänge gegeben.Above all in the coal mining industry in the United States, Australia and the Republic of South Africa, local pillar construction is used to a large extent, in which the hollow spaces that arise are created by anchoring to prevent them from collapsing of the hanging layers of rock. Mining often takes place in shallow seams, with anchors having to be inserted to secure the excavation spaces, the length of which is considerably greater than the seam thickness. Here, too, there is a preferred area of application for angled drilling with flexible drill rods.

Die Unteransprüche enthalten vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.The sub-claims contain advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, und zwar zeigt:

  • Abb. 1 eine Gesamtansicht des Bohrwagens mit Bohrlafette und aufgesetzter erfindungsgemäßer Einrichtung für das abgewinkelte Bohren,
  • Abb. 2 das vordere Ende der Bohrlafette mit aufgesetzter Bogenführung,
  • Abb. 3 eine Bogenführung für das flexible Bohrgestänge unter Verwendung von Wälzlagern,
  • Abb. 4 eine Bogenführung für das flexible Bohrgestänge unter Verwendung einer Gleitlagerung,
  • Abb. 5 einen Querschnitt durch das flexible Bohrgestänge,
  • Abb. 6 eine Ansicht des flexiblen Bohrgestänges mit aufgesetzter Bohrkrone,
  • Abb. 7 einen Querschnitt durch einen Wälzlagerbock und
  • Abb. 8 ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit Drehdurchführung für die zusätzliche Anwendung der Höchstdruckwassertechnik.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows:
  • Fig. 1 is an overall view of the drill carriage with drill carriage and attached device according to the invention for angled drilling,
  • Fig. 2 the front end of the drill carriage with attached bow guide,
  • Fig. 3 an arch guide for the flexible drill pipe using roller bearings,
  • Fig. 4 an arch guide for the flexible drill pipe using a plain bearing,
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the flexible drill pipe,
  • Fig. 6 is a view of the flexible drill pipe with the drill bit attached,
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a roller bearing block and
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment with a rotating union for the additional application of ultra high pressure water technology.

Abbildung 1 zeigt die erfindungsgemäß Bohreinrichtung für das abgewinkelte Bohren auf einem Bohrwagen 1 mit einem dreh- und schwenkbaren Ausleger 2 und einer an dessen freiem Ende angebrachten raumbeweglichen Lafette 3. Die erfindungsgemäß Bohreinrichtung kann ebensogut auf einem Bohrwagen mit Radantrieb oder auf einer Vortriebsmaschine montiert sein, sie kann in einem Schreitgespann angeordnet oder an einer Hängebahn angebracht werden.Figure 1 shows the drilling device according to the invention for angled drilling on a drilling carriage 1 with a rotatable and pivotable boom 2 and a movable carriage 3 attached to its free end. The drilling device according to the invention can equally well be mounted on a drilling carriage with wheel drive or on a boring machine, it can be arranged in a walking team or attached to a monorail.

Auf der raumbeweglichen Lafette 3 kann in axialer Richtung die an sich bekannte Bohrmaschine 4 verfahren werden, die als Drehbohrmaschine, Drehschlagbohrmaschine oder Schlagdrehbohrmaschine ausgebildet sein kann und die über eingebaute Vorschubeinrichtungen verfügt. Am Abtriebswellenstummel der Drehbohrmaschine 4 ist das flexible Bohrgestänge 5 leicht lösbar befestigt, an dessen vorderem Ende die Bohrkrone 6 angeordnet ist.The drill 4, which is known per se, can be moved in the axial direction on the movable carriage 3, which can be designed as a rotary drill, rotary impact drill or impact rotary drill and which has built-in feed devices. At the output shaft stub of the rotary drilling machine 4, the flexible drill pipe 5 is easily detachably fastened, at the front end of which the drill bit 6 is arranged.

Auf der Bohrlafette 3 sind ferner die Bogenführung 7 befestigt und verschiebbare Lager 8 angeordnet, welche die Führung des flexiblen Bohrgestänges 5 zwischen der Bohrmaschine 4 und der Bogenführung 7 übernehmen. Beim Vorschieben der Bohrmaschine 4 während des Bohrvorganges werden die verschiebbaren Lagerböcke 8 zunachst entriegelt und dann von der Bohrmaschine mitgenommen und gegen die Bogenführung 7 gefahren, beim Rückholvorgang des flexiblen Bohrgestänges 5 werden sie dann wieder mitgenommen, in ihre Ausgangsposition gebracht und dort erneut verriegelt.On the drill carriage 3, the sheet guide 7 are also attached and displaceable bearings 8 are arranged, which take over the leadership of the flexible drill pipe 5 between the drill 4 and the sheet guide 7. When the drilling machine 4 is pushed forward during the drilling process, the displaceable bearing blocks 8 are initially unlocked and then taken away from the drilling machine and moved against the arch guide 7, when the flexible drill rod 5 is retrieved they are then taken back again, brought into their starting position and locked again there.

In Abbildung 2 ist das vordere Ende der Bohrlafette 3 mit der Bogenführung 7, den ersten beiden verschiebbaren Lagern, den Vorschub- und Rückholeinrichtungen sowie den Verriegelungseinrichtungen dargestellt. Bei der Bogenführung handelt es sich um die Konzeptvariante mit Lagerböcken 9, zwischen denen Bohrstücke 10 angeordnet, vorzugsweise verschweißt sind. In Abbildung 2 sind die Lagrböcke 9 in der Ansicht, die dazwischen befindlichen Rohrstücke 10 geschnitten dargestellt. Entsprechend der Knicksteifigkeit des flexiblen Bohrgestänges 5 kann der Abstand der Lagerböcke mehr oder weniger groß sein. Er kann beispielsweise zum Herstellen von Ankerbohrlöchern bei sehr knickstabilen Bohrgestängen 20 bis 30 cm betragen oder bei weniger knickstabilen Bohrgestängen auf Null schrumpfen, d.h. die Lagerböcke 9 stoßen unmittelbar aneinander und die rohrförmigen Zwischenstücke 10 entfallen. Das flexible Bohrgestänge 5 wird konzentrisch durch die Lagerböcke 9 und die rohrförmigen Zwischenstücke 10 geführt. Über Befestigungskonsolen 11 ist die Bogenführung mit der Bohrlafette 3 fest verbunden, vorzugsweise verschraubt oder verschweißt.Figure 2 shows the front end of the drill carriage 3 with the bow guide 7, the first two movable bearings, the feed and return devices and the locking devices. The arch guide is the concept variant with bearing blocks 9, between which bores 10 are arranged, preferably welded. In Figure 2, the Lagrbock 9 are shown in the view, the pipe pieces 10 in between are shown in section. Depending on the buckling stiffness of the flexible drill pipe 5, the distance between the bearing blocks can be more or less large. For example, it can be 20 to 30 cm for the production of anchor drill holes in the case of very kink-resistant drill rods or shrink to zero in the case of less kink-stable drill rods, ie the bearing blocks 9 abut one another directly and the tubular intermediate pieces 10 are dispensed with. The flexible drill pipe 5 is guided concentrically through the bearing blocks 9 and the tubular intermediate pieces 10. The arch guide is firmly connected to the drilling mount 3, preferably screwed or welded, via fastening brackets 11.

Die Bohrlafette 3, die als Führungs- und Gleitbahn für die Bohrmaschine und die verschiebbaren Lagerböcke 8 dient, kann sehr unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein; im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht sie aus zwei nebeneinander angeordneten I-Trägern, deren obere äußere Flanschen 12 von entsprechenden klauenförmigen Führungselementen 13 der verschiebbaren Lagerböcke 8 und der Bohrmaschine übergriffen werden.The drilling mount 3, which serves as a guideway and slideway for the drilling machine and the displaceable bearing blocks 8, can be designed in very different ways; In the exemplary embodiment shown, it consists of two I-beams arranged side by side, the upper outer flanges 12 of which are overlapped by corresponding claw-shaped guide elements 13 of the displaceable bearing blocks 8 and the drilling machine.

Vorzugsweise an beiden Seiten der verschiebbaren Lagerböcke 8 befinden sich Rippen 14, an denen unterschiedlich lange Rückholeinrichtungen 15 angebracht sind. Die Rückholeinrichtungen, welche vorzugsweise ebenfalls beidseitig der verschiebbaren Lagerböcke angeordnet sind, können aus Stangen oder Steilen bestehen. Jedem verschiebbaren Lagerbock 8 ist ein Stangen- bzw. Seilpaar 15 zugeordnet. An ihren nicht dargestellten Enden sind die Stangen bzw. Seile an der Bohrmaschine 4 befestigt. Sie können einseitig, d.h. entweder an der Bohrmaschine 4 oder an den verschiebbaren Lagerböcken 8 fest angebracht sein und müssen an den jeweils anderen Enden in entsprechenden Bohrungen axial verschiebbar sein, damit sie beim Zurückfahren des flexiblen Bohrgestänges 5 in ihre Ausgangsposition zurückgezogen werden können. Im gezeichneten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Rückholeinrichtungen 15 als Stangen ausgebildet und an der Bohrmaschine 4 fest angebracht, während sie die sietlichen Rippen 14 der verschiebbaren Lagerböcke 8 in Bohrungen 16 durchstoßen. Beim Rückholvorgang legen sich jeweils die Anschlagköpfe 17 der als Rückholeinrichtungen dienenden Seile oder Stangen 15 an die seitlichen Rippen 14 der verschiebbaren Lagerböcken 8 an, so daß die Lagerböcke beim Zurückfahren der Bohrmaschine 4 und des flexiblen Bohrgestänges 5 geometrisch genau in ihre in Abbildung 2 dargestellte Ausgangsposition zurückgeholt werden.Ribs 14, on which return devices 15 of different lengths are attached, are preferably located on both sides of the displaceable bearing blocks 8. The return devices, which are preferably also arranged on both sides of the movable bearing blocks, can consist of rods or steep parts. Each movable bearing block 8 is a pair of rods or cables 15 assigned. At their ends, not shown, the rods or ropes are fastened to the drilling machine 4. They can be fixed on one side, that is, either on the drilling machine 4 or on the displaceable bearing blocks 8 and must be axially displaceable at the other ends in corresponding holes so that they can be retracted into their starting position when the flexible drill pipe 5 is retracted. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the return devices 15 are designed as rods and are fixedly attached to the drilling machine 4 while piercing the ribs 14 of the displaceable bearing blocks 8 in bores 16. During the return process, the stop heads 17 of the ropes or rods 15 serving as return devices are placed against the lateral ribs 14 of the displaceable bearing blocks 8, so that the bearing blocks when the drill 4 and the flexible drill rod 5 are retracted geometrically precisely into their starting position shown in FIG. 2 be brought back.

Verriegelungseinrichtungen 18, welche an jedem verschiebbaren Lagerbock 8 angebracht sind, greifen in entsprechende Bohrungen 19 der äußeren oberen Flanschen des aneinander geschweißten I-Trägerpaares, welches als Führungslafette 3 dient. Über Federn 20 werden die Verriegelungseinrichtungen 18 in die Bohrungen 19 gedrückt, so daß eine formschlüssige Verreigelung erfolgt. Während des Bohrvorganges stoßen die Bohrmaschine bzw. die jeweils benachbarten Lagerböcke mit einer entsprechenden Nase gegen die Flächen 21 der Verriegelungseinrichtungen 18, so daß diese gegen die Kraft der Federn 20 mit ihren freien Enden aus den Bohrungen 19 herausgedreht und damit die Verriegelungen gelöst werden. Mit einer nicht dargestellten Vorschubeinrichtung drückt anschließend die Bohrmaschine 4 gegen die Stirnfläche 22 des ersten Lagerbocks und jeder Lagerbock 8 gegen seinen in Bohrrichtung angeordneten Nachbarn 8, so daß diese beim weiteren Bohrvorgang mitgenommen werden.Locking devices 18, which are attached to each movable bearing block 8, engage in corresponding bores 19 of the outer upper flanges of the welded I-beam pair, which as Guide mount 3 is used. The locking devices 18 are pressed into the bores 19 by means of springs 20, so that a positive locking takes place. During the drilling process, the drilling machine or the respectively adjacent bearing blocks with a corresponding nose bump against the surfaces 21 of the locking devices 18, so that they are turned against the force of the springs 20 with their free ends from the bores 19 and thus the locks are released. With a feed device (not shown), the drilling machine 4 then presses against the end face 22 of the first bearing block and each bearing block 8 against its neighbors 8 arranged in the drilling direction, so that these are taken along during the further drilling process.

Den bohrlochseitigen Lagerbock am Ende der Bogenführung umgreift eine Dichtungsmanschette 23, die am Lagerbock mittels der Klammern 24 verspannt ist und mit ihren freien Enden 25 das flexible Bohrgestänge 5 dichtend umschließt, damit kein Wasser oder Bohrklein in die Bogenführung eindrigen kann.The borehole-side bearing block at the end of the arch guide is encompassed by a sealing sleeve 23 which is clamped to the bearing block by means of the clamps 24 and with its free ends 25 sealingly surrounds the flexible drill rod 5 so that no water or cuttings can penetrate into the arch guide.

In Abbildung 3 ist eine Konstruktionsvariante der Bogenführung dargestellt, bei der die Lagerböcke 9 unmittelbar nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Im eine biegesteife Bogenführung zu erreichen, sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel - jeweils um 90 Grad gegeneinander versetzt - zwei kräftige Leistenpaare 26, 27 an den Außenflächen der Lagerböcke 9 angeordnet, von denen das Leistenpaar 26 einen größeren Querschnitt und damit eine größeres Widerstandsmoment als das Leistenpaar 27 besitzt, weil vom ersteren die aus der Andruckkraft resultierenden Abstützkräfte in der Bogenführung aufgenommen werden müssen. Die Leistenpaare sind über Schrauben 28 an den Lagerböcken 9 befestigt, so daß sich insgesamt gesehen eine äußerst formsteife Bogenführung ergibt. In einem jeden Lagerbock 9 wird das flexible Bohrgestänge von einem drehbaren Führungsstück 29 umschlossen. Zum Zwecke der Abdichtung gegen Wasser und Bohrklein ist die gesamte Bogenführung mit einem ziehharmonikaförmigen Dichtungsschlauch 30 aus Gummi oder Kunststoffmaterial überzogen, der an seinem dem Bohrloch zugewandten Ende in die Dichtungsmanschette 23 übergeht, die mit ihren Lippen 25 dichtend am flexiblen Bohrgestänge 5 anliegt.Figure 3 shows a construction variant of the sheet guide in which the bearing blocks 9 are arranged directly next to one another. Im a rigid To achieve sheet guidance, two strong pairs of strips 26, 27 are arranged on the outer surfaces of the bearing blocks 9 in this exemplary embodiment, offset from one another by 90 degrees, of which the strip pair 26 has a larger cross-section and thus a greater section modulus than the strip pair 27 because the support forces resulting from the pressing force must be absorbed by the former in the sheet guide. The pairs of strips are fastened to the bearing blocks 9 by means of screws 28, so that overall an extremely dimensionally stable arch guidance results. The flexible drill pipe is enclosed in each bearing block 9 by a rotatable guide piece 29. For the purpose of sealing against water and cuttings, the entire bow guide is covered with an accordion-shaped sealing hose 30 made of rubber or plastic material, which at its end facing the borehole merges into the sealing collar 23, which rests with its lips 25 sealingly against the flexible drill rod 5.

Abbildung 4 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Bogenführung, bei dem das flexible Bohrgestänge 5 innerhalb eines gebogenen Rohres 31 mit hinreichendem Bewegungsspiel gleitgelagert ist. An seinem bohrlochseitigen Ende ist die rohrförmige Bogenführung - ähnlich wie die Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß Abbildungen 2 und 3 - mit einer Dichtmanschette 23 versehen, die it ihren Lippen 25 dichtend am flexiblen Bohrgestänge 5 anliegt. Ähnlich wie bei den anderen Ausführungsbeispielen (gemäß Abb. 2 und 3) ist die Bogenführung über Stützen 11 fest mit der Bohrlafette 3 verbunden, damit beim Ablenkvorgang infolge der Andruckkräfte die entsprechenden Ablenkkräfte in die Bohrlafette 3 übergeleitet werden können.Figure 4 shows an embodiment for the bow guide, in which the flexible drill pipe 5 is slidably mounted within a curved tube 31 with sufficient movement. At its borehole end, the tubular bow guide is similar to the exemplary embodiments according to Figures 2 and 3 - provided with a sealing sleeve 23, which rests with its lips 25 sealingly against the flexible drill pipe 5. Similar to the other exemplary embodiments (according to FIGS. 2 and 3), the bow guide is firmly connected to the drilling mount 3 via supports 11, so that the corresponding deflecting forces can be transferred into the drilling mount 3 during the deflection process due to the pressing forces.

Über eine Schmierlietung 32 und Schmierungsbohrungen 33 wird die rohrförmige Bogenführung mit Schmiermittel, vorzugsweise Schmierfett, versorgt, um die Reibungswiderstände und den Reibverschluß zwischen dem flexiblen Bohrgestänge und der Bogenführung zu vermindern. Das Schmiersystem ist an eine nicht dargestellte Schmierpumpe anschlossen, die von der Bohrmaschine 4 angetrieben wird, so daß während des Bohrens ständig Schmiermittel nachgeführt wird. Auch am bohrmaschinenseitigen Ende der rohrförmige Bogenführung 31 befindet sich eine Dichtungsmanschette 34, damit an dieser Stelle kein Schmiermittel austreten kann.The tubular arc guide is supplied with lubricant, preferably lubricating grease, via a lubrication tube 32 and lubrication bores 33 in order to reduce the frictional resistance and the frictional lock between the flexible drill pipe and the arc guide. The lubrication system is connected to a lubrication pump, not shown, which is driven by the drilling machine 4, so that lubricant is constantly supplied during the drilling. There is also a sealing sleeve 34 at the end of the tubular curved guide 31 on the drilling machine, so that no lubricant can escape at this point.

Laborversuche haben gezeigt, daß es sehr wohl möglich ist, bei den Kräften, welche beim Bohren von Spreng- und Ankerlöchern auftreten können, die Bogenführung als fettgeschmiertes Gleitlager auszubilden.Laboratory tests have shown that it is very possible for the forces that can occur when drilling explosive and anchor holes to be arched as grease-lubricated Train plain bearings.

Abbildung 5 zeigt einen möglichen Querschnitt des flexiblen Bohrgestänges 5. Das Bohrgestänge ist nach Art eines Seiles (Spannbetonlitze) aus relativ starken Drähten bzw. Stäben 35 aufgebaut, die mit einem verhältnismäßig geringen Verseilungsfaktor um die als Rohr ausgebildete Seele 36 herumgewickelt sind. Die Drehrichtung des Momentes beim drehenden, drehschlagenden oder schlagdrehenden Bohren muß mit der Richtung des Dralls beim Verseilen übereinstimmen. Die Seele 36 ist deshalb als Rohr ausgebildet, damit der Bohrkrone die benötigte Spülflüssigkeit zugeführt werden kann.Figure 5 shows a possible cross section of the flexible drill string 5. The drill string is constructed in the manner of a rope (prestressed concrete strand) from relatively strong wires or rods 35, which are wound around the core 36, which is designed as a tube, with a relatively low stranding factor. The direction of rotation of the torque during rotating, rotary impact or impact drilling must correspond to the direction of the twist during stranding. The core 36 is therefore designed as a tube, so that the drilling fluid required can be supplied with the drilling fluid.

Der Verseilungsfaktor kann relativ gering sein; es sind Ausführungsbeispiele möglich, bei denen der Verseilungsfaktor lediglich zwei bis drei Umdrehungen je Meter flexibles Bohrgestänge beträgt. Als Werkstoff sind - ähnlich wie bei den Spannbetonlitzen - Federstähle oder federstahlähnliche Werkstofe vorgesehen, um den hohen Wechselbiegebeanspruchungen, denen das Bohrgestänge im Bereich der Bogenführung ausgesetzt ist, widerstehen zu können.The stranding factor can be relatively small; Exemplary embodiments are possible in which the stranding factor is only two to three revolutions per meter of flexible drill pipe. Similar to the prestressed concrete strands, spring steel or spring steel-like materials are used as the material in order to withstand the high alternating bending stresses to which the drill pipe is exposed in the area of the bow guide.

Die Zahl der Stäbe bzw. Drähte 35, die um die Hohlseele 36 herumgewickelt sind, kann sehr unterschiedlich sein. Sie hängt ab vom Bohrlochdurchmesser und den daraus resultierenden Drehmomenten und Andrukkräften. Das flexible Bohrgestänge der vorbeschriebenen Form ist außerordentlich knickstabil, so daß gemäß dem in Abbildung 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Abstand der Lagerböcke 9 in der Bogenführung 7 und der Abstand der verschiebbaren Lagerböcke 8 relativ groß sein kann. Die hohe Knicksteifigkeit und der spezielle Aufbau des flexiblen Bohrgestänges gemäß Abbildung 5 ermöglichen es, daß über das Gestänge auch Schläge übertragen werden können, so daß trotz Abwinklung drehschlagendes und schlagdrehendes Bohren möglich ist.The number of rods or wires 35 which are wound around the hollow core 36 can be very different. It depends on the borehole diameter and the resulting ones Torques and pressure forces. The flexible drill pipe of the form described above is extremely resistant to buckling, so that, according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the distance between the bearing blocks 9 in the arch guide 7 and the distance between the displaceable bearing blocks 8 can be relatively large. The high buckling stiffness and the special structure of the flexible drill pipe as shown in Figure 5 make it possible to transmit blows through the pipe, so that, despite bending, it is possible to carry out drilling and turning.

In Abbildung 6 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Befestigung der Bohrkrone am flexiblen Bohrgestänge gemäß Abbildung 5 dargestellt. Die Bohrkrone 37 steckt mit ihrer genormten Befestigung in der Bohrkronenhalterung 38, die über vier jeweils um 90 Grad versetzte Führungsrippen 39 verfügt. Die Bohrkrone kann entsprechend dem zu bohrenden Gestein und dem gewählten Bohrverfahren recht unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein und über zwei oder mehr Bohrschneiden 40 verfügen, die vorzugsweise mit Hartmetallplättchen 41 bestückt sind.Figure 6 shows an embodiment for the attachment of the drill bit to the flexible drill pipe according to Figure 5. The drill bit 37 is inserted with its standardized fastening in the drill bit holder 38, which has four guide ribs 39, each offset by 90 degrees. The drill bit can be designed quite differently according to the rock to be drilled and the selected drilling method and can have two or more cutting edges 40, which are preferably equipped with hard metal plates 41.

Die Befestigung zwischen Bohrkronenhalterung und flexiblem Bohrgestänge kann ebenfalls sehr unterschiedlich sein.The attachment between the drill bit holder and the flexible drill pipe can also be very different.

Die innen hohle Bohrkronenhaltung kann aus kalt verformbarem Stahl bestehen und mit hohen Druckkräften auf das flexible Bohrgestänge (gemäß Abbildung 5) aufgepreßt werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine hinreichend große Haftung, um die Drehmomente, die Andruckkräfte und die Schlagbelastungen übertragen zu können und beim Zurückziehen des Bohrgestänges nicht abgestreift zu werden.The hollow core bit holder can be made of cold-deformable steel and pressed onto the flexible drill pipe with high pressure (as shown in Figure 5). This results in a sufficiently high degree of adhesion to be able to transmit the torques, the pressing forces and the impact loads and not to be stripped when the drill pipe is pulled back.

Gemäß einem anderen Ausführungbeispiel ist es auch möglich, die Bohrkronenhalterung mit dem flexiblen Bohrgestänge zu verlöten oder zu verschweißen. Wird das Bohrgestänge aus Federstahl oder federstahlähnlichen Werkstoffen hergestellt, so empfiehlt sich eine Hartlötverbindung.According to another exemplary embodiment, it is also possible to solder or weld the drill bit holder to the flexible drill pipe. If the drill pipe is made of spring steel or materials similar to spring steel, a brazed connection is recommended.

Die Durchmesser von flexiblem Bohrgestänge, Bohrkronenhalterung und Bohrkrone sind gegeneinander abgestuft.The diameters of the flexible drill pipe, drill bit holder and drill bit are graduated against each other.

Abbildung 7 zeigt ein Schnittbild eines möglichen Ausführungsbeispieles für die Lagerböcke 8 un 9. In dem durch einen Deckel 42 verschlossenen Gehäuse 43 sind zwei Schulterlager 44 angeordnet, die es gemeisam gestatten, Axialkräfte in beiden Richtungen aufzunehmen. Innerhalb der Schulterlager befindet sich ein als Gleitbüchse ausgebildetes Führungsstück 29, das vorzugsweise aus Lagermetall besteht und das über wendelförmige Ausnehmungen 45 verfügt, in denen die schwachverseilten Stäbe bzw. Drähte 35 des flexiblen Bohrgestänges 5 axial gegenüber den Lagerböcken 8 und 9 bewegt werden können. Ein Schmiersystem mit den Bohrungen 46 und 47 sorgt dafür, daß sowohl die Schulterlager 44 ausreichend mit Schmiermittel versorgt werden als auch die für die Axialbewegung zwischen dem Bohrgestänge 5 und dem Führungsstück 29 vorgesehenen Ausnehmungen 45 Schmiermittel erhalten. Beidseitig der Lagerböcke angeordnete Dichtungsringe 48 verhindern das Eindringen von Wasser und Schmutz und das Austreten von Schmiermitteln.Figure 7 shows a sectional view of a possible exemplary embodiment for the bearing blocks 8 and 9. In the housing 43 closed by a cover 42, two shoulder bearings 44 are arranged, which together allow axial forces to be absorbed in both directions. Within the shoulder bearing is a guide piece 29 designed as a sliding bush, which is preferably consists of bearing metal and which has helical recesses 45 in which the weakly stranded rods or wires 35 of the flexible drill rod 5 can be moved axially relative to the bearing blocks 8 and 9. A lubrication system with the bores 46 and 47 ensures that both the shoulder bearings 44 are adequately supplied with lubricant and that the recesses 45 provided for the axial movement between the drill rod 5 and the guide piece 29 receive lubricant. Sealing rings 48 arranged on both sides of the bearing blocks prevent the ingress of water and dirt and the escape of lubricants.

Anstelle der Schulterlager können in einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel auch Pendelrollenlager eingesetzt werden.In another embodiment, spherical roller bearings can also be used instead of the shoulder bearings.

Um die Arbeit der Bohrschneiden 40 an der Bohrkrone 37 durch Höchstdruckwasserstrahlen zu unterstützen und damit den Bohrfortschritt noch einmal wesentlich steigern zu können besteht die Möglichkeit, auf die Bohrmaschine 4 eine Höchstdruck-Drehdurchführung gemäß Abbildung 8 aufzusetzen. Der Unterstützung des drehenden oder drehschlagenden Bohrens durch Höchstdruckwasserstrahlen zum Zwecke der Steigerung der Bohrleistung haften die Einschränkungen der HDW-Technik, welche im Abschnitt 2 beschrieben worden sind, nicht an.In order to support the work of the cutting edges 40 on the drill bit 37 by means of ultra-high pressure water jets and thus to be able to significantly increase the drilling progress once again, there is the possibility of placing an ultra high pressure rotary union according to Figure 8 on the drilling machine 4. The restrictions apply to the support of rotating or rotary drilling by ultra-high pressure water jets for the purpose of increasing the drilling performance the HDW technology, which have been described in section 2, does not.

Die Drehdurchführung besteht - wie an sich bekannt - aus 2 x 3 Dichtungspakteten 49,50, die symmetrisch beidseitig der Höchstdrukwasserzuführung 51 angeordnet sind. Die beiden der HDW-Zuführung am nächstend angeordneten Dichtungssätze 50 werden auf ihrer Rückseite von hochviskosem Öl beaufschlagt, welches in einem Druckübersetzer 52 auf einen gegenüber dem Höchstdruckwasser 5 bis 10 % erhöhten Druck gebracht wird. Auf diese Weise werden die am meisten gefährdeten Dichtungen 50 druckentlastet und gleichzeitig geschmiert.As is known per se, the rotating union consists of 2 x 3 sealing packs 49, 50, which are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the maximum pressure water supply 51. The two sealing sets 50 arranged closest to the HDW supply are acted upon on their rear side by highly viscous oil, which is brought to a pressure which is 5 to 10% higher than the maximum pressure water in a pressure intensifier 52. In this way, the most vulnerable seals 50 are depressurized and lubricated at the same time.

Claims (24)

1. Apparatus for producing bore holes from a position which is angled with respect to the axis of the bore hole, having a spatially movable boring mounting carriage (3), a boring machine (4) which is axially moveable on the boring mounting carriage (3), a flexible boring linkage (5) and a curved guide (7) which is secured on the boring mounting carriage (3) and can be deflected out of the axis of rotation of the boring machine (4) into the axis of the bore hole by means of the flexible boring linkage (5) and which comprises bearing blocks (9) which contain roller bearings (44) and the distance between which is less than the critical buckling load of the flexible boring linkage (5) under the stresses occurring, characterised in that the flexible boring linkage (5) consists of a core (36) formed as a tube and rods (35) made of spring steel or a material similar to spring steel which are wound about this core (36) at a cabling factor of 2 to 3 revs per metre, such that the boring linkage can also transfer impact energy.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the tube (36) acting as a core is composed of spring steel or a material similar to spring steel.
3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that an insertion device (38) for a core bit (37) and end for insertion into the boring machine (4) consist of material which can be shaped cold and are pressed onto the flexible boring linkage (5).
4. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the insertion device (38) for the core bit (37) and the end for insertion into the boring machine (4) are secured by brazing or welding to the flexible boring linkage (5).
5. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the insertion device (38) for the core bit (37) comprises guide ribs (39) known per se.
6. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that spacer tubes (10) are provided between the bearing blocks (9).
7. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the bearing block adjacent the bore hole comprises a sealing sleeve (23) of which the lips (25) abut against the flexible boring linkage (5) in a leaktight manner
8. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the bearing blocks (9) are connected to one another by means of four curved strips (26, 27) which are offset in each case by 90°.
9. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the curved guide is in the form of a tubular friction bearing (31) with sealing sleeves (23, 34) at both ends.
10. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the tubular curved guide comprises at particularly suitable points lubricant supply ducts (33) which are connected to a lubricant line (32).
11. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that there is associated with the boring linkage (5) in its area extending parallel to the boring mounting carriage (3) displaceable bearing blocks (8), the mutual distance between which is likewise smaller than the critical buckling length of the boring linkage (5) under the loads which occur.
12. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the displaceable bearing blocks are mounted on brackets which surround the boring mounting carriage (3) with sufficient movement clearance by means of claw-like guide elements (13).
13. Device according to Claim 12, characterised in that on the brackets of the displaceable bearing blocks (8) there are mounted locking devices (18) which can be locked and unlocked and engage in corresponding recesses (19) in the boring mounting carriage (3).
14. Device according to Claim 13, characterised in that the locking devices (18) are unlocked by means of control cams (21) upon impingement on corresponding structural components of the boring machine (4) or of the adjacent blocks (8), and the displaceable bearing blocks (8) can then be moved in the direction of the curved guide (7) on the boring mounting carriage (8).
15. Device according to any one of Claims 11 to 14, characterised in that the force for advancing the bearing blocks (8) is applied against and transferred to the end faces (22) thereof by the boring machine (4) or the adjacent blocks (8).
16. Device according to any one of Claims 11 to 15, characterised in that the bearing blocks (8) are connected to the boring machine (4) via restoring devices (15) of differing lengths which, when the flexible boring linkage (5) is fetched back, entrain the displaceable bearing blocks (8) and secure them again in their original positions.
17. Device according to Claim 16, characterised in that the restoring devices (15) provided between the boring machine (4) and the displaceable bearing blocks (8) are rigidly mounted at their one end and at the other end are disposed in a force-locking manner in corresponding bores (16) with heads (17) acting as stops.
18. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 17, characterised in that there are disposed in the bearing blocks (8, 9) roller bearings on the inner side of which a guide piece (29) can rotate which comprises on the inner surface helical recesses (15) in which the rods or wires (25) of the flexible boring linkage (5) can be axially displaced.
19. Device according to Claim 18, characterised in that the guide piece (29) preferably consists of friction bearing metal.
20. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the bearing blocks (8, 9) comprise two detachable parts (42, 43) in order to be able to fit the roller bearings (44) and the spacer sleeves as well as the guide piece (29).
21. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that lubricating bores (46, 47) are provided by means of which the roller bearings (44) and the sliding grooves (45) as well as the wires (35) of the flexible boring linkage (5) can be lubricated.
22. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the bearing blocks (8, 9) are protected via sealing rings (48) against the penetration of water or dirt and the egress of lubricant.
23. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the roller bearings (44) are in the form of shoulder bearings which enable axial forces to be absorbed in both directions.
24. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 23, characterised in that there is provided in or in front of the boring machine (4) a symmetrical rotational passage known per se for super-pressurised water, of which the pressure on the main seal (50) is relieved by means of a pressure transfer device (52) and an auxiliary circuit of highly viscous oil.
EP19870905613 1986-08-29 1987-08-27 Process and device for producing drilling holes from an angled position in relation to the drilling axes Expired - Lifetime EP0280705B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87905613T ATE72875T1 (en) 1986-08-29 1987-08-27 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DRILLING BORES FROM AN ANGLED POSITION ABOUT THE BOREHOLE AXIS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19863629366 DE3629366A1 (en) 1986-08-29 1986-08-29 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DRILL HOLES FROM A POSITION ANGLED FROM THE DRILL AXIS
DE3629366 1986-08-29

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EP0280705A1 EP0280705A1 (en) 1988-09-07
EP0280705B1 true EP0280705B1 (en) 1992-02-26

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US (1) US4905777A (en)
EP (1) EP0280705B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE72875T1 (en)
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WO1988001677A1 (en) 1988-03-10
ATE72875T1 (en) 1992-03-15
EP0280705A1 (en) 1988-09-07
DE3776890D1 (en) 1992-04-02
DE3629366A1 (en) 1988-03-03
US4905777A (en) 1990-03-06

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