EP0169393B1 - Device for producing boreholes at an inaccessible cross-section - Google Patents

Device for producing boreholes at an inaccessible cross-section Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0169393B1
EP0169393B1 EP85107857A EP85107857A EP0169393B1 EP 0169393 B1 EP0169393 B1 EP 0169393B1 EP 85107857 A EP85107857 A EP 85107857A EP 85107857 A EP85107857 A EP 85107857A EP 0169393 B1 EP0169393 B1 EP 0169393B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working
axis
section
pipe
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85107857A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0169393A1 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Pfeiffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTS Minitunnelsysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
MTS Minitunnelsysteme GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by MTS Minitunnelsysteme GmbH filed Critical MTS Minitunnelsysteme GmbH
Priority to AT85107857T priority Critical patent/ATE43884T1/en
Publication of EP0169393A1 publication Critical patent/EP0169393A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0169393B1 publication Critical patent/EP0169393B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • E21B7/208—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes using down-hole drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the dismantling unit usually used here leads to a multitude of problems, particularly in the case of different soil conditions. Only in this context, for example, are the slight deformation or destruction of the drilling tool when hitting underground obstacles, the necessary breaking off of bores as a result of obstacles occurring unexpectedly in front of the work pipe in the form of rocks, wood and foundation remains or the like and the deviation of the Drilling points from the given direction due to different soil layers.
  • the working pipe of the known device therefore has an additional pipe section connected to it in an articulated manner.
  • the removal of the material detached from the working face presents difficulties, since this can only be removed through openings in the excavation tool that are impassable for larger stones, boulders or the like. These therefore remain in front of the removal tool, clog it and make it impossible to continue drilling.
  • the known device can therefore only be used with advantage in water-bearing, soft soil layers.
  • the invention has for its object the device of the type mentioned to further develop that it is also suitable for drilling through inhomogeneous, obstacle-containing soil layers, can exert large forces per unit area without the axis of the working tube being displaced from the desired axis, and simple replacement of the removal tool and simple repair and maintenance of the entire dismantling unit are possible.
  • the invention has a number of advantages. Due to the use of a removal tool, the outer cross section of which is considerably smaller than the outer cross section of the working tube and thus the cross section of the bore to be produced, comparatively small gears can apply large forces per unit area. By means of the controlled movement of the removal tool, it is possible to gradually increase the cross section of the bore and to remove obstacles without the resulting forces exerted on the removal tool exceeding a critical value with regard to the deviation from the direction. Finally, it is easily possible to replace the dismantling tool, since the entire dismantling unit only needs to be moved to the end of the working tube that is distant from the working face and needs to be transported from there by means of rail systems or the like through the tube sections that may follow the working tube to the press pit from which drilling is started.
  • the device according to the invention contains, for example, a steel working tube 1 with a rail system 2 fastened in it, with which a dismantling unit 3 can be moved back and forth parallel to the longitudinal axis 4 of the working tube 1.
  • the rail system 2 contains two diametrically opposite, parallel to each other and to the axis 4 of the working tube arranged guide rails 5, which on the inner wall of the. Working tube 1 are attached.
  • These recesses 8 encompass a turntable 9 on two diametrically opposite sides, which has a cylindrical outer surface, is rotatably supported in the recesses 8 of the frame 7 by means of bearing rollers 10 and has a radial recess 9a at its front end.
  • the bearing rollers 10 are arranged in the frame 7 on a circular arc, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the slewing ring 9.
  • the axis of rotation 11 of the turntable 9 intersects the axis 4 of the working tube 1 at a right angle.
  • the turntable 9 is hollow or open on the inside and is provided with two pivot bearings 12, the common pivot axis 13 of which passes through the intersection of the axes 4 and 11 and is arranged perpendicular to both the axis 4 and the axis of rotation 11.
  • the pivot bearings 12 are used for the pivotable mounting of a removal head 14 which projects radially through the recess 9a and carries at its front end a removal tool 15 which, for example, consists of a milling head which can be rotated at high speed and whose outer diameter is significantly smaller, preferably at least half smaller than that Inner diameter of the working tube 1.
  • the removal tool 15 is fastened to the removal head 14 in an easily replaceable manner by means of a quick-action chuck, which essentially consists of a transmission housing 16, a drive motor 17 flanged onto it, for example a hydraulic motor, and a transmission arranged in the transmission housing 16.
  • a quick-action chuck which essentially consists of a transmission housing 16, a drive motor 17 flanged onto it, for example a hydraulic motor, and a transmission arranged in the transmission housing 16.
  • the removal head 14 can be rotated on the one hand by means of the slewing ring 9 about the axis of rotation 11, which is subsequently regarded as the Y axis of an imaginary coordinate system, and on the other hand, by means of the pivot bearing 12, about the pivot axis 13 subsequently viewed as the X axis of the imaginary coordinate system.
  • the dismantling unit can be displaced by means of the rail system 2 in the direction of the axis 4 in accordance with the Z axis of the imaginary coordinate system.
  • the rearward extension of the axis of rotation of the removal tool 15 always runs through the intersection of the three axes 4, 11 and 13.
  • a control device which has three separately controllable drives, preferably designed as cylinder / piston arrangements 18, 19 and 20, is used to produce these movements of the removal tool 15.
  • the cylinder / piston arrangement 18 has a cylinder 21 articulated on the frame 7 and a piston rod 23 articulated on a holder 22 of the extraction head ° 14 and is for pivoting the extraction head 14 about the pivot axis 13 or for moving the extraction tool 15 in Y direction responsible.
  • the cylinder / piston arrangement 19 also has an attached to the frame 7 steered the cylinder 24 and a piston rod 26 articulated on a holder 25 of the rotating ring 9 and is responsible for rotating the rotating ring 9 or pivoting the attached removal head 14 about the axis of rotation 11 and thus for moving the removal tool 15 in the X direction .
  • the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 has a cylinder 28 articulated on a slide 27 and a piston rod 29 articulated on the frame 7 and serves to move the frame 7 or the removal unit 3 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 4 and thus to move the removal tool 15 in the Z direction. All cylinders and piston rods are each articulated to the components assigned to them in such a way that all swiveling or rotating movements can be carried out individually and / or in combination.
  • the carriage 27, like the frame 7, is slidably mounted on the guide rails 5 by means of rollers 30. It is also provided with a locking device by means of which it can be immovably locked in the working tube 1.
  • the locking device comprises, for example, two cylinder / piston arrangements 31 with cylinders 32 mounted on the slide 27 and piston rods 33 arranged perpendicular to the working tube axis 4, which can be pressed in a clamping manner against the inner wall of the working tube 1 or the guide rails 5, around the slide 7 on any one Place in the direction of axis 4.
  • recesses 34 can be formed in the guide rails 5 at preselected intervals, into which the outer ends of the piston rods 33 or pins fastened thereon can be inserted in order to lock the slide 27 at predetermined points in the direction of the axis 4 by positive locking instead of positive locking.
  • a preferably mechanical conveying device which is expediently arranged in a space 36 (FIG. 1) below the turntable 9 or the entire dismantling unit 3, is used to remove the material detached from the excavation tool 15 on the working face.
  • This can include, for example, a shovel that can be moved by chains, a conveyor belt or a push rod system that has a plurality of pivotable flaps arranged at a distance, which in each case gradually transfer the dissolved material to a subsequent flap.
  • the funding takes place in each case parallel to the working tube axis 4 and in such a way that the actual conveying element can be moved up to approximately the front end of the working tube 1 and thus up to the working face in order to accommodate the detached and falling material. Due to the fact that the removal tool 15 and the removal head 14 have a sufficiently small effective outer cross section in comparison to the inside cross section of the working tube 1, conveying devices of this type can easily be accommodated in the space 36.
  • the method of working with the device according to the invention is as follows: first, press pits are excavated at both ends of the underground bore to be produced.
  • the working tube 1 is now placed in such a way that its front end rests against the wall of the press pit to be drilled, the axis 4 coincides with the axis of the through hole to be produced and the two guide rails are arranged at the same height so that they meet the Axis 4 form a horizontal plane dividing the working tube into an upper and lower half.
  • the arrangement is such that the dismantling unit 3 is essentially above this level, whereas the conveyor device is essentially below this level.
  • the axis of rotation of the removal tool 15 is expediently arranged coaxially to the axis 4 at this time.
  • the carriage 27 is now locked in the working tube 1 by means of the cylinder / piston arrangements 31, so that it forms an abutment for the displacement of the frame 7 in the Z direction.
  • the frame 7 is advanced to the removal tool 15 through the front end of the working tube to the wall to be drilled, i.e.. H. to put on the current face.
  • the drilling process is initiated by switching on the motor 17.
  • a partial cut milling head is used as the removal tool 15, for example, which detaches the material lying in its area of effect.
  • the mining tool 15 is then moved in the X, Y and Z directions such that it gradually creates a borehole with an ever increasing cross section.
  • the through-hole sections created by the removal tool 15 and extending in the Z direction must be secured by pipes. This is done by pushing the working tube 1 with a hydraulic press or the like from the press pit as far as the respective piercing section allows. If the working tube 1 has completely disappeared into the through-hole, further tubes are inserted into the part of the through-hole that becomes free on the back of the working tube. Before pushing the working pipe 1 or the other pipes, the removal tool 15 is pulled back into the working pipe 1 by means of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20. Is it desirable to slide the carriage 27 at a different location within the To position the working tube 1, all that is required is to release the associated locking device and to apply the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 accordingly, since the comparatively heavy removal unit 3 remains at a standstill. Alternatively, it would also be possible to assign a locking device to the removal unit 3.
  • the automatic conveying device is set in motion, which picks up the dissolved material and transports it under the mining unit 3 to the other end of the working tube 1. Behind the mining unit 3 or the rear end of the working tube 1, the conveyed material can be transferred directly to a conveyor belt arranged in the press pit.
  • the effective range of the conveying device expediently extends only over the length of the working tube 1, so that it can be advanced together with the latter. Therefore, after the working pipe has disappeared into the through hole, further devices are required to take over the material transported with the conveying device to the rear end of the working pipe and to move it to the press pit. For this purpose, provision can be made, for example, to provide the tubes pushed behind the working tube with guide rails for a carriage that can be moved back and forth.
  • the work of the removal tool 15 is expediently monitored by means of a television camera or the like mounted on the removal unit 3.
  • the type and position of the obstacle can therefore be determined precisely by means of the television camera and the dismantling tool 15 can be acted on via the control device such that this gradually removes the obstacle.
  • a favorable angle of the dismantling tool to the obstacle can always be produced and avoided that forces are exerted on the working tube 1 to such an extent that it is laterally displaced from its desired path.
  • the desired feed direction of the working tube can be adhered to very precisely, for example by using a laser beam to define a target axis for the through-drilling and controlling the movement of the removal tool with respect to this target axis. Since in this case the axes of the through-hole sections produced by the removal tool are centered by the laser beam, it is practically impossible for the actual through-hole axis to deviate from the desired axis.
  • the entire removal unit 3 is moved by means of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 to the rear end of the working tube, there to a cart or .
  • Coupled which is inserted into the tubes following the working tube, and transferred from this into the press pit.
  • the transport devices required to replace the removal tool and the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder / piston arrangements but also, for example, to the manner in which the removal tool 15 is moved in its area of action. It would be possible, for example, to move the removal tool linearly in the X and Y directions or to move it with the aid of guides or linkages in the form of parallelograms, instead of causing the movements in these directions by rotating or pivoting movements.
  • the control device can be designed in any way and can be provided with automatically working computers or microprocessors for calculating the movements of the removal tool. It would also be possible to omit the rail system 2 and the frame 7 and the slide 27 in another way, for. B. by means of simple sliding or roller guides, slidably stored in the working tube 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for making small-bore underground tunnels. It contains a working tube which can be advanced in the direction of the developing tunnel, and an excavating unit mounted in the working tube and having an excavating tool. The excavating unit is displaceable in the working tube. The excavating tool has a substantially smaller effective outside cross section than corresponds to the internal cross section of the working tube, and is mounted on the excavating unit so as to be displaceable in directions perpendicular to the working tube axis. Drive means serve for moving the excavating tube within a range of action whose maximum cross section, measured perpendicular to the working tube axis, corresponds at least to the outside cross section of the working tube.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention relates to a device of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Im Tiefbau ist es üblich, unterirdische Rohrleitungen für die Wasser-, Gas- und Fernwärmeversorgung od. dgl. dadurch herzustellen, daß in oberflächennahen Bereichen Durchbohrungen ausgeführt und die erhaltenen Durchbohrungen durch in diese eingebrachte Rohre gesichert werden. Da die Durchbohrungen nicht begehbar sind und daher keine Möglichkeit besteht, das Abbauwerkzeug durch eine unmittelbar an der jeweiligen Ortsbrust stehende Bedienungsperson zu steuern, ist eine Vorrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Art entwickelt worden (DE-A-3204564), die sich selbsttätig, d. h. ohne Mitführung einer Bedienungsperson, durch das Erdreich arbeitet. Das Bedienungspersonal hat lediglich die Aufgabe, von einer am Anfang des Hohlraums ausgebildeten Preßgrube aus das die Abbaueinheit führende Arbeitsrohr in Richtung des entstehenden Hohlraums vorzuschieben und ggf. dem Arbeitsrohr weitere, der Abstützung dienende Rohre nachzuschieben.In civil engineering, it is customary to manufacture underground pipelines for the water, gas and district heating supply or the like in that perforations are carried out in areas near the surface and the perforations obtained are secured by pipes introduced into them. Since the holes cannot be walked on and there is therefore no possibility of controlling the removal tool by an operator standing directly on the respective face, a device of the type described at the outset has been developed (DE-A-3204564) which is automatic, i. H. without having to carry an operator through the soil. The operator only has the task of pushing the working pipe leading the extraction unit in the direction of the resulting cavity from a press pit formed at the beginning of the cavity and, if necessary, pushing further pipes serving as support to the working pipe.

Die hierbei üblicherweise eingesetzte Abbaueinheit führt insbesondere bei unterschiedlichen Bodenverhältnissen zu einer Vielzahl von Problemen. Nur beispielsweise sei in diesem Zusammenhang auf die leichte Verformung oder Zerstörung des Bohrwerkzeugs beim Auffahren auf unterirdische Hindernisse, den erforderlichen Abbruch von Bohrungen infolge von unvermutet vor dem Arbeitsrohr auftretenden Hindernissen in Form von Gesteinsbrocken, Holz- und Fundamentresten od. dgl. und das Abweichen der Bohrungen aus der vorgegebenen Richtung infolge unterschiedlicher Bodenschichten hingewiesen.The dismantling unit usually used here leads to a multitude of problems, particularly in the case of different soil conditions. Only in this context, for example, are the slight deformation or destruction of the drilling tool when hitting underground obstacles, the necessary breaking off of bores as a result of obstacles occurring unexpectedly in front of the work pipe in the form of rocks, wood and foundation remains or the like and the deviation of the Drilling points from the given direction due to different soil layers.

Die genannten Probleme sind vor allem eine Folge davon, daß die bekannte Abbaueinheit mit einem Abbauwerkzeug versehen ist, dessen Außenquerschnitt im wesentlichen dem Außenquerschnitt der herzustellenden Durchbohrung entspricht, so daß stets ein ganzflächiger Abbau stattfindet. Dies ist bei homogenen Bodenverhältnissen an der Ortsbrust nicht störend, weil sich beim Bohrvorgang die am drehsymmetrischen Abbauwerkzeug auftretenden Kräfte gegenseitig aufheben. Bei inhomogenen Bodenverhältnissen dagegen sind die Kräfte an den Schneiden bzw. Meißeln des Abbauwerkzeugs unterschiedlich groß, wodurch sich eine resultierende Kraft auf das Abbauwerkzeug ergibt, die dieses in Richtung der Bodenschicht mit der geringsten Druckfestigkeit zu verdrängen sucht und dadurch ein Abweichen von der gewünschten Richtung verursacht. Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils weist das Arbeitsrohr der bekannten Vorrichtung daher einen gelenkig mit diesem verbundenen weiteren Rohrabschnitt auf. Hierdurch ist es zwar möglich, etwaige Hindernisse zu umgehen und die Arbeitsrohrachse nach Umgehung eines Hindernisses durch Steuerung der Winkelstellung des weiteren Rohrabschnitts wieder auf die Sollachse der Durchbohrung einzustellen. Mit derartigen Vorrichtungen ist es jedoch unmöglich, Hindernisse wegzuräumen und ohne Abweichung von der Sollachse der Durchbohrung zu durchdringen.The problems mentioned are primarily a consequence of the fact that the known mining unit is provided with a mining tool, the outer cross section of which essentially corresponds to the outer cross section of the through-hole to be produced, so that there is always a full-surface mining. This is not a problem in the case of homogeneous soil conditions on the working face, because the forces occurring on the rotationally symmetrical removal tool cancel each other out during the drilling process. In the case of inhomogeneous soil conditions, on the other hand, the forces on the cutting or chiseling tools of the removal tool are different, which results in a resultant force on the removal tool which tends to displace it in the direction of the bottom layer with the lowest compressive strength and thereby causes a deviation from the desired direction . To avoid this disadvantage, the working pipe of the known device therefore has an additional pipe section connected to it in an articulated manner. As a result, it is possible to avoid any obstacles and, after bypassing an obstacle, by adjusting the angular position of the further pipe section to set the working pipe axis back to the desired axis of the through-hole. With such devices, however, it is impossible to clear away obstacles and penetrate them without deviating from the target axis of the perforation.

Zum sicheren Lösen des an der Ortsbrust anstehenden Materials sind bei Anwendung der bekannten Vorrichtung weiterhin erhebliche Drehmomente erforderlich. Die maximal erreichbaren Drehmomente sind jedoch durch die Abmessungen der Getriebe begrenzt, die im Rohrquerschnitt untergebracht werden können, so daß die an der Ortsbrust verfügbaren Kräfte pro Flächeneinheit unerwünscht klein sind. Weiterhin ist die bekannte Vorrichtung mit einer fest im Arbeitsrohr montierten Abbaueinheit versehen. Dies hat zur Folge, daß eine Wartung und Reparatur ihrer Funktionsteile, ein Auswechseln ihrer Verschleißteile und eine Anpassung ihres Abbauwerkzeugs an sich ändernde Bodenverhältnisse nicht ohne weiteres bzw. nur mit großem Aufwand möglich ist, da eine einmal in einem Hohlraum eingeführte Abbaueinheit wegen der nicht begehbaren Hohlraumquerschnitte nur dadurch geborgen werden kann, daß sie von der Oberfläche des zu unterbohrenden Streckenabschnitts her freigegraben wird. Schließlich bereitet bei Anwendung der bekannten Vorrichtung der Abtransport des an der Ortsbrust abgelösten Materials Schwierigkeiten, da dieses nur durch Öffnungen im Abbauwerkzeug abtransportiert werden kann, die für größere Steine, Gesteinsbrocken od. dgl. unpassierbar sind. Diese bleiben daher vor dem Abbauwerkzeug liegen, setzen dieses zu und machen ein Weiterbohren unmöglich. Die bekannte Vorrichtung ist daher nur in wasserführenden, weichen Bodenschichten mit Vorteil anwendbar.Considerable torques are still required to safely release the material present at the working face when using the known device. However, the maximum achievable torques are limited by the dimensions of the gears, which can be accommodated in the tube cross section, so that the forces available per unit area on the face are undesirably small. Furthermore, the known device is provided with a dismantling unit fixedly mounted in the working tube. This has the consequence that a maintenance and repair of their functional parts, a replacement of their wear parts and an adaptation of their removal tool to changing soil conditions is not possible easily or only with great effort, since a removal unit once inserted into a cavity is not accessible due to the fact that it cannot be walked on Cavity cross sections can only be recovered by digging them free from the surface of the section of the route to be drilled. Finally, when using the known device, the removal of the material detached from the working face presents difficulties, since this can only be removed through openings in the excavation tool that are impassable for larger stones, boulders or the like. These therefore remain in front of the removal tool, clog it and make it impossible to continue drilling. The known device can therefore only be used with advantage in water-bearing, soft soil layers.

Ähnliche Vorrichtungen dieser Art (Wirth-Techn. Beschreibung des Rohrvortriebssystems HBG 700, Typ 1 ; TIS 8/81, S. 550-555, 2/83, S. 60/61 und 3/83, S. 109-121 ; DE-C-32 22 880 ; DE-A-32 49 087) arbeiten im wesentlichen nach demselben Wirkungsprinzip und führen daher bei der praktischen Anwendung zu vergleichbaren Schwierigkeiten.Similar devices of this type (Wirth-Techn. Description of the pipe jacking system HBG 700, type 1; TIS 8/81, pp. 550-555, 2/83, pp. 60/61 and 3/83, pp. 109-121; DE -C-32 22 880; DE-A-32 49 087) work essentially on the same principle of action and therefore lead to comparable difficulties in practical use.

Die zum Herstellen von Hohlräumen mit begehbaren Querschnitten, z. B. Tunneln, bekannten Vorrichtungen (GB-A-1 180 910, DE-A-24 62 542) « lassen sich beim Herstellen von Hohlräumen mit nicht begehbaren Querschnitten nicht ohne weiteres entsprechend anwenden. Dies liegt vor allem daran, daß derartige Vorrichtungen entweder vor Ort bemannt oder wegen der Begehbarkeit der Hohlräume für das Bedienungspersonal wenigstens jederzeit zugänglich sind und daher weder automatische, von einer u. U. mehrere hundert Meter von der Ortsbrust entfernten Stelle aus bedienbare Steuervorrichtungen benötigen noch im Hinblick auf die von Ort durchführbaren Reparatur-, Wartungs-, oder Anpassungsarbeiten Probleme mit sich bringen.The for creating cavities with walkable cross sections, for. B. tunnels, known devices (GB-A-1 180 910, DE-A-24 62 542) «can not be used accordingly in the manufacture of cavities with non-accessible cross sections. This is mainly due to the fact that such devices are either manned on site or are accessible to the operating personnel at least at all times because of the accessibility of the cavities and are therefore neither automatic, by a u. Control devices which can be operated several hundred meters from the face of the site still require problems with regard to the repair, maintenance or adaptation work which can be carried out on site.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Vorrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß sie sich auch zur Durchbohrung von inhomogenen, Hindernisse aufweisenden Bodenschichten eignet, große Kräfte pro Flächeneinheit aufbringen kann, ohne daß dadurch die Achse des Arbeitsrohrs von der Sollachse verdrängt wird, und ein einfaches Auswechseln des Abbauwerkzeugs und eine einfache Reparatur und Wartung der gesamten Abbaueinheit möglich sind.The invention has for its object the device of the type mentioned to further develop that it is also suitable for drilling through inhomogeneous, obstacle-containing soil layers, can exert large forces per unit area without the axis of the working tube being displaced from the desired axis, and simple replacement of the removal tool and simple repair and maintenance of the entire dismantling unit are possible.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The characterizing features of claim 1 serve to achieve this object.

Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Further advantageous features of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung bringt eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen mit sich. Aufgrund der Verwendung eines Abbauwerkzeugs, dessen Außenquerschnitt wesentlich kleiner als der Außenquerschnitt des Arbeitsrohrs und damit des Querschnitts der herzustellenden Durchbohrung ist, können mit vergleichsweise kleinen Getrieben große Kräfte pro Flächeneinheit aufgebracht werden. Durch die gesteuerte Bewegung des Abbauwerkzeugs ist es möglich, den Querschnitt der Durchbohrung allmählich zu vergrößern und Hindernisse zu beseitigen, ohne daß die resultierenden, auf das Abbauwerkzeug ausgeübten Kräfte einen hinsichtlich der Abweichung aus der Richtung kritischen Wert überschreiten. Schließlich ist es leicht möglich, das Abbauwerkzeug auszuwechseln, da hierzu die gesamte Abbaueinheit lediglich an das von der Ortsbrust entfernte Ende des Arbeitsrohrs verschoben und von dort mittels Schienensystemen od. dgl. durch die dem Arbeitsrohr evtl. folgenden Rohrabschnitte bis zu der Preßgrube transportiert werden braucht, von der aus mit der Durchbohrung begonnen wird.The invention has a number of advantages. Due to the use of a removal tool, the outer cross section of which is considerably smaller than the outer cross section of the working tube and thus the cross section of the bore to be produced, comparatively small gears can apply large forces per unit area. By means of the controlled movement of the removal tool, it is possible to gradually increase the cross section of the bore and to remove obstacles without the resulting forces exerted on the removal tool exceeding a critical value with regard to the deviation from the direction. Finally, it is easily possible to replace the dismantling tool, since the entire dismantling unit only needs to be moved to the end of the working tube that is distant from the working face and needs to be transported from there by means of rail systems or the like through the tube sections that may follow the working tube to the press pit from which drilling is started.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit der beiliegenden Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Fig. 1 eine Vorderansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
  • Fig. 2 die Draufsicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 ; und
  • Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1.
The invention is explained in more detail below in connection with the accompanying drawing using an exemplary embodiment. Show it :
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of the device according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of the device of Fig. 1; and
  • 3 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 1.

Nach Fig. 1 bis 3 enthält die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ein beispielsweise aus Stahl bestehendes Arbeitsrohr 1 mit einem in diesem befestigten Schienensystem 2, mit dem eine Abbaueinheit 3 parallel zur Längsachse 4 des Arbeitsrohrs 1 in diesem hin- und hergefahren werden kann. Das Schienensystem 2 enthält zwei diametral gegenüberliegende, parallel zueinander und zur Achse 4 des Arbeitsrohrs angeordnete Führungsschienen 5, die an der Innenwandung des . Arbeitsrohrs 1 befestigt sind. Auf diesen Führungsschienen 5 rollen von beiden Seiten her mehrere Laufrollen 6 eines Rahmens 7, in dem die Abbaueinheit 3 montiert ist und der im Bereich beider Führungsschienen 5 je eine zur Längsachse 4 hin gerichtete, U-förmige Ausnehmung 8 aufweist. Diese Ausnehmungen 8 umgreifen an zwei diametral gegenüberliegenden Seiten einen Drehkranz 9, der eine zylindrische Mantelfläche aufweist, mit Hilfe von Lagerrollen 10 drehbar in den Ausnehmungen 8 des Rahmens 7 abgestützt ist und an seinem Vorderende eine radiale Ausnehmung 9a aufweist. Die Lagerrollen 10 sind im Rahmen 7 auf einem Kreisbogen angeordnet, dessen Durchmesser dem Durchmesser des Drehkranzes 9 entspricht. Die Drehachse 11 des Drehkranzes 9 schneidet die Achse 4 des Arbeitsrohrs 1 unter einem rechten Winkel.1 to 3, the device according to the invention contains, for example, a steel working tube 1 with a rail system 2 fastened in it, with which a dismantling unit 3 can be moved back and forth parallel to the longitudinal axis 4 of the working tube 1. The rail system 2 contains two diametrically opposite, parallel to each other and to the axis 4 of the working tube arranged guide rails 5, which on the inner wall of the. Working tube 1 are attached. On both guide rails 5, several rollers 6 of a frame 7 roll from both sides, in which the dismantling unit 3 is mounted and which in the area of both guide rails 5 each has a U-shaped recess 8 directed towards the longitudinal axis 4. These recesses 8 encompass a turntable 9 on two diametrically opposite sides, which has a cylindrical outer surface, is rotatably supported in the recesses 8 of the frame 7 by means of bearing rollers 10 and has a radial recess 9a at its front end. The bearing rollers 10 are arranged in the frame 7 on a circular arc, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the slewing ring 9. The axis of rotation 11 of the turntable 9 intersects the axis 4 of the working tube 1 at a right angle.

Der Drehkranz 9 ist nach Fig. 2 innen hohl bzw. offen und mit zwei Schwenklagern 12 versehen, deren gemeinsame Schwenkachse 13 durch den Schnittpunkt der Achsen 4 und 11 verläuft und senkrecht sowohl zur Achse 4 als auch zur Drehachse 11 angeordnet ist. Die Schwenklager 12 dienen zur schwenkbaren Lagerung eines Abbaukopfs 14, der die Ausnehmung 9a radial durchragt und an seinem Vorderende ein Abbauwerkzeug 15 trägt, das beispielsweise aus einem mit hoher Drehzahl drehbaren Fräskopf besteht, dessen Außendurchmesser wesentlich kleiner, vorzugsweise wenigstens um die Hälfte kleiner als der Innendurchmesser des Arbeitsrohrs 1 ist. Das Abbauwerkzeug 15 ist mittels eines Schnell-Spannfutters leicht auswechselbar am Abbaukopf 14 befestigt, der im wesentlichen aus einem Getriebegehäuse 16, einem an dieses angeflanschten Antriebsmotor 17, beispielsweise einem Hydraulikmotor, und einem im Getriebegehäuse 16 angeordneten Getriebe besteht.2, the turntable 9 is hollow or open on the inside and is provided with two pivot bearings 12, the common pivot axis 13 of which passes through the intersection of the axes 4 and 11 and is arranged perpendicular to both the axis 4 and the axis of rotation 11. The pivot bearings 12 are used for the pivotable mounting of a removal head 14 which projects radially through the recess 9a and carries at its front end a removal tool 15 which, for example, consists of a milling head which can be rotated at high speed and whose outer diameter is significantly smaller, preferably at least half smaller than that Inner diameter of the working tube 1. The removal tool 15 is fastened to the removal head 14 in an easily replaceable manner by means of a quick-action chuck, which essentially consists of a transmission housing 16, a drive motor 17 flanged onto it, for example a hydraulic motor, and a transmission arranged in the transmission housing 16.

Der Abbaukopf 14 ist im übrigen einerseits mittels des Drehkranzes 9 um die Drehachse 11 drehbar, die nachfolgend als Y-Achse eines gedachten Koordinatensystems angesehen wird, und andererseits mittels des Schwenklagers 12 um die nachfolgend als X-Achse des gedachten Koordinatensystems angesehene Schwenkachse 13 verschwenkbar. Gleichzeitig ist die Abbaueinheit mittels des Schienensystems 2 in Richtung der Achse 4 entsprechend der Z-Achse des gedachten Koordinatensystems verschiebbar. Daraus folgt, daß das über das Vorderende der Abbaueinheit 14 ausreichend weit hinausragende und um eine eigene Drehachse verfügende' Abbauwerkzeug 15 innerhalb eines Wirkungsbereichs, dessen maximaler Querschnitt wenigstens dem Außenquerschnitt des Arbeitsrohrs 1 entspricht, beliebig in Richtung dieser drei Achsen, d. h. in X-, Y- und Z-Richtung bewegt werden kann. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform verläuft die rückwärtige Verlängerung der Drehachse des Abbauwerkzeugs 15 dabei stets durch den Schnittpunkt der drei Achsen 4, 11 und 13.The removal head 14 can be rotated on the one hand by means of the slewing ring 9 about the axis of rotation 11, which is subsequently regarded as the Y axis of an imaginary coordinate system, and on the other hand, by means of the pivot bearing 12, about the pivot axis 13 subsequently viewed as the X axis of the imaginary coordinate system. At the same time, the dismantling unit can be displaced by means of the rail system 2 in the direction of the axis 4 in accordance with the Z axis of the imaginary coordinate system. It follows that the extraction tool 15 protruding sufficiently far beyond the front end of the extraction unit 14 and having its own axis of rotation within an effective range, the maximum cross section of which corresponds at least to the outer cross section of the working tube 1, in the direction of these three axes, i. H. can be moved in the X, Y and Z directions. In the embodiment shown, the rearward extension of the axis of rotation of the removal tool 15 always runs through the intersection of the three axes 4, 11 and 13.

Zur Herstellung dieser Bewegungen des Abbauwerkzeugs 15 dient eine Steuereinrichtung, die drei separat steuerbare, vorzugsweise als Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnungen 18, 19 und 20 ausgebildete Antriebe aufweist. Die Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 18 weist einen an den Rahmen 7 angelenkten Zylinder 21 und eine an eine Halterung 22 des Abbaukopfs °14 angelenkte Kolbenstange 23 auf und ist für eine Verschwenkung des Abbaukopfes 14 um die Schwenkachse 13 bzw. eine Bewegung des Abbauwerkzeugs 15 in Y-Richtung zuständig. Die Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 19 weist einen ebenfalls an den Rahmen 7 angelenkten Zylinder 24 und eine an eine Halterung 25 des Drehkranzes 9 angelenkte Kolbenstange 26 auf und ist für eine Verdrehung des Drehkranzes 9 bzw. eine Verschwenkung des daran befestigten Abbaukopfes 14 um die Drehachse 11 und somit für eine Bewegung des Abbauwerkzeugs 15 in X-Richtung zuständig.A control device which has three separately controllable drives, preferably designed as cylinder / piston arrangements 18, 19 and 20, is used to produce these movements of the removal tool 15. The cylinder / piston arrangement 18 has a cylinder 21 articulated on the frame 7 and a piston rod 23 articulated on a holder 22 of the extraction head ° 14 and is for pivoting the extraction head 14 about the pivot axis 13 or for moving the extraction tool 15 in Y direction responsible. The cylinder / piston arrangement 19 also has an attached to the frame 7 steered the cylinder 24 and a piston rod 26 articulated on a holder 25 of the rotating ring 9 and is responsible for rotating the rotating ring 9 or pivoting the attached removal head 14 about the axis of rotation 11 and thus for moving the removal tool 15 in the X direction .

Die Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 20 schließlich weist einen an einen Schlitten 27 angelenkten Zylinder 28 und eine an den Rahmen 7 angelenkte Kolbenstange 29 auf und dient zur Verschiebung des Rahmens 7 bzw. der Abbaueinheit 3 in Richtung der Längsachse 4 und damit zur Bewegung des Abbauwerkzeugs 15 in Z-Richtung. Dabei sind alle Zylinder und Kolbenstangen jeweils so an die ihnen zugeordneten Bauteile angelenkt, daß alle Schwenk- bzw. Drehbewegungen einzeln und/oder kombiniert durchgeführt werden können.Finally, the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 has a cylinder 28 articulated on a slide 27 and a piston rod 29 articulated on the frame 7 and serves to move the frame 7 or the removal unit 3 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 4 and thus to move the removal tool 15 in the Z direction. All cylinders and piston rods are each articulated to the components assigned to them in such a way that all swiveling or rotating movements can be carried out individually and / or in combination.

Der Schlitten 27 ist wie der Rahmen 7 mittels Laufrollen 30 auf den Führungsschienen 5 verschiebbar gelagert. Er ist außerdem mit einer Verriegelungsvorrichtung versehen, mittels derer er im Arbeitsrohr 1 unverschieblich arretiert werden kann. Die Verriegelungsvorrichtung umfaßt beispielsweise zwei Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnungen 31 mit am Schlitten 27 montierten Zylindern 32 und senkrecht zur Arbeitsrohrachse 4 angeordneten Kolbenstangen 33, die klemmend gegen die Innenwandung des Arbeitsrohrs 1 oder der Führungsschienen 5 gedrückt werden können, um den Schlitten 7 an einer beliebigen Stelle in Richtung der Achse 4 festzulegen. Alternativ können in den Führungsschienen 5 in vorgewählten Abständen Ausnehmungen 34 ausgebildet sein, in die die äußeren Enden der Kolbenstangen 33 oder daran befestigte Stifte einführbar sind, um den Schlitten 27 an vorgegebenen Stellen in Richtung der Achse 4 durch Formschluß anstatt durch Kraftschluß zu verriegeln.The carriage 27, like the frame 7, is slidably mounted on the guide rails 5 by means of rollers 30. It is also provided with a locking device by means of which it can be immovably locked in the working tube 1. The locking device comprises, for example, two cylinder / piston arrangements 31 with cylinders 32 mounted on the slide 27 and piston rods 33 arranged perpendicular to the working tube axis 4, which can be pressed in a clamping manner against the inner wall of the working tube 1 or the guide rails 5, around the slide 7 on any one Place in the direction of axis 4. Alternatively, recesses 34 can be formed in the guide rails 5 at preselected intervals, into which the outer ends of the piston rods 33 or pins fastened thereon can be inserted in order to lock the slide 27 at predetermined points in the direction of the axis 4 by positive locking instead of positive locking.

Zum Abtransport des an der Ortsbrust vom Abbauwerkzeug 15 abgelösten Materials dient eine zweckmäßig in einem Raum 36 (Fig. 1) unterhalb des Drehkranzes 9 bzw. der gesamten Abbaueinheit 3 angeordnete, vorzugsweise mechanische Fördereinrichtung. Diese kann beispielsweise eine mittels Ketten bewegbare Schaufel, ein Förderband oder ein Schubstangensystem enthalten, das eine Mehrzahl von mit Abstand angeordneten, schwenkbaren Klappen aufweist, die das gelöste Material schrittweise jeweils an eine nachfolgende Klappe übergeben. Die Förderung erfolgt dabei jeweils parallel zur Arbeitsrohrachse 4 und derart, daß das eigentliche Förderelement bis etwa an das vordere Ende des Arbeitsrohrs 1 und damit bis an die Ortsbrust herangefahren werden kann, um das abgelöste und herabfallende Material aufzunehmen. Dadurch, daß das Abbauwerkzeug 15 und auch der Abbaukopf 14 einen ausreichend kleinen wirksamen Außenquerschnitt im Vergleich zum Innenquerschnitt des Arbeitsrohrs 1 aufweisen, lassen sich Fördereinrichtungen dieser Art ohne weiteres in dem Raum 36 unterbringen.A preferably mechanical conveying device, which is expediently arranged in a space 36 (FIG. 1) below the turntable 9 or the entire dismantling unit 3, is used to remove the material detached from the excavation tool 15 on the working face. This can include, for example, a shovel that can be moved by chains, a conveyor belt or a push rod system that has a plurality of pivotable flaps arranged at a distance, which in each case gradually transfer the dissolved material to a subsequent flap. The funding takes place in each case parallel to the working tube axis 4 and in such a way that the actual conveying element can be moved up to approximately the front end of the working tube 1 and thus up to the working face in order to accommodate the detached and falling material. Due to the fact that the removal tool 15 and the removal head 14 have a sufficiently small effective outer cross section in comparison to the inside cross section of the working tube 1, conveying devices of this type can easily be accommodated in the space 36.

Die Arbeitsweise mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist wie folgt : Es werden zunächst an beiden Enden der herzustellenden, unterirdischen Durchbohrung Preßgruben ausgegraben. In einer Preßgrube wird nun das Arbeitsrohr 1 derart in Stellung gebracht, daß sein Vorderende an der zu durchbohrenden Wand der Preßgrube anliegt, die Achse 4 mit der Achse der herzustellenden Durchbohrung übereinstimmt und die beiden Führungsschienen in gleicher Höhe angeordnet sind, so daß sie mit der Achse 4 eine horizontale, das Arbeitsrohr in eine obere und untere Hälfte teilende Ebene bilden. Außerdem wird die Anordnung so getroffen, daß die Abbaueinheit 3 im wesentlichen oberhalb dieser Ebene, die Fördereinrichtung dagegen im wesentlichen unterhalb dieser Ebene liegt. Schließlich ist zu diesem Zeitpunkt die Drehachse des Abbauwerkzeugs 15 zweckmäßig koaxial zur Achse 4 angeordnet.The method of working with the device according to the invention is as follows: first, press pits are excavated at both ends of the underground bore to be produced. In a press pit, the working tube 1 is now placed in such a way that its front end rests against the wall of the press pit to be drilled, the axis 4 coincides with the axis of the through hole to be produced and the two guide rails are arranged at the same height so that they meet the Axis 4 form a horizontal plane dividing the working tube into an upper and lower half. In addition, the arrangement is such that the dismantling unit 3 is essentially above this level, whereas the conveyor device is essentially below this level. Finally, the axis of rotation of the removal tool 15 is expediently arranged coaxially to the axis 4 at this time.

Der Schlitten 27 wird nun mittels der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnungen 31 im Arbeitsrohr 1 verriegelt, damit er ein Widerlager für die Verschiebung des Rahmens 7 in Z-Richtung bildet. Durch Betätigung der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 20 wird der Rahmen 7 vorgeschoben, um das Abbauwerkzeug 15 durch das Vorderende des Arbeitsrohrs hindurch an die zu durchbohrende Wand, d. h. die momentane Ortsbrust anzulegen. Durch Einschalten des Motors 17 wird der Bohrvorgang eingeleitet. Dabei wird als Abbauwerkzeug 15 beispielsweise ein Teilschnitt-Fräskopf verwendet, der das in seinem Wirkungsbereich liegende Material ablöst. Durch geeignete Ansteuerung der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnungen 18, 19 und 20 wird das Abbauwerkzeug 15 sodann derart in X-, Y- und Z-Richtung bewegt, daß es allmählich ein Bohrloch mit einem immer größer werdenden Querschnitt erzeugt. Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, das Abbauwerkzeug zunächst durch Ansteuerung der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnungen 18 und 19 auf Kugelflächen mit allmählich größer werdenden Radien wandern zu lassen, und dabei mittels des Rahmens 7 bzw. der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 20 und des Schlittens 27 in Z-Richtung festzuhalten, bis ein Durchbohrungsabschnitt mit einem dem Außenquerschnitt des Arbeitsrohrs 1 entsprechenden Querschnitt erreicht ist, danach etwas in Z-Richtung vorzuschieben und dann den Bohrvorgang zu wiederholen.The carriage 27 is now locked in the working tube 1 by means of the cylinder / piston arrangements 31, so that it forms an abutment for the displacement of the frame 7 in the Z direction. By actuating the cylinder / piston assembly 20, the frame 7 is advanced to the removal tool 15 through the front end of the working tube to the wall to be drilled, i.e.. H. to put on the current face. The drilling process is initiated by switching on the motor 17. In this case, a partial cut milling head is used as the removal tool 15, for example, which detaches the material lying in its area of effect. By suitable control of the cylinder / piston assemblies 18, 19 and 20, the mining tool 15 is then moved in the X, Y and Z directions such that it gradually creates a borehole with an ever increasing cross section. It is expedient to let the removal tool move first by controlling the cylinder / piston arrangements 18 and 19 on spherical surfaces with gradually increasing radii, and by means of the frame 7 or the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 and the slide 27 in Hold the Z direction until a through-hole section with a cross section corresponding to the outer cross section of the working tube 1 is reached, then advance a little in the Z direction and then repeat the drilling process.

Die durch das Abbauwerkzeug 15 geschaffenen, in Z-Richtung erstreckten Durchbohrungsabschnitte müssen durch Rohre gesichert werden. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß das Arbeitsrohr 1 mit einer hydraulischen Presse od. dgl. von der Preßgrube aus so weit vorgeschoben wird, wie es der jeweilige Durchbohrungsabschnitt gestattet. Ist das Arbeitsrohr 1 vollständig in der Durchbohrung verschwunden, werden in den auf der Rückseite des Arbeitsrohrs frei werdenden Teil der Durchbohrung weitere Rohre eingeschoben. Vor dem Nachschieben des Arbeitsrohrs 1 bzw. der weiteren Rohre wird das Abbauwerkzeug 15 mittels der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 20 in das Arbeitsrohr 1 zurückgezogen. Ist es dabei erwünscht, den Schlitten 27 an einer anderen Stelle innerhalb des Arbeitsrohrs 1 zu positionieren, braucht dazu lediglich die diesem zugeordnete Verriegelungsvorrichtung gelöst und die Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 20 entsprechend beaufschlagt werden, da hierbei die vergleichsweise schwere Abbaueinheit 3 im Stillstand verbleibt. Alternativ wäre es möglich, auch der Abbaueinheit 3 eine Verriegelungsvorrichtung zuzuordnen.The through-hole sections created by the removal tool 15 and extending in the Z direction must be secured by pipes. This is done by pushing the working tube 1 with a hydraulic press or the like from the press pit as far as the respective piercing section allows. If the working tube 1 has completely disappeared into the through-hole, further tubes are inserted into the part of the through-hole that becomes free on the back of the working tube. Before pushing the working pipe 1 or the other pipes, the removal tool 15 is pulled back into the working pipe 1 by means of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20. Is it desirable to slide the carriage 27 at a different location within the To position the working tube 1, all that is required is to release the associated locking device and to apply the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 accordingly, since the comparatively heavy removal unit 3 remains at a standstill. Alternatively, it would also be possible to assign a locking device to the removal unit 3.

Während des Bohrvorgangs oder auch in den Pausen zwischen aufeinander folgenden Bohrvorgängen ist es erforderlich, das gelöste Material von der Ortsbrust zu entfernen, das sich teils am Boden des Arbeitsrohrs 1, teils am Boden der hergestellten Durchbohrung ansammelt und einen weiteren Abbau unmöglich machen würde. Hierzu wird die automatische Fördereinrichtung in Bewegung versetzt, die das gelöste Material aufnimmt und unter der Abbaueinheit 3 hindurch zum anderen Ende des Arbeitsrohrs 1 transportiert. Hinter der Abbaueinheit 3 oder dem hinteren Ende des Arbeitsrohrs 1 kann das geförderte Material direkt auf ein in der Preßgrube angeordnetes Förderband überführt werden.During the drilling process or also in the breaks between successive drilling processes, it is necessary to remove the dissolved material from the face, which accumulates partly on the bottom of the working tube 1 and partly on the bottom of the drilled hole and would make further dismantling impossible. For this purpose, the automatic conveying device is set in motion, which picks up the dissolved material and transports it under the mining unit 3 to the other end of the working tube 1. Behind the mining unit 3 or the rear end of the working tube 1, the conveyed material can be transferred directly to a conveyor belt arranged in the press pit.

Der Wirkungsbereich der Fördereinrichtung erstreckt sich zweckmäßig nur über die Länge des Arbeitsrohrs 1, damit sie jeweils zusammen mit diesem vorgeschoben werden kann. Daher werden, nachdem das Arbeitsrohr in der Durchbohrung verschwunden ist, weitere Einrichtungen benötigt, um das mit der Fördereinrichtung bis zum hinteren Arbeitsrohrende transportierte Material zu übernehmen und zur Preßgrube zu verfahren. Hierzu kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, die dem Arbeitsrohr nachgeschobenen Rohre mit Laufschienen für einen hin- und herfahrbaren Wagen zu versehen.The effective range of the conveying device expediently extends only over the length of the working tube 1, so that it can be advanced together with the latter. Therefore, after the working pipe has disappeared into the through hole, further devices are required to take over the material transported with the conveying device to the rear end of the working pipe and to move it to the press pit. For this purpose, provision can be made, for example, to provide the tubes pushed behind the working tube with guide rails for a carriage that can be moved back and forth.

Die Arbeit des Abbauwerkzeugs 15 wird zweckmäßig mittels einer an der Abbaueinheit 3 montierten Fernsehkamera od. dgl. überwacht. Beim Auftreten eines Hindernisses kann daher mittels der Fernsehkamera Art und Position des Hindernisses genau ermittelt und über die Steuervorrichtung so auf das Abbauwerkzeug 15 eingewirkt werden, daß dieses das Hindernis nach und nach beseitigt. Wegen der geringen Größe des Abbauwerkzeugs kann dabei stets ein günstiger Winkel des Abbauwerkzeugs zum Hindernis hergestellt und vermieden werden, daß auf das Arbeitsrohr 1 so große Kräfte ausgeübt werden, daß dieses seitlich aus seiner Sollbahn verdrängt wird. Abgesehen davon kann die gewünschte Vorschubrichtung des Arbeitsrohrs sehr genau eingehalten werden, indem beispielsweise ein Laserstrahl zur Festlegung einer Sollachse für die Durchbohrung benutzt und die Bewegung des Abbauwerkzeugs bezüglich dieser Sollachse gesteuert wird. Da für diesen Fall die Achsen der vom Abbauwerkzeug nacheinander hergestellten Durchbohrungsabschnitte jeweils durch den Laserstrahl zentriert werden, ist ein Abweichen der tatsächlichen Durchbohrungsachse von der Sollachse praktisch nicht möglich.The work of the removal tool 15 is expediently monitored by means of a television camera or the like mounted on the removal unit 3. When an obstacle occurs, the type and position of the obstacle can therefore be determined precisely by means of the television camera and the dismantling tool 15 can be acted on via the control device such that this gradually removes the obstacle. Because of the small size of the dismantling tool, a favorable angle of the dismantling tool to the obstacle can always be produced and avoided that forces are exerted on the working tube 1 to such an extent that it is laterally displaced from its desired path. Apart from this, the desired feed direction of the working tube can be adhered to very precisely, for example by using a laser beam to define a target axis for the through-drilling and controlling the movement of the removal tool with respect to this target axis. Since in this case the axes of the through-hole sections produced by the removal tool are centered by the laser beam, it is practically impossible for the actual through-hole axis to deviate from the desired axis.

Ist es erwünscht, das Abbauwerkzeug 15 auszuwechseln, sei es wegen Verschleiß, sei es wegen einer Änderung der abzulösenden Bodenschicht, wird die gesamte Abbaueinheit 3 mittels der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 20 bis an das hintere Ende des Arbeitsrohrs verschoben, dort an einen Wagen od. dgl. angekoppelt, der in die dem Arbeitsrohr folgenden Rohre eingefahren wird, und von diesem in die Preßgrube überführt. Alternativ wäre es möglich, die dem Arbeitsrohr folgenden Rohre mit Schienensystemen entsprechend dem Schienensystem 2 zu versehen und die Abbaueinheit allein durch entsprechende Betätigung der Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnung 20 in die Preßgrube zu transportieren. Beim Auftauchen eines besonders kritischen, mit üblichen Abbauwerkzeugen nicht beseitigbaren Hindernisses wäre es sogar denkbar, die Abbaueinheit mit einem Preßlufthammer oder einem Sprengsatz zu versehen. Alle diese Maßnahmen lassen sich unter Beobachtung durch die Fernsehkamera automatisch und ohne Begehung der Durchbohrung durchführen.If it is desired to replace the removal tool 15, be it because of wear, or because of a change in the soil layer to be removed, the entire removal unit 3 is moved by means of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20 to the rear end of the working tube, there to a cart or . The like. Coupled, which is inserted into the tubes following the working tube, and transferred from this into the press pit. Alternatively, it would be possible to provide the pipes following the working pipe with rail systems corresponding to the rail system 2 and to transport the dismantling unit into the press pit solely by corresponding actuation of the cylinder / piston arrangement 20. If a particularly critical obstacle that cannot be removed with conventional dismantling tools appeared, it would even be conceivable to provide the dismantling unit with a jackhammer or an explosive device. All of these measures can be carried out automatically under observation by the television camera and without inspection of the perforation.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, das sich auf vielfache Weise abwandeln läßt.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described, which can be modified in many ways.

Dies gilt insbesondere für die Fördereinrichtung, die zum Auswechseln des Abbauwerkzeugs benötigten Transporteinrichtungen und die hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Zylinder/Kolben-Anordnungen, aber auch beispielsweise für die Art und Weise, in welcher das Abbauwerkzeug 15 in seinem Wirkungsbereich bewegt wird. Es wäre beispielsweise möglich, das Abbauwerkzeug auch in X- und Y-Richtung linear zu verschieben oder mit Hilfe von parallelogrammartigen Führungen oder Gestängen zu bewegen, anstatt die Bewegungen in diese Richtungen durch Dreh- bzw. Schwenkbewegungen herbeizuführen. Abgesehen davon kann die Steuervorrichtung in beliebiger Weise ausgestaltet und mit automatisch' arbeitenden Rechnern oder Mikroprozessoren zur Berechnung der Bewegungen des Abbauwerkzeugs versehen sein. Möglich wäre es auch, das Schienensystem 2 wegzulassen und den Rahmen 7 und den Schlitten 27 auf andere Weise, z. B. mittels einfacher Gleit- oder Rollenführungen, verschiebbar im Arbeitsrohr 1 zu lagern.This applies in particular to the conveying device, the transport devices required to replace the removal tool and the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder / piston arrangements, but also, for example, to the manner in which the removal tool 15 is moved in its area of action. It would be possible, for example, to move the removal tool linearly in the X and Y directions or to move it with the aid of guides or linkages in the form of parallelograms, instead of causing the movements in these directions by rotating or pivoting movements. Apart from this, the control device can be designed in any way and can be provided with automatically working computers or microprocessors for calculating the movements of the removal tool. It would also be possible to omit the rail system 2 and the frame 7 and the slide 27 in another way, for. B. by means of simple sliding or roller guides, slidably stored in the working tube 1.

Claims (10)

1. Device for producing underground boreholes having inaccessible cross-sections and having a preset nominal axis and a preset nominal cross-section, with a working pipe (1) which can be advanced in the direction of driving and whose external cross-section corresponds to the nominal cross-section of the boreholes, with a frame (7) which is disposed in the workings pipe and can be fixed therein and removed therefrom rearwardly and on which is mounted a working unit (3) which is slidable parallel to the working pipe axis and comprises a working tool (15) which is slidable in the axial direction of the working pipe, can be advanced out of the working pipe in the direction of driving and is mounted on and rotatable by a working head (14), and with a control device for controlling drive elements of the working unit, characterised in that the frame (7) is slidable parallel to the working pipe axis (4) by means of a guide device (5, 6) and is mounted removably together with the whole working unit (3) in the working pipe (1), the working tool (15) consists of a part-section tool which, like the working head (14), has a substantially smaller effective diameter than the working pipe (1), and drive elements (18, 19) for moving the working tool in directions perpendicular to the working pipe axis and for sliding the working tool in the axial direction of the working pipe are controllable by means of the control device relative to the nominal axis in such a way that a cavity section coaxial with the nominal axis and having the nominal cross-section can gradually be produced in front of the working pipe (1).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that a rail system (2) which is disposed in the working pipe and extends parallel to the axis (4) thereof is provided as the guide device, and the frame (7) is mounted slidably in the rail system (2).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the working unit (3) comprises a working head (14) which carries the working tool (15) and which is movable about two axes (11, 13) perpendicular to each other and to the working pipe axis (4).
4. Device according to claim 3, characterised in that the frame (7) comprises an open ring mount (9) which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (11) intersecting with the working pipe axis (4) perpendicularly, and the working head (14) is mounted in the ring mount (9) so as to pivot about a pivot axis (13) which intersects with the working pipe axis (4) and the axis of rotation (11) perpendicularly.
5. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the drive elements each contain a piston and cylinder assembly (18, 19) for rotating the ring amount (9) and for pivoting the working head (14).
6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the piston and cylinder assembly (18) is linked to the frame (7) and the working head (14) for pivoting the working head (14).
7. Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the piston and cylinder assembly (19) is linked to the frame (7) and the ring mount (9) for rotating the ring mount (9).
8. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the working tool (15) is mounted on the working unit (3) so as to allow easy changing.
9. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the effective external cross-section of the working tool (15) is smaller than half the internal cross-section of the working pipe (1).
10. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that in the working pipe (1) and beneath the working unit (3) is provided a mechanical conveying device for removing the material loosened by the working tool (15).
EP85107857A 1984-06-28 1985-06-25 Device for producing boreholes at an inaccessible cross-section Expired EP0169393B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85107857T ATE43884T1 (en) 1984-06-28 1985-06-25 DEVICE FOR CREATING UNDERGROUND BORES WITH NON-ACCESSIBLE CROSS-SECTIONS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3423842 1984-06-28
DE3423842A DE3423842C2 (en) 1984-06-28 1984-06-28 Device for producing underground cavities with inaccessible cross-sections

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0169393A1 EP0169393A1 (en) 1986-01-29
EP0169393B1 true EP0169393B1 (en) 1989-06-07

Family

ID=6239376

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85107857A Expired EP0169393B1 (en) 1984-06-28 1985-06-25 Device for producing boreholes at an inaccessible cross-section

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4688854A (en)
EP (1) EP0169393B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE43884T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3423842C2 (en)

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AT384274B (en) * 1985-10-14 1987-10-27 Voest Alpine Ag SHIELD DRIVING MACHINE
DE3729561A1 (en) * 1987-09-04 1989-03-16 Mts Minitunnelsysteme Gmbh DEVICE FOR PRODUCING UNDERGROUND PUNCHES
DE4413235C2 (en) * 1994-04-15 1999-04-29 Voest Alpine Tunneltechnik Gmb Tunnel boring machine or pipe jacking machine
FR2832454B1 (en) 2001-11-20 2004-07-09 Cie Du Sol VERTICAL WELL DRILLING EQUIPMENT
CH703251A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-15 Rieter Ag Maschf Apparatus for setting a carding in a revolving flat.
JP2013019251A (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-31 Sanwa Kiko Kk Method for excavating rock mass
GB2581746B (en) 2017-10-22 2022-11-02 Martin Todd A sporting event entry system and method
CN114439500B (en) * 2021-12-16 2023-09-05 山东大学 TBM (Tunnel boring machine) tunneling system and method for crossing unfavorable geology based on while-drilling test
US11625665B1 (en) 2022-03-29 2023-04-11 Todd Martin Contactless authorized event entry and item delivery system and method

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DE2462542C3 (en) * 1974-08-05 1984-10-25 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Part-cut driving machine for driving tunnels, galleries or other routes
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Title
WIRTH - Techn. Beschreibung des Rohrvortriebssystems HBG 700, Typ 1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3423842C2 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0169393A1 (en) 1986-01-29
ATE43884T1 (en) 1989-06-15
DE3570904D1 (en) 1989-07-13
US4688854A (en) 1987-08-25
DE3423842A1 (en) 1986-01-09

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