EP0261519B1 - Passivation par revêtement pour des matériaux contenant différents métaux - Google Patents

Passivation par revêtement pour des matériaux contenant différents métaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0261519B1
EP0261519B1 EP87113304A EP87113304A EP0261519B1 EP 0261519 B1 EP0261519 B1 EP 0261519B1 EP 87113304 A EP87113304 A EP 87113304A EP 87113304 A EP87113304 A EP 87113304A EP 0261519 B1 EP0261519 B1 EP 0261519B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
treated
quantities
metallic materials
aqueous solution
passivation
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP87113304A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0261519A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Portz
Horst-Peter Geimer
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Gerhard Collardin GmbH
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Gerhard Collardin GmbH
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Priority to AT87113304T priority Critical patent/ATE56485T1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/40—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
    • C23C22/44—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates containing also fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
    • C23C2222/10—Use of solutions containing trivalent chromium but free of hexavalent chromium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for forming a protective layer which protects against corrosion and improves the adhesion for covering coatings in multimetal processes.
  • metal bodies are understood, the outer surface of which does not consist of a uniform metallic material, for example steel (sheet metal), but of a close bond between two or more different metallic materials. These are connected to one another by welding, riveting, flanging, gluing, etc., using methods known and tested in the prior art.
  • Composite materials of this type can be, for example, material combinations from the group of steel aluminum, steel / hot-dip galvanized steel / aluminum, steel / galvanized steel, steel aluminum / galvanized steel and steel / leaded steel.
  • other material combinations are also conceivable that can be treated with the method according to the invention.
  • opaque coatings are understood to be coatings which mostly consist of organic materials and serve to protect the metallic surface from damage, corrosion and also to improve the visual appearance.
  • Organic coatings of this type include, for example, coating systems which are usually used for application to metallic surfaces for the purposes mentioned above.
  • the pretreatment of such metallic surfaces usually has the aim of protecting the respective metal surfaces from the corrosive attack of the surrounding atmosphere for as long as possible and also of improving the adhesion of later-applied covering coatings of the type mentioned above to such metal surfaces.
  • the most common types of pretreatment in the art are phosphating and chromating, the selection of the respective pretreatment process for a specific metallic surface being made according to which of the two methods gives the better results in each case.
  • Further criteria for the selection of the respective pretreatment process are the types of covering layers applied later, the process of further treatment of the respective metal body, its size and the requirements placed on the quality of the metal surfaces pretreated by the respective process; the automotive industry has proposed a standardized testing and evaluation system for such requirements, which is generally recognized.
  • the pretreatment which is separated according to the type of material, for example phosphating or chromating, requires the fresh preparation of the respective treatment solutions or treatment baths, with the result that the solutions or baths not used in each case either have to be discarded or, if at all possible, stored and reused must be sharpened with the addition of new chemicals. This is not justifiable from an economic or ecological point of view.
  • fluoride for example in the form of acidic bifluoride, fluoroborate or fluorosilicate
  • fluoride-free multimetal processes the corrosion protection results that can be achieved on steel are good galvanized material mostly good, but not satisfactory on aluminum.
  • quality class I 480 h salt spray test; infiltration less than 2 mm
  • the joint pretreatment of metal bodies made of steel, galvanized material and aluminum can also be carried out using so-called "non-layer-forming processes".
  • Aqueous solutions based on alkali or ammonium orthophosphate and surfactants are used.
  • such processes lead to the formation of layers only on steel surfaces, iron phosphates of different compositions being formed.
  • Galvanized or aluminum surfaces are only degreased when treated with such solutions.
  • the corrosion protection that can be achieved is significantly worse than that of a layer-forming zinc phosphating. It regularly only meets the requirements of the automotive industry for quality class II (240 h salt spray test; infiltration less than 3 mm).
  • the object of the present invention was now to develop a suitable, i.e. that is, to provide sufficiently fast and, under moderate reaction conditions, a process for the formation of corrosion-protective and adhesion-improving protective layers on metallic composite materials, which makes it possible to pretreat different materials one after the other in baths of the same composition, as well as composite materials in baths of the same composition to undergo a layer-forming pretreatment subject.
  • the baths should have such a composition that all bath components contribute in an advantageous manner to the formation of layers on the respective composite materials.
  • thin layers should be formed on the metal bodies, which meet the requirements in all respects with regard to corrosion protection and adhesion of subsequently applied coatings.
  • aqueous solutions which contain as essential components molybdate, chromium, fluoride, phosphate, zinc and acetate, in each case in certain concentrations .
  • the method according to the invention it is surprisingly advantageously possible to pretreat metallic surfaces in the presence of aluminum or materials containing aluminum with very good results, i.e. passivating to form layers.
  • the special weight lies in the layer-forming passivation of composite materials, and in particular those that use the material combinations steel / aluminum, steel, hot-dip galvanized steel / aluminum, steel / galvanized steel, StahVAluminium / galvanized steel and steel / contain leaded steel or are built on such materials.
  • the metallic bodies are usually alkaline pre-cleaned in a manner known per se.
  • they are usually treated with a strongly alkaline aqueous cleaner containing large amounts of alkali metal hydroxides, which degreases the metal surface and to remove contaminants adhering to the surface.
  • a strongly alkaline cleaner by adding surfactants to the pre-treatment solutions of the layer-forming passivation, which are described below, in the case of metallic surfaces of a certain composition, and thus effecting degreasing and pre-cleaning.
  • pre-cleaning with an alkaline cleaner can be omitted.
  • composition of the aqueous solutions with which the metallic bodies are pre-cleaned is known from the prior art and is familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the metallic bodies are rinsed with cold water after the alkaline pre-cleaning.
  • the rinsing is also carried out in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example in spraying or dipping or in a combined spraying / dipping process, and leaves metallic bodies on the surface of which no residues of the alkaline precleaner solution are present.
  • the metallic materials in particular the metallic composite materials, are then treated with an aqueous, acidic solution, the molybdate in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l, chromium in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l, fluoride in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l, phosphate in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l, zinc in quantities of 0.005 to 1.0 g / l and acetate in quantities of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l and optionally further constituents.
  • the molybdate in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l
  • chromium in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l
  • fluoride in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l
  • phosphate in amounts of 0.01 to 10.0 g / l
  • the pH of the aqueous passivation solutions is in the range from 2.8 to 4.5, preferably in the range from 3 to 3.5. At these pH values, advantageous conditioning of the metal or composite material surfaces for the layer-forming attack of the solution components is advantageously ensured.
  • composition of the passivation bath solutions used in the method according to the invention can be varied within certain ranges, the concentration data of all parameters being able to be varied in the same direction or in a different direction.
  • an aqueous passivation solution which preferably contains molybdate (M 0 0 4 2-) in amounts of 0.33 to 0.35 g / 1 and / or chromium (Cr3 + ) in amounts of 0.76 to 0.80 g / l and / or fluoride (F-) in amounts of 0.11 to 0.15 g / i and / or phosphate (P0 4 3- ) in amounts of 0, 59 to 1.1 g / I and / or zinc (Zn 2+ ) in amounts of 0.094 to 0.11 g / I and / or acetate (ethanate; CH 3 COO-) in amounts of 2.0 to 2.5 g / I contains.
  • M 0 0 4 2- molybdate
  • Cr3 + chromium
  • F- flu
  • the passivation baths it is possible to add further constituents to the passivation baths, which also have a positive effect on the result of the method.
  • additional constituents for example, it is possible to add sodium glycerophosphate and / or N-cyclohexanesulfamic acid to the passivation bath.
  • Both compounds act as accelerators or regulators and can be added to the passivation baths alone or in combination with one another in amounts of 0.1 to 5 g / l, preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 2.0 g / l. This ensures that the treatment times can be reduced even more.
  • the bath temperatures are in the range from 35 to 40 ° C. This temperature range is significantly below the range which is to be used in the prior art for layer-forming or non-layer-forming phosphating processes (50 to 60 ° C.). This contributes to an energy-saving and therefore economical process management.
  • the treatment times for the new passivation process are in a comparatively large range.
  • the extremely rapid process of layer-forming passivation which may be modified by the accelerators or regulators to achieve thin layers, already shows a clear formation of a passivation layer after a treatment time of 3 s.
  • the treatment times are in the range from 3 to 180 s. This is also a time that is significantly less than the treatment time of the processes known from the prior art for layer-forming or non-layer-forming passivation (60 to 180 s).
  • the shorter treatment times also advantageously contribute to economical process management, since they enable the faster throughput of metal bodies through the respective baths.
  • passivation solutions used in the method according to the invention are applied to the metal bodies by methods known per se from the prior art. This can be done in preferably be spray processes, immersion processes or combined spray / immersion processes, it being possible for all processes to be used with equal success.
  • the components described in more detail above are prepared in concentrates, the preparation usually being carried out in containers made of plastic or stainless steel.
  • concentrates are then prepared by the user with no further additions of water in such a way that application concentrations of approximately 2% arise and the passivation solutions formed have contents of the individual components which are in the ranges specified above. It may be advantageous not to add the required phosphoric acid to the concentrate, but rather to add it directly to the application solution - when diluting the concentrate with water; this applies in particular if the concentrates are to be stored for a long time.
  • these metal bodies are rinsed off with water, usually with demineralized water.
  • the metal bodies provided with a passivating protective layer are dried in a manner also known from the prior art.
  • This drying can be done in air or at an elevated temperature in an oven.
  • the air in the drying oven can be pumped around or exchanged.
  • the method according to the invention for forming a protective layer on metallic materials which protects against corrosion and improves the adhesion for covering coatings has numerous advantages over the methods known from the prior art.
  • composite materials or different materials can be pretreated together or one after the other without the need to replace the baths or to change the systems.
  • the pretreatment process can advantageously be carried out at low temperature and with short treatment times and leads to the thin coatings required for modern coating processes.
  • a passivation solution intended for the spray treatment of metal sheets was prepared from both concentrates by mixing 10.0 g / l of concentrate A and 3.0 g / l of concentrate B in water.
  • the pH of a solution composed in this way was 3.5.
  • the working temperature was 40 ° C and the treatment time 90 s.
  • the sheets were then rinsed with cold water for 30 s, followed by rinsing with demineralized water for 10 s. Finally, the sheets were oven-dried at 85 ° C. for 5 minutes. The passivated sheets were coated with a PUR paint from Weilburger Lackfabrik.
  • a varnish in the form of a so-called “Bundeswehr structure” (TL 8010-0002) was applied in a total layer thickness of the varnish layer of 85 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the sheets were then provided with a single cut in accordance with DIN 53167 and subjected to a salt spray test in accordance with DIN 50021 for a period of 480 h.
  • Cold-rolled steel sheets, hot-dip galvanized steel sheets and aluminum sheets of quality 99.5 were cleaned and degreased in an alkaline solution by spraying in 90 s at 55 ° C.
  • the sheets were then provided with a single cut in accordance with DIN 53167 and subjected to a salt spray test in accordance with DIN 50021 for a period of 480 h.
  • a passivation solution intended for spray treatment was prepared from the concentrate by dissolving 10 g / l concentrate in water. Bath composition analogous to example 1.
  • the free acid determined by titration of a 100 ml bath sample with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution and pH meter to 4.0, was 1.3.
  • the passivated sheets were coated with a PUR paint from Weilburger Lackfabrik. There was a so-called "Bundeswehr build-up" with a total layer thickness of 85 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the sheets were then provided with a single cut in accordance with DIN 53167 and subjected to a salt spray test in accordance with DIN 50021 for a period of 480 h.
  • the evaluation was carried out according to DIN 53167 / DIN 53209; the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.
  • a passivation solution intended for spray treatment was prepared from the concentrate by dissolving 10 g / l concentrate in water.
  • the free acid determined by titration of a 100 ml bath solution and pH meter to pH 4.0, was 1.3.
  • the sheets passivated in this way were dip-coated cathodically with an electro dip coating from Herberts.
  • the sheets were then provided with a single cut in accordance with DIN 53167 and subjected to a salt spray test in accordance with DIN 50021 for a period of 480 h.
  • Example 3 The concentrate described in Example 3 was produced. A solution intended for immersion treatment was prepared from this concentrate by dissolving 20 g / l of the concentrate in water.
  • the bath composition of the solution can be derived from Example 3. Bath concentrations that are twice as high are mentioned here.
  • the pH of such a solution is 3.3.
  • Example 3 The concentrate described in Example 3 was produced. A solution intended for spray treatment was prepared from this concentrate by dissolving 15 g / l concentrate in water. The concentration of a bath mixture according to Example 5 corresponds to one and a half times the concentration according to Example 3. The total number of points, titrated on a 100 ml bath sample with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution and pH meter up to 8.5, was 19.
  • the free acid determined by titration of a 100 ml bath sample with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution and pH meter to 4.0, was 1.9.
  • the sheets were cleaned and degreased in 60 s at 55 ° C using an alkaline cleaner. Then it was rinsed with cold water for 30 s. The treatment with the passivation solution described was then carried out by spraying at 38 ° C. and a treatment time of 60 s. It was then rinsed with cold water for 30 s, followed by a rinsing with demineralized water for 10 s. Finally, the sheets were oven-dried at 85 ° C. for 5 minutes.
  • the passivated sheets were coated with a PUR varnish from Winkelmann.
  • the sheets were then provided with a single cut in accordance with DIN 53167 and subjected to a salt spray test for a period of 480 hours.
  • Leaded steel sheets were cleaned and degreased in an alkaline solution for 60 s at 55 ° C. It was then rinsed with cold water for 30 s and rinsed with demineralized water for 10 s. The subsequent drying was carried out by blowing off with compressed air.
  • the sheets pretreated in this way were then coated with a PUR paint from Weilburger Lackfabrik.
  • the sheets were then provided with a single cut in accordance with DIN 53167 and subjected to a salt spray test in accordance with DIN 50021 for a period of 480 h.

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Claims (17)

1. Procédé de formation d'une couche anticorrosion protectrice qui améliore l'adhérence des revêtements couvrants sur les matériaux composites métalliques en utilisant des solutions aqueuses comprenant du zinc et du phosphate dans lequel:
a) le cas échéant on nettoie en milieu alcalin les matériaux métalliques et on les rince à froid à l'eau,
b) on les traite avec une solution aqueuse acide qui contient du:
molybdate à une concentration de 0,01 à 10,0 g/I
chrome à une concentration de 0,01 à 10,0 g/l
fluorure à une concentration de 0,01 à 10,0 g/I
phosphate à une concentration de 0,01 à 10,0 g/l
zinc à une concentration de 0,005 à 1,0 g/I et
acétate à une concentration de 0,01 à 10 g/1 et
le cas échéant d'autres composants et ensuite,
c) on rince et sèche.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse, dont le pH est compris entre 2,8 et 4,5, de préférence 3,0 à 3,5.
3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient du molybdène à une concentration de 0,33 à 0,35 gll.
4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient du chrome à une concentration de 0,76 à 0,80 g/l.
5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient du fluorure à une concentration de 0,11 à 0,15 g/I.
6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient du phosphate à une concentration de 0,59 à 1,1 g/I.
7. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient du zinc à une concentration de 0,094 à 0,11 g/I.
8. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient de l'acétate à une concentration de 2,0 g à 2,5 g/I.
9. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient en plus du glycérophosphate de sodium et/ou de l'acide N-cyclohexanesulfamique à une concentration de 0,1 à 5,0 g/I, de préférence à une concentration de 0,5 à 2,0 g/I.
10. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse dans laquelle la concentration de zinc est remplacée en partie par du calcium ou du manganèse.
11. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation à une température de 35 à 40°C avec une solution aqueuse de passivation.
12. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation pendant une durée de 3 à 180 s avec une solution aqueuse de passivation.
13. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse par pulvérisation, trempé ou un procédé combiné pul- vérisation/trempé.
14. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise le rinçage final à l'eau dé- sionisée.
15. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise le séchage des matériaux métalliques à l'air ou dans un four avec renouvellement d'air.
16. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient en plus des mélanges de tensioactifs compatibles avec les composants électrolytes pour réaliser simultanément le prénettoyage.
17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite les matériaux métalliques à l'étape de passivation avec une solution aqueuse qui contient comme tensio-actifs nettoyants des tensio-actifs biologiquement dégradables du groupe des alcools naturels éthoxylés ou propoxylés, des alkylglucosi- des et des sels alcalins d'esters phosphates.
EP87113304A 1986-09-18 1987-09-11 Passivation par revêtement pour des matériaux contenant différents métaux Expired - Lifetime EP0261519B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87113304T ATE56485T1 (de) 1986-09-18 1987-09-11 Schichtbildende passivierung bei multimetallverfahren.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863631667 DE3631667A1 (de) 1986-09-18 1986-09-18 Schichtbildende passivierung bei multimetall-verfahren
DE3631667 1986-09-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0261519A1 EP0261519A1 (fr) 1988-03-30
EP0261519B1 true EP0261519B1 (fr) 1990-09-12

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EP87113304A Expired - Lifetime EP0261519B1 (fr) 1986-09-18 1987-09-11 Passivation par revêtement pour des matériaux contenant différents métaux

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US (1) US4775427A (fr)
EP (1) EP0261519B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6386875A (fr)
AT (1) ATE56485T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8704790A (fr)
DE (2) DE3631667A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK488987A (fr)
FI (1) FI874059A (fr)
NO (1) NO873904L (fr)

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EP2519660B1 (fr) * 2009-12-28 2019-10-30 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Procédé de prétraitement d'aluminium et produit de nettoyage à haut pouvoir d'attaque chimique utilisé dans ce procédé
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NO873904D0 (no) 1987-09-17
FI874059A0 (fi) 1987-09-17
DE3764917D1 (de) 1990-10-18
US4775427A (en) 1988-10-04
EP0261519A1 (fr) 1988-03-30
JPS6386875A (ja) 1988-04-18
ATE56485T1 (de) 1990-09-15
DK488987D0 (da) 1987-09-17
BR8704790A (pt) 1988-05-17
DK488987A (da) 1988-03-19
DE3631667A1 (de) 1988-03-24
NO873904L (no) 1988-03-21
FI874059A (fi) 1988-03-19

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