EP0240389A1 - Verstellbarer Stuhl - Google Patents

Verstellbarer Stuhl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0240389A1
EP0240389A1 EP87400469A EP87400469A EP0240389A1 EP 0240389 A1 EP0240389 A1 EP 0240389A1 EP 87400469 A EP87400469 A EP 87400469A EP 87400469 A EP87400469 A EP 87400469A EP 0240389 A1 EP0240389 A1 EP 0240389A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
articulated
base
seat
back frame
seat according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87400469A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0240389B1 (de
Inventor
Jean Pierre Gaymard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EUROSIT
Original Assignee
EUROSIT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EUROSIT filed Critical EUROSIT
Publication of EP0240389A1 publication Critical patent/EP0240389A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0240389B1 publication Critical patent/EP0240389B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03255—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest with a central column, e.g. rocking office chairs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03261—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means
    • A47C1/03266—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means with adjustable elasticity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03261—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means
    • A47C1/03272—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means with coil springs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
    • A47C1/03261—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means
    • A47C1/03283—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest characterised by elastic means with fluid springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an articulated seat for passing from a working position or front position to a relaxation position or rear position obtained by tilting the backrest, and vice versa.
  • the invention relates more particularly to articulation means modifying the positions of the seat and the backrest in a succession of positions, during tilting, corresponding substantially to the natural deformations of the spine of the user.
  • Hinged seats are known which are capable of deforming in order to pass from a raised position corresponding to a working position for the user to a position tilted backwards allowing a certain relaxation.
  • German patent No. 34 15 555 discloses a system wherein the deformation of the seat and backrest is carried by two deformable parallelograms simultaneously forming the armrests of the seat. This principle can therefore only be used for a seat fitted with armrests.
  • the invention relates to a different system in which the deformation of the seat during a tilting is even closer to the natural deformations of the spine and in which the movements are no longer controlled by the deformations of the armrests (this principle not being not applicable to obtain optimal progressive deformation during tilting).
  • the invention therefore proposes both to optimize the deformation of the seat during tilting and to propose a seat possibly devoid of armrests.
  • the invention therefore relates to an articulated seat comprising a base, a seat and a back, the latter consisting of several strips arranged at different levels, the lower strip being connected in an articulated manner to the rear of said seat, characterized in that it comprises a dorsal frame articulated to a base of said base, in that one of said strips is articulated in the vicinity of its upper edge to said back frame or to a neighboring upper strip itself fixed to this dorsal frame, in that said seat is articulated in the vicinity of its edge anterior to said base and in that at least one variable length mechanism is articulated between said base, towards the front thereof and said back frame at a predetermined distance from its articulation with said base and in such a way that said back frame can act as a lever acting on said mechanism of variable length when it pivots relative to said base.
  • the back frame is curved and straightened upwards and the total height of the back bands is such that the profile of the back changes from a certain convexity to a straight line or a certain concavity, at least in the zone corresponding to the user's lumbar region, when said back frame passes from a front tilted position to a rear tilted position.
  • the last strip or upper strip can be fixed to the back frame, in which case the penultimate strip is articulated to said last strip or, on the contrary, this last strip can be mounted on the back frame via 'an arrangement with positioning adjustable in height (for example lockable slides, racks or the like) and in this case the penultimate strip is directly articulated to the back frame.
  • an articulated seat 11 comprising a base 12, here a rotating base with telescopic structure, as well as a seat 14 and a backrest 16.
  • the latter consists of several bands arranged substantially horizontally at different levels so as to define a deformable surface.
  • the file comprises two strips 16 a , 16 b .
  • the lower strip 16 a is hingedly connected to the rear of the seat 14 by a horizontal flexible joint 18.
  • the seat 14 itself is made up of two parts, respectively a wide part 14 a forming the front of the latter and a narrow part 14 b articulated by its front edge to the rear edge of said wide part and by its rear edge to the lower strip of said backrest, by virtue of the flexible articulation 18 mentioned above.
  • the wide 14 a and narrow 14 b parts of the seat are connected to each other by a flexible horizontal joint 20 similar to the joint 18.
  • the strips 16 a and 16 b are also connected by a horizontal flexible joint 22 of the same type.
  • the rear faces of the wide 14 a and narrow 14 b parts of the seat and the strips 16 a and 16 b of the backrest are defined in the same panel of molded plastic material comprising foldable thinned zones which are substantially parallel, constituting said sections.
  • flexible joints 18, 20 and 22 by defining sorts of hinges.
  • the opposite face of this panel is furnished with cushions extending substantially parallel to one another between these flexible joints forming hinges.
  • the base 12 has a base 24 at its upper part. This plate-shaped base slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal extends under most of the seat 14.
  • a dorsal frame 26, rigid, is articulated to the base 24 by means of a horizontal shaft 28 mounted at the rear of said base.
  • the wide portion 14a of the seat 14 is hinged adjacent its leading edge to the same base 24, at the front thereof by means of a horizontal shaft 30.
  • the back support 26 consists here of two metal uprights 26 a spaced and held parallel to one another by a rigid bracing structure 32. Each upright 26 a is articulated to the base 24, in the vicinity of one end of the shaft 28.
  • at least one mechanism of variable length 34 is articulated between the base 24 towards the front thereof. and the back frame 26 at a predetermined distance d from the articulation of the latter with the base 24.
  • the anchor point of the articulation 36 of the mechanism 34 to the back frame 26 is at a distance d of the shaft 28.
  • This anchoring point is arranged so that the back frame 26 can play the role of a lever urging the variable length mechanism 34 when it pivots relative to the base 24.
  • the shaft 28 on the one hand, and the anchor point 36 on the other hand are chosen in such a way that the back reinforcement 26 biases the variable length mechanism 34 in a direction tending to reduce the length of the latter when the back frame tilts backwards.
  • the seat comprises two mechanisms of variable length 34, arranged in parallel and respectively articulated between each of the uprights 26 a and the base 24, more particularly at each end of the shaft 30.
  • the frame back 26 has a curved profile and is approximately straightened upwards while the total height of the backrest bands 16 is such that the profile of the latter evolves with a convexity, in particular in the zone corresponding to the lumbar region of the user (junction between the strips 16 a and 16 b , FIG. 1) has a straight line or concavity (FIG. 2) when the back reinforcement 26 changes from a front tilted position to a rear tilted position.
  • a mechanical link 38 here consisting of a simple link, is articulated between an anchor point 40 of the seat 14, located in the vicinity of the junction between the two seat parts 14 a and 14 b (that is to say the "hinge" 20) and an anchor point 42 of the dorsal frame 26 placed at a location such that a force transmitted to said frame via the mechanical connection 38 by the depression of the seat under the weight of the user there generates a torque tending to tilt said back frame 26 backwards.
  • an elastic means 46 preferably of adjustable stiffness, interposed between the seat 14 and the base 24.
  • this elastic means is placed between the wide part 14 a , at the back of it, and the tree 28.
  • variable length mechanism 34 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.
  • This is a blockable elastic device forming an arm of adjustable length and essentially consisting of the end-to-end assembly of a pneumatic spring 112 (or a hydro-pneumatic spring) known per se and of a 113 cylindrical hollow body housing means elastic such as, for example, a helical spring 114 working in compression and a moving element 115 moving inside the hollow body 113, the moving element being mounted at one end of said pneumatic spring, the latter being in the general form of a jack.
  • the assembly is mounted with articulation between the two shafts 30 and 36.
  • the pneumatic spring 112 in the form of a jack, of the single rod 121 type conventionally comprises a jack body 120 housing a piston 122 secured to the internal end of the jack rod 121. The latter projects axially from the body of said jack.
  • the sliding of the piston 122 inside the cylinder body 120 is sealed by an annular seal 122 a .
  • the piston divides the interior of the cylinder body into two chambers 123 and 124. Chamber 123 houses the cylinder rod 121.
  • a valve 125 is arranged in the piston. It essentially consists of a valve 126 bearing against a sealed annular seat 127.
  • the valve 125 is integral with an actuating rod 130 of said valve, housed in an axial bore of the jack rod 121 and projecting at the end of it.
  • the fluid here air
  • trapped in the pneumatic spring can pass from one chamber to another according to the direction of the stress applied axially to the mechanism.
  • the passage of fluid takes place on the one hand, along said actuating rod in the bore which shelters it and, on the other hand, through an orifice 133 of small predetermined section, opposing a resistance notable for the flow of the fluid passing from one chamber to the other, from which there results a limited speed of the variation in length of the mechanism, the benefit of which will be explained later.
  • the actuator rod 121 is fixed to the mobile assembly 115 while the elastic means (that is to say here the spring 114) are compressed between a bottom wall of said hollow body 113 and one end of the mobile assembly 115. Furthermore, the latter is limited in its axial travel, to the interior of the hollow body 113 by stop means 135 while the operating rod 30 opens into a cavity 137 defined in the movable assembly.
  • a fixed stop placed opposite the end 130 a of the rod 130 is arranged in the cavity 137. According to the example, the stop means 135 are combined with the fixed stop arranged in the cavity 137.
  • said means of abutment comprise a transverse rod 135 has diametrically mounted in the cylindrical hollow body 113 and the rod 135 a passes through the cavity 137 which has the shape of an elongated hole extending diametrically in the mobile 115 crew cylindrical.
  • the shape and dimensions of the transverse rod 135 a and of the oblong hole define the axial stroke of the moving element 115. Consequently, the transverse rod 135 a also constitutes the abovementioned fixed stop placed opposite the end 130 a of the operating rod 130.
  • the transverse rod 135 a cylindrical, is mounted in a journalling manner in the hollow body. It is immobilized in translation by two circlips 139 mounted in annular grooves made on its external surface and bearing against shoulders 140 defined outside the hollow body 113.
  • the rod 135 a also includes an operating extension 141 projecting outside the hollow body 113 so as to be able to be connected to a steering wheel, control button or the like (not shown).
  • the transverse rod 135 a has a lateral recess 143, the depth of which is sufficient to separate the end 130 a from the transverse rod 135 a forming a stop, for any position of the moving element 115 and when said transverse rod is in a position such that the recess 143 is placed opposite said end 130 a .
  • the lateral positioning of the recess is stabilized by the circlips 139.
  • the oblong hole defining the cavity 137 has its greatest width arranged in the direction of stress on the spring 114 and its smallest perpendicular width corresponds to the diameter of the rod 135 a .
  • the difference between the large width of the oblong hole and the diameter of the rod is at least equal to the stroke necessary to trigger the valve 125.
  • the length and the force of the spring 114 are sufficient to press the moving element 115 against the transverse rod 135 a . If the user exerts a force on the backrest 16, that is to say in a direction tending to reduce the distance between the two axes 30 and 36, this force results firstly in additional compression of the spring 114 under the effect of the displacement of the moving element 115, the pneumatic spring 112 remaining, initially, rigid or substantially rigid. If the force exerted on the backrest exceeds a certain threshold, the displacement of the movable assembly is sufficient to cause actuation of the operating rod 130 and therefore the opening of the valve 125. The release of the pneumatic spring 112 s' therefore operates without any special maneuver on the part of the user since he only has to push the back with his back.
  • the force required to trigger is directly a function of the power of the spring 114.
  • the prestressing of this spring could moreover easily be made adjustable, for example by providing a movable wall with adjustable positioning between the bottom wall of the hollow body 113 and the 'corresponding end of the spring 114. This arrangement, not shown, would vary the trigger threshold of the air spring 112, at the discretion of the user.
  • the continuation of the movement is done automatically by displacement of the piston 132 inside the cylinder body 120, with an effort of moderate maneuvering and with a limited speed determined by the flow restriction defined by the orifice 133.
  • the choice of this speed of movement of the piston 122 influences the behavior of the mechanism and therefore that of the seat 11.
  • the pressure in the air spring increases and a restoring force is created, due to the difference in surface area of the active faces of the piston 122 in the chambers 123 and 124. If the user abruptly releases his force on the backrest, the spring 114 instantly presses the moving element 115 against the rod 135 a and the valve 125 closes.
  • the backrest therefore remains locked in an inclined position. To return the backrest to the front position, it suffices that the user moderately requests the backrest with his back so as to communicate to the device sufficient force to keep the valve 125 open against the action of the spring 114 and thus allow the air spring to lengthen again under the effect of the pressure prevailing in the cylinder body 120, the rod 121 slowly emerging from said cylinder body due to the rolling effect exerted by the orifice 133 on the fluid passing from the chamber 124 to the chamber 123. This therefore avoids any rapid backward movement of the file likely to strike, unpleasantly, the back of the user.
  • the pneumatic spring 112 can advantageously be replaced by a hydro-pneumatic spring known per se.
  • the piston and the valve are identical to those of the pneumatic spring of FIG. 4, but the chambers 123 a and 124 a are filled with oil, that is to say an incompressible fluid.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a variant in which the penultimate strip in the direction of the height, that is to say here the strip 16 a , is directly articulated (horizontal articulation 22 a ) to the back frame 26 while that the last strip immediately above (that is to say here the strip 16 b ) is mounted on the back frame by means of a height-adjustable positioning arrangement 50, such as for example a system of lockable slides or a rack system or any other similar mechanism.
  • a height-adjustable positioning arrangement 50 such as for example a system of lockable slides or a rack system or any other similar mechanism.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)
  • Chairs Characterized By Structure (AREA)
EP87400469A 1986-03-05 1987-03-04 Verstellbarer Stuhl Expired - Lifetime EP0240389B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8603072A FR2595223B1 (fr) 1986-03-05 1986-03-05 Siege articule
FR8603072 1986-03-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0240389A1 true EP0240389A1 (de) 1987-10-07
EP0240389B1 EP0240389B1 (de) 1990-11-28

Family

ID=9332773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87400469A Expired - Lifetime EP0240389B1 (de) 1986-03-05 1987-03-04 Verstellbarer Stuhl

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0240389B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3766399D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2595223B1 (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4986601A (en) * 1988-11-30 1991-01-22 Itoki Co., Ltd. Tilting mechanism for supporting seat portion and backrest of chair in integral fashion
WO1992004844A1 (en) * 1990-09-14 1992-04-02 Karl Schreckenberg A chair
WO1992006621A1 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-30 J.E. Ekornes A/S Arrangement in a recline chair
ES2060507A2 (es) * 1991-06-25 1994-11-16 Normalien Srl Dispositivos adecuados para la inclinacion del respaldo y del asiento de sillas y sillones.
EP0774222A1 (de) 1995-11-16 1997-05-21 Roger Prieur Stuhl, welcher an die Körperform des Benutzers anpassbar ist
US9504327B2 (en) * 2015-02-09 2016-11-29 Harmony Lifestyle, LLC Reclinable chair having a locking gas spring reclining back rest
US9526339B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2016-12-27 Steelcase Inc. Control assembly for chair
GB2543565A (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-26 Ratstands Ltd Stackable chair
US9706845B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2017-07-18 Steelcase Inc. Chair assembly
US11304528B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2022-04-19 Steelcase Inc. Chair assembly with upholstery covering

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104433441B (zh) * 2014-12-08 2017-10-24 成都卓青科技有限公司 一种椅子
CN104433449B (zh) * 2014-12-08 2017-11-03 成都卓青科技有限公司 一种椅子
CN104433442B (zh) * 2014-12-08 2017-10-17 成都卓青科技有限公司 一种椅子
CN104433444B (zh) * 2014-12-08 2017-12-08 绍兴恒元机械制造有限公司 一种椅子
FR3062291A1 (fr) * 2017-01-31 2018-08-03 Monard Didier Siege hybride

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2541333A1 (de) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-24 Kloeber Kg Drehstuhl
GB2054367A (en) * 1979-07-03 1981-02-18 Moreschi S & C Cofemo Chair having a seat and back adjustable by gas cylinders
GB2060141A (en) * 1979-10-03 1981-04-29 Anti-surge valve for hydraulic locking device
DE3415555A1 (de) * 1983-07-22 1985-02-07 H.W. Schmidt GmbH Metallwarenfabrik, 4730 Ahlen Stuhl
DE8529359U1 (de) * 1984-10-23 1985-11-28 Protoned B.V., Amsterdam Sitzmöbel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2541333A1 (de) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-24 Kloeber Kg Drehstuhl
GB2054367A (en) * 1979-07-03 1981-02-18 Moreschi S & C Cofemo Chair having a seat and back adjustable by gas cylinders
GB2060141A (en) * 1979-10-03 1981-04-29 Anti-surge valve for hydraulic locking device
DE3415555A1 (de) * 1983-07-22 1985-02-07 H.W. Schmidt GmbH Metallwarenfabrik, 4730 Ahlen Stuhl
DE8529359U1 (de) * 1984-10-23 1985-11-28 Protoned B.V., Amsterdam Sitzmöbel

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4986601A (en) * 1988-11-30 1991-01-22 Itoki Co., Ltd. Tilting mechanism for supporting seat portion and backrest of chair in integral fashion
WO1992004844A1 (en) * 1990-09-14 1992-04-02 Karl Schreckenberg A chair
WO1992006621A1 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-30 J.E. Ekornes A/S Arrangement in a recline chair
US5472261A (en) * 1990-10-12 1995-12-05 Ekornes Fabrikker As J E Arrangement in a recline chair
ES2060507A2 (es) * 1991-06-25 1994-11-16 Normalien Srl Dispositivos adecuados para la inclinacion del respaldo y del asiento de sillas y sillones.
EP0774222A1 (de) 1995-11-16 1997-05-21 Roger Prieur Stuhl, welcher an die Körperform des Benutzers anpassbar ist
FR2741249A1 (fr) * 1995-11-16 1997-05-23 Prieur Roger Siege adaptable a la morphologie de l'utilisateur
US9526339B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2016-12-27 Steelcase Inc. Control assembly for chair
US9706845B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2017-07-18 Steelcase Inc. Chair assembly
US9844267B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2017-12-19 Steelcase Inc. Chair back mechanism and control assembly
US9861201B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2018-01-09 Steelcase, Inc. Chair assembly
US9918552B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2018-03-20 Steelcase Inc. Control assembly for chair
US10206507B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2019-02-19 Steelcase Inc. Control assembly for chair
US11304528B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2022-04-19 Steelcase Inc. Chair assembly with upholstery covering
US9504327B2 (en) * 2015-02-09 2016-11-29 Harmony Lifestyle, LLC Reclinable chair having a locking gas spring reclining back rest
GB2543565A (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-26 Ratstands Ltd Stackable chair
GB2543565B (en) * 2015-10-23 2019-10-09 Ratstands Ltd Stackable chair

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2595223A1 (fr) 1987-09-11
EP0240389B1 (de) 1990-11-28
FR2595223B1 (fr) 1988-06-17
DE3766399D1 (de) 1991-01-10

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