EP0231429B1 - Gear pump - Google Patents

Gear pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0231429B1
EP0231429B1 EP86111453A EP86111453A EP0231429B1 EP 0231429 B1 EP0231429 B1 EP 0231429B1 EP 86111453 A EP86111453 A EP 86111453A EP 86111453 A EP86111453 A EP 86111453A EP 0231429 B1 EP0231429 B1 EP 0231429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
eccentric ring
pressure
gear pump
pump according
spring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86111453A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0231429A3 (en
EP0231429A2 (en
Inventor
Kurt Sickinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
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Publication of EP0231429A2 publication Critical patent/EP0231429A2/en
Publication of EP0231429A3 publication Critical patent/EP0231429A3/en
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Publication of EP0231429B1 publication Critical patent/EP0231429B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C14/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
    • F04C14/04Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for reversible machines or pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gear pump according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Gear pumps of this type have an externally toothed inner rotor, which rotates within an externally eccentrically rotatable internally toothed outer rotor, which in turn is mounted in an eccentric ring.
  • the eccentric ring which determines the position of the external rotor, must be swiveled by 180 °. The easiest way to do this is to always maintain a certain frictional connection between the outer surface of the outer rotor and the inner surface of the eccentric ring, whereby the eccentric ring is always pressed against an end stop corresponding to the direction of rotation when the outer rotor is rotating.
  • the piston mentioned delimits an expansion chamber which is connected to the pressure connection of the pump via a pressure line.
  • the fluid pressure transmitted from the pressure connection to the expansion chamber acts on the piston, counteracts the spring loading it, and lifts the friction body out of the frictional engagement with the external rotor.
  • the pump briefly comes to a standstill when the direction of rotation is reversed, then the delivery pressure and thus the pressure in the expansion chamber drop, the friction body creates the frictional engagement between the eccentric ring and the outer rotor, and when starting in the opposite direction, the outer rotor takes the eccentric ring in its second End position with, in which the eccentric ring is held by a stop.
  • the build-up of the delivery pressure then acts again on the piston in the expansion chamber, so that the frictional engagement remains canceled while the pump is operating.
  • the generic pump has the disadvantage that the arrangement of a cylinder-like expansion chamber, piston, spring and friction body is relatively complicated and difficult to assemble. In addition, due to its small dimensions, the friction body is subject to increased wear. Problems also arise when, for example in trucks, viscous oil has to be pumped.
  • the piston-cylinder arrangement has a considerable radial height, as a result of which the outside diameter of the eccentric ring and thus also of the pump is enlarged. And finally, the eccentric ring is limited in its minimum thickness by the piston diameter and the required wall thickness.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the generic pump in such a way that it is structurally simplified, the outer circumference required for the eccentric ring is reduced and the resistance to wear is increased.
  • the inner surface of the eccentric ring is again formed as a counter surface, as was the case before the generic document, so that the eccentric ring can be brought into frictional engagement with the outer rotor.
  • the eccentric ring according to the invention is provided with at least one radial slot or, in the case of a plurality of radial slots, is composed of segments so that it can be contracted and expanded radially.
  • the eccentric ring is pulled together by spring force, while the expansion takes place through the action of the expansion chamber and through hydrodynamic forging pressures, so that when the pump is working and releases pressure fluid through the pressure connection, this pressure in the expansion chamber and the pressure generated by rotation Hydrodynamic pressure is then used to expand the eccentric ring so that the frictional engagement between it and the outer surface of the outer rotor is canceled.
  • the eccentric ring is in that of its end positions which is assigned to the currently prevailing direction of rotation.
  • the eccentric ring is slotted only once or has only one continuous slot
  • the eccentric ring itself preferably consists of resilient material, such as steel, sintered material, aluminum but also plastic.
  • the spring which is intended to compress the eccentric ring is formed by the latter itself, so that the spring as a separate component can be dispensed with entirely.
  • the eccentric ring is composed of at least two segments or arc sections, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, these arc sections are compressed by an annular spring that surrounds them from the outside.
  • This ring spring which can be inserted into a circumferential groove of the eccentric ring, forms a separate component and is itself easy to assemble.
  • a hydraulic piston can be specified as the expansion element, which bends the ends of the slotted eccentric ring apart.
  • a separate component is not absolutely necessary to achieve the expansion: for example, it is possible to form grooves in at least one of the friction surfaces, which are connected to the pressure line. If these grooves are pressurized, the eccentric ring is initially widened a little. As a result, pressure fluid can get into the annular gap that forms between the eccentric ring and the outer rotor, which then bends the eccentric ring apart.
  • the expansion chamber is delimited by the walls of the radial slot.
  • the expansion chamber is thus effective at the point at which the eccentric ring can be expanded with the least amount of force.
  • An eccentric ring can thus be used, which tightly encloses the outer rotor when it is not loaded by the expansion chamber, as a result of which a quick response to a change of direction and an error-free switching process are achieved, even with viscous fluids.
  • the two surfaces delimiting the expansion chamber are preferably used as stops in order to avoid an excessive, harmful contraction of the eccentric ring in the non-installed state.
  • these surfaces which are seated on one another are slightly inclined to one another so that the hydraulic fluid can penetrate between them.
  • these grooves or grooves are initially filled with fluid when pressure is applied, which initiates the lifting of the surfaces.
  • the space between the raised surfaces then fills with fluid so that its pressure acts on the full surface of the diaphragm walls.
  • the inner surface of the eccentric ring is left out.
  • the resulting recess is connected to the slot and is in the end positions of the eccentric ring opposite the mouth of the pressure line, so that the pocket-like recess forms part of the expansion chamber. If pressure is applied to this pressure pocket when the expansion ring is contracted, then this acts radially in the areas next to the slot on the eccentric ring and tries to expand it radially.
  • the slot opens and immediately fills with fluid, the full pressure of which can then act on the walls of the slot.
  • the expansion of the eccentric ring achieved in this way is supported by the radially acting pressure component and the hydrodynamic pressure.
  • the arrangement of a pressure pocket is also advantageous if it is not directly connected to the pressure line, but is only subjected to pressure through the gap between the diaphragm walls, since fluid passes through the pressure pocket into the increasing annular gap between the outer rotor and the eccentric ring , which helps to spread the eccentric ring away from the outer rotor and thus to abort the operating state with frictional engagement as quickly as possible when it is no longer required.
  • mouths of the pressure line are arranged at the two end positions of the eccentric ring, it is proposed according to a further embodiment of the invention to leave out a second pressure pocket opposite the first on the inner surface of the eccentric ring.
  • the second pressure pocket lies in front of the mouth of the pressure line assigned to the other end position, so that the pressurization of the annular space between the eccentric ring and the external rotor takes place from two places.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the gear pump according to the invention in radial section and has a housing 1 with a cylindrical chamber in which an eccentric ring 2 is suitably inserted.
  • This eccentric ring 2 the cylindrical outer surface of which is centered on the axis A, has an essentially circular-cylindrical inner bore, the central axis B of which is offset from the central axis A.
  • An outer rotor 6 is accommodated in the eccentric bore of the eccentric ring 2 and has a circular cylindrical outer surface which is essentially complementary to the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2.
  • the outer rotor 6 has an inner toothing which engages in the outer toothing of an inner rotor 7, which has one tooth less than the outer rotor 6 and is centered on the axis A.
  • the eccentric ring 2 has a circumferential groove 3 which extends over a little more than 180 °, in
  • the eccentric ring 2 is separated by a radial slot 5. Adjacent to the slot 5, the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2 is recessed to form a pressure pocket 8. At this point of the pressure pocket 8 opposite the center B of the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2, this is also trough-like to form a second pressure pocket 9.
  • a pressure line 10 is recessed in the housing 1 through bores, which opens into the bottom of the receiving bore for the arrangement formed from parts 2, 6 and 7, in each case at a point which corresponds to the pressure pocket 8 or 9 faces.
  • the pressure line 10 is connected to the pressure connection of the pump.
  • the eccentric ring 2 is made of resilient material and is biased by its own spring action so that it seeks to lie closely around the outer rotor 6.
  • the walls of the slot 5 can sit one on top of the other as a force limitation, but it is equally advantageous that the walls also maintain a mutual distance in this state, so that pressure can build up quickly in the slot 5.
  • the outer surface of the outer rotor 6 and the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2 form a friction pairing, which must transmit a frictional force which is sufficient to rotate the eccentric ring 2 by 180 °.
  • the two engagement surfaces are smooth and clean.
  • it is necessary to take additional measures to increase the frictional engagement such as the arrangement of a friction lining, a suitable material pairing or a suitable honing surface treatment frictional surfaces.
  • the mode of operation of the gear pump shown is as follows: In the state shown in FIG. 1, the pump rotates in the direction of the arrow and conveys fluid.
  • the pressure line 10 and thus also the slot 5 and the pressure pockets 8 and 9 are under fluid pressure, which is effective in such a direction that the eccentric ring 2 is expanded.
  • the wedge-shaped pockets seen in the direction of rotation build up a hydrodynamic, very high oil pressure that is dependent on the speed of rotation, which supports the expansion of the eccentric ring.
  • the bearing play is automatically adjusted to a favorable level.
  • the bore in the housing 1 must be dimensioned accordingly.
  • the pump If the pump is brought to a standstill, then the pressure in the pressure outlet of the pump and thus also in the pressure line 10, the slot 5 and in the pressure pockets 8 and 9 decreases, so that those pressure forces which had previously spread the eccentric ring 2 apart, omitted.
  • the eccentric ring 2 thus lies tightly around the outer rotor 6 and engages with its outer surface in close frictional engagement.
  • the inner rotor 7 rotates the outer rotor 6 with which it is engaged, which in turn rotates the eccentric ring 2 until a stop between the end wall of the groove 3 and the pin 4 takes place.
  • the pump that continues to run begins to build up a pressure in its pressure connection, which acts via line 10 in the manner mentioned above and lifts the eccentric ring 2 again from the external rotor 6, so that smooth running and the switching process take place in a simple and robust manner can be achieved.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 2 in that the eccentric ring 2 is not designed as a one-piece, open ring, but is composed of two curved pieces, each of which forms a slot 5 at their mutual abutment points.
  • the two arc pieces forming the eccentric ring 2 have an external circumferential groove, into which an annular spring 11 is inserted, which tries to press the arc pieces in the same way against the outer surface of the outer rotor 6, as is the case in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 due to the self-suspension of the eccentric ring shown there was reached.
  • the mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 is the same as that of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. Otherwise, the pressure line 10 is omitted in the illustration in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zahnradpumpe gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a gear pump according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zahnradpumpen dieser Art weisen einen aussenverzahnten Innenläufer auf, der innerhalb eines exzentrisch zu diesem drehbaren innenverzahnten Aussenläussers umläuft, der seinerseits in einem Exzenterring gelagert ist.Gear pumps of this type have an externally toothed inner rotor, which rotates within an externally eccentrically rotatable internally toothed outer rotor, which in turn is mounted in an eccentric ring.

Um zu erreichen, dass die Zahnradpumpe bei wechselnder Antriebsrichtung ihre Förderrichtung beibehält, muss der Exzenterring, der die Lage des Aussenläufers bestimmt, um 180° verschwenkt werden. Dies geschieht am einfachsten dadurch, dass man stets einen gewissen Reibschluss zwischen der Aussenoberfläche des Aussenläufers und der Innenoberfläche des Exzenterringes beibehält, wodurch der Exzenterring bei sich drehendem Aussenläufer stets gegen einen der Drehrichtung entsprechenden Endanschlag gedrückt wird. Um die ständigen Reibungsverluste einer solchen Pumpe zu vermeiden, wurde in der gattungsbildenden Druckschrift (DE-AS 2 055 883) vorgeschlagen, anstelle des unmittelbaren Reibschlusses zwischen Aussenläufer und Exzenterring diese beiden Teile mit einem gewissen Spiel ineinander zu lagern und im Exzenterring einen radial beweglichen Kolben anzubringen, der durch eine Feder gegen den Aussenläufer gedrückt wird und auf seiner diesem zugewandten Oberfläche einen Reibkörper trägt. Der Reibschluss wird somit nicht mehr, wie bisher, unmittelbar zwischen Exzenterring und Aussenläufer, sondern mittelbar zwischen diesen Teilen durch Vermittlung des Reibkörpers hergestellt.In order to ensure that the gear pump maintains its delivery direction when the drive direction changes, the eccentric ring, which determines the position of the external rotor, must be swiveled by 180 °. The easiest way to do this is to always maintain a certain frictional connection between the outer surface of the outer rotor and the inner surface of the eccentric ring, whereby the eccentric ring is always pressed against an end stop corresponding to the direction of rotation when the outer rotor is rotating. In order to avoid the constant friction losses of such a pump, it was proposed in the generic document (DE-AS 2 055 883), instead of the direct frictional connection between the outer rotor and the eccentric ring, to support these two parts with a certain clearance and a radially movable piston in the eccentric ring to be attached, which is pressed by a spring against the outer rotor and carries a friction body on its surface facing it. The frictional connection is therefore no longer produced directly between the eccentric ring and the external rotor, as previously, but indirectly between these parts by means of the friction body.

Der genannte Kolben begrenzt eine Expansionskammer, welche über eine Druckleitung mit dem Druckanschluss der Pumpe verbunden ist.The piston mentioned delimits an expansion chamber which is connected to the pressure connection of the pump via a pressure line.

Im Betrieb der Pumpe wirkt der vom Druckanschluss auf die Expansionskammer übertragene Strömungsmitteldruck auf den Kolben ein, wirkt der diesen belastenden Feder entgegen und hebt den Reibkörper aus dem Reibungseingriff mit dem Aussenläufer. Gelangt nun bei einer Drehrichtungsumkehr die Pumpe kurzzeitig zum Stillstand, dann fällt der Förderdruck und somit auch der Druck in der Expansionskammer ab, der Reibkörper stellt den Reibungseingriff zwischen Exzenterring und Aussenläufer her und beim Anlaufen in der Gegenrichtung nimmt daher der Aussenläufer den Exzenterring in seine zweite Endlage mit, in weicher der Exzenterring durch einen Anschlag gehalten wird. Der sich aufbauende Förderdruck wirkt dann in der Expansionskammer wieder auf den Kolben ein, so dass während des Betriebs der Pumpe der Reibungseingriff aufgehoben bleibt.During operation of the pump, the fluid pressure transmitted from the pressure connection to the expansion chamber acts on the piston, counteracts the spring loading it, and lifts the friction body out of the frictional engagement with the external rotor. If the pump briefly comes to a standstill when the direction of rotation is reversed, then the delivery pressure and thus the pressure in the expansion chamber drop, the friction body creates the frictional engagement between the eccentric ring and the outer rotor, and when starting in the opposite direction, the outer rotor takes the eccentric ring in its second End position with, in which the eccentric ring is held by a stop. The build-up of the delivery pressure then acts again on the piston in the expansion chamber, so that the frictional engagement remains canceled while the pump is operating.

Trotz ihrer Vorzüge weist die gattungsbildende Pumpe den Nachteil auf, dass die Anordnung aus zylinderartiger Expansionskammer, Kolben, Feder und Reibkörper verhältnismässig kompliziert ist und schwierig montiert werden kann. Ausserdem unterliegt der Reibkörper wegen seiner kleinen Abmessungen einem erhöhten Verschleiss. Weiterhin kommt es zu Problemen, wenn, beispielsweise bei LKW's, zähflüssiges Öl gefördert werden muss.Despite its advantages, the generic pump has the disadvantage that the arrangement of a cylinder-like expansion chamber, piston, spring and friction body is relatively complicated and difficult to assemble. In addition, due to its small dimensions, the friction body is subject to increased wear. Problems also arise when, for example in trucks, viscous oil has to be pumped.

Ausserdem weist die Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung eine erhebliche radiale Höhe auf, wodurch der Aussendurchmesser des Exzenterringes und somit auch der Pumpe vergrössert wird. Und schliesslich ist der Exzenterring in seiner minimalen Dicke durch den Kolbendurchmesser sowie die erforderliche Wanddicke begrenzt.In addition, the piston-cylinder arrangement has a considerable radial height, as a result of which the outside diameter of the eccentric ring and thus also of the pump is enlarged. And finally, the eccentric ring is limited in its minimum thickness by the piston diameter and the required wall thickness.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die gattungsbildende Pumpe dahingehend weiterzubilden, dass sie baulich vereinfacht wird, der für den Exzenterring erforderliche Aussenumfang verringert wird und die Beständigkeit gegenüber Verschleiss erhöht wird.Proceeding from this prior art, the object of the invention is to further develop the generic pump in such a way that it is structurally simplified, the outer circumference required for the eccentric ring is reduced and the resistance to wear is increased.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Hierbei wird die Innenfläche des Exzenterringes wieder als Gegenfläche ausgebildet, wie dies bereits früher vor der gattungsbildenden Druckschrift der Fall war, so dass der Exzenterring unmittelbar in Reibungseingriff mit dem Aussenläufer bringbar ist. Der erfindungsgemässe Exzenterring ist aber mit mindestens einem Radialschlitz versehen bzw., im Falle mehrerer Radialschlitze, aus Segmenten zusammengesetzt, so dass er radial zusammengezogen und aufgeweitet werden kann. Das Zusammenziehen des Exzenterringes erfolgt durch Federkraft, während das Aufweiten durch die Wirkung der Expansionskammer sowie durch hydrodynamische Schmiedrücke geschieht, so dass dann, wenn die Pumpe arbeitet und durch den Druckanschluss unter Druck stehendes Strömungsmittel abgibt, dieser Druck in der Expansionskammer und der durch Drehung entstehende hydrodynamische Druck dann verwendet wird, um den Exzenterring aufzuweiten, so dass der Reibungseingriff zwischen diesem und der Aussenoberfläche des Aussenläufers aufgehoben wird. In diesem Betriebszustand befindet sich der Exzenterring in jener seiner Endlagen, die der gerade herrschenden Drehrichtung zugeordnet ist.Here, the inner surface of the eccentric ring is again formed as a counter surface, as was the case before the generic document, so that the eccentric ring can be brought into frictional engagement with the outer rotor. However, the eccentric ring according to the invention is provided with at least one radial slot or, in the case of a plurality of radial slots, is composed of segments so that it can be contracted and expanded radially. The eccentric ring is pulled together by spring force, while the expansion takes place through the action of the expansion chamber and through hydrodynamic forging pressures, so that when the pump is working and releases pressure fluid through the pressure connection, this pressure in the expansion chamber and the pressure generated by rotation Hydrodynamic pressure is then used to expand the eccentric ring so that the frictional engagement between it and the outer surface of the outer rotor is canceled. In this operating state, the eccentric ring is in that of its end positions which is assigned to the currently prevailing direction of rotation.

Durch die Rückkehr zur Verwendung der genannten Innenoberfläche des Exzenterringes als Gegenfläche wird der Verschleiss und somit auch die Störanfälligkeit entscheidend verringert.By returning to the use of the above-mentioned inner surface of the eccentric ring as a counter surface, the wear and thus the susceptibility to faults is significantly reduced.

Soweit der Exzenterring nur einmal geschlitzt ist, bzw. nur einen durchgehenden Schlitz aufweist, besteht der Exzenterring selbst bevorzugt aus federfähigem Material, etwa Stahl, Sintermaterial, Aluminium aber auch Kunststoff.If the eccentric ring is slotted only once or has only one continuous slot, the eccentric ring itself preferably consists of resilient material, such as steel, sintered material, aluminum but also plastic.

Hierbei wird die Feder, die den Exzenterring zusammendrücken soll, von diesem selbst gebildet, so dass auf die Feder als gesondertes Bauteil völlig verzichtet werden kann. Hierbei ist es möglich, zusätzlich zu dem einen, das Zusammendrücken und Aufweiten des Exzenterringes ermöglichenden Schlitz auch noch weitere, den Exzenterring nicht ganz durchdringende Schlitze vorzusehen, um die Federeigenschaft des Exzenterringes zu beeinflussen.In this case, the spring which is intended to compress the eccentric ring is formed by the latter itself, so that the spring as a separate component can be dispensed with entirely. In this case, it is possible to provide, in addition to the one slot which allows the eccentric ring to be compressed and widened, further slots which do not completely penetrate the eccentric ring in order to influence the spring property of the eccentric ring.

Soweit aber der Exzenterring aus mindestens zwei Segmenten bzw. Bogenabschnitten zusammengesetzt ist, sind diese Bogenabschnitte gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch eine sie von aussen her umschliessende Ringfeder zusammengedrückt. Diese Ringfeder, die in eine Umfangsnut des Exzenterringes eingelegt werden kann, bildet ein eigenes Bauteil und ist selbst einfach zu montieren.However, if the eccentric ring is composed of at least two segments or arc sections, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, these arc sections are compressed by an annular spring that surrounds them from the outside. This ring spring, which can be inserted into a circumferential groove of the eccentric ring, forms a separate component and is itself easy to assemble.

Als Expansionselement kann ein hydraulischer Kolben vorgegeben sein, der die Enden des geschlitzten Exzenterringes auseinanderbiegt. Es ist aber zur Erzielung der Expansion nicht unbedingt ein gesondertes Bauteil erforderlich: so ist es beispielsweise möglich, in mindestens einer der Reibungsflächen Rillen auszubilden, welche an die Druckleitung angeschlossen sind. Werden diese Rillen druckbeaufschlagt, dann wird der Exzenterring zunächst ein wenig aufgeweitet. Hierdurch kann Druckströmungsmittel in den sich bildenden Ringspalt zwischen Exzenterring und Aussenläufer gelangen, welches dann den Exzenterring auseinanderbiegt.A hydraulic piston can be specified as the expansion element, which bends the ends of the slotted eccentric ring apart. However, a separate component is not absolutely necessary to achieve the expansion: for example, it is possible to form grooves in at least one of the friction surfaces, which are connected to the pressure line. If these grooves are pressurized, the eccentric ring is initially widened a little. As a result, pressure fluid can get into the annular gap that forms between the eccentric ring and the outer rotor, which then bends the eccentric ring apart.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist es aber von Vorteil, dass die Expansionskammer von den Wänden des Radialschlitzes begrenzt ist. Die Expansionskammer ist somit an jener Stelle wirksam, an welcher mit dem geringsten Kraftaufwand der Exzenterring aufgeweitet werden kann. Es kann somit ein Exzenterring verwendet werden, der, wenn er nicht durch die Expansionskammer belastet ist, stramm den Aussenläufer umschliesst, wodurch ein rasches Ansprechen auf einen Richtungswechsel sowie ein fehlerfreier Umschaltvorgang erzielt werden und zwar auch bei zähen Strömungsmitteln.According to a preferred embodiment, however, it is advantageous that the expansion chamber is delimited by the walls of the radial slot. The expansion chamber is thus effective at the point at which the eccentric ring can be expanded with the least amount of force. An eccentric ring can thus be used, which tightly encloses the outer rotor when it is not loaded by the expansion chamber, as a result of which a quick response to a change of direction and an error-free switching process are achieved, even with viscous fluids.

Die beiden die Expansionskammer begrenzenden Flächen werden bevorzugt als Anschläge benutzt, um ein übermässiges, schädliches Zusammenziehen des Exzenterringes in nicht eingebautem Zustand zu vermeiden. Hierbei sind diese aufeinandersitzenden Flächen leicht zueinander geneigt, so dass das hydraulische Strömungsmittel zwischen sie eindringen kann. Um das Eindringen des hydraulischen Strömungsmittels noch weiter zu erleichtern, ist es auch möglich, eine der beiden die Expansionskammer begrenzenden Flächen des Exzenterringes mit Nuten, Vertiefungen oder dergleichen zu versehen, welche zur Druckleitung hin offen sind.The two surfaces delimiting the expansion chamber are preferably used as stops in order to avoid an excessive, harmful contraction of the eccentric ring in the non-installed state. In this case, these surfaces which are seated on one another are slightly inclined to one another so that the hydraulic fluid can penetrate between them. In order to further facilitate the penetration of the hydraulic fluid, it is also possible to provide one of the two surfaces of the eccentric ring which delimit the expansion chamber with grooves, depressions or the like which are open to the pressure line.

Somit werden diese Nuten oder Rillen zunächst bei Druckbeaufschlagung mit Strömungsmittel gefüllt, welches das Anheben der Flächen einleitet. Der zwischen den angehobenen Flächen bestehende Zwischenraum füllt sich dann mit Strömungsmittel, so dass dessen Druck auf die volle Oberfläche der Schlitzwände einwirkt.Thus, these grooves or grooves are initially filled with fluid when pressure is applied, which initiates the lifting of the surfaces. The space between the raised surfaces then fills with fluid so that its pressure acts on the full surface of the diaphragm walls.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist aber die Innenfläche des Exzenterringes ausgespart. Die so entstandene Ausnehmung steht mit dem Schlitz in Verbindung und befindet sich in den Endlagen des Exzenterringes gegenüber der Einmündung der Druckleitung, so dass die taschenartige Ausnehmung einen Teil der Expansionskammer bildet. Wird bei zusammengezogenem Expansionsring diese Drucktasche mit Druck beaufschlagt, dann wirkt dieser radial in den Bereichen neben dem Schlitz auf den Exzenterring ein und trachtet danach, diesen radial aufzuweiten. Wenn der Exzenterring dieser Einwirkung nachgibt, dann öffnet sich der Schlitz, füllt sich sofort mit Strömungsmittel, dessen voller Druck dann auf die Wände des Schlitzes einwirken kann. Gleichzeitig wird aber die so erreichte Aufweitung des Exzenterringes noch durch die radial wirkende Druckkomponente und den hydrodynamischen Druck unterstützt.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the inner surface of the eccentric ring is left out. The resulting recess is connected to the slot and is in the end positions of the eccentric ring opposite the mouth of the pressure line, so that the pocket-like recess forms part of the expansion chamber. If pressure is applied to this pressure pocket when the expansion ring is contracted, then this acts radially in the areas next to the slot on the eccentric ring and tries to expand it radially. When the eccentric ring yields to this action, the slot opens and immediately fills with fluid, the full pressure of which can then act on the walls of the slot. At the same time, however, the expansion of the eccentric ring achieved in this way is supported by the radially acting pressure component and the hydrodynamic pressure.

Die Anordnung einer Drucktasche ist aber auch dann vorteilhaft, wenn sie ihrerseits nicht unmittelbar an die Druckleitung angeschlossen ist, sondern erst durch den Spalt zwischen den Schlitzwänden hindurch mit Druck beaufschlagt wird, da durch die Drucktasche Strömungsmittel in den sich vergrössernden Ringspalt zwischen Aussenläufer und Exzenterring gelangt, welches dazu beiträgt, den Exzenterring vom Aussenläufer abzuspreizen und somit den Betriebszustand mit Reibschluss möglichst rasch abzubrechen, wenn er nicht mehr erforderlich ist.However, the arrangement of a pressure pocket is also advantageous if it is not directly connected to the pressure line, but is only subjected to pressure through the gap between the diaphragm walls, since fluid passes through the pressure pocket into the increasing annular gap between the outer rotor and the eccentric ring , which helps to spread the eccentric ring away from the outer rotor and thus to abort the operating state with frictional engagement as quickly as possible when it is no longer required.

Da Einmündungen der Druckleitung an den beiden Endlagen des Exzenterringes angeordnet sind, wird gemäss einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, eine zweite Drucktasche der ersten gegenüberliegend an der Innenfläche des Exzenterringes auszusparen. In einer Endlage des Exzenterringes liegt die zweite Drucktasche vor der der anderen Endlage zugeordneten Mündung der Druckleitung, so dass die Druckbeaufschlagung des Ringraumes zwischen Exzenterring und Aussenläufer von zwei Stellen her erfolgt.Since mouths of the pressure line are arranged at the two end positions of the eccentric ring, it is proposed according to a further embodiment of the invention to leave out a second pressure pocket opposite the first on the inner surface of the eccentric ring. In one end position of the eccentric ring, the second pressure pocket lies in front of the mouth of the pressure line assigned to the other end position, so that the pressurization of the annular space between the eccentric ring and the external rotor takes place from two places.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten, schematischen Zeichnung beispielsweise noch näher erläutert; in dieser zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Radialschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemässen Zahnradpumpe,
  • Fig. 2 einen Axialschnitt durch die Pumpe der Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Radialschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Zahnradpumpe, und
  • Fig. 4 einen Axialschnitt durch die Pumpe der Fig. 3.
The object of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached schematic drawing, for example; in this shows:
  • 1 is a radial section through an embodiment of a gear pump according to the invention,
  • 2 shows an axial section through the pump of FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a radial section through a second embodiment of a gear pump according to the invention, and
  • 4 shows an axial section through the pump of FIG. 3.

Einander entsprechende Bauteile sind in der Zeichnung durchgehend mit dem gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet. Soweit bei der Beschreibung eines der beiden Ausführungsbeispiele ein solches Teil nicht eingehend erörtert ist, wird auf dessen Erörterung in der Beschreibung des anderen Ausführungsbeispiels verwiesen.Corresponding components are designated with the same reference numerals throughout the drawing. Insofar as such a part is not discussed in detail in the description of one of the two exemplary embodiments, reference is made to its discussion in the description of the other exemplary embodiment.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Zahnradpumpe im Radialschnitt gezeigt und weist ein Gehäuse 1 mit einer zylindrischen Kammer auf, in welche passend ein Exzenterring 2 eingesetzt ist. Dieser Exzenterring 2, dessen zylindrische Aussenfläche auf die Achse A zentriert ist, weist eine im wesentlichen kreiszylindrische Innenbohrung auf, deren Mittelachse B gegenüber der Mittelachse A versetzt ist. In der exzentrischen Bohrung des Exzenterringes 2 ist ein Aussenläufer 6 aufgenommen, der eine kreiszylindrische Aussenfläche aufweist, die im wesentlichen komplementär ist zur Innenfläche des Exzenterringes 2.1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the gear pump according to the invention in radial section and has a housing 1 with a cylindrical chamber in which an eccentric ring 2 is suitably inserted. This eccentric ring 2, the cylindrical outer surface of which is centered on the axis A, has an essentially circular-cylindrical inner bore, the central axis B of which is offset from the central axis A. An outer rotor 6 is accommodated in the eccentric bore of the eccentric ring 2 and has a circular cylindrical outer surface which is essentially complementary to the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2.

Der Aussenläufer 6 weist eine Innenverzahnung auf, die in der Aussenverzahnung eines Innenläufers 7 eingreift, der einen Zahn weniger aufweist als der Aussenläufer 6 und auf die Achse A zentriert ist.The outer rotor 6 has an inner toothing which engages in the outer toothing of an inner rotor 7, which has one tooth less than the outer rotor 6 and is centered on the axis A.

Da dieser allgemeine Aufbau der Zahnradpumpe hinlänglich bekannt ist, wird auf deren Wirkungsweise nicht näher eingegangen. Ebenso sind aus Gründen der besseren Klarheit der Saug- und Druckanschluss weggelassen.Since this general structure of the gear pump is well known, its mode of operation is not discussed in detail. Likewise, the suction and pressure connections are omitted for the sake of clarity.

Der Exzenterring 2 weist eine sich über etwas mehr als 180° erstreckende Umfangsnut 3 auf, inThe eccentric ring 2 has a circumferential groove 3 which extends over a little more than 180 °, in

die ein am Gehäuse 1 fest angebrachter Stift 4 eingreift, der einen Anschlag bildet. Die in der Zeichnung gesehen linke Begrenzungsfläche der Ringnut 3 liegt gegen den Stift 4 an, was der durch einen Pfeil gezeigten Drehrichtung entspricht. Bei Drehrichtungsumkehr wird der Exzenterring 2 um 180° entgegen der Pfeilrichtung verschwenkt, bis die andere Endwand der Nut 3 gegen den Stift 4 anliegt. Jede dieser Endlagen ist einer Drehrichtung zugeordnet, so dass die Zahnradpumpe unabhängig von der Drehrichtung stets in der gleichen Richtung fördert.which engages a pin 4 fixed to the housing 1, which forms a stop. The left boundary surface of the annular groove 3 seen in the drawing bears against the pin 4, which corresponds to the direction of rotation shown by an arrow. When the direction of rotation is reversed, the eccentric ring 2 is pivoted through 180 ° counter to the direction of the arrow until the other end wall of the groove 3 bears against the pin 4. Each of these end positions is assigned to a direction of rotation, so that the gear pump always delivers in the same direction regardless of the direction of rotation.

Der Exzenterring 2 ist durch einen Radialschlitz 5 aufgetrennt. An den Schlitz 5 angrenzend ist die Innenoberfläche des Exzenterringes 2 muldenartig zur Bildung einer Drucktasche 8 ausgenommen. An der diese Drucktasche 8 bezüglich der Mitte B gegenüberliegenden Stelle der Innenoberfläche des Exzenterringes 2 ist diese ebenfalls muldenartig zur Bildung einer zweiten Drucktasche 9 ausgenommen.The eccentric ring 2 is separated by a radial slot 5. Adjacent to the slot 5, the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2 is recessed to form a pressure pocket 8. At this point of the pressure pocket 8 opposite the center B of the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2, this is also trough-like to form a second pressure pocket 9.

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, ist im Gehäuse 1 durch Bohrungen eine Druckleitung 10 ausgespart, die in den Grund der Aufnahmebohrung für die aus den Teilen 2, 6 und 7 gebildete Anordnung einmündet, und zwar jeweils an einer Stelle, die der Drucktasche 8 bzw. 9 gegenüberliegt.As can be seen from FIG. 2, a pressure line 10 is recessed in the housing 1 through bores, which opens into the bottom of the receiving bore for the arrangement formed from parts 2, 6 and 7, in each case at a point which corresponds to the pressure pocket 8 or 9 faces.

Die Druckleitung 10 steht mit dem Druckanschluss der Pumpe in Verbindung.The pressure line 10 is connected to the pressure connection of the pump.

Der Exzenterring 2 ist aus federfähigem Material hergestellt und ist durch seine eigene Federwirkung so vorgespannt, dass er danach trachtet, sich eng um den Aussenläufer 6 herumzulegen. Hierbei können als Kraftbegrenzung die Wände des Schlitzes 5 aufeinandersitzen, es ist aber ebensogut vorteilhaft, dass die Wände auch in diesem Zustand einen gegenseitigen Abstand beibehalten, damit sich im Schlitz 5 rasch ein Druck aufbauen kann.The eccentric ring 2 is made of resilient material and is biased by its own spring action so that it seeks to lie closely around the outer rotor 6. In this case, the walls of the slot 5 can sit one on top of the other as a force limitation, but it is equally advantageous that the walls also maintain a mutual distance in this state, so that pressure can build up quickly in the slot 5.

Die Aussenoberfläche des Aussenläufers 6 und die Innenoberfläche des Exzenterringes 2 bilden eine Reibungspaarung, die eine Reibungskraft übertragen muss, welche ausreicht, um den Exzenterring 2 um 180° zu verdrehen. In der Regel sind die beiden Eingriffsflächen glatt und sauber gearbeitet. Wenn jedoch hochviskoses Öl mit der Zahnradpumpe gefördert werden soll, welches imstande ist, auch bei zusammengezogenem Exzenterring 2 diesen zu unterkriechen, ist es erforderlich, zusätzliche Massnahmen zur Erhöhung des Reibungseingriffes heranzuziehen, etwa die Anordnung eines Reibungsbelages, eine geeignete Materialpaarung oder eine geeignete Honflächenbearbeitung der in Reibungseingriff stehenden Flächen.The outer surface of the outer rotor 6 and the inner surface of the eccentric ring 2 form a friction pairing, which must transmit a frictional force which is sufficient to rotate the eccentric ring 2 by 180 °. As a rule, the two engagement surfaces are smooth and clean. However, if highly viscous oil is to be pumped with the gear pump, which is able to crawl under it even when the eccentric ring 2 is contracted, it is necessary to take additional measures to increase the frictional engagement, such as the arrangement of a friction lining, a suitable material pairing or a suitable honing surface treatment frictional surfaces.

Die Wirkungsweise der gezeigten Zahnradpumpe ist wie folgt: In dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Zustand dreht sich die Pumpe in Pfeilrichtung und fördert Strömungsmittel.The mode of operation of the gear pump shown is as follows: In the state shown in FIG. 1, the pump rotates in the direction of the arrow and conveys fluid.

Somit steht die Druckleitung 10 und damit auch der Schlitz 5 und die Drucktaschen 8 und 9 unter Strömungsmitteldruck, der in einer solchen Richtung wirksam ist, dass der Exzenterring 2 aufgeweitet wird. Entsprechend der Gleitlagertheorie wird durch die in Drehrichtung gesehen keilförmigen Taschen ein hydrodynamischer, von der Drehzahl abhängiger, sehr hoher Öldruck aufgebaut, der die Aufweitung des Exzenterringes unterstützt. Es stellt sich ein Regeleffekt ein, bei welchem das Lagerspiel automatisch auf ein günstiges Mass eingeregelt wird. Hierzu ist die Bohrung im Gehäuse 1 entsprechend zu dimensionieren.Thus, the pressure line 10 and thus also the slot 5 and the pressure pockets 8 and 9 are under fluid pressure, which is effective in such a direction that the eccentric ring 2 is expanded. According to the slide bearing theory, the wedge-shaped pockets seen in the direction of rotation build up a hydrodynamic, very high oil pressure that is dependent on the speed of rotation, which supports the expansion of the eccentric ring. There is a control effect in which the bearing play is automatically adjusted to a favorable level. For this, the bore in the housing 1 must be dimensioned accordingly.

Wird nun die Pumpe zum Stillstand gebracht, dann baut sich der Druck im Druckauslass der Pumpe und somit auch in der Druckleitung 10, dem Schlitz 5 und in den Drucktaschen 8 und 9 ab, so dass jene Druckkräfte, die den Exzenterring 2 bisher auseinandergespreizt hatten, entfallen. Es legt sich somit der Exzenterring 2 eng um den Aussenläufer 6 herum und tritt mit dessen Aussenoberfläche in engen Reibungseingriff.If the pump is brought to a standstill, then the pressure in the pressure outlet of the pump and thus also in the pressure line 10, the slot 5 and in the pressure pockets 8 and 9 decreases, so that those pressure forces which had previously spread the eccentric ring 2 apart, omitted. The eccentric ring 2 thus lies tightly around the outer rotor 6 and engages with its outer surface in close frictional engagement.

Wenn nun die Pumpe in Gegenrichtung anläuft, also entgegen der Pfeilrichtung, dann dreht der Innenläufer 7 den Aussenläufer 6, mit dem er in Eingriff steht, welcher seinerseits über den Reibungseingriff den Exzenterring 2 so lange verdreht, bis ein Anschlag zwischen der Endwand der Nut 3 und dem Stift 4 stattfindet. In dieser Lage beginnt die weiterlaufende Pumpe, in ihrem Druckanschluss einen Druck aufzubauen, welcher über die Leitung 10 auf die oben erwähnte Weise einwirkt und den Exzenterring 2 wieder von dem Aussenläufer 6 abhebt, so dass ein reibungsfreier Lauf und der Umschaltvorgang auf einfache und robuste Weise erreicht werden.If the pump now starts in the opposite direction, i.e. against the direction of the arrow, then the inner rotor 7 rotates the outer rotor 6 with which it is engaged, which in turn rotates the eccentric ring 2 until a stop between the end wall of the groove 3 and the pin 4 takes place. In this position, the pump that continues to run begins to build up a pressure in its pressure connection, which acts via line 10 in the manner mentioned above and lifts the eccentric ring 2 again from the external rotor 6, so that smooth running and the switching process take place in a simple and robust manner can be achieved.

Die Ausführungsform der Fig. 3 unterscheidet sich von jener der Fig. 2 dadurch, dass der Exzenterring 2 nicht als einstückiger, offener Ring ausgebildet ist, sondern aus zwei Bogenstücken zusammengesetzt ist, welche an ihren gegenseitigen Stossstellen jeweils einen Schlitz 5 bilden. Die beiden den Exzenterring 2 bildenden Bogenstücke weisen eine aussenlieigende Umfangsnut auf, in welche eine Ringfeder 11 eingelegt ist, die die Bogenstücke auf die gleiche Weise gegen die Aussenoberfläche des Aussenläufers 6 anzudrücken trachtet, wie dies beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 und 2 durch die Eigenfederung des dort gezeigten Exzenterringes erreicht wurde. Im übrigen ist die Wirkungsweise des Ausführungsbeispiels der Fig. 3 und 4 übereinstimmend mit jener der Ausführungsbeispiele der Fig. 1 und 2. Im übrigen ist in der Darstellung der Fig. 4 der leichteren Überschaubarkeit halber die Druckleitung 10 weggelassen.The embodiment of FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 2 in that the eccentric ring 2 is not designed as a one-piece, open ring, but is composed of two curved pieces, each of which forms a slot 5 at their mutual abutment points. The two arc pieces forming the eccentric ring 2 have an external circumferential groove, into which an annular spring 11 is inserted, which tries to press the arc pieces in the same way against the outer surface of the outer rotor 6, as is the case in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 due to the self-suspension of the eccentric ring shown there was reached. Otherwise, the mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 is the same as that of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. Otherwise, the pressure line 10 is omitted in the illustration in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity.

Claims (8)

1. Gear pump with a conveying direction which remains the same with variable drive direction
a) with a housing (1) with a suction- and a pressure-connection (10) for the flow medium which is to be pumped,
b) with an externally toothed internal rotor (7),
c) with an internally toothed external rotor (6) surrounding the internal rotor,
d) with an eccentric ring (2), receiving the external rotor and which is able to be rotated through 180° and is, in turn, held in the housing,
e) with a clutching device, utilizing spring action, to produce a friction contact between the outer surface of the external rotor (6) and a counter-surface connected with the eccentric ring (2), and
f) with means (5), connected with the pressure connection via a pressure line (10), to release the clutching device as soon as the conveying pressure has exceeded a particular value, characterized in that
g) the eccentric ring (2), which is under spring tension,
g1) has at least one radial slot (5),
g2) to produce the friction contact, is able to be pressed through the spring tension radially inwards against the outer surface of the external rotor (6), and
g3) to release the friction contact, is able to be removed from the external rotor (6) through the flow medium, with expansion of the radial slot (5).
2. Gear pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric ring (2), consisting of an elastic material, is constructed as a spring.
3. Gear pump according to Claim 2, characterized in that the eccentric ring (2) consists of a metal, in particular aluminium, nitriding steel, sintered material, or a plastic.
4. Gear pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric ring (2) is embraced by an annular spring (11).
5. Gear pump according to Claim 4, characterized in that the eccentric ring (2) consists of at least two ring segments, and that the annular spring (11) is held in grooves in the outer circumferential surface of the eccentric ring (2).
6. Gear pump according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the inner surface of the eccentric ring (2) in the region of the radial slot (5) a pressure pocket (8) is constructed, which in the end positions of the eccentric ring (2) in each case lies opposite an orifice of the pressure line (10) which is hollowed out in the housing (1).
7. Gear pump according to Claim 6, characterized in that in the case of an eccentric ring (2) in one piece, at least a second pressure pocket (9) lies opposite the pressure pocket (8) in the region of the radial slot (5), which second pressure pocket in each case is open toward an orifice of the pressure line (10).
8. Gear pump according to one of Claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the spring characteristic of the eccentric ring (2) or respectively of the annular spring (11) is adapted to the rotation rate such that the pressure of flow medium building up in the pressure pocket (8, 9) regulates the play of the hydrodynamic bearing between eccentric ring (2) and external rotor (6) automatically to a favourable extent.
EP86111453A 1985-12-09 1986-08-19 Gear pump Expired EP0231429B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3543488 1985-12-09
DE19853543488 DE3543488A1 (en) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 GEAR PUMP

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0231429A2 EP0231429A2 (en) 1987-08-12
EP0231429A3 EP0231429A3 (en) 1987-11-19
EP0231429B1 true EP0231429B1 (en) 1988-12-28

Family

ID=6288025

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86111453A Expired EP0231429B1 (en) 1985-12-09 1986-08-19 Gear pump

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4743180A (en)
EP (1) EP0231429B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62142881A (en)
DE (1) DE3543488A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015112664A1 (en) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-02 Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg Annular gear pump
DE102015112664C5 (en) 2015-07-31 2022-11-17 Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg gerotor pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0231429A3 (en) 1987-11-19
JPS62142881A (en) 1987-06-26
EP0231429A2 (en) 1987-08-12
DE3543488A1 (en) 1987-06-11
US4743180A (en) 1988-05-10
DE3543488C2 (en) 1989-04-13

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