EP0229928B1 - Heating element for household appliances, especially for cookers - Google Patents

Heating element for household appliances, especially for cookers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229928B1
EP0229928B1 EP86116386A EP86116386A EP0229928B1 EP 0229928 B1 EP0229928 B1 EP 0229928B1 EP 86116386 A EP86116386 A EP 86116386A EP 86116386 A EP86116386 A EP 86116386A EP 0229928 B1 EP0229928 B1 EP 0229928B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
heating element
plate
element according
conductor track
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86116386A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0229928A2 (en
EP0229928A3 (en
Inventor
Julius Dipl.-Ing. Husslein
Günther Wittauer
Heinz Kotsch
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/72—Plates of sheet metal

Definitions

  • the radial width of zones 9, 10 and 11 corresponds in each case to approximately one third of the radial width of the hotplate surface 8.
  • the heating conductor track 4 has 11 connection or contact surfaces 13 in the innermost unheated zone and within that inner heating zone 10 and within the outer heating zone 9 a total of annular sections 14 and 15, which are arranged concentrically to each other and in which the heating conductor 4 runs in a meandering manner.
  • the gaps 16 between the meandering turns of section 15 are smaller than the gaps 17 between the meandering turns of section 14, while the cross section of all sections is always the same size. In this way, the heating effect of the outer section 15 (specific heating surface load) is greater than that of the inner section 14.

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  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Heizelement gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a heating element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem bekannten Heizelement (CH-PS 389 116) ist eine relativ dicke metallische Platte vorgesehen, die auf der Unterseite mit einer keramischen Schicht versehen ist, auf welche Schicht wiederum Widerstandsheizelemente aufgebracht sind. Bekanntlich besteht insb. bei Verwendung von kochflächenbildenden Platten, die keine ausreichende Biegefestigkeit besitzen, also insb. bei dünnen Metallplatten, wie sie bei Kochmulden verwendet werden, die Gefahr des einseitigen Verbiegens infolge von Wärmespannungen, die bei Erhitzung der Heizleiterbahn im Plattenmaterial wirksam werden. Im Gegensatz zu einer Beheizung der Heizflächen mittels Wärmestrahlung spielt bei sogenannten Kontaktheizflächen, also bei Erwärmung der Heizfläche mittels Wärmeleitung, die Formstabilität der die Kochfläche bildenden Platte und damit die gleichbleibend innige Verbindung zwischen dieser Platte und der Heizleiterbahn eine entscheidende Rolle. Wenn sich diese Platte verbiegt ist zu befürchten, daß sich die an sich fest mit der Platte verbundene Heizleiterbahn löst und die Wärmeleitung verschelchtert wird. Eine Erhöhung der Formstabilität kann aber nicht dadurch verbessert werden, wenn z.B. auf beiden Seiten der vorgenannten Platte eine Schutzhaut vorgesehen ist, wie dies bei der zuvor genannten Entgegenhaltung vorgeschlagen wird.In a known heating element (CH-PS 389 116), a relatively thick metallic plate is provided, which is provided on the underside with a ceramic layer, to which layer resistance heating elements are in turn applied. As is known, especially when using cooking surface-forming plates which do not have sufficient flexural strength, in particular with thin metal plates, such as are used in cooking hobs, there is the risk of one-sided bending due to thermal stresses which become effective when the heating conductor track is heated in the plate material. In contrast to heating the heating surfaces by means of thermal radiation, the dimensional stability of the plate forming the cooking surface and thus the constant intimate connection between this plate and the heating conductor play a decisive role in so-called contact heating surfaces, i.e. when the heating surface is heated by means of heat conduction. If this plate bends, there is a fear that the heating conductor, which is inherently connected to the plate, will come loose and the heat conduction will deteriorate. However, an increase in the dimensional stability cannot be improved if, for example, on A protective skin is provided on both sides of the aforementioned plate, as is proposed in the aforementioned document.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Heizelement der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß sich eine hohe Formstabilität und eine gute Heizwirkung bei einfacher konstruktiver Ausgestaltung ergibt.The invention has for its object to design a heating element of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 so that there is a high dimensional stability and a good heating effect with a simple design.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die im Kennzeichnungsteil des Patentanspruches 1 aufgeführten Merkmale. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgenden Patentansprüchen.This object is achieved by the features listed in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention result from the following patent claims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Heizelement ist in besonderer Weise Vorsorge dafür getroffen, daß der Wärmedurchfluß-Widerstand zwischen den sehr flachen Heizleiterbahnen und der zu beheizenden Oberfläche sehr gering ist. Dies wird insb. erreicht durch entsprechend formstabile Ausgestaltung des Heizelementes als Folge der beidseitigen Beschichtung der metallischen Platte, begünstigt durch das Vorhandensein eines Reflektors. Vorteilhaft kann ein derartiges Heizelement angewendet werden für Kochgeräte, aber auch für andere thermische Hausgeräte wie z.B. für Warmhalteplatte, aber auch Geschirrspülmaschinen, Waschmaschinen oder dergleichen.In the heating element according to the invention, special precautions are taken to ensure that the heat flow resistance between the very flat heating conductor tracks and the surface to be heated is very low. This is achieved in particular through a correspondingly dimensionally stable design of the heating element as a result of the coating on both sides of the metallic plate, favored by the presence of a reflector. Such a heating element can advantageously be used for cooking appliances, but also for other thermal household appliances such as for hot plate, but also dishwashers, washing machines or the like.

In jedem Falle ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß durch die beidseitige keramische Beschichtung bei starker Erhitzung eine einseitige Verbiegung der metallischen Platte infolge von unsymmetrischen Wärmespannungen vermieden wird. Die unterste Deckschicht des sandwichartig aufgebauten Heizelementes kann als Reflektorschicht ausgebildet sein z.B. in Form einer aufemaillierten Metallschicht oder einer Metalloxidschicht.In any case, there is the advantage that the double-sided ceramic coating avoids one-sided bending of the metallic plate due to asymmetrical thermal stresses when heated to a great extent. The bottom one Cover layer of the sandwich-like heating element can be designed as a reflector layer, for example in the form of an enamelled metal layer or a metal oxide layer.

Die Erfindung ist anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen nachstehend erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.

Es zeigt

Fig. 1 und 2
eine erste Ausführungsform eines Heizelementes für Kochstellen in Draufsicht und Schnittansicht,
Fig. 3 bis 5
weitere Ausführungsbeispiele in vereinfachten Schnittdarstellungen.
It shows
1 and 2
a first embodiment of a heating element for hotplates in plan view and sectional view,
3 to 5
further embodiments in simplified sectional views.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 handelt es sich um ein kreisrundes Kochstellenheizelement, das unmittelbar oder mittelbar z.B. in Verbindung mit einer muldenplatte oder Glaskeramikplatte als Kochplattenheizung dienen kann. Es besitzt als Träger 1 eine ebene, glatte Stahlplatte aus einem bis ca. 700°C zunderbeständigen Material, die beidseitig mit Emailbeschichtungen 2 und 3 versehen ist. Dieser metallische Träger 1 ist mit einem nicht weiter dargestellten Schutzleiteranschluß versehen. Auf die Unterseite des Trägers 1 auf der Emailschicht 3 z.B. durch Einbrennen aufgebracht ist eine Dichtschicht-Heizleiterbahn 4 in nachstehend erläuterter geometrischer Anordnung. Hierauf bedarfsweise aufgebracht, ist eine ebenfalls isolierende Deckschicht 5. Diese Deckschicht 5 z.B. Glasschicht besitzt eine relativ hohe elektrische Durchschlagsfestigkeit bei 1250 V. An der Unterseite der Deckschicht 5 unmittelbar oder mit Abstand angebracht ist eine Reflektorschicht 6 z.B. in Form einer Metalloxydschicht, einer Metallfolie oder dergleichen. Im Zentrum ist ein Befestigungsbolzen 7 vorgesehen, der die vorgenannten Schichten durch- und überragt und am Träger 1 angeschweißt ist. Dieser Befestigungsbolzen 7 dient der mechanischen Befestigung des Kochstellenheizelementes z.B. in einer Kochmulde der eingangs erwähnten Art. Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, ist die Kochstellenfläche 8 unterteilt in zwei Heizzonen, und zwar in eine äußere Heizzone 9 und in eine innere Heizzone 10 sowie in eine innerste unbeheizte Zone 11 und eine äußerste unbeheizte Randzone 12. Die radiale Breite der Zonen 9, 10 und 11 entspricht etwa jeweils einem Drittel der radialen Breite der Kochstellenfläche 8. Die Heizleiterbahn 4 besitzt in der innersten unbeheizten Zone 11 Anschluß- oder Kontaktflächen 13 und innerhalb der inneren Heizzone 10 sowie innerhalb der äußeren Heizzone 9 insgesamt ringförmige Abschnitte 14 bzw. 15, die zueinader konzentrisch angeordnet sind und in welchen die Heizleiterbahn 4 mäanderartig verläuft. Wie die Figur zeigt, sind die Lücken 16 zwischen den Mäanderwindungen des Abschnittes 15 kleiner als die Lücken 17 zwischen den Mäanderwindungen des Abschnittes 14, während der Querschnitt sämtlicher Abschnitte stets gleich groß ist. Auf diese Weise ist die Heizwirkung des äußeren Abschnittes 15 (spezifische Heizflächenbelastung) größer als diejenige des inneren Abschnittes 14. Über Verbindungsabschnitte 18 stehen die beiden Abschnitte 14 und 15 miteinander in elektrischer Verbindung. Innerhalb der unbeheizten Randzone 12 ist ebenfalls als Dickschicht-Heizleiterbahn eine elektrische Meßwiderstandsbahn 19 auf dem Träger 1 aufgebracht mit elektrischen Anschluß- oder Kontaktflächen 2o in der innersten unbeheizten Zone 11. Mittels dieser Meßwiderstandsbahn, die z.B. aus reinem Nickel besteht und vorzugsweise einen Meßwiderstand von 300 bis 550 Ohm besteht wird die Temperatur des äußeren Abschnittes 15 der Heizleiterbahn 4 abgefühlt, wobei diese Meßwiderstandsbahn 19 an eine vorbestimmte Meßspannung angelegt sein kann und durch den bei unterschiedlicher Temperatur sich ändernden Widerstand unterschiedliche Stromstärken erhalten werden, die zur Steuerung oder Regelung der Heizleistung dienen kann. So besteht die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe dieser Meßwiderstandsbahn 19 einen Übertemperaturschutz zu schaffen, durch den sichergestellt wird, daß die thermische Heizflächenbelastung eine vorbestimmte kritische Temperatur nicht übersteigt. Als Material für die Heizleiterbahn 4 kann Wolfram oder Platin oder eine entsprechende Legierung verwendet werden, die in der Größenordnung bis 800°C zunderbeständig ist. Selbstverständlich besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, unterschiedliche Heizwirkungen in den unterschiedlichen Zonen durch Querschnittsveränderung der Heizleiterbahnen in diesen Zonen zu erhalten, wobei es fertigungstechnisch vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Schichtstärke sämtlicher Heizleiterbahnen-Abschnitte konstant ist. Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Heizleiterbahn so ausgestaltet ist, daß sie bei einem Durchmesser der Flcähe 8 von ungefähr 145mm etwa 9,7 W/qcm beträgt.The embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is a circular hotplate heating element which can be used directly or indirectly, for example in connection with a hob plate or glass ceramic plate, as hotplate heating. It has as carrier 1 a flat, smooth steel plate made of a scale-resistant material up to approx. 700 ° C., which is provided on both sides with enamel coatings 2 and 3. This metallic carrier 1 is provided with a protective conductor connection, not shown. A sealing layer heating conductor track 4 is applied to the underside of the carrier 1 on the enamel layer 3, for example by baking, in the geometric arrangement explained below. Applied to this as needed, there is also an insulating cover layer 5. This cover layer 5, for example a glass layer, has a relatively high dielectric strength at 1250 V. A reflector layer 6, for example in the form of a, is attached to the underside of the cover layer 5 directly or at a distance Metal oxide layer, a metal foil or the like. In the center, a fastening bolt 7 is provided which extends through and protrudes through the aforementioned layers and is welded to the carrier 1. This fastening bolt 7 is used for the mechanical fastening of the hotplate heating element, for example in a hob of the type mentioned at the beginning. As FIG. 1 shows, the hotplate surface 8 is divided into two heating zones, namely into an outer heating zone 9 and into an inner heating zone 10 and into an innermost one unheated zone 11 and an outermost unheated peripheral zone 12. The radial width of zones 9, 10 and 11 corresponds in each case to approximately one third of the radial width of the hotplate surface 8. The heating conductor track 4 has 11 connection or contact surfaces 13 in the innermost unheated zone and within that inner heating zone 10 and within the outer heating zone 9 a total of annular sections 14 and 15, which are arranged concentrically to each other and in which the heating conductor 4 runs in a meandering manner. As the figure shows, the gaps 16 between the meandering turns of section 15 are smaller than the gaps 17 between the meandering turns of section 14, while the cross section of all sections is always the same size. In this way, the heating effect of the outer section 15 (specific heating surface load) is greater than that of the inner section 14. The two sections 14 and 15 are in electrical connection with one another via connecting sections 18. Within the unheated edge zone 12, an electrical measuring resistor track 19 is also applied as a thick-film heating conductor track on the carrier 1 with electrical connection or contact surfaces 20 in the innermost unheated zone 11. By means of this measuring resistor track, which consists, for example, of pure nickel and preferably a measuring resistor of 300 The temperature of the outer section 15 of the heating conductor track 4 is up to 550 ohms sensed, this measuring resistor track 19 can be applied to a predetermined measuring voltage and different currents are obtained by the resistance changing at different temperature, which can be used to control or regulate the heating power. There is the possibility, with the aid of this measuring resistor track 19, of creating an overtemperature protection which ensures that the thermal heating surface load does not exceed a predetermined critical temperature. Tungsten or platinum or a corresponding alloy can be used as the material for the heating conductor track 4, which is scale-resistant in the order of magnitude up to 800 ° C. Of course, there is the possibility within the scope of the invention to obtain different heating effects in the different zones by changing the cross-section of the heating conductor tracks in these zones, it being advantageous in terms of production technology if the layer thickness of all heating conductor track sections is constant. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the heating conductor track is designed in such a way that it is approximately 9.7 W / qcm with a diameter of the surface 8 of approximately 145 mm.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 3 ist eine Stahlplatte 30 beidseitig mit Emailschichten 32 versehen. Auf die untere dieser Emailschichten sind die Heizleiterbahnen 4 aufgebracht und wiederum durch eine Email- oder Glasemailschicht abgedeckt. Durch diese symmetrische Beschichtung der Stahl- oder Blechplatte 30 verhindert man einen Verzug der Stahlplatte 30 bei starker Eerhitzung, d.h. bei Betrieb des Heizelementes.3, a steel plate 30 is provided on both sides with enamel layers 32. The heating conductor tracks 4 are applied to the lower of these enamel layers and are in turn covered by an enamel or glass enamel layer. This symmetrical coating of the steel or sheet metal plate 30 prevents warping of the steel plate 30 in the event of excessive heating, ie when the heating element is in operation.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Kochplatte, z.B. in Form einer Gußkochplatte 35, die in bekannter Weise auf einer Muldenplatte, z.B. aus Blech oder Glaskeramik oder Glas, befestigbar ist. Für den Fall, daß auf die untere Bodenfläche 38 der Gußkochplatte 35 unmittelbar Heizleiterbahnen 4 aufgebracht werden sollen, die Gußkochplatte 35 also unmittelbar als Tragelement dient, wird die Bodenfläche 38 mit einer Emailschicht versehen. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn man ein kohlestoffarmes Material für die Gußkochplatte 35 verwendet, um den Emailliervorgang zu erleichtern. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, unmittelbar auf die Bodenfläche 38 ohne Emailschicht ein Heizelement 37 der vorbeschriebenen Art aufzubringen, z.B. anzukleben oder in nicht weiter dargestellter Weise zu verklemmen.Fig. 4 shows a hotplate, e.g. in the form of a cast hotplate 35, which in a known manner on a trough plate, e.g. made of sheet metal or glass ceramic or glass, can be attached. In the event that heating conductor tracks 4 are to be applied directly to the lower base surface 38 of the cast-iron hotplate 35, ie the cast-iron hotplate 35 is used directly as a supporting element, the base surface 38 is provided with an enamel layer. It is advantageous here if a low-carbon material is used for the cast-iron hotplate 35 in order to facilitate the enamelling process. However, there is also the possibility of applying a heating element 37 of the type described above directly to the floor surface 38 without an enamel layer, e.g. to stick or jam in a manner not shown.

Selbstverständlich besteht auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel die Mögklichkeit, an der Unterseite noch einen Reflektor in der beschriebenen Weise anzubringen. Auch hier handelt es sich, wie bei den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen um eine in sich stabile sandwichartige Baueinheit.Of course, in this embodiment there is also the possibility of attaching a reflector on the underside in the manner described. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, this is also a sandwich-like structural unit that is stable in itself.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 5 soll an der Unterseite einer Glaskeramikplatte 44 ein Heizelement 37 der vorbeschriebenen Art angebracht sein. Um die Unebenheiten an der Unterseite der Glaskeramikplatte 44 auszugleichen, dient eine gut wärmeleitende Zwischenschicht 45, z.B. aus Aluminium, auf die erst das Heizelement 37 satt aufgebracht ist.5, a heating element 37 of the type described above is to be attached to the underside of a glass ceramic plate 44. In order to compensate for the unevenness on the underside of the glass ceramic plate 44, a good heat-conducting intermediate layer 45, e.g. made of aluminum, on which the heating element 37 is applied.

Claims (5)

  1. Heating element for thermal domestic appliances, in particular for cooking places, with a metallic heating surface (1, 30, 35), which carries at least one heating conductor track (4) constructed in flat conductor technique and stands in close thermal contact with the stock to be heated, wherein the heating conductor track is provided at one or both sides with an electrically insulating coating, characterised thereby, that the heating element consists of several layers one connected with the other in the manner of a sandwich, wherein a metallic plate (1; 30; 35) forming the heating surface displays a ceramic coating (2, 3; 32), preferably an enamel coating, at both sides, is firmly connected with the heating conductor track (4) and provided with a reflector (6).
  2. Heating element according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the plate is formed as cast-iron cooking plate (35) consisting of enamellable low carbon material.
  3. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that the plate is constructed as sheet metal trough displaying several heating surfaces.
  4. Heating element according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that it is firmly connected with a glass ceramic plate (44).
  5. Heating element according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that an intermediate layer (45), which is a good thermal conductor and compensates for unevenesses, is arranged between the heating element and the glass ceramic plate (44).
EP86116386A 1985-12-20 1986-11-25 Heating element for household appliances, especially for cookers Expired - Lifetime EP0229928B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3545442 1985-12-20
DE19853545442 DE3545442A1 (en) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 HEATING ELEMENT FOR THERMAL HOME APPLIANCES, ESPECIALLY FOR COOKING POINTS

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229928A2 EP0229928A2 (en) 1987-07-29
EP0229928A3 EP0229928A3 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0229928B1 true EP0229928B1 (en) 1992-06-17

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EP86116386A Expired - Lifetime EP0229928B1 (en) 1985-12-20 1986-11-25 Heating element for household appliances, especially for cookers

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US (1) US4843218A (en)
EP (1) EP0229928B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3545442A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0229928A2 (en) 1987-07-29
EP0229928A3 (en) 1988-03-09
DE3545442C2 (en) 1991-05-29
US4843218A (en) 1989-06-27
DE3685741D1 (en) 1992-07-23
DE3545442A1 (en) 1987-06-25

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