EP0226687A1 - Verfahren zum Färben von Materialbahnen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Färben von Materialbahnen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0226687A1 EP0226687A1 EP19850420219 EP85420219A EP0226687A1 EP 0226687 A1 EP0226687 A1 EP 0226687A1 EP 19850420219 EP19850420219 EP 19850420219 EP 85420219 A EP85420219 A EP 85420219A EP 0226687 A1 EP0226687 A1 EP 0226687A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- dye
- suction
- stencil
- article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
- D06B1/02—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by spraying or projecting
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
- D06B5/02—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through moving materials of indefinite length
- D06B5/08—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through moving materials of indefinite length through fabrics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for embellishing by dyeing fabrics such as fabrics, knits, nonwovens or similar articles in the form of a breathable sheet; it also relates to a device allowing the implementation of this process.
- the most commonly used solution consists of using a thickener.
- FR-A-2 319 433 has also been proposed (as well as to a certain extent in FR-A-2 420 432) embellishment methods by coloring fabrics or similar products which consist in laying flat the article to be embellished, subjected to a suction and to project the dye against the surface by means of nozzles.
- the dye is delivered in the form of liquid jets or in the form of spraying.
- the jet the nozzle is as close as possible to the fabric and the printing dispenses with stencil.
- a stencil is used which allows only finely drawn drawings on thick supports (carpet), this because of the propensity that a liquid has to fuse.
- the method according to the invention consists in flattening the fabric to be embellished, in producing a suction under this fabric and in projecting the coloring matter against its surface by means of nozzles and it is characterized by the fact that the coloring material is sprayed against the surface of the fabric in the form of a vaporized or atomized mist making it possible to obtain an extremely fine or even molecular fragmentation of the dye, thus preventing the latter from wetting the fabric, the particles being sufficiently small to be dried instantly upon laur contact with said fabric and this, under the combined effect of their smallness and the violent suction, suction which allows the dye to penetrate to the heart in the fabric, to evacuate the excess as well as conveying it in its path in the open air between the outlet of the nozzle and the fabric.
- a thickener into the dye, and using it in the liquid state, optionally in the form of a jet obtained by means of a nozzle.
- it is vaporized (or atomized) in the form of a mist, that is to say in a state of extremely fine, even molecular fragmentation of the dyes, which makes it possible to apply it to the fabric, also thanks to the suction produced below the latter, without it diffuses on the surface while penetrating to the core and this, without significantly wetting it, the air current produced by suction, which also allows said dye mist to be transported and controlled.
- the fabric When the dye is deposited, the fabric can be kept either fixed or, on the contrary, be moved at a constant speed or not.
- the power of the suction exerted under the fabric during the dye deposition phase will depend on the material to be treated and more particularly on the porosity that it presents.
- This suction must be adjusted not only to produce a very large vacuum but also to cause a large flow of air through the article.
- the depression will, depending on the article to be printed, be equivalent to ten to a thousand millimeters of water column and will have to produce an air flow of between 2000 and 5000 m3 per hour.
- the suction will be adjusted to allow, not only to press the fabric on the support and possibly the stencil if it exists, but also to channel the mist of atomized dye on its path between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface of the 'fabric.
- the suction turbine will have a capacity proportional to the surface of the fabric to be treated and must allow, as said previously, not only to create a strong vacuum below the article but also to cause a large air flow through the article.
- This flow will depend on various parameters, namely in particular the texture or density of the fabric as well as the surface left free by the shutter or the stencil used; this flow rate must be sufficient not only to make the dye penetrate inside the fabric but also to channel the mist of vaporized or atomized dye between the outlet of the nozzles and the surface of the fabric.
- Maintaining and positioning the fabric on the table top can be achieved in different ways.
- the fabric can be rolled up on one side to unroll on the other side of the printing table.
- - either the fabric is itself the object of traction - Either the traction (intermittently or continuously advancing) is carried out by means of a conveyor belt (made up of a fabric like a sieve cloth) on which the fabric will be conveyed.
- the synchronization system could be much more mechanical since the treadmill is not subject to any distention.
- These airbrushes can produce variable vaporizations in density and concentration, either by diameter of the nozzles used, either by changing the dye / air parameter.
- such airbrushes include a compressed air line, a dye supply line, an opening and closing valve and a flow control system.
- these airbrushes will be used in the form of ramps made up of a set of fixed or removable airbrushes positioned on a support.
- the outputs of the airbrushes will, in accordance with the invention, be placed at a relatively large distance from the surface of the fabric to be decorated, this distance being at least of the order of five centimeters but advantageously being between ten and fifty centimeters.
- each airbrush being moreover supplied by one or more dye ducts (or of various other products), these ducts being able to be alternately closed or opened by means of a system of suitable valves, to allow an instant change of colors or products.
- the arrival of cleaning products from a purge and air intake system facilitates the various operations necessary for their simultaneity.
- the various controls for air intake, opening, closing of airbrushes, permutation of dyes or products, opening and closing of solenoid valves can be carried out either mechanically or by an appropriate electronic system (process computerization).
- the adjustment of the flow rate depends on the work to be carried out.
- the arrangement of airbrushes can be achieved in different ways.
- the airbrushes can be aligned (say linear position), a determined number of airbrushes being juxtaposed at variable or fixed distances on the same axis.
- the airbrushes can be arranged independently or in a group, each having autonomy of movement on a given plane.
- the two forms can be multiplied and / or combined.
- the two aforementioned provisions make it possible to fulfill different functions.
- these two arrangements can also have in addition to their horizontal movements a vertical displacement.
- the installation according to the invention can be used to distribute dyes directly on the fabric to be decorated, it can also be used in association with a frame or stencil, placed between the dye source. and the surface of the fabric, said frame or stencil having a pattern to be reproduced.
- the stencil can take different forms which may correspond to different uses.
- the stencil consists of a frame on which is stretched a fabric made up of large meshes (one or two millimeters at most) whose threads are as fine as possible, this fabric having the characteristic of offering the least resistance possible to the air.
- the motif to be reproduced is produced using existing photogravure methods.
- the stencil can be in the form of loose sheets used in the case of a winding system.
- the stencils can also be in the form of rotating cylinders, for example in the case of continuous printing.
- they can also be in the form of more or less long bands, fixed or circular, said bands then being scrolled.
- the device allowing the implementation of the methods according to the invention essentially consists of a table (1) on the plate (2) of which the fabric (3) is disposed. decorate.
- This fabric (3) comes from a food roller (4) and is wound, after decoration, on a winding roller (5) disposed on the other side of the table (1).
- the passage of the fabric (3) on the table (1) can be done either step by step, or at constant speed, or at progressive speed.
- the table top (2) of the table (1) comprises, at least in the zone corresponding to that where the colored pattern is to be produced, a part (6) permeable to air.
- the entire surface of the table can be breathable in which case an additional cover (7) can be used to mask the areas outside the printed pattern.
- the table (1) is in the form of a sealed box subjected to the action of a suction system making it possible to create a depression on the surface of the plate (2).
- This suction system can be constituted by a turbine (not shown) whose capacity is proportional to the surface of the fabric to be colored and the flow rate of which can be modified as a function of the texture or density of the fabric and the surface of the decoration to be made, surface possibly delimited by an additional shutter (7).
- an assembly designated by the general reference (8) which will be, in the following description, designated by the expression "dye dispensing head” and which consists essentially of a plurality of nozzles (9) and formed in the present case of airbrushes of known type, making it possible to project said dye in the vaporized (or atomized) state against the surface of the fabric (3).
- the dye is sprayed directly against the surface of the fabric (3).
- the dye dispensing head (8) comprises a plurality of fixed airbrushes (9), arranged in line (see FIG. 9) transversely to the fabric (3) which itself travels at constant speed.
- the suction table being in operation, it is possible, in this embodiment, to obtain, by the diffusion of the coloring spray, a base dye of perfect unison. This coloration can vary as a function of the speed of movement of the fabric, the intensity of the spray jet, the height at which the ramp (9) is positioned relative to the surface of the fabric, by feeding the airbrushes themselves. (9) by dye, these airbrushes being able to individually receive one or more dyes with simultaneous change.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of a device according to the invention, variant according to which one or more additional stencils (10) will be interposed between the dye dispensing head (8) and the surface of the fabric (3).
- the dye dispensing head also consists of a ramp of airbrushes (9), removable, arranged in line and covering the entire width of the fabric.
- the dye distribution head (8) is adjustable in height.
- Each airbrush (9) is individually supplied with dyes.
- a drying blower (11 blowing hot or cold air is also provided on said dispensing head (8).
- the airbrushes (9) being arranged in a removable manner (that is to say spacable according to precise and modifiable intervals) on an appropriate support, this ramp being itself arranged transversely with respect to the fabric (3) which runs at constant speed, it is possible to obtain continuous stripes, either by using one or more stencils (10) having stripes in the longitudinal direction or even, possibly, even by removing the stencil (10), the airbrushes ( 9) then being arranged at given intervals and the spray jets can be more or less refined, either by varying their intensity, or by modifying the height of the dispensing head (8). These two systems can be used concomitantly, thus making it possible to obtain continuous stripes of great complexity, both in terms of design and coloring.
- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate respectively in transverse and longitudinal view a variant according to the invention in which the dye dispensing head (8) comprises a plurality of airbrushes (9) arranged in spikes as shown in the figure 10.
- the device also comprises a suction table (1) and an adjustable shutter (7).
- the device comprises a complex winding system allowing: - the advancement of the fabric kept straight; - its stopping by mechanical, optical, electronic tracking (a robotization socket being provided), - the turbine voltage and suction keep it fixed in its position during the different printing phases.
- the stencil (10) can, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, be in the form of frame or, optionally, in the form of free sheet.
- the stencil When the stencil is in the form of a frame, the latter will be adapted to a mechanism which systematically and alternately positions them at a predetermined location, this in order to reconstitute the same drawing broken down into several stencils requiring meticulous location.
- these In the event that continuous sheets are used as stencils, these, adapted on a winding system, scroll above the fabric to position themselves in a predetermined location.
- the dye dispensing head is made up of a plurality of airbrushes (10 in this case), arranged in spikes as shown in detail in Figure 10.
- Each airbrush is supplied individually with dyes as well as a cleaning product and has a drain allowing its rapid cleaning.
- the controls for opening and closing aerographs are controlled remotely, mechanically or electronically.
- a programming unit, memory and multiple orders, given to these airbrushes, is provided.
- This spray element is inscribed in a structure moving horizontally above the stencil in a longitudinal, transverse movement, and its compounds (movement of report (XY). This movement takes place mechanically.
- a command, memorization and order programming unit is incorporated. A low / high adjustment can be made depending on the intensity of the vaporization that one wants to obtain.
- the fabric (3) scrolls intermittently on the plate (2) of the table (1). This fabric (3) being immobilized, the appropriate stencil is positioned. This being done, the suction produced by the turbine is controlled.
- the operator or the automation control member activates the opening control of the airbrush corresponding to the dye to be dispensed and, simultaneously, orders the movement (XY ratio) of the dye distribution ramp to position the spray and color exactly where desired.
- several airbrushes (9) can be simultaneously or alternately actuated.
- the function of such a possibility is to allow the use of several dyes for the same stencil and to offer the possibility of degrading the colors between them, or even of composing new colors.
- the dye is sprayed against the surface of the screen.
- the suction system not only keeps the fabric (3) perfectly pressed, but, and this is what is its first function, forces the dye to pass through the voids in the stencil, to penetrate the fiber at its heart, while evacuating the surplus.
- the deposition of dye in accordance with the invention in the form of a vaporized (or atomized) mist it can however be envisaged, in particular depending on the hygrometric degree of the workshop where the treatment is carried out, add to the installation a turbine pulsating air, hot or cold, directed at the very place where the dye is deposited on the choir and this, to promote instant drying of the latter.
- the spraying of dye is stopped and the positioning of the second stencil is accomplished after stopping or reducing the suction action. It should be noted that, in accordance with the invention, there is no drying time.
- FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- this device is characterized by the fact that it comprises a conveyor belt (12) consisting, for example, of a fabric like a sieve cloth, with large mesh allowing the passage of air.
- This conveyor belt (12) is driven by a mechanism allowing it to advance or stop in a precise and systematic manner.
- the fabric (3) is conveyed by said conveyor belt (12) and is kept pressed against the latter by the suction produced inside the table (1).
- each frame (10a, 10b, 10c) there is a drying system (11a, 11b, 11c) as well as a line of airbrushes (9a, 9b, 9c) covering the width of the frame and driven in a horizontal, longitudinal or transverse movement.
- Each airbrush is supplied individually with dyes.
- the dye dispensing head (8) thus produced can also receive a vertical adjustment.
- the fabric (3) With the suction table running, the fabric (3) is secured to the conveyor belt (12) which carries it in a defined, precise and programmable movement.
- the stencils (10a, 10b, 10c) constitute the whole of the drawing to be printed and are positioned according to a specific locating to reconstitute, once the various phases of printing carried out, the initial drawing.
- the fabric (3) taken, between the stencils (10a, 10b, 10c) and the conveyor belt (12) advances intermittently at regular intervals and comes, by this movement, to position successively under the different stencils. Consequently, the stencil (10b) will be superimposed on the printing of the stencil (10a), then the stencil (10c) will in turn be superimposed on the printing of the stencils (10a) and (10b).
- each scan may be composed of one color or as many colors as desired.
- Each airbrush can, in the same movement, distribute as many colors as its supply allows, the process of course being subject to computerization of the data.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of a device according to the invention, a variant which can be compared to the example described above and illustrated by FIG. 5, except that the stencils (10a, 10b, 10c) are are in the form of a cylinder or more or less long and circular bands.
- the dye dispensing heads (8) are arranged inside the cylinders formed by the stencils (10a, 10b, 10c).
- the distribution heads (8) include also, as before, means for drying the stencils.
- the fabric (3) is conveyed by the conveyor belt (12) and is kept pressed against the latter by the suction table (1).
- the stencils (10a, 10b, 10c) of cylindrical shape are pressed against the fabric by the same suction phenomenon and are therefore driven in the same movement.
- the airbrush (9) proper comprises an air inlet (20) as well as a system (21) for adjusting the spray rate.
- This airbrush is associated with a robotization member (22) for actuating the opening or closing.
- the dye supply is, in this embodiment, carried out by through a conduit (23) opening into the base of the airbrush (9) and which can be supplied either by means of a determined dye (24) or by means of a second dye (25), or with a cleaning product (26).
- Valves (28,29,30) are provided depending on the product to be introduced inside the airbrush.
- a purge (30) is also provided, this purge duct (30) also comprising a valve (31). It is therefore possible, thus using a single airbrush, to have it deliver different dyes.
- any other device making it possible to cause vaporization or atomization of the dye could be used.
- the table supporting the material has a flat surface, it could be envisaged to give it a convex shape.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8409267A FR2565607B1 (fr) | 1984-06-08 | 1984-06-08 | Procede d'embellissement par coloration d'etoffes ou articles similaires et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
EP19850420219 EP0226687B1 (de) | 1985-12-06 | 1985-12-06 | Verfahren zum Färben von Materialbahnen |
DE8585420219T DE3579818D1 (de) | 1985-12-06 | 1985-12-06 | Verfahren zum faerben von materialbahnen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19850420219 EP0226687B1 (de) | 1985-12-06 | 1985-12-06 | Verfahren zum Färben von Materialbahnen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0226687A1 true EP0226687A1 (de) | 1987-07-01 |
EP0226687B1 EP0226687B1 (de) | 1990-09-19 |
Family
ID=8194574
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19850420219 Expired - Lifetime EP0226687B1 (de) | 1984-06-08 | 1985-12-06 | Verfahren zum Färben von Materialbahnen |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0226687B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3579818D1 (de) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2632663A1 (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-15 | Papapietro Bernard | Method for embellishing fabrics or similar articles by colouring, and device for implementing it |
US5711994A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-01-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Treated nonwoven fabrics |
WO2001032971A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-02 | 2001-05-10 | Zhaocheng Jiang | Dispositif de coloration en continu par pulverisation permettant d'atteindre des vitesse elevees comprenant une ouverture et un organe vibratoire d'ecoulement d'air |
CN112921539A (zh) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-08 | 杭州宏鹰数码科技有限公司 | 用于高绒织物数码印花前处理的雾化喷淋上浆装置及方法 |
CN113062134A (zh) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-02 | 杭州宏鹰数码科技有限公司 | 一种拉舍尔毛毯数码喷墨印花方法 |
CN113737413A (zh) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-03 | 东纶科技实业有限公司 | 超柔擦拭水刺无纺布的加工装置及方法 |
CN117005123A (zh) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-11-07 | 佛山市南海利致牛仔布有限公司 | 一种效率高的多功能浆染设备 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE885534C (de) * | 1951-05-20 | 1953-08-06 | Briem Hengler & Cronemeyer K G | Vorrichtung zum Appretieren von Stoffbahnen |
GB1059341A (en) * | 1962-07-28 | 1967-02-15 | Whitehead Chemical Company | A method and apparatus for causing penetration of a substance into a porous material |
FR2319433A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-28 | 1977-02-25 | Procede et dispositif pour la reproduction de dessins sur un article, en particulier en forme de bande, ainsi que buse d'injection | |
FR2420432A1 (fr) * | 1978-03-20 | 1979-10-19 | Brueckner Apparatebau Gmbh | Procede et machine pour imprimer une bande transportee pas a pas |
DE2932124A1 (de) * | 1979-08-08 | 1981-02-26 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auftragen von praeparationen auf warenbahnen |
DE3305907A1 (de) * | 1983-02-21 | 1984-08-30 | Anton Cramer GmbH & Co KG, 4402 Greven | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anzeichnen von gasdurchlaessigen stoff- und anderen warenbahnen, insbesondere zum automatischen anzeichnen in einer anzeichnungsstation |
FR2565607A1 (fr) * | 1984-06-08 | 1985-12-13 | Papapietro Bernard | Procede d'embellissement par coloration d'etoffes ou articles similaires et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
-
1985
- 1985-12-06 DE DE8585420219T patent/DE3579818D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-06 EP EP19850420219 patent/EP0226687B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE885534C (de) * | 1951-05-20 | 1953-08-06 | Briem Hengler & Cronemeyer K G | Vorrichtung zum Appretieren von Stoffbahnen |
GB1059341A (en) * | 1962-07-28 | 1967-02-15 | Whitehead Chemical Company | A method and apparatus for causing penetration of a substance into a porous material |
FR2319433A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-28 | 1977-02-25 | Procede et dispositif pour la reproduction de dessins sur un article, en particulier en forme de bande, ainsi que buse d'injection | |
FR2420432A1 (fr) * | 1978-03-20 | 1979-10-19 | Brueckner Apparatebau Gmbh | Procede et machine pour imprimer une bande transportee pas a pas |
DE2932124A1 (de) * | 1979-08-08 | 1981-02-26 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auftragen von praeparationen auf warenbahnen |
DE3305907A1 (de) * | 1983-02-21 | 1984-08-30 | Anton Cramer GmbH & Co KG, 4402 Greven | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anzeichnen von gasdurchlaessigen stoff- und anderen warenbahnen, insbesondere zum automatischen anzeichnen in einer anzeichnungsstation |
FR2565607A1 (fr) * | 1984-06-08 | 1985-12-13 | Papapietro Bernard | Procede d'embellissement par coloration d'etoffes ou articles similaires et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2632663A1 (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-15 | Papapietro Bernard | Method for embellishing fabrics or similar articles by colouring, and device for implementing it |
US5711994A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-01-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Treated nonwoven fabrics |
WO2001032971A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-02 | 2001-05-10 | Zhaocheng Jiang | Dispositif de coloration en continu par pulverisation permettant d'atteindre des vitesse elevees comprenant une ouverture et un organe vibratoire d'ecoulement d'air |
CN112921539A (zh) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-08 | 杭州宏鹰数码科技有限公司 | 用于高绒织物数码印花前处理的雾化喷淋上浆装置及方法 |
CN113062134A (zh) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-02 | 杭州宏鹰数码科技有限公司 | 一种拉舍尔毛毯数码喷墨印花方法 |
CN112921539B (zh) * | 2021-03-24 | 2023-08-18 | 杭州宏鹰数码科技有限公司 | 用于高绒织物数码印花前处理的雾化喷淋上浆装置及方法 |
CN113737413A (zh) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-03 | 东纶科技实业有限公司 | 超柔擦拭水刺无纺布的加工装置及方法 |
CN113737413B (zh) * | 2021-09-09 | 2024-01-23 | 东纶科技实业有限公司 | 超柔擦拭水刺无纺布的加工装置及方法 |
CN117005123A (zh) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-11-07 | 佛山市南海利致牛仔布有限公司 | 一种效率高的多功能浆染设备 |
CN117005123B (zh) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-05 | 佛山市南海利致牛仔布有限公司 | 一种效率高的多功能浆染设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3579818D1 (de) | 1990-10-25 |
EP0226687B1 (de) | 1990-09-19 |
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