EP0225339A1 - Commutating machine, particularly small motor for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Commutating machine, particularly small motor for motor vehicles

Info

Publication number
EP0225339A1
EP0225339A1 EP86902800A EP86902800A EP0225339A1 EP 0225339 A1 EP0225339 A1 EP 0225339A1 EP 86902800 A EP86902800 A EP 86902800A EP 86902800 A EP86902800 A EP 86902800A EP 0225339 A1 EP0225339 A1 EP 0225339A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
poles
ring
auxiliary
web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86902800A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rainer Corbach
Adolf Mohr
Berthold Utsch
Kurt Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0225339A1 publication Critical patent/EP0225339A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • Commutator machine in particular small motor for motor vehicles
  • the invention relates to a commutator machine, in particular a small motor for vehicles, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such commutator machines show a series connection behavior due to the existing soft iron auxiliary poles, which makes them unsuitable for use as a drive otcr for starters in motor vehicles or for blowers of vacuum cleaners.
  • Pole shifts can occur. Such a pole shift would mean a widening of the scatter band of the brush rotation, particularly in the case of commutator machines with a large number of poles. Deviations from the optimum brush rotation but result in increased brush wear (too large twisting angle) or to aeksgrad ⁇ deterioration (in 'to a small twisting angle).
  • the described structural fastening of the permanent magnet poles in the known commutator machine is, however, very complex to assemble and not suitable for large-scale construction.
  • the commutator machine according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that no special supporting elements, such as, for example, compression springs, have to be installed for fastening the permanent magnetic poles.
  • the permanent magnets only need to be inserted between the auxiliary poles and the ring thickenings.
  • the permanent magnets then adhere to the return ring by their own magnetic force.
  • the press of the torque formed reaction forces the permanent magnets against the auxiliary poles.
  • the forces resulting from the transverse armature field act in a weakened form on the permanent magnets in the area of the auxiliary poles as tensile forces directed towards the armature and in the area of the ring thickenings as pressure forces directed towards the yoke ring.
  • a torque thus acts on each permanent magnet, which attempts to rotate it about its axis in the direction of the rotor, which coincides with the side edge of the permanent magnet facing the ring thickening and facing the ring thickening.
  • Such rotation of the permanent magnets is prevented by the surface support of the permanent magnets on the respective auxiliary pole.
  • the ring thickenings secure the permanent magnet poles against radial displacement in the circumferential direction of the return ring, which could be caused, for example, by vibrations when used in a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a commutator motor, partly in section,
  • Fig. 3 each a top view of auxiliary and 4 permanent magnet pole in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 2 according to two others. Execution examples. Description of the embodiments
  • the permanent magnet-excited small motor shown in FIG. 1 as an example of a commutator machine for a starter of a motor vehicle has a rotor or armature winding 10
  • the stator 12 carries on an yoke ring 13, which is integral with the motor housing 14 here, an even number 2 p - here six (FIG. 2) - of permanent magnetic poles 15 offset by the same circumferential angle.
  • Each permanent magnet pole 15 is approximately bowl-shaped Magnetic segment with a cylindrical segment-shaped cross-section, the outer arc diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the yoke ring 13.
  • the yoke ring 13 also carries one of the number of. Permanent magnet poles 15 corresponding number of - here six - auxiliary poles 16, which are integral with the return ring 13.
  • Each auxiliary pole 16 is assigned to a permanent magnet pole 15 and on its relative, the direction of rotation of the rotor, the radially extending side 17 carrying the run-up is arranged.
  • the yoke ring 13 On the opposite side 18 of the permanent magnet poles 15 in the direction of rotation of the rotor 11, the yoke ring 13 carries ring bulges 19 which radially bulge out towards the rotor and serve as supporting elements for the permanent magnet poles 15 in such a way that each between a ring thickening 19 and a permanent magnet pole 15 inserted into an auxiliary pole 16 with its side 17 against the radial side flank 20 of the auxiliary pole 16 facing it in a form-fitting manner and slightly pressed.
  • the one-piece ring thickenings 19 with the yoke ring 13 can be used as webs, noses, warts and the like. be trained.
  • the ring thickenings 19, which can be seen in cross section in FIG. 2, are designed as webs which widen towards the base of the web and extend over a substantial part of the axial length of the yoke ring 13.
  • the radial web height is dimensioned much smaller than the radial thickness of the permanent magnet poles 15.
  • the web spacing to the associated auxiliary pole 16 and the arc length of the respective permanent magnet pole 15 are matched to one another in such a way that the radial web axis is aligned with the radially extending side surface 18 of the permanent magnet pole 15.
  • each permanent magnet pole 15 is chamfered in such a way that the side edge 18a of the side surface 18 resting on the yoke ring 13 is supported on the web flank in the web base.
  • This configuration of ring thickening 19 and permanent magnet 15 ' can be swiveled in very easily between auxiliary pole 16 and ring thickening 19, after which it automatically holds onto the return ring 13 due to its magnetic force.
  • Auxiliary pole 16 and ring thickening 19 on the one hand prevent the permanent magnet pole 15 from shifting in the circumferential direction of the yoke ring 13 and on the other hand prevent the permanent magnet 5 pole 15 from being pivoted about its side edge 18a in the direction of the rotor 11 by the forces of the armature transverse field.
  • Axial displacement of the permanent magnet poles 15 is prevented by an annular projection 21 (FIG. 1) ⁇ arranged on the yoke ring 13 and integral therewith, against which the permanent magnet poles 15 rest with one of their end faces 22 extending transversely to the axial direction.
  • the permanent magnet poles 15 ' can overlap the auxiliary poles 16' on their two end faces 23 ', 24' running transversely to the axial direction, or vice versa, as 4, the auxiliary poles 16 "overlap the permanent magnetic poles 15" on their two end faces 22 ", 25" extending transversely to the axial direction in a positive manner in the axial direction.
  • the return ring is in
  • the commutator which rotates rigidly with the rotor 11 in a known manner is designated by 26 in FIG. 1.
  • the commutator 26 designed here as a drum collector is electrically connected to the armature winding 10.
  • a brush holder 27 fastened to the housing 14 carries a brush attachment of six commutator brushes 28, which are offset by the same circumferential angle and grind on the commutator 26.
  • the yoke ring 13 and the auxiliary poles 16 are expediently as a one-piece sintered molded part made of a high-purity, highly compressible iron powder, e.g. Sint Do2, manufactured to the exact shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

La machine à collecteur à excitation par aimant permanent, consistant en particulier en un petit moteur pour véhicule à moteur, présente des pôles auxiliaires (16) en fer doux portés par l'armature (13) du stator afin d'obtenir un comportement de montage série. Les aimants permanents (15) sont disposés sur l'armature (13) par leur surface extérieure cintrée et s'appuient latéralement d'une part sur la surface latérale des pôles auxiliaires (16) et d'autre part sur un élément de support porté par l'armature. Afin de réaliser une fixation des aimants permanents appropriée à la fabrication en grande série, les éléments de support sont formés d'épaississements (19) bombés radialement vers l'intérieur venus d'une pièce avec l'armature. Le montage est effectué par simple placement des aimants permanents (15) entre les pôles auxiliaires et les épaississements correspondants (19). Les aimants sont ainsi maintenus de manière sûre contre tout déplacement dans la direction de la périphérie de l'armature (13) et contre une rotation vers l'intérieur.The permanent magnet excitation collector machine, especially consisting of a small motor for motor vehicle, has soft iron auxiliary poles (16) carried by the stator armature (13) in order to achieve mounting behavior series. The permanent magnets (15) are arranged on the frame (13) by their curved outer surface and are supported laterally on the one hand on the lateral surface of the auxiliary poles (16) and on the other hand on a supported support element. by the frame. In order to achieve a fixing of the permanent magnets suitable for mass production, the support elements are formed of thickenings (19) domed radially inwardly coming from one piece with the frame. The assembly is carried out by simply placing the permanent magnets (15) between the auxiliary poles and the corresponding thickenings (19). The magnets are thus held securely against displacement in the direction of the periphery of the frame (13) and against inward rotation.

Description

- . - -. -
Kommutatorrαaschine, insbesondere Kleinmotor für KraftfahrzeugeCommutator machine, in particular small motor for motor vehicles
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Kommutatormaschine, insbesondere einem Kleinmotor für Kra tfahrzeuge, nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a commutator machine, in particular a small motor for vehicles, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Solche Kommutatormaschinen zeigen aufgrund der vorhandenen Weicheisen-Hilfspole ein Reihenschlußverhalten, das sie für den Einsatz als Antriebs otcr für Starter in Kraft- fahrzeugen oder für Gebläse von Staubsaugern ungeeignet macht.Such commutator machines show a series connection behavior due to the existing soft iron auxiliary poles, which makes them unsuitable for use as a drive otcr for starters in motor vehicles or for blowers of vacuum cleaners.
Bei einer bekannten Kommutatormaschine dieser Art (US-PS 3 594 599) sind die Weicheisen-Hilfspole mit Schraubbolzen an dem Rückschlußring befestigt und die Permanentmagnetpole auf der von den Hilfspolen abgekehrten Seite mittels Andr ckfedern arretiert, die an dem Rückschlußring befestigt sind und die Permanentmagnetpole gegen den jeweils zugeordneten Hilfs- pol anpressen. Eine solche Arretierung der Perma¬ nentmagnetpole ist für deren Positionierung erfor¬ derlich, damit im Betrieb der Kommutatormaschine nicht durch Flieh- und Ankerquerfeldkräfte und im Stillstand der Kommutatormaschine nicht durch Erschütte- rungen, z.B. beimEinbau im Kraftfahrzeug,In a known commutator machine of this type (US Pat. No. 3,594,599) the soft iron auxiliary poles are fastened to the return ring with screw bolts and the Permanent magnet poles are locked on the side facing away from the auxiliary poles by means of pressure springs which are fastened to the return ring and press the permanent magnet poles against the respectively assigned auxiliary pole. Such locking of the permanent magnet poles is necessary for their positioning, so that during operation of the commutator machine not by centrifugal and armature transverse field forces and when the commutator machine is at a standstill not caused by vibrations, for example when installed in a motor vehicle,
Polverschiebungen auftreten können. Eine solche Polverschiebung würde insbesondere bei Kommutator- maschinen mit großer Polzahl eine Verbreiterung des Streubandes der Bürstenverdrehung bedeuten. Abwei- chungen von der optimalen Bürstenverdrehung führen aber zu einem erhöhten Bürstenverschleiß (bei zu großem Verdrehwinkel) oder zu einer Wirkungsgrad¬ verschlechterung (bei' zu kleinem Verdrehwinkel) . Die beschriebene konstruktive Befestigung der Permanentmagnetpole bei der bekannten Kommutatormaschine ist jedoch sehr montageaufwendig und für den Großserien¬ bau nicht geeignet.Pole shifts can occur. Such a pole shift would mean a widening of the scatter band of the brush rotation, particularly in the case of commutator machines with a large number of poles. Deviations from the optimum brush rotation but result in increased brush wear (too large twisting angle) or to a Wirkungsgrad¬ deterioration (in 'to a small twisting angle). The described structural fastening of the permanent magnet poles in the known commutator machine is, however, very complex to assemble and not suitable for large-scale construction.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Kommutatormaschine mit den kenn- zeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß für die Befestigung der Permanent¬ magnetpole keine besonderen Abstützelemente, wie z.B. Druckfedern, montiert werden müssen. Die Permanent¬ magnete brauchen lediglich zwischen die Hilfspole und die Ringverdickungen eingesetzt zu werden. Die Permanent¬ magnete halten sich danach durch ihre eigene Magnetkraft am Rückschlußring. Im Betrieb drücken die vom Drehmoment gebildeten Reaktionskräfte die Permanentmagnete gegen die Hilfspole. Die aus dem Ankerquerfeld resultierende Kräfte wirken in abgeschwächter Form auf die Permanent¬ magnete im Bereich der Hilfspole als zum Anker hin ge- richtete Zugkräfte und im Bereich der Ringverdickungen als zum Rückschlußring hin gerichtete Druckkräfte. An jedem Permanentmagnet wirktdamit ein Drehmoment, das versucht, diesen um sine Achse in Richtung zum Rotor hin zu drehen, die mit der an dem Rückschlußring anliegenden Seitenkante der der Ringverdickung zugekehrten Seiten¬ fläche des Permanentmagneten zusammenfällt. Eine solche Drehung der Permanentmagnete wird durch die Flächenab- stützung der Permanentmagnete an dem jeweiligen Hilfs¬ pol verhindert. Während des Stillstands der Maschine sichern die Ringverdickungen die Permanentmagnetpole gegen radiale Verschiebung in Umfangsrichtung des Rück- schlußringes, die z.B. durch Erschütterungen beim Ein¬ satz im Kraftfahrzeug bewirkt werden könnten.In contrast, the commutator machine according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that no special supporting elements, such as, for example, compression springs, have to be installed for fastening the permanent magnetic poles. The permanent magnets only need to be inserted between the auxiliary poles and the ring thickenings. The permanent magnets then adhere to the return ring by their own magnetic force. In operation, the press of the torque formed reaction forces the permanent magnets against the auxiliary poles. The forces resulting from the transverse armature field act in a weakened form on the permanent magnets in the area of the auxiliary poles as tensile forces directed towards the armature and in the area of the ring thickenings as pressure forces directed towards the yoke ring. A torque thus acts on each permanent magnet, which attempts to rotate it about its axis in the direction of the rotor, which coincides with the side edge of the permanent magnet facing the ring thickening and facing the ring thickening. Such rotation of the permanent magnets is prevented by the surface support of the permanent magnets on the respective auxiliary pole. When the machine is at a standstill, the ring thickenings secure the permanent magnet poles against radial displacement in the circumferential direction of the return ring, which could be caused, for example, by vibrations when used in a motor vehicle.
Durch die in den weiteren Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maß- nahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesse¬ rungen der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Kommutatormaschine möglich.The measures listed in the further claims allow advantageous developments and improvements of the commutator machine specified in claim 1.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergibt sich dabei aus Anspruch 3. Durch diese Ausführung von Ringverdickung und Permanentmagnet läßt sich das Ein¬ setzen der Permanentmagnete zwischen Hilfspol und Ring¬ verdickung sehr rationell und zeitsparend durchführen.An advantageous embodiment of the invention results from claim 3. This embodiment of the ring thickening and permanent magnet enables the permanent magnets to be inserted between the auxiliary pole and the ring thickening very efficiently and in a time-saving manner.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergibt sich aus Anspruch 4. Dadurch können zusätzliche Montage- Zeiten für die Befestigung der Hilfspole am Rückschlu߬ ring eingespart werden. Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ergibt sich aus Anspruch 5. Hierbei werden die Hilfspole ohne •zusätzliche Maßnahmen, wie Weichglühennach Kaltverfor¬ men, mit ausreichender magnetischer "Weichheit" gewonnen.An advantageous embodiment of the invention results from claim 4. As a result, additional assembly times for fastening the auxiliary poles to the return ring can be saved. An advantageous embodiment of the invention results from claim 5. Here, the auxiliary poles • without additional measures, such Weichglühennach Kaltverfor¬ men won with sufficient magnetic "softness".
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus den Ansprüchen 6 - 9. Durch diese Ma߬ nahmen wird zugleich eine sichere Positionierung der Permanentmagnetpole in Achsrichtung der Maschine er¬ zielt, ohne daß dies zusätzliche Montagearbeiten erfor- dert.Advantageous embodiments of the invention also result from claims 6-9. These measures at the same time secure positioning of the permanent magnet poles in the axial direction of the machine is achieved without this requiring additional assembly work.
'Zeichnung ' Drawing
Die Erfindung ist anhand von in der Zeichnung darge¬ stellten Ausführungsbeispielen in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail in the following description on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines Kommutatormotors, teilweise geschnitten,1 is a side view of a commutator motor, partly in section,
Fig. 2 einen Schnitt des Kommutatormotors gemäß Linie II-II in Fig. 1, vergrößert darge¬ stellt,2 shows a section of the commutator motor according to line II-II in FIG. 1, enlarged Darge¬,
Fig. 3 jeweils eine Draufsicht auf Hilfs- und und 4 Permanentmagnetpol in Richtung Pfeil A in Fig. 2 gemäß zweier weiterer. Ausführungs- beispiele. Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleFig. 3 each a top view of auxiliary and 4 permanent magnet pole in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 2 according to two others. Execution examples. Description of the embodiments
Der in Fig. 1 als Beispiel für eine Kommutator¬ maschine dargestellte permanentmagneterregte Klein¬ motor für einen Starter eines Kraftfahrzeugs weist einen eine Ankerwicklung 10 tragenden Läufer oderThe permanent magnet-excited small motor shown in FIG. 1 as an example of a commutator machine for a starter of a motor vehicle has a rotor or armature winding 10
Rotor 11 und einen den Rotor 11 umgebenden Stator 12 auf. Der Stator 12 trägt an einem Rückschlußring 13, der hier mit dem Motorgehäuse 14 einstückig ist, eine geradzahlige Anzahl 2 p - hier sechs (Fig. 2) - von um gleiche Umfangswinkel versetzt angeordneten Permanent¬ magnetpolen 15. Jeder Permanentmagnetpol 15 ist als etwa schalenförmiges Magnetsegment mit zylindersegmentförmi- gern Querschnitt ausgebildet, dessen äußerer Bogendurch- messer dem Innendurchmesser des Rückschlußrings 13 ent- spricht. Der Rückschlußring 13 trägt ferner eine der An¬ zahl der. Permanentmagnetpole 15 entsprechende Anzahl von - hier sechs -.Hilfspolen 16, die mit dem Rückschlu߬ ring 13 einstückig sind. Jeder Hilfspol 16 ist einem Permanentmagnetpol 15 zugeordnet und an dessen bezüg- lieh der Rotordrehrichtung die Auflauf ante tragenden, radial verlaufenden Seite 17 angeordnet. An der in Drehrichtung des Rotors 11 gegen¬ überliegenden Seite 18 der Permanentmagnetpole 15 trägt der Rückschlußring 13 zum Rotor hin sich radial auswöl- bende Ringverdickungen 19, die als Abstützelemente für die Permanentmagnetpole 15 in einer solchen Weise dienen, daß jeder zwischen einer Ringverdickung 19 und einem Hilfspol 16 eingesetzte Permanentmagnetpol 15 mit seiner Seite 17 an der ihm zugekehrtenradiale Seitenflanke 20 des Hilfspols 16 formschlüssig anliegt und geringfügig ange¬ preßt wird. Die mit dem Rückschlußring 13 einstückigen Ringverdickungen 19 können als Stege, Nasen, Warzen u.dgl. ausgebildet sein. Die in Fig. 2 im Querschnitt zu sehenden Ringverdik- kungen 19 sind als Stege ausgebildet, die sich zum Steggrund hin verbreitern und sich über einen wesent¬ lichen Teil der Axiallänge des Rückschlußringes 13 erstrecken. Die radiale Steghöhe ist wesentlich klei¬ ner als die radiale Dicke der Permanentmagnetpole 15 bemessen. Der Stegabstand zu dem zugeordneten Hilfspol 16 und die Bogenlänge des jeweiligen Permanentmagnet- .pols 15 sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß die radiale Stegachse mit der radial sich erstreckenden Seitenfläche 18 des Permanentmagnetpols 15 fluchtet. In dem Bereich der stegartigen Ringverdickung 19 ist die Seitenfläche 18 jedes Permanentmagnetpols 15 derart abgeschrägt, daß die am Rückschlußring 13 anliegende Seitenkante 18a der Seiten- fläche 18 im Steggrund sich an der Stegflanke abstützt. Durch diese Ausbildung von Ringverdickung 19 und Perma- nentmangetpol 15' kann letzterer sehr mühelos zwischen Hilfspol 16 und Ringverdickung 19 eingeschwenkt werden, wonach er sich durch seine Magnetkraft selbsttätig am 0 Rückschlußring 13 hält. Hilfspol 16 und Ringverdickung 19 verhindern einerseits eine Verschiebung des einliegenden Permanentmagnetpols 15 in Umfangsrichtung des Rückschluß- ringes 13 und andererseits ein durch die Kräfte des An¬ kerquerfelds bewirktes Verschwenken des Permanentmagnet- 5 pols 15 um seine Seitenkante 18a in Richtung zum Rotor 11 hin.Rotor 11 and a stator 12 surrounding the rotor 11. The stator 12 carries on an yoke ring 13, which is integral with the motor housing 14 here, an even number 2 p - here six (FIG. 2) - of permanent magnetic poles 15 offset by the same circumferential angle. Each permanent magnet pole 15 is approximately bowl-shaped Magnetic segment with a cylindrical segment-shaped cross-section, the outer arc diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the yoke ring 13. The yoke ring 13 also carries one of the number of. Permanent magnet poles 15 corresponding number of - here six - auxiliary poles 16, which are integral with the return ring 13. Each auxiliary pole 16 is assigned to a permanent magnet pole 15 and on its relative, the direction of rotation of the rotor, the radially extending side 17 carrying the run-up is arranged. On the opposite side 18 of the permanent magnet poles 15 in the direction of rotation of the rotor 11, the yoke ring 13 carries ring bulges 19 which radially bulge out towards the rotor and serve as supporting elements for the permanent magnet poles 15 in such a way that each between a ring thickening 19 and a permanent magnet pole 15 inserted into an auxiliary pole 16 with its side 17 against the radial side flank 20 of the auxiliary pole 16 facing it in a form-fitting manner and slightly pressed. The one-piece ring thickenings 19 with the yoke ring 13 can be used as webs, noses, warts and the like. be trained. The ring thickenings 19, which can be seen in cross section in FIG. 2, are designed as webs which widen towards the base of the web and extend over a substantial part of the axial length of the yoke ring 13. The radial web height is dimensioned much smaller than the radial thickness of the permanent magnet poles 15. The web spacing to the associated auxiliary pole 16 and the arc length of the respective permanent magnet pole 15 are matched to one another in such a way that the radial web axis is aligned with the radially extending side surface 18 of the permanent magnet pole 15. In the area of the web-like ring thickening 19, the side surface 18 of each permanent magnet pole 15 is chamfered in such a way that the side edge 18a of the side surface 18 resting on the yoke ring 13 is supported on the web flank in the web base. This configuration of ring thickening 19 and permanent magnet 15 'can be swiveled in very easily between auxiliary pole 16 and ring thickening 19, after which it automatically holds onto the return ring 13 due to its magnetic force. Auxiliary pole 16 and ring thickening 19 on the one hand prevent the permanent magnet pole 15 from shifting in the circumferential direction of the yoke ring 13 and on the other hand prevent the permanent magnet 5 pole 15 from being pivoted about its side edge 18a in the direction of the rotor 11 by the forces of the armature transverse field.
Eine axiale Verschiebung der Permanentmagnetpole 15 wird durch einen am Rückschlußring 13 angeordneten und mit diesem einstückigen ringförmigen Vorsprung 21 (Fig. 1) θ verhindert, an dem die Permanentmagnetpole 15 mit einer ihrer quer zur Achsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten 22 anliegen. Zur Sicherung der Permanentmagnetpole 15 gegen Axial¬ verschiebung können nach einem weiteren, in Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Permanentmagnet¬ pole 15' die Hilfspole 16' auf deren beiden quer zur Achsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten 23 ',24' über¬ greifen oder umgekehrt, wie in dem Ausführungsbei- spiel gemäß Fig. 4, die Hilfspole 16" die Permanent¬ magnetpole 15" auf deren beiden quer zur Achsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten 22", 25" in Achsrichtung form- schlüssig übergreifen. Der Rückschlußring ist inAxial displacement of the permanent magnet poles 15 is prevented by an annular projection 21 (FIG. 1) θ arranged on the yoke ring 13 and integral therewith, against which the permanent magnet poles 15 rest with one of their end faces 22 extending transversely to the axial direction. To secure the permanent magnet poles 15 against axial displacement, according to a further exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the permanent magnet poles 15 'can overlap the auxiliary poles 16' on their two end faces 23 ', 24' running transversely to the axial direction, or vice versa, as 4, the auxiliary poles 16 "overlap the permanent magnetic poles 15" on their two end faces 22 ", 25" extending transversely to the axial direction in a positive manner in the axial direction. The return ring is in
Fig. 3 und 4 ausschnittweise dargestellt und mit 13' bzw. 13" bezeichnet.3 and 4 shown in detail and designated 13 'and 13 ".
Der in bekannter Weise starr mit dem Rotor 11 umlau¬ fende Kommutator ist in Fig. 1 mit 26 bezeichnet. Der hier als Trommelkollektor ausgebildete Kommutator 26 ist mit der Ankerwicklung lO elektrisch verbunden. Ein am Gehäuse 14 befestigter Bürstenhalter 27 trägt einen Bürstenansatz von sechs um gleiche Umfangswinkel ver¬ setzt angeordnetenKommutatorbürsten 28, die auf dem Kommutator 26 schleifen. Der Rückschlußring 13 und die Hilfspole 16 sind zweckmäßigerweise als ein einstückiges Sinterformteil aus einem hochreinen, hochverdichtbaren Eisenpulver, z.B. Sint Do2, formgenau hergestellt. The commutator which rotates rigidly with the rotor 11 in a known manner is designated by 26 in FIG. 1. The commutator 26 designed here as a drum collector is electrically connected to the armature winding 10. A brush holder 27 fastened to the housing 14 carries a brush attachment of six commutator brushes 28, which are offset by the same circumferential angle and grind on the commutator 26. The yoke ring 13 and the auxiliary poles 16 are expediently as a one-piece sintered molded part made of a high-purity, highly compressible iron powder, e.g. Sint Do2, manufactured to the exact shape.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Kommutatormaschine, insbesondere Kleinmotor für Kraftfahrzeuge, mit einem eine Ankerwicklung tra¬ genden Rotor und einem Stator, der eine geradzah- lige Anzahl von am Rotor um gleiche Umfangswinkel versetzt angeordneten schalenförmigen Permanent¬ magnetpolen mit etwa zylindersegmentförmigem Quer¬ schnitt, eine der Anzahl der Permanentmagnetpole entsprechende Anzahl von Hilfspolen aus ferromag- 0 netischem Material, von denen jeweils einer an der bezüglich der Rotordrehrichtung die Auflaufkante tragenden radial verlaufenden Seite der Permanent¬ magnetpole angeordnet ist, und einen Rückschlußring aufweist, der einerseits die Hilfspole und anderer- 5 seits Abstützelemente trägt, die bezüglich der Hilfs¬ pole so angeordnet sind, daß sich jeder mit seiner bogenförmigen Außenfläche an dem Rückschlußring an¬ liegende Permanentmagnetpole mit sei er einer radialen Seite an der dieser zugekehrten Seitenflanke des θ Hilfspols und mit seiner inUmfangsrichtung gegenüber- liegenden anderen Seite an dem Abstützelement abstützt, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h ¬ n e t, daß die Abstützelemente als mit dem Rück¬ schlußring (13) einstückige, zum Rotor (11) hin sich radial auswölbende Ringverdickungen (19) , wie Stege, Nasen, Warzen u.dgl., ausgebildet sind.1. Commutator machine, in particular a small motor for motor vehicles, with a rotor carrying an armature winding and a stator which has an even number of shell-shaped permanent magnet poles with an approximately cylindrical segment-shaped cross section, offset on the rotor by the same circumferential angle, one of the number of Corresponding number of auxiliary poles made of ferromagnetic material, permanent magnet poles, one of which is arranged on the radially extending side of the permanent magnet poles carrying the leading edge with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor, and has a return ring which carries the auxiliary poles on the one hand and supporting elements on the other hand which are arranged with respect to the auxiliary poles in such a way that each permanent magnet pole with its arcuate outer surface against the yoke ring, be it with a radial side on the side flank of the auxiliary pole facing it and with its circumferential direction. the other side is supported on the support element, characterized in that the support elements as ring thickenings (19), such as webs, noses, warts and the like, which are integral with the return ring (13) and bulge radially towards the rotor (11). , are trained.
2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Ringverdickun¬ gen (19) sich über einen wesentlichen Teil der Axiallänge des Rückschlußringes (13) etwa steg¬ artig erstrecken.2. Machine according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t that the ring thickenings (19) extend over a substantial part of the axial length of the yoke ring (13) approximately web-like.
3. Maschine nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die radiale Steg¬ höhe wesentlich kleiner als' die radiale Dicke der 5 Permanentmagnetpole (15) bemessen ist, daß der3. Machine according to claim 2, dadurchge ¬ indicates that the radial web height is substantially smaller than ' the radial thickness of the 5 permanent magnet poles (15) is dimensioned that the
Stegabstand zu dem zugehörigen Hilfspol (16) und die Bogenlänge der Permanentmagnetpole (15) so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, daß die radiale Stegachse'mit einer radial verlaufenden. Seiten- θ fläche (18) des Permanentmagnetpols (15) fluchtet, und daß die Seitenfläche (18) des Permanentmagnet¬ pols (15) im Stegbereich derart abgeschrägt ist, daß sich zumindest die am Rückschlußring (13) an¬ liegende Seitenkante (18a) der Seitenfläche (18) 5 im Steggrung an der Stegflanke abstützt.The spacing of the web from the associated auxiliary pole (16) and the arc length of the permanent magnet poles (15) are matched to one another in such a way that the radial web axis has a radially extending axis. Side θ surface (18) of the permanent magnet pole (15) is aligned, and that the side surface (18) of the permanent magnet pole (15) is bevelled in the web area in such a way that at least the side edge (18a) lying against the yoke ring (13) the side surface (18) 5 in the web foundation on the web flank.
4. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, d ¬ d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Hilfspole (16) mit dem Rückschlußring (13) ein¬ stückig sind. 4. Machine according to one of claims 1-3, d ¬ characterized in that the auxiliary poles (16) with the yoke ring (13) are one piece.
5. Maschine nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Rückschlu߬ ring (13) und die Hilfspole (16) als einheit¬ liches Sinterformteil hergestellt sind.5. Machine according to claim 4, which also means that the return ring (13) and the auxiliary poles (16) are produced as a uniform sintered molded part.
6. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, d a ¬ d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Rückschlußring (13) einen mit diesem ein¬ stückigen, zum Rotor (11) hin vorstehenden ring¬ förmigen Vorsprung (21) trägt, an dem die Perma- 0 nentmagnetpole (15) mit einer ihrer quer zur Achs¬ richtung verlaufendβiStirnseiten (22) anliegen.6. Machine according to one of claims 1-5, since ¬ characterized in that the yoke ring (13) carries a one-piece with this, towards the rotor (11) projecting ring-shaped projection (21) on which the perma- 0 Magnetic poles (15) rest with one of their end faces (22) running transversely to the axial direction.
7. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, d a ¬ d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Permanentmagnetpole (15') die Hilfspole (16') auf 5 deren beiden" quer zur Achsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten (23', 24') zumindest teilweise und in Achsrichtung formschlüssig übergreifen.7. Machine according to one of claims 1-6, since ¬ characterized in that the permanent magnet poles (15 '), the auxiliary poles (16') on 5 of their two " transverse to the axial direction end faces (23 ', 24') at least partially and in the axial direction overlap positively.
8. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, d a ¬ d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die θ Hilfspole (16") die Permanentmagnetpole (15") auf deren beiden quer zur Achsrichtung verlaufenden Stirnseiten (22", 25") zumindest teilweise und in Achsrichtung formschlüssig übergreifen. 8. Machine according to one of claims 1-6, since ¬ characterized in that the θ auxiliary poles (16 "), the permanent magnet poles (15") on their two transverse to the axial end faces (22 ", 25") at least partially and positively in the axial direction spread.
EP86902800A 1985-06-12 1986-05-13 Commutating machine, particularly small motor for motor vehicles Withdrawn EP0225339A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853521037 DE3521037A1 (en) 1985-06-12 1985-06-12 COMMUTATOR MACHINE, ESPECIALLY SMALL MOTOR FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
DE3521037 1985-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225339A1 true EP0225339A1 (en) 1987-06-16

Family

ID=6273066

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902800A Withdrawn EP0225339A1 (en) 1985-06-12 1986-05-13 Commutating machine, particularly small motor for motor vehicles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4827173A (en)
EP (1) EP0225339A1 (en)
DE (1) DE3521037A1 (en)
MX (1) MX168405B (en)
WO (1) WO1986007505A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3521037A1 (en) 1986-12-18
WO1986007505A1 (en) 1986-12-18
US4827173A (en) 1989-05-02
MX168405B (en) 1993-05-24

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