EP0221047A1 - Support for a swivel jib of a loader - Google Patents
Support for a swivel jib of a loader Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0221047A1 EP0221047A1 EP86890272A EP86890272A EP0221047A1 EP 0221047 A1 EP0221047 A1 EP 0221047A1 EP 86890272 A EP86890272 A EP 86890272A EP 86890272 A EP86890272 A EP 86890272A EP 0221047 A1 EP0221047 A1 EP 0221047A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bearing ring
- bearing
- frame
- support
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/10—Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
- E02F9/12—Slewing or traversing gears
- E02F9/121—Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
- E02F3/22—Component parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bearing for a pivotable cantilever arm of a charger, in particular bucket wheel excavator or bucket wheel loader or crane, in which a first rotatable stage is mounted on a frame and a further independently rotatable stage is provided.
- a cantilever arm that extends relatively far is usually provided, on which a bucket wheel with a large diameter is rotatably mounted.
- the material picked up by the bucket wheel is conveyed further via conveying means arranged on the cantilever arm to a transfer point above the mobile frame of the excavator and thrown onto a second conveyor which is arranged on a second, pivotable arm relative to the first. It is therefore necessary to move two independently pivoting platforms or disks relative to a rigid undercarriage in order to be able to cover large areas.
- the support on the rigid undercarriage is intended to support not only the essentially vertical forces but also the torques which occur when the widely protruding arms are pivoted, and for this purpose it is known to use a torque-supporting column which carries a ring gear with which the drive motor combs a swiveling stage. Due to the wear on the raceways of the pivot bearings and the increase in the backlash between the ring gear and the pinion, relatively large bending stresses are introduced into the torque-supporting column, a plurality of relatively complicated bearings having to be provided.
- the invention now aims to provide a bearing of the type mentioned, which relatively the movement of two independently pivoting stages or disks to a rigid undercarriage, supported at the same time with little construction and manufacturing effort for storage.
- the invention essentially consists in the fact that the first rotatable stage has a bearing ring which, with the interposition of bearing bodies such as balls, rollers or the like, interacts with an outer bearing ring which is rigidly connected to the second rotatable stage , And that the rigidly connected to the first rotatable stage bearing ring is formed on its inside as an outer bearing ring of a further bearing (inner bearing ring), which cooperates with a fixed to a non-rotatably connected to the frame support bearing ring.
- both the pivot bearing and the support of the torques can be used with a common component make on the frame.
- This three-part swivel bearing thus fulfills a multiple function which, even if the raceways of the swivel bearings wear, prevents the introduction of bending stresses into the support, which supports the torques and is non-rotatably connected to the frame.
- This support can only be fixed in a rotationally fixed manner and be displaceably mounted in the axial direction, so that all the forces to be absorbed by the swivel mechanism are derived directly via the bearing in the frame, whereas the support supporting the torques is kept free from axial forces and bending forces.
- the three-part pivot bearing can advantageously be developed in such a way that the bearing ring, which is non-rotatably connected to the frame, is designed as a toothed ring with which a drive pinion of a drive motor fixed on the first rotatable stage meshes. In this way, a three-part bearing formed, which also gives the function for driving the first rotating stage.
- the middle bearing ring which is designed as an inner bearing ring with respect to the outer outer bearing ring, is connected to the first rotatable stage, which makes it possible to pass lines through this middle or inner bearing ring in a substantially protected manner.
- the design is advantageously made such that the bearing ring rigidly connected to the first rotatable stage has openings which are essentially axially parallel for the passage of lines.
- the support which is to take up the torques can be displaceable in the axial direction and can be pivoted to a certain extent, since it itself does not have to absorb any support forces in the vertical direction.
- the design can advantageously be such that the support is fixed rigidly to the frame and carries an elastically deformable plate on which the bearing ring carrying the toothing is fixed. In this way, a certain elastic compliance is possible, which avoids overloading the drive of the first stage.
- the second stage underneath is supported directly on the chassis by conventional axial bearings and can be equipped with any conventional rotary drives.
- FIG. 1 shows an axial section in a schematic representation through the two stages which can be pivoted relative to one another
- FIG. 2 shows a detail of the mounting of the first stage on the second stage.
- the frame of a bucket wheel excavator is designated 1.
- the frame can itself, for example by means of a crawler track, not shown, can be designed to be movable.
- a column 2 which acts as a torque support, is connected to the frame 1 in a rotationally fixed manner.
- a stage 3 is pivotally mounted about the axis of the column 2.
- the effective storage in the axial direction is indicated by 4.
- a first rotatable stage 5 is pivotably mounted on this pivotable stage 3, a three-part bearing being provided for this bearing.
- the pivot bearing of the first rotatable stage 5 has an outer bearing ring 6 rigidly connected to the rotatable stage 3, a middle bearing ring 7 rigidly connected to the first rotatable stage 5 and a further inner bearing ring 8 rigidly connected to the support 2.
- the discharge boom 9 is articulated on the upper pivotable or rotatable platform 5 about an axis 10 that intersects or intersects the axis of the column 2.
- the drive of the first pivotable stage 5 relative to the frame 1 can be seen more clearly from the illustration in FIG. 2.
- the first pivotable stage 5 is equipped with a drive unit 11, the output shaft 12 of which passes through the first pivotable or rotatable stage 5.
- the pinion 13 of this drive motor 11 meshes with the non-rotatably connected to the column 2 bearing ring 8, which for this purpose has a toothing 14 on its inside.
- the bearing ring 8 is fixed to a disc 15 which is rigidly connected to the torque-absorbing column 2 and which can itself be flexible.
- the middle rigidly connected to the first pivotable or rotatable stage 5 Bearing ring 7 thus acts relative to the outer bearing ring 6 as an inner bearing ring, bearing bodies 17 being able to be arranged between these two bearing rings.
- the same middle bearing ring 7 now acts as an outer bearing ring, the inner bearing ring 8 carrying the toothing 14 again interacting with the middle bearing ring 7 with the interposition of bearing bodies 17.
- the central bearing ring 7 can, as shown in FIG. 2, have openings 18 which run in the axial direction and through which lines can be guided in a protected manner. Such lines are advantageous, for example, for the supply of hydraulic medium or electrical lines to the drive motor 11.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Lagerung für einen schwenkbaren Auslegerarm eines Ladegerätes, insbesondere Schaufelradbaggers oder Schaufelradladers oder Kranes, bei welcher an einem Rahmen eine erste drehbare Bühne gelagert ist und eine weitere unabhängig drehbare Bühne vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a bearing for a pivotable cantilever arm of a charger, in particular bucket wheel excavator or bucket wheel loader or crane, in which a first rotatable stage is mounted on a frame and a further independently rotatable stage is provided.
Bei Schaufelradbaggern ist zumeist ein relativ weit ausladender Auslegerarm vorgesehen, an welchem ein Schaufelrad mit großem Durchmesser drehbar gelagert ist. Das vom Schaufelrad aufgenommene Gut wird über am Auslegerarm angeordnete Fördermittel zu einer Übergabestelle über dem fahrbaren Rahmen des Baggers weitergefördert und auf einen zweiten Förderer abgeworfen, welcher an einem zweiten, relativ zum ersten, schwenkbaren Arm angeordnet ist. Es ist somit die Bewegung zweier unabhängig voneinander schwenkender Bühnen bzw. Scheiben relativ zu einem starren Unterwagen erforderlich, um große Gebiete bestreichen zu können. Die Abstützung am starren Unterwagen soll hiebei nicht nur die im wesentlichen vertikalen Kräfte sondern auch die beim Verschwenken der weit ausladenden Arme auftretenden Drehmomente abstützen können und zu diesem Zweck ist es bekannt, eine die Drehmomente abstützende Säule zu verwenden, welche einen Zahnkranz trägt, mit welcher der Antriebsmotor einer schwenkbaren Bühne kämmt. Durch den Verschleiß an den Laufbahnen der Schwenklager und durch die Vergrößerung des Zahnflankenspieles zwischen dem Zahnkranz und dem Ritzel werden hiebei relativ große Biegespannungen in die die Drehmomente abstützende Säule eingebracht, wobei eine Mehrzahl relativ komplizierter Lager vorgesehen sein muß.In the case of bucket wheel excavators, a cantilever arm that extends relatively far is usually provided, on which a bucket wheel with a large diameter is rotatably mounted. The material picked up by the bucket wheel is conveyed further via conveying means arranged on the cantilever arm to a transfer point above the mobile frame of the excavator and thrown onto a second conveyor which is arranged on a second, pivotable arm relative to the first. It is therefore necessary to move two independently pivoting platforms or disks relative to a rigid undercarriage in order to be able to cover large areas. The support on the rigid undercarriage is intended to support not only the essentially vertical forces but also the torques which occur when the widely protruding arms are pivoted, and for this purpose it is known to use a torque-supporting column which carries a ring gear with which the drive motor combs a swiveling stage. Due to the wear on the raceways of the pivot bearings and the increase in the backlash between the ring gear and the pinion, relatively large bending stresses are introduced into the torque-supporting column, a plurality of relatively complicated bearings having to be provided.
Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine Lagerung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche die Bewegung zweier unabhängig voneinander schwenkender Bühnen oder Scheiben, relativ zu einem starren Unterwagen, bei geringem konstruktiven und herstellungsmäßigen Aufwand für die Lagerung gleichzeitig momentenmäßig abstützt. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht die Erfindung im wesentlichen darin, daß die erste drehbare Bühne einen Lagerring aufweist, welcher unter Zwischenschaltung von Lagerkörpern, wie Kugeln, Walzen od. dgl., mit einem äußeren Lagerring zusammenwirkt, welcher starr mit der zweiten drehbaren Bühne verbunden ist, und daß der mit der ersten drehbaren Bühne starr verbundene Lagerring an seiner Innenseite als äußerer Lagerring einer weiteren Lagerung (innerer Lagerring) ausgebildet ist, welche mit einem an einer drehfest mit dem Rahmen verbundenen Stütze festgelegten Lagerring zusammenwirkt. Dadurch, daß die Lagerung in radialer Richtung aus drei Teilen, nämlich einem äußeren Lagerring, einem inneren Lagerring und einem mit einer drehfesten mit dem Rahmen verbundenen Stütze festgelegten Lagerring aufgebaut ist, läßt sich mit einem gemeinsamen Bauteil sowohl die Schwenklagerung als auch die Abstützung der Drehmomente am Rahmen vornehmen. Dieses dreiteilige Schwenklager erfüllt somit eine mehrfache Funktion, welche auch bei Verschleiß an den Laufbahnen der Schwenklager das Einleiten von Biegespannungen in die die Drehmomente abstützende, drehfest mit dem Rahmen verbundene Stütze vermeidet. Diese Stütze kann lediglich drehfest festgelegt sein und in Achsrichtung verschieblich gelagert sein, so daß alle vom Schwenkwerk aufzunehmenden Kräfte unmittelbar über die Lagerung in den Rahmen abgeleitet werden, wohingegen die die Drehmomente abstützende Stütze von axialen Kräften und von Biegekräften freigehalten ist.The invention now aims to provide a bearing of the type mentioned, which relatively the movement of two independently pivoting stages or disks to a rigid undercarriage, supported at the same time with little construction and manufacturing effort for storage. To achieve this object, the invention essentially consists in the fact that the first rotatable stage has a bearing ring which, with the interposition of bearing bodies such as balls, rollers or the like, interacts with an outer bearing ring which is rigidly connected to the second rotatable stage , And that the rigidly connected to the first rotatable stage bearing ring is formed on its inside as an outer bearing ring of a further bearing (inner bearing ring), which cooperates with a fixed to a non-rotatably connected to the frame support bearing ring. Characterized in that the bearing is constructed in the radial direction from three parts, namely an outer bearing ring, an inner bearing ring and a bearing ring fixed with a non-rotatable support connected to the frame, both the pivot bearing and the support of the torques can be used with a common component make on the frame. This three-part swivel bearing thus fulfills a multiple function which, even if the raceways of the swivel bearings wear, prevents the introduction of bending stresses into the support, which supports the torques and is non-rotatably connected to the frame. This support can only be fixed in a rotationally fixed manner and be displaceably mounted in the axial direction, so that all the forces to be absorbed by the swivel mechanism are derived directly via the bearing in the frame, whereas the support supporting the torques is kept free from axial forces and bending forces.
Das dreiteilige Schwenklager kann in vorteilhafter Weise so weitergebildet sein, daß der drehfest mit dem Rahmen verbundene Lagerring als Zahnkranz ausgebildet ist, mit welchem ein Antriebsritzel eines an der ersten drehbaren Bühne festgelegten Antriebsmotors kämmt. Auf diese Weise wird ein dreiteiliges Lager gebildet, welches gleichzeitig die Funktion für den Antrieb der ersten drehbaren Bühne ergibt.The three-part pivot bearing can advantageously be developed in such a way that the bearing ring, which is non-rotatably connected to the frame, is designed as a toothed ring with which a drive pinion of a drive motor fixed on the first rotatable stage meshes. In this way, a three-part bearing formed, which also gives the function for driving the first rotating stage.
Dadurch, daß mit der ersten drehbaren Bühne der mittlere Lagerring verbunden ist, welcher bezüglich des außenliegenden äußeren Lagerringes als innerer Lagerring ausgebildet ist, wird die Möglichkeit geschaffen durch diesen mittleren, bzw. inneren Lagerring Leitungen im wesentlichen geschützt hindurchzuführen. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Ausbildung mit Vorteil so getroffen, daß der mit der ersten drehbaren Bühne starr verbundene Lagerring im wesentlichen achsparallele Durchbrechungen für das Durchführen von Leitungen aufweist.The fact that the middle bearing ring, which is designed as an inner bearing ring with respect to the outer outer bearing ring, is connected to the first rotatable stage, which makes it possible to pass lines through this middle or inner bearing ring in a substantially protected manner. For this purpose, the design is advantageously made such that the bearing ring rigidly connected to the first rotatable stage has openings which are essentially axially parallel for the passage of lines.
Die Stütze, welche die Drehmomente aufnehmen soll, kann in Achsrichtung verschieblich und bis zu einem gewissen Ausmaß schwenkbar festgelegt sein, da sie selbst keine Abstützkräfte in vertikaler Richtung aufnehmen muß. Alternativ kann die Ausbildung mit Vorteil so getroffen sein, daß die Stütze starr am Rahmen festgelegt ist und eine elastisch verformbare Platte trägt, an welcher der die Verzahnung tragende Lagerring festgelegt ist. Auf diese Weise ist eine gewisse elastische Nachgiebigkeit möglich, welche Überlastungen des Antriebes der ersten Bühne vermeidet. Die darunterliegende zweite Bühne ist unmittelbar am Chassis durch konventionelle Axiallager abgestützt und kann mit beliebigen konventionellen Schwenkantrieben ausgestattet sein.The support which is to take up the torques can be displaceable in the axial direction and can be pivoted to a certain extent, since it itself does not have to absorb any support forces in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the design can advantageously be such that the support is fixed rigidly to the frame and carries an elastically deformable plate on which the bearing ring carrying the toothing is fixed. In this way, a certain elastic compliance is possible, which avoids overloading the drive of the first stage. The second stage underneath is supported directly on the chassis by conventional axial bearings and can be equipped with any conventional rotary drives.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen Fig. 1 einen Axialschnitt in schematischer Darstellung durch die beiden relativ zueinander schwenkbaren Bühnen und Fig. 2 ein Detail der Lagerung der ersten Bühne an der zweiten Bühne.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing. 1 shows an axial section in a schematic representation through the two stages which can be pivoted relative to one another, and FIG. 2 shows a detail of the mounting of the first stage on the second stage.
In Fig. 1 ist der Rahmen eines Schaufelradbaggers mit 1 bezeichnet. Der Rahmen kann selbst, beispielsweise mittels eines nicht dargestellten Raupenfahrwerkes, verfahrbar ausgebildet sein. Mit dem Rahmen 1 ist drehfest eine Säule 2 verbunden, welche als Drehmomentenstütze wirksam ist. Relativ zum Rahmen 1 ist eine Bühne 3 um die Achse der Säule 2 schwenkbar gelagert. Die in axialer Richtung wirksame Lagerung ist hiebei mit 4 angedeutet. An dieser schwenkbaren Bühne 3 ist eine erste drehbare Bühne 5 schwenkbar gelagert, wobei für diese Lagerung ein dreiteiliges Lager vorgesehen ist. Das Schwenklager der ersten drehbaren Bühne 5 weist einen starr mit der drehbaren Bühne 3 verbundenen äußeren Lagerring 6, einen starr mit der ersten drehbaren Bühne 5 verbundenen mittleren Lagerring 7 und einen weiteren starr mit der Stütze 2 verbundenen inneren Lagerring 8 auf. An der oberen schwenkbaren bzw. drehbaren Bühne 5 ist der Abwurfausleger 9 um eine die Achse der Säule 2 schneidende oder kreuzende Achse 10 schwenkbar angelenkt. Der Antrieb der ersten schwenkbaren Bühne 5 relativ zum Rahmen 1 ist aus der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 deutlicher ersichtlich.In Fig. 1, the frame of a bucket wheel excavator is designated 1. The frame can itself, for example by means of a crawler track, not shown, can be designed to be movable. A
In Fig. 2 ist die erste schwenkbare Bühne 5 mit einer Antriebseinheit 11 ausgestattet, dessen Abtriebswelle 12 die erste schwenkbare bzw. drehbare Bühne 5 durchsetzt. Das Ritzel 13 dieses Antriebsmotors 11 kämmt mit dem drehfest mit der Säule 2 verbundenen Lagerring 8, welcher zu diesem Zwecke an seiner Innenseite eine Verzahnung 14 aufweist. Der Lagerring 8 ist an einer mit der die Drehmomente aufnehmenden Säule 2 starr verbundenen Scheibe 15 festgelegt, welche selbst flexibel ausgebildet sein kann.In Fig. 2, the first
Die in vertikaler Richtung im Sinne des Pfeiles 16 wirkenden Kräfte, welche schon der Bühne 5 aufgrund der Belastung durch den Abwurfausleger auf den Rahmen 1 übertragen werden sollen, werden über den mittleren Lagerring 7 auf den äußeren Lagerring 6 übertragen, welcher wiederum starr mit der schwenkbaren Bühne 3 verbunden ist. Der mittlere starr mit der ersten schwenkbaren bzw. drehbaren Bühne 5 verbundene Lagerring 7 wirkt somit relativ zum äußeren Lagerring 6 als innerer Lagerring, wobei zwischen diesen beiden Lagerringen Lagerkörper 17 angeordnet sein können. Relativ zu dem mit der drehfesten Säule verbundenen Lagerring 8 wirkt der gleiche mittlere Lagerring 7 nunmehr als äußerer Lagerring, wobei der die Verzahnung 14 tragende innere Lagerring 8 wiederum unter Zwischenschaltung von Lagerkörpern 17 mit dem mittleren Lagerring 7 zusammenwirkt. Der mittlere Lagerring 7 kann wie in Fig.2 dargestellt in Achsrichtung verlaufende Durchbrechungen 18 aufweisen, durch welche Leitungen geschützt hindurchgeführt werden können. Derartige Leitungen sind beispielsweise für die Zuführung von Hydraulikmedium oder elektrische Leitungen zum Antriebsmotor 11 von Vorteil.The forces acting in the vertical direction in the direction of
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT3112/85 | 1985-10-28 | ||
AT0311285A AT386438B (en) | 1985-10-28 | 1985-10-28 | STORAGE FOR A SWIVELING ARM OF A CHARGER |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0221047A1 true EP0221047A1 (en) | 1987-05-06 |
EP0221047B1 EP0221047B1 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
Family
ID=3545487
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86890272A Expired EP0221047B1 (en) | 1985-10-28 | 1986-10-06 | Support for a swivel jib of a loader |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0221047B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT386438B (en) |
AU (1) | AU583669B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3661327D1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA867684B (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3452624A (en) * | 1967-06-26 | 1969-07-01 | Lorence Mfg Corp | Drive mechanism for a slew ring assembly |
US3608756A (en) * | 1968-06-07 | 1971-09-28 | Poclain Sa | Mechanical excavator or other earth working machine |
US3746150A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1973-07-17 | Dravo Corp | Bulk material handling apparatus |
GB2039841A (en) * | 1979-01-25 | 1980-08-20 | John D | Slew Digger Attachment |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1033598B (en) * | 1958-07-03 | |||
DE947210C (en) * | 1952-06-12 | 1956-08-09 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Protection of seeds against raven damage |
AT288977B (en) * | 1967-01-10 | 1971-03-25 | Kloeckner Werke Ag | Double-grooved slewing ring suitable for absorbing tipping forces for heavy equipment, especially for excavators and cranes |
-
1985
- 1985-10-28 AT AT0311285A patent/AT386438B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-10-06 EP EP86890272A patent/EP0221047B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-10-06 DE DE8686890272T patent/DE3661327D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-10-08 ZA ZA867684A patent/ZA867684B/en unknown
- 1986-10-09 AU AU63638/86A patent/AU583669B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3452624A (en) * | 1967-06-26 | 1969-07-01 | Lorence Mfg Corp | Drive mechanism for a slew ring assembly |
US3608756A (en) * | 1968-06-07 | 1971-09-28 | Poclain Sa | Mechanical excavator or other earth working machine |
US3746150A (en) * | 1971-10-12 | 1973-07-17 | Dravo Corp | Bulk material handling apparatus |
GB2039841A (en) * | 1979-01-25 | 1980-08-20 | John D | Slew Digger Attachment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3661327D1 (en) | 1989-01-05 |
EP0221047B1 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
AU583669B2 (en) | 1989-05-04 |
ZA867684B (en) | 1987-05-27 |
AU6363886A (en) | 1987-04-30 |
AT386438B (en) | 1988-08-25 |
ATA311285A (en) | 1988-01-15 |
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