EP0219751A2 - Electroviscous fluids - Google Patents
Electroviscous fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0219751A2 EP0219751A2 EP86113763A EP86113763A EP0219751A2 EP 0219751 A2 EP0219751 A2 EP 0219751A2 EP 86113763 A EP86113763 A EP 86113763A EP 86113763 A EP86113763 A EP 86113763A EP 0219751 A2 EP0219751 A2 EP 0219751A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- evf
- functional
- aluminum silicate
- electroviscous
- amino
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 0 C[S+](C)I*N* Chemical compound C[S+](C)I*N* 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
- C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/105—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
- C10M2229/025—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/0405—Siloxanes with specific structure used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
- C10M2229/0415—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
- C10M2229/0425—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/043—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/043—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C10M2229/0435—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/044—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydrogen bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/044—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydrogen bonds
- C10M2229/0445—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydrogen bonds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/045—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/045—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
- C10M2229/0455—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/046—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/046—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds
- C10M2229/0465—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
- C10M2229/0475—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/048—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/048—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
- C10M2229/0485—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/0505—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
- C10M2229/0515—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/052—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/052—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen
- C10M2229/0525—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/053—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/053—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing sulfur
- C10M2229/0535—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing sulfur used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/054—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/054—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing phosphorus
- C10M2229/0545—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing phosphorus used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/175—Pantographs, i.e. printing devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/18—Electric or magnetic purposes in connection with recordings on magnetic tape or disc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/185—Magnetic fluids
Definitions
- the invention is based on electroviscous suspensions which contain more than 25% by weight of an aluminum silicate with a water content of 1 to 25% by weight as the disperse phase and an electrically non-conductive hydrophobic liquid as the liquid phase, and also a dispersant.
- Electroviscous liquids are dispersions of finely divided hydrophilic solids in hydrophobic, electrically non-conductive oils, whose viscosity can be increased very quickly and reversibly from the liquid to the plastic or solid state under the influence of a sufficiently strong electric field. Both electrical DC fields and AC fields can be used to change the viscosity. The currents flowing through the EVF are extremely low. Therefore EVF can be used wherever the transmission of large forces is to be controlled with the help of low electrical power, e.g. in couplings, hydraulic valves, shock absorbers, vibrators or devices for positioning and holding workpieces.
- the requirements established by practice are that the EVF is liquid and chemically stable in a temperature range from approximately -50 ° C. to 150 ° C. and that it is sufficiently electroviscous at least in a temperature range from -30 ° C. to 110 ° C. Effect shows. It must also be ensured that the EVF remains stable over a long period of time, i.e. no phase separation takes place and in particular no sediment that is difficult to redisperse forms. If the EVF comes into contact with elastomeric materials, they should not be attacked or swollen by it.
- the invention has for its object to provide EVF with a significantly higher electrical reactivity, which is preferably maintained even at high temperatures and also have a low electrical conductivity.
- this object is achieved according to the invention in that the atomic ratio Al / Si on the surface of the aluminum silicate is preferably between 0.15 and 0.80 is between 0.2 and 0.75.
- the Al / Si atomic ratio on the surface of the particles can differ considerably from the volume composition.
- amino-functional or hydroxy-functional or acetoxy-functional or alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes with a molecular weight 800 are used as dispersants.
- the functional polysiloxanes are added at a concentration of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, based on the water-containing aluminum silicate particles.
- the amino groups are linked to the silicone base body either via an SiC or via an SiOC bond.
- X represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms.
- the aminomethyl and aminopropyl groups are particularly preferred as the amino-functional radical.
- the divalent radical X can also contain N.
- X-NHR can mean the grouping CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 .
- the amino-functional residue is an aminoalkoxy grouping. For reasons of stability to hydrolysis, a secondary SiOC linkage is preferred.
- the 1-amino-2-propoxy radical is particularly suitable or the 1-amino-3-butoxy radical
- silicon-functional polysiloxanes of the general formula can also be used can be used as dispersants.
- Y represents a hydrolyzable group, preferably a hydroxy, an alkoxy or carboxy group.
- the aforementioned functional polysiloxanes which can be used as dispersants preferably contain 20 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units. In particular, these enable the production of dispersions with a high solids content and not too high a basic viscosity.
- the EVF according to the invention which is produced with silicone oil, that it is perfectly compatible with elastomeric materials, in particular with rubber, is stable in settling and is physiologically indifferent (non-toxic). In addition, they are heat and cold resistant within an unusually wide temperature range and have only a low pressure dependence of the viscosity.
- the electroviscous suspensions according to the invention have favorable dielectric values, which are only slightly dependent on the temperature and frequency, and have a high dielectric strength.
- Another advantage is that the production of the EVF is relatively simple and therefore inexpensive and that commercially available products can be used as starting materials.
- Table 1 summarizes the disperse phases and Table 2 the characteristic data of the EVF according to the invention compared to the prior art.
- Aluminum silicates can be used to manufacture EVF. If necessary, the moisture content of the aluminum silicate can be increased or decreased.
- the dispersion medium and part or all of the amount of dispersant are introduced and the aluminum silicate is stirred into the dispersion medium with constant stirring.
- the aluminum silicate can be metered in quickly, while towards the end the aluminum silicate is slowly added with increasing viscosity. If only a part of the dispersant is initially introduced, the remaining amount of dispersant is simultaneously added during the addition of the aluminum silicate.
- the manufacturing procedure is not critical for the final properties of the EVF.
- the type of mixing is also not critical for the EVF's final properties. For example, simple stirring devices, ball mills or ultrasound can be used for the dispersion. With intensive mixing, however, the dispersions can generally be produced more quickly and become somewhat finer in the process.
- the amount of dispersant required depends strongly on the specific surface area of the aluminum silicate used. Approx. 1 to 4 mg / m 2 are required as a guideline. However, the absolute amount required still depends on the type of aluminum silicate used and the dispersant.
- the aluminum silicates used can be both amorphous and crystalline, such as precipitated aluminum silicate or zeolite.
- the Al / Si atomic ratio on the surface of the aluminum silicate particles which is decisive for the size of the electroreactivity, was determined by means of ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis).
- the aluminum silicates need not be pure and can easily contain up to 20% by weight of Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , CaO, MgO, Na 2 O and K 2 O. Also up to some Gew.-X S0 3 and Cl can still be present.
- the surface examined by means of ESCA can have up to 25 at% C.
- the loss on ignition ie the weight loss at 1000 ° C.
- the loss on ignition generally ranges between 10 and 15% by weight in the case of the amorphous aluminum silicates.
- An average of approx. 6% by weight of this is moisture, which is equivalent to the weight loss, which is determined by drying at 105 ° C.
- the specific surface area of the amorphous aluminum Silicates, measured by the BET method, are generally between 20 and 200 m 2 / g.
- the crystalline aluminum silicates can be present not only in a salt form, with the monovalent salts being preferred, but also in the H + form.
- the water content determined by drying at 500 ° C. is approximately 1 to 25% by weight, but should preferably be between approximately 5 and 15% by weight.
- Silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxanes and polymeric methylphenylsiloxanes are preferably used as the dispersion medium for the aluminum silicate particles.
- Liquid hydrocarbons such as paraffins, olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons can also be used. Fluorocarbons, polyoxyalkylenes or fluorinated polyoxyalkylenes can also be used, for example.
- the solidification point of the dispersion media is preferably set below -30 ° C, the boiling point above 150 ° C.
- the viscosity of the oils is between 3 and 300 mm 2 / s at room temperature.
- the low-viscosity oils are to be preferred (3 to 20 mm 2 / s), because this achieves a lower basic viscosity of the EVF, so that strong viscosity changes can be achieved by means of the electro-viscous effect.
- Surfactants which are soluble in the dispersion medium and are derived, for example, from amines, imidazolines, oxazolines, alcohols, glycol or sorbitol can be used as dispersants.
- Polymers soluble in the dispersion medium can also be used. Suitable are, for example, polymers which contain 0.1 to 10% by weight of XN and / or OH, and 25 to 83% by weight of XC 4 -C 24 alkyl groups and have a molecular weight in the range from 5'10 3 to 10 6 .
- the N and OH Compounds in these polymers can be, for example, amine, amide, imide, nitrile, 5- to 6-membered N-containing heterocyclic rings or an alcohol and the C 4 -C 24 alkyl groups are esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
- Specific examples of the aforementioned N- and OH-containing compounds are NN-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, tertiary butyl acrylamide, maleimide, acrylonitrile, N-vinyl pyrolidone, vinyl pyridine and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- the abovementioned polymeric dispersants generally have the advantage over the low molecular weight surfactants that the dispersions prepared with them are more stable with regard to the sales behavior and the electroreactivity is less frequency-dependent.
- the functional polysiloxanes according to the invention are particularly preferred dispersants for the production of EVF, the aluminum silicate being dispersed in a silicone oil. Their production is known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
- the Cl-containing compound is produced by cohydrolysis of desired amounts of ClCH 2 (CH 3 ) 2 SiCl, ClCH 2 (CH 3 ) SiCl 2 and (CH 3 ) 2 SiCl 2 .
- ClCH 2 (CH 3 ) SiCl 2 ClCH 2 (CH 3 ) SiCl 2 and (CH 3 ) 2 SiCl 2 .
- Br can also be used instead of Cl.
- SiH groups contain with aminoalkanols, optionally with the addition of suitable catalysts.
- 1-Propanolamine is particularly suitable.
- m can assume the value 0.
- An aminoalkoxy-functional polysiloxane of the formula is particularly preferred as the dispersant where n assumes a value between 15 and 100, preferably between 30 and 70.
- the electrode area of the inner rotating cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm is approximately 78 cm 2 , the gap between the electrodes is 0.58 mm.
- the shear load can be set up to a maximum of 2330 s -1 .
- the measuring range of the viscometer for the shear stress is a maximum of 750 Pa. Static and dynamic measurements are possible.
- the EVF can be excited with both DC voltage and AC voltage.
- a constant shear rate O ⁇ D ⁇ 2330 s -1 is set and the dependence of the shear stress T on the electric field strength E is measured. Alternating fields can be measured with the test equipment up to a maximum effective field strength of 2370 kV / m at a maximum effective current of 4 mA and a frequency of 50 Hz. Flow curves corresponding to FIG. 1 are obtained. It can be seen that the shear stress T initially increases parabolically for small field strengths and linearly for larger field strengths. The slope S of the linear part of the curve can be seen in FIG. 1 and is given in Pa.m / kV.
- the measurements can be repeated with different shear rates D.
- the values determined for E O and S generally vary in a range of approx. ⁇ 5% to ⁇ 20% around the mean.
- the recipes marked with the letter E correspond to the examples according to the invention, while the other examples are to be regarded as prior art (basis for comparison).
- Formulations 1 to 14 show the influence of the Al / Si atomic ratio on the surface of the different disperse phases. With the formulations 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23 and 24 it is clear that the good effect of the Al silicates according to the invention is also retained with other dispersants. Examples 20, 21 and 25 show that this also applies to other dispersion media.
- Examples 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 21, 25 show that the EVF according to the invention still have a good effect even at higher temperatures. Particularly noteworthy is the good effect at higher temperatures in the EVF containing dispersants based on polysiloxane (Examples 7 and 25 in comparison to Examples 15 and 20).
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von elektroviskosen Suspensionen, welche mehr als 25 Gew.-% eines Aluminiumsilikats mit einem Wassergehalt von 1 bis 25 Gew..-% als disperse Phase und eine elektrisch nicht leitende hydrophobe Flüssigkeit als flüssige Phase, sowie ein Dispergiermittel enthalten.The invention is based on electroviscous suspensions which contain more than 25% by weight of an aluminum silicate with a water content of 1 to 25% by weight as the disperse phase and an electrically non-conductive hydrophobic liquid as the liquid phase, and also a dispersant.
Elektroviskose Flüssigkeiten (EVF) sind Dispersionen feinverteilter hydrophiler Feststoffe in hydrophoben elektrisch nicht leitenden Ölen, deren Viskosität sich unter dem Einfluß eines hinreichend starken elektrischen Feldes sehr schnell und reversibel vom flüssigen bis zum plastischen oder festen Zustand erhöhen läßt. Zur Änderung der Viskosität kann man sowohl elektrische Gleichfelder als auch Wechselfelder benutzen. Die dabei durch die EVF fließenden Ströme sind extrem niedrig. Daher lassen sich EVF überall dort einsetzen, wo die Übertragung großer Kräfte mit Hilfe geringer elektrischer Leistungen gesteuert werden soll, z.B. in Kupplungen, Hydraulikventilen, Stoßdämpfern, Vibratoren oder Vorrichtungen zum Positionieren und Festhalten von Werkstücken.Electroviscous liquids (EVF) are dispersions of finely divided hydrophilic solids in hydrophobic, electrically non-conductive oils, whose viscosity can be increased very quickly and reversibly from the liquid to the plastic or solid state under the influence of a sufficiently strong electric field. Both electrical DC fields and AC fields can be used to change the viscosity. The currents flowing through the EVF are extremely low. Therefore EVF can be used wherever the transmission of large forces is to be controlled with the help of low electrical power, e.g. in couplings, hydraulic valves, shock absorbers, vibrators or devices for positioning and holding workpieces.
Im allgemeinen bestehen die von der Praxis hergestellten Anforderungen darin, daß die EVF in einem Temperaturbereich von ca. -50°C bis 150°C flüssig und chemisch beständig ist und zumindest in einem Temperaturbereich von -30°C bis 110°C einen ausreichenden elektroviskosen Effekt zeigt. Es muß auch gewährleistet sein, daß die EVF in einem langen Zeitraum stabil bleibt, d.h. keine Phasentrennung stattfindet und sich insbesondere kein schwer redispergierbares Sediment bildet. Falls die EVF mit elastomeren Werkstoffen in Berührung kommen, sollen diese hiervon nicht angegriffen oder angequollen werden.In general, the requirements established by practice are that the EVF is liquid and chemically stable in a temperature range from approximately -50 ° C. to 150 ° C. and that it is sufficiently electroviscous at least in a temperature range from -30 ° C. to 110 ° C. Effect shows. It must also be ensured that the EVF remains stable over a long period of time, i.e. no phase separation takes place and in particular no sediment that is difficult to redisperse forms. If the EVF comes into contact with elastomeric materials, they should not be attacked or swollen by it.
Bereits 1962 wurden in dem US-Patent 30 47 507 eine ganze Reihe von Substanzen als disperse Phase für EVF vorgeschlagen. Dabei wurde Silikagel als bevorzugte Substanz erwähnt. Ferner wurden EVF auf der Basis von Silikagel-Dispersionen in nichtleitenden Ölen in dem britischen Patent 1 076 754 beschrieben, wobei hier der Wassergehalt der Silikagel-Teilchen und die Art wie dieses Wasser gebunden ist, als besonders kritisch in bezug auf die Elektroreaktivität der EVF angesehen wird, In der jüngeren Literatur werden EVF auf der Basis von unterschiedlichen Typen von Ionenaustauscherteilchen beschrieben (siehe z.B. deutsche Offenlegungsschrift 25 30 694 und britisches Patent 15 70 234). In dem US-Patent 30 47 507 wird bereits darauf hingewiesen, daß diese EVF vergleichbare elektroviskose Effekte zeigen wie die EVF auf Basis von Silikagel-Teilchen. Die Teilchengröße der Ionenaustauscherteilchen soll zwischen 1 bis 50 um liegen. Dies hat zur Folge, daß sich die Teilchen absetzen. Zur Vermeidung des Absetzens der verhältnismäßig großen Teilchen wird üblicherweise die Dichte der flüssigen Phase an die Dichte der dispersen Phase angepaßt. Diese Dichte-Anpassung ist aber temperaturabhängig und darum nicht praxisgerecht.As early as 1962, a whole series of substances were proposed as a disperse phase for EVF in US Pat. No. 3,047,507. Silica gel was mentioned as the preferred substance. EVFs based on silica gel dispersions in non-conductive oils have also been described in British Patent 1,076,754, where the water content of the silica gel particles and the manner in which this water is bound are considered to be particularly critical with regard to the electroreactivity of the EVF In the more recent literature, EVFs are described on the basis of different types of ion exchange particles (see, for example, German Offenlegungsschrift 25 30 694 and British Patent 15 70 234). In the US patent 30 47 507 it is already pointed out that these EVF show comparable electroviscous effects as the EVF based on silica gel particles. The particle size of the ion exchange particles should be between 1 and 50 µm. As a result, the particles settle. To avoid settling of the relatively large particles is becoming more common as the density of the liquid phase adapted to the density of the disperse phase. However, this density adjustment is temperature-dependent and therefore not practical.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, EVF mit einer deutlich höheren Elektroreaktivität bereitzustellen, die bevorzugt auch bei hohen Temperaturen noch erhalten bleibt und außerdem eine geringe elektrische Leitfähigkeit besitzen.The invention has for its object to provide EVF with a significantly higher electrical reactivity, which is preferably maintained even at high temperatures and also have a low electrical conductivity.
Diese Aufgabe wird, ausgehend von einer EVF, die ein mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Dispergiermittels in einer elektrisch nichtleitenden Flüssigkeit dispergiertes Aluminiumsilikat enthält, erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Atomverhältnis Al/Si auf der Oberfläche des Aluminiumsilikats zwischen 0,15 und 0,80, bevorzugt zwischen 0,2 und 0,75 liegt. Das Al/Si Atomverhältnis kann auf der Oberfläche der Teilchen erheblich von der Volumenzusammensetzung abweichen.Starting from an EVF which contains an aluminum silicate dispersed in an electrically non-conductive liquid with the aid of a suitable dispersant, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the atomic ratio Al / Si on the surface of the aluminum silicate is preferably between 0.15 and 0.80 is between 0.2 and 0.75. The Al / Si atomic ratio on the surface of the particles can differ considerably from the volume composition.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden als Dispergiermittel aminofunktionelle oder hydroxyfunktionelle oder acetoxyfunktionelle oder alkoxyfunktionelle Polysiloxane mit einem Molekulargewicht )800 eingesetzt. Dabei sind die funktionellen Polysiloxane mit einer Konzentration von 1 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 20 Gew.-X, bezogen auf die wasserhaltigen Aluminiumsilikatteilchen, zugesetzt.According to a preferred embodiment, amino-functional or hydroxy-functional or acetoxy-functional or alkoxy-functional polysiloxanes with a molecular weight 800 are used as dispersants. The functional polysiloxanes are added at a concentration of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, based on the water-containing aluminum silicate particles.
Vorzugsweise haben die als Dispergatoren eingesetzten aminofunktionellen Polysiloxane folgende allgemeine Formel
- 10 < n < 1000
- m = 0 bis 5,
- R = H oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 8 C-Atomen und
- X = ein zweiwertiger Kohlenwasserstoffrest ist, der aus C, H und gegebenenfalls 0 und/oder N besteht.
- 10 <n <1000
- m = 0 to 5,
- R = H or alkyl with 1 to 8 carbon atoms and
- X = a divalent hydrocarbon radical consisting of C, H and optionally 0 and / or N.
Die Verknüpfung der Aminogruppen mit dem Silikongrundkörper erfolgt entweder über eine SiC- oder über eine SiOC-Bindung. Ist eine SiC-Bindung gewünscht, so steht X für einen zweiwertigen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 6, vor zugsweise 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen. Besonders bevorzugt als aminofunktioneller Rest sind die Aminomethyl- und Aminopropylgruppierung. Der zweiwertige Rest X kann außer C und H auch N enthalten. So kann X-NHR z.B. die Gruppierung CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2 bedeuten. Ist eine SiOC-Verknüpfung gewünscht, so ist der aminofunktionelle Rest
Anstelle von aminofunktionellen Polysiloxanen können auch siliziumfunktionelle Polysiloxane der allgemeinen Formel
Bevorzugt enthalten die vorgenannten als Dispergiermittel verwendbaren funktionellen Polysiloxane 20 bis 300 Dimethylsiloxaneinheiten. Diese ermöglichen insbesondere die Herstellung von Dispersionen mit hohem Feststoffgehalt bei nicht zu hoher Grundviskosität.The aforementioned functional polysiloxanes which can be used as dispersants preferably contain 20 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units. In particular, these enable the production of dispersions with a high solids content and not too high a basic viscosity.
Mit der Erfindung werden folgende Vorteile erzielt:
- Aluminiumsilikathaltige EVF zeigen überraschenderweise wesentlich größere Elektroreaktivitäten als solche mit Silikagel oder Aluminiumoxid.
- Aluminum silicate-containing EVFs surprisingly show significantly greater electrical reactivities than those with silica gel or aluminum oxide.
Für die erfindungsgemäßen, mit Silikonöl hergestellten EVF gilt, daß sie mit elastomeren Werkstoffen, insbesondere mit Gummi bestens verträglich, absetzstabil und physiologisch indifferent (ungiftig) sind. Außerdem sind sie innerhalb eines ungewöhnlich weiten Temperaturbereichs wärme- und kältebeständig und weisen nur eine geringe Druckabhängigkeit der Viskosität auf. Darüber hinaus haben die erfindungsgemäßen elektroviskosen Suspensionen günstige, nur wenig von der Temperatur und der Frequenz abhängige dielektrische Werte und eine hohe elektrische Durchschlagsfestigkeit.It applies to the EVF according to the invention, which is produced with silicone oil, that it is perfectly compatible with elastomeric materials, in particular with rubber, is stable in settling and is physiologically indifferent (non-toxic). In addition, they are heat and cold resistant within an unusually wide temperature range and have only a low pressure dependence of the viscosity. In addition, the electroviscous suspensions according to the invention have favorable dielectric values, which are only slightly dependent on the temperature and frequency, and have a high dielectric strength.
Insbesondere für die erfindungsgemäßen EVF mit einem Silikonöl als flüssiger Phase und einem der erfindungsgemäßen funktionellen Polysiloxane als Dispergiermittel, wurde weiter festgestellt, daß die Elektroreaktivität auch bei hohen Temperaturen sehr gut erhalten bleibt.In particular for the EVF according to the invention with a silicone oil as the liquid phase and one of the functional polysiloxanes according to the invention as a dispersant, it was also found that the electroreactivity is very well preserved even at high temperatures.
Als weiterer Vorteil ist hervorzuheben, daß die Herstellung der EVF relativ einfach und daher preisgünstig ist und handelsübliche Produkte als Ausgangsstoffe verwendet werden können.Another advantage is that the production of the EVF is relatively simple and therefore inexpensive and that commercially available products can be used as starting materials.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Beispielen, die in Diagrammen und mittels einer Tabelle verdeutlicht werden, näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 die Abhängigkeit der bei der EVF gemessenen Schubspannung als Funktion der elektrischen Feldstärke bei konstanter Schergeschwindigkeit,
- 1 shows the dependence of the shear stress measured at the EVF as a function of the electric field strength at constant shear rate,
Tabelle 1 die Zusammenfassung der dispersen Phasen und Tabelle 2 die charakteristischen Daten der erfindungsgemäßen EVF im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik.Table 1 summarizes the disperse phases and Table 2 the characteristic data of the EVF according to the invention compared to the prior art.
Es werden die verfahrenstechnischen Maßnahmen zur Herstellung der EVF, der chemische Herstellungsweg für die Dispergatoren, die zur Kontrolle der gewünschten physikalischen Eigenschaften erforderliche Meßtechnik sowie typische Ausführungsbeispiele für die erfindungsgemäßen EVF angegeben.The procedural measures for the production of the EVF, the chemical production route for the dispersants, the measurement technology required to control the desired physical properties and typical exemplary embodiments for the EVF according to the invention are given.
Zur Herstellung von EVF können handelsübliche Aluminiumsilikate verwendet werden. Bei Bedarf kann der Feuchtegehalt des Aluminiumsilikats erhöht oder erniedrigt werden.Commercial aluminum silicates can be used to manufacture EVF. If necessary, the moisture content of the aluminum silicate can be increased or decreased.
Bei der Herstellung der Dispersionen wird das Dispersionsmedium und ein Teil oder die gesamte Menge Dispergiermittel vorgelegt und unter ständigem Umrühren das Aluminiumsilikat in das Dispersionsmedium eingerührt. Am Anfang kann das Aluminiumsilikat schnell eindosiert werden, während gegen Ende mit zunehmender Viskosität das Aluminiumsilikat langsam zugegeben wird. Wird am Anfang nur ein Teil des Dispergiermittels vorgelegt, so wird während der Zugabe des Aluminiumsilikates die restliche Dispergiermittelmenge gleichzeitig mit zugegeben. Für die Endeigenschaften der EVF ist die Herstellungsprozedur aber nicht kritisch. Auch die Art der Vermischung ist nicht kritisch für die Endeigenschaften der EVF. Es können z.B. einfache Rührvorrichtungen, Kugelmühlen oder Ultraschall zur Dispergierung verwendet werden. Bei einer intensiven Vermischung können die Dispersionen aber im allgemeinen schneller hergestellt werden und dabei etwas feinteiliger werden.During the preparation of the dispersions, the dispersion medium and part or all of the amount of dispersant are introduced and the aluminum silicate is stirred into the dispersion medium with constant stirring. At the beginning, the aluminum silicate can be metered in quickly, while towards the end the aluminum silicate is slowly added with increasing viscosity. If only a part of the dispersant is initially introduced, the remaining amount of dispersant is simultaneously added during the addition of the aluminum silicate. However, the manufacturing procedure is not critical for the final properties of the EVF. The type of mixing is also not critical for the EVF's final properties. For example, simple stirring devices, ball mills or ultrasound can be used for the dispersion. With intensive mixing, however, the dispersions can generally be produced more quickly and become somewhat finer in the process.
Die Menge des benötigten Dispergiermittels hängt stark von der spezifischen Oberfläche des verwendeten Aluminiumsilikates ab. Als Richtwert werden ca. 1 bis 4 mg/m2 benötigt. Die absolut benötigte Menge hängt aber weiter noch von der Art des verwendeten Aluminiumsilikates sowie des Dispergiermittels ab.The amount of dispersant required depends strongly on the specific surface area of the aluminum silicate used. Approx. 1 to 4 mg / m 2 are required as a guideline. However, the absolute amount required still depends on the type of aluminum silicate used and the dispersant.
Die verwendeten Aluminiumsilikate können sowohl amorph, als auch kristallin sein, wie z.B. gefälltes Aluminiumsilikat bzw. Zeolith. Das für die Größe der Elektroreaktivität maßgebliche Al/Si Atomverhältnis auf der Oberfläche der Aluminiumsilikat-Teilchen wurde mittels ESCA (Elektronenspektroskopie für chemische Analyse) bestimmt. Die Aluminiumsilikate brauchen nicht rein zu sein und können ohne weiteres bis zu 20 Gew.-X Fe203, TiO2, CaO, MgO, Na20 und K20 enthalten. Auch können noch bis einige Gew.-X S03 und Cl vorhanden sein. Weiterhin kann die mittels ESCA untersuchte Oberfläche bis zu 25 At % C aufweisen. Der Glühverlust, d.i. der Gewichtsverlust bei 1000°C, bewegt sich bei den amorphen Aluminiumsilikaten im allgemeinen zwischen 10 und 15 Gew.-X. Hiervon sind im Schnitt ca. 6 Gew.-X Feuchte, was gleichbedeutend ist mit dem Gewichtsverlust, der durch Trocknen bei 105°C bestimmt wird. Die spezifische Oberfläche des amorphen Aluminiumsilikate, gemessen nach der BET-Methode, beträgt im allgemeinen zwischen 20 und 200 m2/g. Die kristallinen Aluminiumsilikate können außer in einer Salz-Form, wobei die einwertigen Salze zu bevorzugen sind, auch in der H+-Form vorliegen. Der durch Trocknung bei 500° C bestimmte Wassergehalt beträgt ca. 1 bis 25 Gew.-X, vorzugsweise soll er jedoch zwischen ca. 5 und 15 Gew.-X liegen.The aluminum silicates used can be both amorphous and crystalline, such as precipitated aluminum silicate or zeolite. The Al / Si atomic ratio on the surface of the aluminum silicate particles, which is decisive for the size of the electroreactivity, was determined by means of ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis). The aluminum silicates need not be pure and can easily contain up to 20% by weight of Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , CaO, MgO, Na 2 O and K 2 O. Also up to some Gew.-X S0 3 and Cl can still be present. Furthermore, the surface examined by means of ESCA can have up to 25 at% C. The loss on ignition, ie the weight loss at 1000 ° C., generally ranges between 10 and 15% by weight in the case of the amorphous aluminum silicates. An average of approx. 6% by weight of this is moisture, which is equivalent to the weight loss, which is determined by drying at 105 ° C. The specific surface area of the amorphous aluminum Silicates, measured by the BET method, are generally between 20 and 200 m 2 / g. The crystalline aluminum silicates can be present not only in a salt form, with the monovalent salts being preferred, but also in the H + form. The water content determined by drying at 500 ° C. is approximately 1 to 25% by weight, but should preferably be between approximately 5 and 15% by weight.
Als Dispersionsmedium für die Aluminiumsilikatteilchen werden vorzugsweise Silikonöle wie Polydimethylsiloxane und polymere Methylphenylsiloxane verwendet. Auch sind flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe wie z.B. Paraffine, Olefine und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe brauchbar. Weiter können z.B. auch Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe, Polyoxyalkylene oder fluorierte Polyoxyalkylene benutzt werden. Der Erstarrungspunkt der Dispersionsmedien wird vorzugsweise niedriger als -30°C eingestellt, der Siedepunkt größer 150°C. Die Viskosität der Öle liegt bei Raumtemperatur zwischen 3 und 300 mm2/s. Im allgemeinen sind die niedrigviskosen Öle zu bevorzugen (3 bis 20 mm2/s), weil hiermit eine niedrigere Grundviskosität der EVF erreicht wird, so daß mittels des elektroviskosen Effektes starke Viskositätsänderungen erzielt werden können.Silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxanes and polymeric methylphenylsiloxanes are preferably used as the dispersion medium for the aluminum silicate particles. Liquid hydrocarbons such as paraffins, olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons can also be used. Fluorocarbons, polyoxyalkylenes or fluorinated polyoxyalkylenes can also be used, for example. The solidification point of the dispersion media is preferably set below -30 ° C, the boiling point above 150 ° C. The viscosity of the oils is between 3 and 300 mm 2 / s at room temperature. In general, the low-viscosity oils are to be preferred (3 to 20 mm 2 / s), because this achieves a lower basic viscosity of the EVF, so that strong viscosity changes can be achieved by means of the electro-viscous effect.
Als Dispergiermittel können im Dispersionsmedium lösliche Tenside verwendet werden, die z.B, von Aminen, Imidazolinen, Oxazolinen, Alkoholen, Glykol oder Sorbitol abgeleitet werden. Auch können im Dispersionsmedium lösliche Polymere verwendet werden. Geeignet sind z.B. Polymere, welche 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-X N undloder OH, sowie 25 bis 83 Gew.-X C4-C24 Alkylgruppen enthalten und ein Molekulargewicht im Bereich 5'103 bis 106 besitzen. Die N- und OH-haltigen Verbindungen in diesen Polymeren können z.B. Amin-, Amid-, Imid-, Nitril-, 5- bis 6-gliedrige N-haltige heterocyclische Ringe bzw. ein Alkohol sein und die C4-C24 Alkylgruppen Ester von Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure. Spezifische Beispiele für die vorgenannten N- und OH-haltigen Verbindungen sind NN-Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat, Tertiär-Butylacrylamid, Maleinimid, Acrylnitril, N-Vinylpyrolidon, Vinylpyridin und 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat. Die vorgenannten polymeren Dispergiermittel haben gegenüber den niedermolekularen Tensiden im allgemeinen den Vorteil, daß die hiermit hergestellten Dispersionen bezüglich des Absatzverhaltens stabiler sind und die Elektroreaktivität weniger frequenzabhängig ist.Surfactants which are soluble in the dispersion medium and are derived, for example, from amines, imidazolines, oxazolines, alcohols, glycol or sorbitol can be used as dispersants. Polymers soluble in the dispersion medium can also be used. Suitable are, for example, polymers which contain 0.1 to 10% by weight of XN and / or OH, and 25 to 83% by weight of XC 4 -C 24 alkyl groups and have a molecular weight in the range from 5'10 3 to 10 6 . The N and OH Compounds in these polymers can be, for example, amine, amide, imide, nitrile, 5- to 6-membered N-containing heterocyclic rings or an alcohol and the C 4 -C 24 alkyl groups are esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. Specific examples of the aforementioned N- and OH-containing compounds are NN-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, tertiary butyl acrylamide, maleimide, acrylonitrile, N-vinyl pyrolidone, vinyl pyridine and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The abovementioned polymeric dispersants generally have the advantage over the low molecular weight surfactants that the dispersions prepared with them are more stable with regard to the sales behavior and the electroreactivity is less frequency-dependent.
Besonders bevorzugte Dispergiermittel für die Herstellung von EVF, wobei das Aluminiumsilikat in ein Silikonöl dispergiert ist, sind die erfindungsgemäßen funktionellen Polysiloxane. Ihre Herstellung ist dem Fachmann im Prinzip bekannt.The functional polysiloxanes according to the invention are particularly preferred dispersants for the production of EVF, the aluminum silicate being dispersed in a silicone oil. Their production is known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
Die Herstellung der als Dispergator verwendeten aminomodifizierten Polysiloxane varriert je nach der gewünschten Art der Verknüpfung. Verbindungen des Typs
Die Cl-haltige Verbindung wird hergestellt durch Cohydrolyse gewünschter Mengen von ClCH2(CH3)2SiCl, ClCH2(CH3)SiCl2 und (CH3)2SiCl2. Natürlich kann anstelle von Cl auch Br eingesetzt werden.The Cl-containing compound is produced by cohydrolysis of desired amounts of ClCH 2 (CH 3 ) 2 SiCl, ClCH 2 (CH 3 ) SiCl 2 and (CH 3 ) 2 SiCl 2 . Of course, Br can also be used instead of Cl.
Verbindungen des obengenannten Typs, wobei X ein Alkylrest mit 2 bis 6 C-Atomen ist, können beispielsweise hergestellt werden durch platinkatalysierte Addition eines geeigneten Olefins an SiH-haltige Verbindungen. So reagiert beispielsweise Allylchlorid mit einem Silikonöl der Formel
zu einem Y-chlorfunktionellen Silikonöl, das analog zu oben für X = CH2 beschriebenen Reaktion zu dem gewünschten aminofunktionellen Öl umgesetzt werden kann. Alternative Wege sind dem Fachmann im Prinzip ebenfalls geläufig.to a Y-chlorine-functional silicone oil, which can be converted into the desired amino-functional oil analogously to the reaction described above for X = CH 2 . In principle, alternative routes are also familiar to the person skilled in the art.
Verbindungen des obengenannten Dispergatortyps, bei denen X für eine Aminoalkoxygruppierung steht, können hergestellt werden durch Umsetzung von siliziumfunktionellen Ölen, die beispielsweise SiCl, SiOCH2H5,
SiH-Gruppierungen enthalten mit Aminoalkanolen, gegebenenfalls unter Zusatz geeigneter Katalysatoren. Besonders geeignet ist dabei 1-Propanolamin. Im Falle der aminoalkoxyfunktionellen Systeme kann m (vorteilhaft) den Wert 0 annehmen. Besonders bevorzugt als Dispergator ist ein aminoalkoxyfunktionelles Polysiloxan der Formel
Es ist weiterhin möglich, zunächst das Silan
Die so hergestellten EVF wurden in einem modifizierten Rotationsviskosimeter untersucht, wie es bereits von W.M. Winslow in J. Appl. Phys. 20 (1949) Seite 1137-1140 beschrieben wurde.The EVF produced in this way was examined in a modified rotary viscometer, as has already been described by W.M. Winslow in J. Appl. Phys. 20 (1949) page 1137-1140.
Die Elektrodenfläche des inneren rotierenden Zylinders mit einem Durchmesser von 50 mm beträgt ca. 78 cm2, die Spaltweite zwischen den Elektroden 0,58 mm. Bei den dynamischen Messungen kann die Scherbelastung bis maximal 2330 s-1 eingestellt werden. Der Meßbereich des Viskosimeters für die Schubspannung beträgt maximal 750 Pa. Es sind statische und dynamische Messungen möglich. Die Anregung der EVF kann sowohl mit Gleichspannung als auch mit Wechselspannung erfolgen.The electrode area of the inner rotating cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm is approximately 78 cm 2 , the gap between the electrodes is 0.58 mm. For dynamic measurements, the shear load can be set up to a maximum of 2330 s -1 . The measuring range of the viscometer for the shear stress is a maximum of 750 Pa. Static and dynamic measurements are possible. The EVF can be excited with both DC voltage and AC voltage.
Bei Anregung mit Gleichspannung können bei einigen Flüssigkeiten neben der spontanen Erhöhung der Viskosität oder der Fließgrenze beim Einschalten des Feldes auch noch langsame Abscheidungsvorgänge der festen Teilchen auf den Elektrodenoberflächen stattfinden, die das Meßergebnis verfälschen, insbesondere bei kleinen Schergeschwindigkeiten, bzw. bei statischen Messungen. Daher wird die Prüfung der EVF bevorzugt mit Wechselspannung und bei dynamischer Scherbeanspruchung durchgeführt. Man erhält so gut reproduzierbare Fließkurven.With excitation with DC voltage, in addition to the spontaneous increase in viscosity or the flow limit when switching on the field, some liquids can also slow deposition processes of the solid particles on the electrode surfaces take place, which falsify the measurement result, especially at low shear rates or in static measurements. For this reason, the EVF is preferably tested with AC voltage and with dynamic shear stress. This gives well-reproducible flow curves.
Zur Bestimmung der Elektroreaktivität stellt man eine konstante Schergeschwindigkeit O<D<2330 s-1 ein und mißt die Abhängigkeit der Schubspannung T von der elektrischen Feldstärke E. Mit der Prüfapparatur können Wechselfelder bis zu einer maximalen effektiven Feldstärke von 2370 kV/m bei einem maximalen effektiven Strom von 4 mA und einer Frequenz von 50 Hz erzeugt werden. Man erhält dabei Fließkurven entsprechend Fig. 1. Man erkennt, daß die Schubspannung T bei kleinen Feldstärken zunächst parabelförmig und bei größeren Feldstärken linear ansteigt. Die Steigung S des linearen Teils der Kurve kann aus Fig. 1 entnommen werden und wird in Pa.m/kV angegeben. Aus dem Schnittpunkt der Geraden τ = τO (Schubspannung ohne elektrisches Feld) wird der Schwellwert EO der elektrischen Feldstärke bestimmt und in kV/m angegeben. Für die Erhöhung der Schubspannung τ(E)- τO im elektrischen Feld E>EO gilt:To determine the electroreactivity, a constant shear rate O <D <2330 s -1 is set and the dependence of the shear stress T on the electric field strength E is measured. Alternating fields can be measured with the test equipment up to a maximum effective field strength of 2370 kV / m at a maximum effective current of 4 mA and a frequency of 50 Hz. Flow curves corresponding to FIG. 1 are obtained. It can be seen that the shear stress T initially increases parabolically for small field strengths and linearly for larger field strengths. The slope S of the linear part of the curve can be seen in FIG. 1 and is given in Pa.m / kV. From the intersection of the straight line τ = τ O (shear stress without an electric field) the threshold value E O of the electric field strength is determined and given in kV / m. The following applies to the increase in shear stress τ (E) - τ O in the electric field E> E O :
Bei den nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen entsprechen die mit dem Buchstaben E gekennzeichneten Rezepturen den erfindungsgemäßen Beispielen, während die anderen Beispiele als Stand der Technik anzusehen sind (Vergleichsbasis).In the exemplary embodiments described below, the recipes marked with the letter E correspond to the examples according to the invention, while the other examples are to be regarded as prior art (basis for comparison).
Die Rezepturen 1 bis 14 zeigen den Einfluß des Atomverhältnisses Al/Si auf der Oberfläche der unterschiedlichen dispersen Phasen. Bei den Rezepturen 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23 und 24 wird deutlich, daß die gute Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Al-Silikate auch mit anderen Dispergiermitteln erhalten bleibt. Die Beispiele 20, 21 und 25 zeigen, daß dies auch für andere Dispersionsmedien zutrifft.Formulations 1 to 14 show the influence of the Al / Si atomic ratio on the surface of the different disperse phases. With the formulations 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23 and 24 it is clear that the good effect of the Al silicates according to the invention is also retained with other dispersants. Examples 20, 21 and 25 show that this also applies to other dispersion media.
Die Beispiele 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 21, 25 zeigen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen EVF auch bei höheren Temperaturen noch eine gute Wirkung aufweisen. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die gute Wirkung bei höheren Temperaturen bei den EVF, die Dispergiermittel auf Polysiloxanbasis enthalten (Beispiele 7 und 25 im Vergleich zu den Beispielen 15 und 20).Examples 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 21, 25 show that the EVF according to the invention still have a good effect even at higher temperatures. Particularly noteworthy is the good effect at higher temperatures in the EVF containing dispersants based on polysiloxane (Examples 7 and 25 in comparison to Examples 15 and 20).
- Silikonöl 1: Polydimethylsiloxan Viskosität bei 25°C: 5 mm2 s-1 Dichte bei 25°C: 0,9 g.cm-3 Dielektrizitätszahl er nach DIN 53483 bei 0°C und 50 Hz: 2,8Silicone oil 1: polydimethylsiloxane Viscosity at 25 ° C: 5 mm 2 s -1 Density at 25 ° C: 0.9 g.cm -3 Dielectric constant according to DIN 53483 at 0 ° C and 50 Hz: 2.8
- Silikonöl 2: Polymethylphenylsiloxan Viskosität bei 25°C: 4 mm2s-1 Dichte bei 25°C: 0,9 g.cm-3 Dielektrizitätszahl εr bei 25°C: ca. 2,5Silicone oil 2: polymethylphenylsiloxane Viscosity at 25 ° C: 4 mm 2 s -1 Density at 25 ° C: 0.9 g.cm -3 Dielectric constant εr at 25 ° C: approx. 2.5
Isododecan Viskosität bei 25°C: 1,7 mm2 s-1 Dichte bei 20°C: 0,75 g.cm-3 Dielektrizitätszahl er bei 20°C: 2,1
- Dispergiermittel 1:
- Dispergiermittel 2: Sorbitansesquioleat
- Dispergiermittel 3: Tetradecylamin
- Dispergiermittel 4: 2 Heptadecenyl-4,4(5H)-oxazol- dimethanol
- Dispergiermittel 5:
- Dispergiermittel 6:
- Dispersant 1:
- Dispersant 2: sorbitan sesquioleate
- Dispersant 3: tetradecylamine
- Dispersant 4: 2 heptadecenyl-4,4 (5H) oxazole dimethanol
- Dispersant 5:
- Dispersant 6:
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86113763T ATE83794T1 (en) | 1985-10-17 | 1986-10-04 | ELECTROVISCOUS LIQUIDS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3536934 | 1985-10-17 | ||
DE19853536934 DE3536934A1 (en) | 1985-10-17 | 1985-10-17 | ELECTROVISCOSE LIQUIDS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0219751A2 true EP0219751A2 (en) | 1987-04-29 |
EP0219751A3 EP0219751A3 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
EP0219751B1 EP0219751B1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
Family
ID=6283752
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86113763A Expired - Lifetime EP0219751B1 (en) | 1985-10-17 | 1986-10-04 | Electroviscous fluids |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4702855A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0219751B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6295397A (en) |
KR (1) | KR940008392B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE83794T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU579945B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8605052A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1280590C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3536934A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK162725C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2053427T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI82260C (en) |
NO (1) | NO168537C (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA867836B (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0265252A2 (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1988-04-27 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Electric field dependent fluids |
EP0319201A2 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-06-07 | Lord Corporation | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0393830A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-10-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0393831A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-10-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0396237A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-11-07 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0432601A1 (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-19 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous fluids based on dispersed polyethers |
EP0444421A1 (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-09-04 | Dow Corning Corporation | Electrorheological fluids based on silicone ionomer particles |
EP0448874A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-10-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluid apparatus |
EP0472991A1 (en) * | 1990-08-25 | 1992-03-04 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous fluids based on polymerdispersions with an eletrolyte containing disperser phase |
FR2712600A1 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-24 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Anhydrous electro-rheological fluid |
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5143708A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1992-09-01 | Mizusawa Industrial Chemicals, Ltd. | Tetracosahedral siliceous particles and process for preparation thereof |
JPH01266195A (en) * | 1988-04-19 | 1989-10-24 | Bridgestone Corp | Electroviscous fluid |
JPH02164438A (en) * | 1988-12-17 | 1990-06-25 | Bridgestone Corp | Electroviscous liquid |
US5075021A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-12-24 | Carlson J David | Optically transparent electrorheological fluids |
FR2652818B1 (en) * | 1989-10-09 | 1994-04-01 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | ZEOLITE SUSPENSION COMPRISING A SILICONE RESIN. |
US5032308A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-07-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Layered mixed metal hydroxides in electrorheological fluids |
US5496483A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1996-03-05 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous liquid based on dispersed modified polyethers |
US5071581A (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1991-12-10 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrorheological fluids based on crown ethers and quaternary amines |
US5032307A (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1991-07-16 | Lord Corporation | Surfactant-based electrorheological materials |
US5252249A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1993-10-12 | Bridgestone Corporation | Powder and electrorheological fluid |
JP2789503B2 (en) * | 1990-07-17 | 1998-08-20 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Electrorheological fluid composition |
US5330704A (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 1994-07-19 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Method for producing aluminum powder alloy products having lower gas contents |
DE4119670A1 (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-17 | Bayer Ag | ELECTROVISCOSE LIQUID BASED ON POLYETHER ACRYLATE AS A DISPERSE PHASE |
US5364565A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1994-11-15 | Ford Motor Company | Electroviscoelastic gel-like solids |
DE4131142A1 (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-03-25 | Bayer Ag | ELECTROVISCOSIVE FLUIDITY |
WO1993007244A1 (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-04-15 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Electrorheological fluids containing polyanilines |
US5595680A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1997-01-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Electrorheological fluids containing polyanilines |
US5800731A (en) * | 1991-11-28 | 1998-09-01 | Rwe-Dea Aktiengesellschaft Fur Mineraloel Und Chemie | Homogeneous electroviscous fluids using aluminum compounds |
DE69225340T2 (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1998-08-27 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Electrorheological fluid with carbon-containing particles in anisotropic form |
US5294360A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1994-03-15 | Lord Corporation | Atomically polarizable electrorheological material |
US5320770A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1994-06-14 | Dow Corning Corporation | Electrorheological (ER) fluid based on amino acid containing metal polyoxo-salts |
US5702630A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1997-12-30 | Nippon Oil Company, Ltd. | Fluid having both magnetic and electrorheological characteristics |
WO1994010693A1 (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-11 | Lord Corporation | Thixotropic magnetorheological materials |
US5536426A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1996-07-16 | Nippon Oil Company, Ltd. | Electrorheological fluid containing carbonaceous particles |
JPH0790290A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-04-04 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Dispersing particle having effects of both magnetic and electric viscosity and fluid by using the same |
DE69512328T2 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 2000-01-20 | Tonen Corp | ELECTROVISCAL FLUID |
US5552076A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1996-09-03 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Anhydrous amorphous ceramics as the particulate phase in electrorheological fluids |
US5607996A (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 1997-03-04 | Ford Motor Company | Electrorheological elastomers useful as variable stiffness articles |
US5693367A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1997-12-02 | Bridgestone Corporation | Process for producing a powder material for an electro-rheological fluid |
CN1037911C (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1998-04-01 | 清华大学 | Mica series electric rheologic liquid |
JPH09255982A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1997-09-30 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Electroviscous fluid |
JPH1081889A (en) | 1996-09-06 | 1998-03-31 | Bridgestone Corp | Powder for electroviscous fluid |
DE19717693A1 (en) | 1997-04-26 | 1998-10-29 | Schenck Ag Carl | Actuator and damper device |
DE19735897A1 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-25 | Bayer Ag | clutch |
DE19735898A1 (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1999-02-25 | Schenck Ag Carl | Valve and shock absorber based on electrorheological fluids |
US6177031B1 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2001-01-23 | General Electric Company | Thixotropic dielectric fluid for capacitors |
US6352651B1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2002-03-05 | Bridgestone Corporation | Electrorheological fluid |
DE10115302A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-02 | Matthias Hahn | Method of removing an oil slick or the like from a water surface and apparatus therefor |
DE102005040157A1 (en) * | 2005-08-25 | 2007-03-01 | Degussa Ag | Nanoscale powder and dispersant paste |
DE102006031738A1 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2008-01-17 | Kastriot Merlaku | Brake system e.g. disk brake, for e.g. motorcycle, has flat, disk-shaped container filled with liquid e.g. electrorheologica liquid, which changes their physical aggregation state of liquid to ductile or solid and vice versa |
KR20120055351A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Eletrorheological fluid having characteristic of newtonian fluid |
DE102011018177A1 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-25 | Raino Petricevic | Paste i.e. electro-rheological polishing paste, for use in e.g. controllable rotary damper, has solid particles wetted by isolation liquid and/or slip agent and surrounded by plastic and/or structure-viscous material |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3047507A (en) * | 1960-04-04 | 1962-07-31 | Wefco Inc | Field responsive force transmitting compositions |
US3367872A (en) * | 1967-02-15 | 1968-02-06 | Union Oil Co | Electroviscous fluid composition |
EP0170939A1 (en) * | 1984-07-26 | 1986-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous fluids |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5832197B2 (en) * | 1976-07-31 | 1983-07-11 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | electrorheological fluid |
-
1985
- 1985-10-17 DE DE19853536934 patent/DE3536934A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-10-01 US US06/914,211 patent/US4702855A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-10-02 NO NO863932A patent/NO168537C/en unknown
- 1986-10-04 DE DE8686113763T patent/DE3687337D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-10-04 AT AT86113763T patent/ATE83794T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-04 EP EP86113763A patent/EP0219751B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-04 ES ES86113763T patent/ES2053427T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-13 JP JP61241567A patent/JPS6295397A/en active Pending
- 1986-10-13 AU AU63954/86A patent/AU579945B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-10-15 FI FI864166A patent/FI82260C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-15 CA CA000520461A patent/CA1280590C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-16 ZA ZA867836A patent/ZA867836B/en unknown
- 1986-10-16 DK DK495386A patent/DK162725C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-16 KR KR1019860008683A patent/KR940008392B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-16 BR BR8605052A patent/BR8605052A/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3047507A (en) * | 1960-04-04 | 1962-07-31 | Wefco Inc | Field responsive force transmitting compositions |
US3367872A (en) * | 1967-02-15 | 1968-02-06 | Union Oil Co | Electroviscous fluid composition |
EP0170939A1 (en) * | 1984-07-26 | 1986-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous fluids |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0265252A2 (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1988-04-27 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Electric field dependent fluids |
EP0265252A3 (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1989-01-25 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Electric field dependent fluids |
EP0319201A2 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-06-07 | Lord Corporation | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0319201A3 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-10-11 | Lord Corporation | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0396237A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-11-07 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0393831A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-10-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0393830A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-10-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluids |
EP0432601A1 (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-19 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous fluids based on dispersed polyethers |
EP0448874A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-10-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrorheological fluid apparatus |
EP0444421A1 (en) * | 1990-01-29 | 1991-09-04 | Dow Corning Corporation | Electrorheological fluids based on silicone ionomer particles |
EP0472991A1 (en) * | 1990-08-25 | 1992-03-04 | Bayer Ag | Electroviscous fluids based on polymerdispersions with an eletrolyte containing disperser phase |
US5268118A (en) * | 1990-08-25 | 1993-12-07 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Electroviscous liquids based on polymer dispersions with an electrolyte-containing disperse phase |
FR2712600A1 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-24 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Anhydrous electro-rheological fluid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI864166A (en) | 1987-04-18 |
DE3687337D1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
EP0219751A3 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
KR870003817A (en) | 1987-05-04 |
BR8605052A (en) | 1987-07-14 |
NO863932D0 (en) | 1986-10-02 |
FI864166A0 (en) | 1986-10-15 |
CA1280590C (en) | 1991-02-26 |
ZA867836B (en) | 1987-06-24 |
US4702855A (en) | 1987-10-27 |
DK162725B (en) | 1991-12-02 |
NO168537C (en) | 1992-03-04 |
DE3536934A1 (en) | 1987-04-23 |
ATE83794T1 (en) | 1993-01-15 |
FI82260B (en) | 1990-10-31 |
JPS6295397A (en) | 1987-05-01 |
KR940008392B1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
EP0219751B1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
NO863932L (en) | 1987-04-21 |
NO168537B (en) | 1991-11-25 |
DK495386A (en) | 1987-04-18 |
FI82260C (en) | 1991-02-11 |
DK495386D0 (en) | 1986-10-16 |
AU6395486A (en) | 1987-04-30 |
ES2053427T3 (en) | 1994-08-01 |
DK162725C (en) | 1992-04-21 |
AU579945B2 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0219751B1 (en) | Electroviscous fluids | |
EP0170939B1 (en) | Electroviscous fluids | |
EP0201827B1 (en) | Electroviscous fluids | |
DE3636473B4 (en) | Pre-activated organophilic clay gelling agent for greases and its use | |
DE60008533T2 (en) | STABLE MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL LIQUIDS | |
DE3237630C2 (en) | ||
DE2754758A1 (en) | Smectite clay modified with methylbenzyl-di:alkyl-ammonium salt - is organophilic and gellable and used in lubricant grease, foundry sand binder, coating compsn. etc. | |
DE4026881A1 (en) | ELECTROVISCOSE LIQUIDS BASED ON POLYMER DISPERSIONS WITH ELECTROLYTE DISPERSER PHASE | |
EP0310903B1 (en) | Organosilicium compound thickener for oils | |
EP0432601B1 (en) | Electroviscous fluids based on dispersed polyethers | |
EP0023533B1 (en) | Defoaming agent for liquids | |
DE3124675A1 (en) | EMULSION CRUSHER AND METHOD FOR BREAKING EMULSIONS | |
EP2007840A1 (en) | Methods of preparing hydrocarbon, water and organophilic clay emulsions and compositions thereof | |
KR20010019614A (en) | Electrorheological Fluids Dispersed Multi-Phase | |
DE4131142A1 (en) | ELECTROVISCOSIVE FLUIDITY | |
EP2016117B1 (en) | Stable sediment dispersion, process for manufacture and uses | |
DE1694345A1 (en) | Greasy silicone mass | |
DE4119670A1 (en) | ELECTROVISCOSE LIQUID BASED ON POLYETHER ACRYLATE AS A DISPERSE PHASE | |
DE3912888C2 (en) | ||
EP0471705A1 (en) | Agent for increasing viscosity in non-aqueous fluid phases, process of making it and its use | |
DE2352548C3 (en) | Backfill liquids | |
EP1577372A1 (en) | Stable aqueous dispersion of particles , its use and its process of production | |
DE69819994T2 (en) | Polyfluoroalkyl siloxanes | |
EP0583763A2 (en) | Electrorheological fluid lased on synthetic lamellar silicate | |
DE1257332B (en) | Grease containing a resin coated colloidal clay |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19861009 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
RHK1 | Main classification (correction) |
Ipc: C10M171/00 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19901214 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 83794 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19930115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3687337 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19930204 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SOCIETA' ITALIANA BREVETTI S.P.A. |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19930329 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19931027 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19931031 |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2053427 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19941031 |
|
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 86113763.6 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: BAYER A.G. Effective date: 19941031 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19960912 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19960917 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19960923 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19960925 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19961003 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19961016 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19961016 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19961031 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19971004 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19971004 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19971005 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19971006 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19971031 Ref country code: FR Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19971031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19971031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980501 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19971004 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19980501 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980701 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 86113763.6 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20001204 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20051004 |