EP0212194B1 - Composting apparatus for comminuting organic waste - Google Patents

Composting apparatus for comminuting organic waste Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0212194B1
EP0212194B1 EP86109255A EP86109255A EP0212194B1 EP 0212194 B1 EP0212194 B1 EP 0212194B1 EP 86109255 A EP86109255 A EP 86109255A EP 86109255 A EP86109255 A EP 86109255A EP 0212194 B1 EP0212194 B1 EP 0212194B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
striking
receptacle
impact wall
striking work
transporting device
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EP86109255A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0212194A1 (en
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Werner Doppstadt
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT86109255T priority Critical patent/ATE47046T1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/02Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
    • B02C13/04Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters hinged to the rotor; Hammer mills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B02C21/02Transportable disintegrating plant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for shredding organic waste according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a device is known from FR-A1-2 540 330.
  • Composting devices in various forms are known. They usually contain fast rotating knives. The organic waste must be pushed into an opening and pressed into the area of the rotating knives. The shredded material is then thrown out via an ejection channel. Such composting devices are only suitable for relatively small amounts of organic waste, in particular they cannot process thick branches or larger pieces of wood. They are complex and uncomfortable to use. The rotating knives are subject to rapid wear.
  • Composting devices are also known in which the organic waste, in particular wood, is comminuted by a hammer mechanism in a chamber. The waste is thrown around in the chamber until sufficient shredding is achieved and the material is thrown out. Here, too, the waste has to be manually inserted into an opening. This device is also only suitable for relatively small amounts of organic waste.
  • a device for shredding organic waste is known, with a container into which a bulk material to be shredded is filled.
  • a conveyor on the bottom of this container transports the bulk material to an impact mechanism which is arranged at one end of the container.
  • the striking mechanism has impact bodies, each consisting of a chain with a weight attached to it.
  • the effective range of this striking mechanism is determined by an imaginary cylinder surface.
  • a baffle plate is arranged above the striking mechanism, which comes close to said imaginary cylinder surface. This baffle plate is pivoted and can spring out.
  • a device is also provided through which the shredded material, which passes between the striking mechanism and the baffle plate, can be returned to the container after sieving for a new passage.
  • the conveyor device works intermittently. For this purpose it is driven by a locking mechanism. This should give the striking mechanism sufficient time to shred and fling a relatively thin front layer of the bulk material before further bulk material is brought in.
  • the FR-A1-2540330 mentioned specifies the bulk material to be shredded: soil, sand, peat, marl, manure, bark, seaweed, vegetable waste, wood from pruning or cutting out trees, scrub, grapevines, wine or distilling residues, household waste and organic waste. These are relatively easy to shred and largely homogeneous materials.
  • composting does not only result in bulk goods of the type mentioned, but also in materials that are difficult to shred, such as tree trunks and thick branches or furniture (in household waste). Such material cannot be crushed with the known device, which works on the principle of a manure spreader. Very heavy impact bodies are required for this. Attaching such heavy masses, which rotate at high speed, to a chain would require an extremely strong chain. There would also be a risk that such a chain could get caught in a strong branch, for example, without being able to break it in one fell swoop.
  • the intermittent feed of the known device cannot prevent blocking of the device in the case of material which is difficult to comminute, since the intermittent feed also takes place regardless of whether the material conveyed in the area of the percussion mechanism has already been comminuted or not. If, in order to avoid this problem, the feed intervals are chosen to be sufficiently large so that even parts that are difficult to shred can be shredded with certainty, then the entire throughput is based on the hardest-to-shred, but of course only occasionally occurring material. Such a device would be extremely uneconomical.
  • CH-A-629 975 discloses a hammer crusher for shredding old material, preferably for shredding metal scrap such as car bodies.
  • This hammer crusher contains a striking mechanism which has a plurality of disks on a shaft at intervals from one another. Bearing axles are mounted off-center in the disks. On the bearing axles, flails are mounted between the discs, which are pulled outwards by centrifugal force when the shaft rotates. The effective range of the flail is limited by an imaginary cylinder surface (hammer stroke circle). The direction of rotation of the flails is such that the flails move from bottom to top on the inlet side.
  • a baffle is located above the striking mechanism. This baffle forms a narrow outlet gap with said imaginary cylinder surface.
  • An inclined conveyor belt transports the material to be shredded to the striking mechanism.
  • a classifying grate is provided at the product outlet.
  • This well-known hammer crusher is a large, stationary system.
  • a device for shredding hay bales is known from US-A-4101 081.
  • Agricultural machines are known which pick up hay and press it into large, cylindrical bales. These bales are relatively easy to transport. However, it is difficult to feed the hay so pressed.
  • the US-PS 4101 081 describes a truck on which the hay bales are loaded with the help of conveyor belts for transport. At the front end of the truck there is a tearing device which contains toothed tearing drums. At the destination, the hay bales are conveyed against this tearing device by the conveyor belts and cut and broken up by the tearing device.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a composting device for crushing organic waste, especially wood, which also crushes compact parts such.
  • the composting device contains a trough-like container that can be loaded onto a conventional truck or e.g. B. a «Unimog can be put on.
  • a trough-like container large amounts of e.g. B. wood by means of a shovel loader or, if necessary, also be added by hand
  • the conveyor transports the material introduced into the container to one end of the container, usually at the rear end of the truck. There the material is fed into the striking mechanism by the conveyor.
  • a slow rent can be set by slowly driving the truck forward.
  • Embodiments of the invention are the subject of claims 2 to 5.
  • FIG. 1 shows a truck 10 in the form of a “Unimog”, on the platform 12 of which a composting device 14 according to the invention is arranged.
  • the composting device 14 contains a trough-like container 16.
  • the trough-like container 16 has an angled part 18 on the front end face, which protrudes above the roof of the driver's cab and protects it from damage by the material given up.
  • a striking mechanism 20 is arranged at the rear end and closes off the container at the rear end.
  • the composting device is a conventional one and therefore not described quick-change device placed on the truck. As can be seen in FIG.
  • a conveyor device 22 is provided on the bottom of the trough-like container 16, which conveys in the direction of the arrow 24 to the striking mechanism 20 and the rear end of the container 16.
  • a device 26 is arranged for the metered, continuous addition of a rotting agent, e.g. B. from calcium cyanamide, to the shredded waste.
  • This addition device 26 is coupled to the drive of the conveying device 22 via a belt drive 28, which is indicated in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity only by a dashed line.
  • the striking mechanism 20 has a plurality of disks 32 on a shaft 30. Eccentric bearing axles 34 are mounted in the disks 32 and thus extend over the spaces between the disks 32. 32 flails 36 are mounted on the bearing axles 34 between the disks. The flails 36 are pulled outwards by the centrifugal force when the shaft 30 rotates. Their effective range is limited by an imaginary cylinder surface 38.
  • the direction of rotation of the striking mechanism 20, which is represented by arrow 40, is such that the flails 36 move from the bottom upwards on the conveyor device side (ie on the left in FIG. 2).
  • a baffle 42 is arranged above the conveyor 22. Baffle wall 42 forms a narrow outlet gap 44 with said imaginary cylinder surface 38.
  • the waste to be shredded is transported by the conveyor 22 into the effective area of the striking mechanism 20. There the material is smashed by the flails 36 and flung up against the baffle 42. It then falls down from the baffle. The conveyor 22 ensures that rebounded material always comes back into the effective area of the flail 36. In this area, the material is exposed to the action of the flails 36 until it is beaten so small that it can pass through the exit gap 44.
  • a row of claws 46 is arranged protruding on the outlet side in front of the outlet gap 44 and into the spaces between the rotating flails 36. Such material then lies in front of the claws 46 and is further crushed by the flails 36 passing between the claws 46.
  • the material that has reached the claws 46 and is severed there is thrown back once or twice into the effective area of the striking mechanism 20, so that complete comminution takes place.
  • a heavy chain curtain 52 is attached, which includes a crushing space 54 with the striking mechanism 20 and the baffle 42. The material is flung around in this comminution space and repeatedly exposed to the action of the striking mechanism 20. The chain curtain 52 prevents material from being thrown backwards by the striking mechanism 20.
  • the conveyor 22 includes a plate 56 extending over the bottom of the container 16 and a pair of endless conveyor chains 62, each of which is guided over two chain wheels 58 and 60.
  • the conveyor chains 62 extend along the two long sides of the plate. In each case one chain track 64 of each conveyor chain 62 runs above the plate 56.
  • the conveyor device furthermore contains cross bars 66 which are connected at their ends to the conveyor chains. When the conveyor chains circulate, the cross bars 66 move over the plate 56 and take the material which has fallen on them in the direction of the striking mechanism 20.
  • the device 26 for adding a rot-promoting agent contains a circumferential roller 70 provided with projections 68.
  • An elastic flap 72 e.g. B. made of hard rubber or plastic, is inclined to the horizontal and lies on the underside of the roller 70.
  • a leaf spring or a leaf spring assembly 74 presses the flap 72 against the roller 70.
  • the device for adding a rot-promoting agent further contains a second elastic flap 76, which also lies inclined against the horizontal towards the roller 70 on the opposite side of the roller.
  • the roller 70 is coupled to a drive shaft of the conveyor 22 via a belt drive 28. In this way it is ensured that the amount of the rot-promoting agent dosed is optimally adapted to the amount of the waste to be composted that is supplied.
  • the conveyor 22 runs faster, and accordingly more rot-promoting agent is metered by the correspondingly faster-running roller 70.
  • the metering takes place in the comminution space 54, in which the comminuted material is whirled around, so that good mixing of the material with the rotting agent is ensured without further measures.
  • the flails 36 can be pivoted into the area within the circumference of the disks 32 bar. So if the flail 36 cannot shred a material part, then it can dodge and pass the part within the disks 32. The part can then get in front of the claws 46. In order to rule out damage here, too, it is provided that the claws 46 are pivoted out and held in their working position by a prestressed spring 78 against a stop 80. In the event of an overload, the claws 46 can therefore dodge and let a non-comminutable part to the exit.
  • the drive of the striking mechanism contains an overload clutch 82 in the form of a turbo coupling, by means of which the torque transmitted to the striking mechanism 20 is limited to a permissible value.
  • a PTO 84 of the truck is connected to a T gear 86, via which the striking mechanism 20 is driven.
  • the rotating housing 88 of the turbo coupling 82 is connected to the input shaft 92 of a rotational speed sensor 94 via a roller 90.
  • the rotational speed sensor 94 is a conventional, commercially available centrifugal force sensor and is therefore not shown in detail. It contains flyweights on a linkage which are driven by the input shaft 92 and perform a speed-dependent stroke. This stroke is transmitted to an actuating lever 96.
  • the adjusting lever 96 adjusts the swash plate and thus the delivery rate of an axial piston pump 100, which is driven by a motor PTO 102 at a constant speed, via a linkage 98.
  • the axial piston pump 100 is connected via a line 104 to a hydraulic motor 106 which drives the chain wheel 60. By changing the delivery rate of the axial piston pump 100, the speed of the hydraulic motor 106 and thus the speed of the delivery device 22 are changed.
  • the trough-like container can also be removed from a truck in the manner of a “container” by means of a hook lift, a cable pull or the like, so that it is used stationary in operation. The container is then placed back on the truck and transported away.
  • a separate drive motor can also be provided for the composting device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)

Abstract

1. Compost device for comminuting organic waste, comprising : (a) a receptacle (16) adapted to be put on a lorry (10), (b) a transporting device (22) on the bottom of this receptacle (16), which transporting device transports toward one end of the receptacle, (c) a striking work (20) driven by a driving mechanism, which striking work closes the receptacle (16) at said one end and which has rotating striking bodies drawn outwards under the action of the centrifugal force, the rotating direction of which striking bodies is such that the striking bodies at the side of the transporting device move from below to the top and the action region of which is limited by an imaginary cylinder surface (38), (d) an impact wall (42) arranged above the striking work (20), which impact wall forms a narrow exit slot (44) with said imaginary cylinder surface (38), characterized in that (e) the striking work (20) has a plurality of discs (32) spaced from each other on a shaft (30), (f) eccentric bearing shafts (34) are mounted in the discs (32), (g) the striking bodies are formed by hammers (36) which are pivotally mounted on the bearing shafts (34) between the discs (32), and (h) a series of catching claws (46) is arranged on the exit side in front of the exit slot (44) and extends into the interspaces between the rotating hammers (36), (i) the catching claws (46) are mounted to be rotated outwardly, and (j) the catching claws (46) are held in their working position against a stop (80) through a biased spring (78).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gerät zum Zerkleinern von organischem Abfall nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for shredding organic waste according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ein solches Gerät ist bekannt durch die FR-A1-2 540 330. Es sind Kompostiergeräte in verschiedener Form bekannt. Sie enthalten üblicherweise schnell umlaufende Messer. Der organische Abfall muß dabei in eine Öffnung eingeschoben und in den Bereich der umlaufenden Messer gedrückt werden. Das zerkleinerte Material wird dann über einen Auswurfkanal herausgeschleudert. Solche Kompostiergeräte sind nur relativ geringe Mengen von organischem Abfall geeignet, können insbesondere nicht stärkere Äste oder größere Holzstücke verarbeiten. Sie sind aufwendig und unbequem in der Bedienung. Die umlaufenden Messer sind einem schnellen Verschleiß unterworfen.Such a device is known from FR-A1-2 540 330. Composting devices in various forms are known. They usually contain fast rotating knives. The organic waste must be pushed into an opening and pressed into the area of the rotating knives. The shredded material is then thrown out via an ejection channel. Such composting devices are only suitable for relatively small amounts of organic waste, in particular they cannot process thick branches or larger pieces of wood. They are complex and uncomfortable to use. The rotating knives are subject to rapid wear.

Es sind auch Kompostiergeräte bekannt, bei denen die organischen Abfälle, insbesondere Holz, durch ein Schlagwerk in einer Kammer zerkleinert werden. Die Abfälle werden dabei so lange in der Kammer herumgeschleudert, bis eine ausreichende Zerkleinerung erreicht ist und das Material herausgeschleudert wird. Auch hier müssen die Abfälle von Hand in eine Öffnung eingeführt werden. Auch diese Einrichtung ist nur für relativ geringe Mengen von organischen Abfällen geeignet.Composting devices are also known in which the organic waste, in particular wood, is comminuted by a hammer mechanism in a chamber. The waste is thrown around in the chamber until sufficient shredding is achieved and the material is thrown out. Here, too, the waste has to be manually inserted into an opening. This device is also only suitable for relatively small amounts of organic waste.

Häufig fallen jedoch auch große Mengen von organischem Abfall wie Holz an, beispielsweise in der Forstwirtschaft, bei kommunalen Körperschaften oder Straßenbauämtem. Es ist wünschenswert, Holzabfälle, die beispielsweise beim Verschneiden von Straßenbäumen anfallen, nicht zu verbrennen oder einer Müllverbrennungsanlage zuzuführen, sondern zur Erzeugung von natürlichem Humus zu kompostieren. Durch Verbrennen wie durch eine Müllverbrennungsanlage wird die Umwelt stark belastet. Das Verbrennen in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage bringt außerdem erhebliche Kosten mit sich. Es ist daher bekannt, Holzabfälle zu zerkleinern und in Mieten zu lagem, so daß sie sich durch natürliche Zersetzung in Humus verwandeln, der dem natürlichen Kreislauf der Natur wieder zugeführt werden kann. Zur Beschleunigung der Verrottung werden den zerkleinerten organischen Abfällen verrottungsfördernde Mittel, z. B. Kalkstickstoff, zugeführt. Das geschieht üblicherweise manuell. Die Dosierung und Vermischung der verrottungsfördemden Mittel mit den zerkleinerten Abfällen ist dabei jedoch nur unvollkommen. Es besteht die Gefahr, daß die verrottungsfördernden Mittel vom Regen herausgespült werden und dabei ihrerseits zu einer Umweltbelastung für das Grundwasser und Gewässer führen.However, there are often large amounts of organic waste such as wood, for example in forestry, local authorities or road construction offices. It is desirable not to incinerate wood waste, which is produced, for example, when cutting road trees, or to send it to a waste incineration plant, but rather to compost it to produce natural humus. Burning like a waste incineration plant places a heavy burden on the environment. Burning in a waste incineration plant also entails considerable costs. It is therefore known to shred wood waste and store it in rents, so that it decomposes into humus through natural decomposition, which can be returned to the natural cycle of nature. To accelerate the rotting, the shredded organic waste is promoted by rotting agents, e.g. B. lime nitrogen. This is usually done manually. However, the dosage and mixing of the rotting agents with the shredded waste is only imperfect. There is a risk that the rotting agents will be washed out by the rain and in turn lead to environmental pollution for the groundwater and water bodies.

Durch die FR-A1-2540330 ist ein Gerät zum Zerkleinern von organischem Abfall bekannt, mit einem Behälter, in welchen ein zu zerkleinerndes Schüttgut eingefüllt wird. Eine Fördereinrichtung auf dem Boden dieses Behälters transportiert das Schüttgut zu einem Schlagwerk, das an einem Ende des Behälters angeordnet ist. Das Schglagwerk weist Schlagkörper auf, die aus je einer Kette mit einem daran hängenden Gewicht bestehen. Der Wirkbereich dieses Schlagwerkes ist durch eine gedachte Zylinderfläche bestimmt. Oberhalb des Schlagwerkes ist eine Prallplatte angeordnet, die bis dicht an die besagte gedachte Zylinderfläche herangeht. Diese Prallplatte ist schwenkbar gelagert und kann federnd ausweichen. Es ist auch eine Einrichtung vorgesehen, durch welche das zerkleinerte, zwischen Schlagwerk und Prallplatte hindurchtretende Material nach einer Siebung in den Behälter für einen erneuten Durchgang zurückgeführt werden kann. Um ein Blockieren des Schlagwerkes durch das herangeführte Schüttgut zu vermeiden, arbeitet die Fördereinrichtung intermittierend. Sie wird zu diesem Zweck über ein Gesperregetriebe angetrieben. Dadurch soll das Schlagwerk ausreichend Zeit haben, eine relativ dünne Vorderschicht des Schüttgutes zu zerkleinern und wegzuschleudern, bevor weiteres Schüttgut herangeführt wird.From FR-A1-2540330 a device for shredding organic waste is known, with a container into which a bulk material to be shredded is filled. A conveyor on the bottom of this container transports the bulk material to an impact mechanism which is arranged at one end of the container. The striking mechanism has impact bodies, each consisting of a chain with a weight attached to it. The effective range of this striking mechanism is determined by an imaginary cylinder surface. A baffle plate is arranged above the striking mechanism, which comes close to said imaginary cylinder surface. This baffle plate is pivoted and can spring out. A device is also provided through which the shredded material, which passes between the striking mechanism and the baffle plate, can be returned to the container after sieving for a new passage. In order to prevent the hammer mechanism from being blocked by the bulk material being brought in, the conveyor device works intermittently. For this purpose it is driven by a locking mechanism. This should give the striking mechanism sufficient time to shred and fling a relatively thin front layer of the bulk material before further bulk material is brought in.

Als zu zerkleinerndes Schüttgut wird in der erwähnten FR-A1-2540330 angegeben: Erde, Sand, Torf, Mergel, Mist, Rinden, Tang, pflanzliche Abfälle, Holz vom Beschneiden oder Ausschneiden von Bäumen, Gestrüpp, Weinreben, Kelter- oder Destillierrückstände, Haushaltmüll und organische Abfälle. Das sind relativ leicht zu zerkleinernde und weitgehend schon homogene Materialien.The FR-A1-2540330 mentioned specifies the bulk material to be shredded: soil, sand, peat, marl, manure, bark, seaweed, vegetable waste, wood from pruning or cutting out trees, scrub, grapevines, wine or distilling residues, household waste and organic waste. These are relatively easy to shred and largely homogeneous materials.

In der Praxis fällt jedoch zum Kompostieren nicht nur Schüttgut der erwähnten Art an sondern auch schwer zerkleinerbares Material wie Baumstämme und dicke Äste oder Möbel (im Hausmüll). Solches Material läßt sich mit dem bekannten, nach dem Prinzip eines Miststreuers arbeitenden, Vorrichtung nicht zerkleinern. Es sind dafür sehr schwere Schlagkörper erforderlich. Das Anhängen solcher schwerer Massen, die mit hoher Drehzahl umlaufen, an eine Kette würde eine extrem starke Kette bedingen. Auch bestünde die Gefahr, daß sich eine solche Kette beispielsweise in einem starken Ast verfängt, ohne diesen mit einem Schlag zerschlagen zu können. Der intermittierende Vorschub der bekannten Vorrichtung kann bei schwer zerkleinerbarem Material ein Blockieren der Vorrichtung nicht verhindern, da auch der intermittierende Vorschub unabhängig davon erfolgt, ob das herangeförderte Material im Bereich des Schlagwerkes tatsächlich schon zerkleinert ist oder nicht. Wenn man, um dieses Problem zu vermeiden, die Vorschubintervalle entsprechend groß wählt, daß auch schwer zerkleinerbare Teile mit Sicherheit zerkleinert werden, dann orientiert sich der gesamte Durchsatz an dem am schwersten zu zerkleinernden, aber natürlich nur gelegentlich auftretenden Material. Eine solche Vorrichtung wäre höchst unwirtschaftlich.In practice, composting does not only result in bulk goods of the type mentioned, but also in materials that are difficult to shred, such as tree trunks and thick branches or furniture (in household waste). Such material cannot be crushed with the known device, which works on the principle of a manure spreader. Very heavy impact bodies are required for this. Attaching such heavy masses, which rotate at high speed, to a chain would require an extremely strong chain. There would also be a risk that such a chain could get caught in a strong branch, for example, without being able to break it in one fell swoop. The intermittent feed of the known device cannot prevent blocking of the device in the case of material which is difficult to comminute, since the intermittent feed also takes place regardless of whether the material conveyed in the area of the percussion mechanism has already been comminuted or not. If, in order to avoid this problem, the feed intervals are chosen to be sufficiently large so that even parts that are difficult to shred can be shredded with certainty, then the entire throughput is based on the hardest-to-shred, but of course only occasionally occurring material. Such a device would be extremely uneconomical.

Durch die CH-A-629 975 ist ein Hammerbrecher zum Zerkleinem von Altmaterial, vorzugsweise zum Zerkleinern von Metallschrott wie Autokarosserien, bekannt. Dieser Hammerbrecher enthält ein Schlagwerk, welches auf einer Welle in Abständen voneinander eine Mehrzahl von Scheiben aufweist. In den Scheiben sind außermittig Lagerachsen gelagert. Auf den Lagerachsen sind zwischen den Scheiben Schlegel gelagert, welche beim Umlauf der Welle durch die Fliehkraft nach außen gezogen werden. Der Wirkbereich der Schlegel ist durch eine gedachte Zylinderfläche (Hammerschlagkreis) begrenzt. Der Umlaufsinn der Schlegel ist so, daß sich die Schlegel einlaßseitig von unten nach oben bewegen. Oberhalb des Schlagwerks ist eine Prallwand angeordnet. Diese Prallwand bildet mit der besagten gedachten Zylinderfläche einen schmalen Austrittsspalt. Ein schräg verlaufendes Förderband transportiert das zu zerkleinernde Gut zu dem Schlagwerk. An dem Gutauslaß ist ein klassierrost vorgesehen.CH-A-629 975 discloses a hammer crusher for shredding old material, preferably for shredding metal scrap such as car bodies. This hammer crusher contains a striking mechanism which has a plurality of disks on a shaft at intervals from one another. Bearing axles are mounted off-center in the disks. On the bearing axles, flails are mounted between the discs, which are pulled outwards by centrifugal force when the shaft rotates. The effective range of the flail is limited by an imaginary cylinder surface (hammer stroke circle). The direction of rotation of the flails is such that the flails move from bottom to top on the inlet side. A baffle is located above the striking mechanism. This baffle forms a narrow outlet gap with said imaginary cylinder surface. An inclined conveyor belt transports the material to be shredded to the striking mechanism. A classifying grate is provided at the product outlet.

Bei diesem bekannten Hammerbrecher handelt es sich um eine große, stationäre Anlage.This well-known hammer crusher is a large, stationary system.

Durch die US-A-4101 081 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Heuballen bekannt. Es sind Landmaschinen bekannt, welche Heu aufnehmen und zu großen, zylindrischen Ballen pressen. Diese Ballen sind relativ bequem zu transportieren. Es bietet aber Schwierigkeiten, das so gepreßte Heu zu verfüttem. Die US-PS 4101 081 beschreibt einen Lastkraftwagen, auf welchen die Heuballen mit Hilfe von Förderbändern zum Transport aufgeladen werden. Am vorderen Ende des Lastkraftwagens ist eine Reißvorrichtung vorgesehen, die mit Zähnen versehene Reißtrommeln enthält. Die Heuballen werden am Bestimmungsort durch die Förderbänder gegen diese Reißvorrichtung gefördert und durch die Reißvorrichtung zerschnitten und aufgelöst.A device for shredding hay bales is known from US-A-4101 081. Agricultural machines are known which pick up hay and press it into large, cylindrical bales. These bales are relatively easy to transport. However, it is difficult to feed the hay so pressed. The US-PS 4101 081 describes a truck on which the hay bales are loaded with the help of conveyor belts for transport. At the front end of the truck there is a tearing device which contains toothed tearing drums. At the destination, the hay bales are conveyed against this tearing device by the conveyor belts and cut and broken up by the tearing device.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kompostiergerät zum Zerkleinern von organischem Abfall, insbesondere von Holz, zu schaffen, welches auch die Zerkleinerung kompakter Teile z. B. von Stücken von Baumstämmen oder starken Ästen gestattet und welches dabei die maschinelle Verarbeitung größerer Mengen organischer Abfälle und gleichzeitig das Aufschütten dieser Abfälle zu Mieten gestattet.The invention has for its object to provide a composting device for crushing organic waste, especially wood, which also crushes compact parts such. B. of pieces of tree trunks or strong branches and which allows the mechanical processing of large quantities of organic waste and at the same time the emptying of this waste for rent.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 aufgeführten Maßnahmen.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the measures listed in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Das Kompostiergerät enthält einen trogartigen Behälter, der auf einen üblichen Lastwagen oder z. B. einen « Unimog aufsetzbar ist. In diesen trogartigen Behälter können große Mengen von z. B. Holz mittels eines Schaufelladers oder ggfs. auch von Hand aufgegeben werden. Die Fördereinrichtung transportiert das in den Behälter eingebrachte Material zu dem einen Ende des Behälters, üblicherweise am hinteren Ende des Lastkraftwagens. Dort wird das Material von der Fördereinrichtung in das Schlagwerk eingegeben.The composting device contains a trough-like container that can be loaded onto a conventional truck or e.g. B. a «Unimog can be put on. In this trough-like container large amounts of e.g. B. wood by means of a shovel loader or, if necessary, also be added by hand The conveyor transports the material introduced into the container to one end of the container, usually at the rear end of the truck. There the material is fed into the striking mechanism by the conveyor.

Das von dem Schlagwerk zerkleinerte Material fällt dann vom hinteren Ende des Lastkraftwagens auf den Boden. Durch langsames Vorfahren des Lastkraftwagens kann dabei eine gleichmäßige Miete gesetzt werden.The material crushed by the striking mechanism then falls onto the floor from the rear end of the truck. A slow rent can be set by slowly driving the truck forward.

Es wird auf diese Weise eine kompakte, transportable Anlage geschaffen, durch welche Holzabfälle zerkleinert und in Mieten zum Verrotten deponiert werden können. Solche Holzabfälle können dadurch in relativ kurzer Zeit zu Komposterde umgesetzt werden. Diese transportable Anlage ist geeignet zum Einsatz z. B. bei Entsorgungsunternehmen, Forst- und Straßenbaubehörden und kommunalen Körperschaften. Sie bietet eine umweltschonende Alternative zur Verbrennung solcher Abfälle. Sie ist auch wirtschaftlich, da ggfs. Kosten für den Abtransport und für die Verbrennung der Abfälle in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage entfallen und die erhaltene Komposterde verwendet und ggfs. verkauft werden kann.In this way, a compact, transportable system is created, through which wood waste can be shredded and deposited in rents for rotting. Such wood waste can be converted to compost in a relatively short time. This portable system is suitable for use e.g. B. at waste disposal companies, forest and road construction authorities and municipal bodies. It offers an environmentally friendly alternative to the incineration of such waste. It is also economical, since there may be no costs for the removal and combustion of the waste in a waste incineration plant and the compost obtained can be used and possibly sold.

Bei der Verarbeitung grober Teile, z. B. von Baumstämmen und starken Ästen können jedoch trotzdem während des Umlaufs der Schlegel Materialstücke hinter den Austrittsspalt gelangen, ohne entsprechend zerkleinert zu werden. Um eine Zerkleinerung auch solcher Teile zu gewährleisten, ist austrittsseitig vor dem Austrittsspalt und in die Zwischenräume zwischen den umlaufenden Schlegeln hineinragend eine Reihe von Fangpratzen angeordnet. Solches Material legt sich dann vor die Fangpratzen und wird durch die zwischen den Fangpratzen hindurchlaufenden Schlegel weiter zerkleinert.When processing coarse parts, e.g. B. of tree trunks and strong branches can still get pieces of material behind the outlet gap during the circulation of the mallet without being crushed accordingly. In order to ensure comminution of such parts as well, a row of claws is arranged protruding on the outlet side in front of the outlet gap and into the spaces between the rotating flails. Such material then lies in front of the claws and is further crushed by the flails running between the claws.

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 2 bis 5.Embodiments of the invention are the subject of claims 2 to 5.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert :

  • Fig. 1 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung und zeigt einen Lastkraftwagen mit einem aufgesetzten Kompostiergerät.
  • Fig. 2 ist ein schematischer Längsschnitt des Kompostiergeräts.
  • Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch einen Schnitt etwa längs der Linie 111-111 von Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch den Aufbau der Vorrichtung zur Dosierung von verrottungsfördemden Mitteln.
  • Fig. 5 zeigt die Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Fördereinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von einer abtriebsseitig von einer Überlastkupplung abgegriffenen Drehzahl.
  • Fig. 6 zeigt die Anordnung des Drehgeschwindigkeitsfühlers zu der Überlastkupplung in einer Ansicht von links in Fig. 5.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view and shows a truck with an attached composting device.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of the composting device.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a section approximately along the line 111-111 from FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically the structure of the device for dosing rotting agents.
  • 5 shows the device for controlling the conveying device as a function of a speed tapped on the output side by an overload clutch.
  • FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of the rotational speed sensor to the overload clutch in a view from the left in FIG. 5.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Lastkraftwagen 10 in Form eines « Unimog », auf dessen Pritsche 12 ein erfindungsgemäßes Kompostiergerät 14 angeordnet ist. Das Kompostiergerät 14 enthält einen trogartigen Behälter 16. Der trogartige Behälter 16 weist an der vorderen Stirnseite einen Winkelteil 18 auf, der über das Dach der Fahrerkabine ragt und diese vor Beschädigung durch das aufgegebene Material schützt. Am rückwärtigen Ende ist ein Schlagwerk 20 angeordnet, das den Behälter an dem rückwärtigen Ende abschließt. Das Kompostiergerät ist mittels einer üblichen und daher nicht beschriebenen Schnellwechselvorrichtung auf den Lastkraftwagen aufgesetzt. Wie auf Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, ist auf dem Boden des trogartigen Behälters 16 eine Fördereinrichtung 22 vorgesehen, welche in Richtung des Pfeiles 24 zu dem Schlagwerk 20 und dem hinteren Ende des Behälters 16 hin fördert. Oberhalb des Schlagwerkes 20 ist eine Einrichtung 26 angeordnet zur dosierten, kontinuierlichen Zugabe eines verrottungsfördemden Mittels, z. B. von Kalkstickstoff, zu dem zerkleinerten Abfall. Diese Einrichtung 26 zur Zugabe ist mit dem Antrieb der Fördereinrichtung 22 über einen Riementrieb 28 gekuppelt, der in Fig. 2 der Deutlichkeit der Darstellung halber nur durch eine gestrichelte Linie angedeutet ist.1 shows a truck 10 in the form of a “Unimog”, on the platform 12 of which a composting device 14 according to the invention is arranged. The composting device 14 contains a trough-like container 16. The trough-like container 16 has an angled part 18 on the front end face, which protrudes above the roof of the driver's cab and protects it from damage by the material given up. A striking mechanism 20 is arranged at the rear end and closes off the container at the rear end. The composting device is a conventional one and therefore not described quick-change device placed on the truck. As can be seen in FIG. 2, a conveyor device 22 is provided on the bottom of the trough-like container 16, which conveys in the direction of the arrow 24 to the striking mechanism 20 and the rear end of the container 16. Above the striking mechanism 20, a device 26 is arranged for the metered, continuous addition of a rotting agent, e.g. B. from calcium cyanamide, to the shredded waste. This addition device 26 is coupled to the drive of the conveying device 22 via a belt drive 28, which is indicated in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity only by a dashed line.

Das Schlagwerk 20 weist auf einer Welle 30 eine Mehrzahl von Scheiben 32 auf. In den Scheiben 32 sind außermittige Lagerachsen 34 gelagert, die sich also über die Zwischenräume zwischen den Scheiben 32 erstrecken. Auf den Lagerachsen 34 sind zwischen den Scheiben 32 Schlegel 36 gelagert. Die Schlegel 36 werden beim Umlauf der Welle 30 durch die Fliehkraft nach außen gezogen. Dabei ist ihr Wirkbereich durch eine gedachte Zylinderfläche 38 begrenzt. Der Umlaufsinn des Schlagwerkes 20, der durch Pfeil 40 dargestellt ist, ist so, daß sich die Schlegel 36 fördereinrichtungsseitig (also links in Fig. 2) von unten nach oben bewegen. Oberhalb der Fördereinrichtung 22 ist eine Prallwand 42 angeordnet. Die Prallwand 42 bildet mit der besagten gedachten Zylinderfläche 38 einen schmalen Austrittsspalt 44.The striking mechanism 20 has a plurality of disks 32 on a shaft 30. Eccentric bearing axles 34 are mounted in the disks 32 and thus extend over the spaces between the disks 32. 32 flails 36 are mounted on the bearing axles 34 between the disks. The flails 36 are pulled outwards by the centrifugal force when the shaft 30 rotates. Their effective range is limited by an imaginary cylinder surface 38. The direction of rotation of the striking mechanism 20, which is represented by arrow 40, is such that the flails 36 move from the bottom upwards on the conveyor device side (ie on the left in FIG. 2). A baffle 42 is arranged above the conveyor 22. Baffle wall 42 forms a narrow outlet gap 44 with said imaginary cylinder surface 38.

Der zu zerkleinernde Abfall wird von der Fördereinrichtung 22 bis in den Wirkbereich des Schlagwerks 20 transportiert. Dort wird das Material von den Schlegeln 36 zerschlagen und nach oben gegen die Prallwand 42 geschleudert. Es fällt dann von der Prallwand wieder nach unten. Die Fördereinrichtung 22 sorgt dafür, daß abgepralltes Material stets wieder in den Wirkbereich der Schlegel 36 gelangt. Das Material wird in diesem Bereich so lange der Wirkung der Schlegel 36 ausgesetzt, bis es so klein geschlagen ist, daß es durch den Austrittsspalt 44 hindurchtreten kann.The waste to be shredded is transported by the conveyor 22 into the effective area of the striking mechanism 20. There the material is smashed by the flails 36 and flung up against the baffle 42. It then falls down from the baffle. The conveyor 22 ensures that rebounded material always comes back into the effective area of the flail 36. In this area, the material is exposed to the action of the flails 36 until it is beaten so small that it can pass through the exit gap 44.

Es können jedoch trotzdem während des Umlaufs der Schlegel Materialstücke hinter den Austrittsspait 44 gelangen, ohne entsprechend zerkleinert zu werden. Um eine Zerkleinerung auch solcher Teile zu gewährleisten, ist austrittsseitig vor dem Austrittsspalt 44 und in die Zwischenräume zwischen den umlaufenden Schlegeln 36 hineinragend eine Reihe von Fangpratzen 46 angeordnet. Solches Material legt sich dann vor die Fangpratzen 46 und wird durch die zwischen den Fangpratzen 46 hindurchlaufenden Schlegel 36 weiter zerkleinert. Austrittsseitig von den Fangpratzen 46 und oberhalb des Schlagwerks 20 ist eine zur Austrittsseite hin nach unten geneigte weitere Prallwand 48 angebracht. Diese weitere Prallwand 48 ist mit querverlaufenden Vorsprüngen 50 versehen, welche das gegen die Prallwand 48 geschleuderte Material wieder in den Wirkbereich des Schlagwerks 20 zurückleiten. Somit wird auch das vor die Fangpratzen 46 gelangte und dort durchgetrennte Material noch ein- oder zweimal in den Wirkbereich des Schlagwerks 20 zurückgeschleudert, so daß eine vollständige Zerkleinerung stattfindet.However, pieces of material can still get behind the exit gap 44 during the rotation of the mallets without being comminuted accordingly. In order to ensure comminution of such parts as well, a row of claws 46 is arranged protruding on the outlet side in front of the outlet gap 44 and into the spaces between the rotating flails 36. Such material then lies in front of the claws 46 and is further crushed by the flails 36 passing between the claws 46. On the exit side of the claws 46 and above the striking mechanism 20 there is a further baffle 48 inclined downward towards the exit side. This further baffle 48 is provided with transverse projections 50, which guide the material thrown against the baffle 48 back into the effective area of the striking mechanism 20. Thus, the material that has reached the claws 46 and is severed there is thrown back once or twice into the effective area of the striking mechanism 20, so that complete comminution takes place.

Fördereinrichtungsseitig vor der Prallwand 42 ist ein schwerer Kettenvorhang 52 angebracht, der mit dem Schlagwerk 20 und der Prallwand 42 einen Zerkleinerungsraum 54 einschließt. In diesem Zerkleinerungsraum wird das Material herumgeschleudert und wiederholt der Wirkung des Schlagwerks 20 ausgesetzt. Der Kettenvorhang 52 verhindert, daß Material von dem Schlagwerk 20 nach hinten weggeschleudert werden kann.On the conveyor side, in front of the baffle 42, a heavy chain curtain 52 is attached, which includes a crushing space 54 with the striking mechanism 20 and the baffle 42. The material is flung around in this comminution space and repeatedly exposed to the action of the striking mechanism 20. The chain curtain 52 prevents material from being thrown backwards by the striking mechanism 20.

Die Fördereinrichtung 22 enthält eine sich über den Boden des Behälters 16 erstreckende Platte 56 sowie ein Paar von endlosen, über je zwei Kettenräder 58 und 60 geführten Förderketten 62. Die Förderketten 62 erstrecken sich längs der beiden Längsseiten der Platte. Jeweils eine Kettenbahn 64 jeder Förderkette 62 verläuft oberhalb der Platte 56. Die Fördereinrichtung enthält weiterhin Querleisten 66, die an ihren Enden mit den Förderketten verbunden sind. Beim Umlauf der Förderketten bewegen sich die Querleisten 66 über die platte 56 und nehmen das daraufgefallene Material in Richtung auf das Schlagwerk 20 mit.The conveyor 22 includes a plate 56 extending over the bottom of the container 16 and a pair of endless conveyor chains 62, each of which is guided over two chain wheels 58 and 60. The conveyor chains 62 extend along the two long sides of the plate. In each case one chain track 64 of each conveyor chain 62 runs above the plate 56. The conveyor device furthermore contains cross bars 66 which are connected at their ends to the conveyor chains. When the conveyor chains circulate, the cross bars 66 move over the plate 56 and take the material which has fallen on them in the direction of the striking mechanism 20.

Die Einrichtung 26 zur Zugabe eines verrottungsfördemden Mittels enthält eine mit Vorsprüngen 68 versehene, umlaufende Walze 70. Eine elastische Klappe 72, z. B. aus Hartgummi oder Kunststoff, ist zur Horizontalen geneigt und liegt an der Unterseite der Walze 70 an. Eine Blattfeder oder ein Blattfederpaket 74 drückt die Klappe 72 an die Walze 70 an. Die Einrichtung zur Zugabe eines verrottungsfördemden Mittels enthält weiterhin eine zweite elastische Klappe 76, die ebenfalls gegen die Horizontale zu der Walze 70 hin geneigt auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite an der Walze anliegt. Die Walze 70 ist, wie gesagt, mit einer Antriebswelle der Fördereinrichtung 22 über einen Riementrieb 28 gekuppelt. Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, daß die Menge des dosierten verrottungsfördemden Mittels optimal an die Menge des zugeführten, zu kompostierenden Abfalls angepaßt ist. Wenn viel Abfall anfällt, läuft die Fördereinrichtung 22 schneller, und dementsprechend wird auch mehr verrottungsförderndes Mittel von der entsprechend schneller laufenden Walze 70 dosiert. Die Dosierung erfolgt in dem Zerkleinerungsraum 54, in welchem das zerkleinerte Material herumgewirbelt wird, so daß ohne weitere Maßnahme eine gute Vermischung des Materials mit dem verrottungsfördemden Mittel gewährleistet ist.The device 26 for adding a rot-promoting agent contains a circumferential roller 70 provided with projections 68. An elastic flap 72, e.g. B. made of hard rubber or plastic, is inclined to the horizontal and lies on the underside of the roller 70. A leaf spring or a leaf spring assembly 74 presses the flap 72 against the roller 70. The device for adding a rot-promoting agent further contains a second elastic flap 76, which also lies inclined against the horizontal towards the roller 70 on the opposite side of the roller. As mentioned, the roller 70 is coupled to a drive shaft of the conveyor 22 via a belt drive 28. In this way it is ensured that the amount of the rot-promoting agent dosed is optimally adapted to the amount of the waste to be composted that is supplied. If there is a lot of waste, the conveyor 22 runs faster, and accordingly more rot-promoting agent is metered by the correspondingly faster-running roller 70. The metering takes place in the comminution space 54, in which the comminuted material is whirled around, so that good mixing of the material with the rotting agent is ensured without further measures.

Es kann vorkommen, daß in das Kompostiergerät Teile (z. B. Eisenstücke, Steine oder Betonteile) eingegeben werden, die von dem Schlagwerk nicht zerkleinert werden können. Um eine Beschädigung des Kompostiergeräts in solchen Fällen zu vermeiden, sind verschiedene Maßnahmen getroffen :It can happen that parts (e.g. pieces of iron, stones or concrete parts) are entered into the composting device that cannot be crushed by the striking mechanism. In order to avoid damaging the composting device in such cases, various measures have been taken:

Die Schlegel 36 sind bis in den Bereich innerhalb des Umfangs der Scheiben 32 einschwenkbar. Wenn also der Schlegel 36 ein Materialteil nicht zerkleinern kann, dann kann er ausweichen und innerhalb der Scheiben 32 an dem Teil vorbeigehen. Das Teil kann dann vor die Fangpratzen 46 gelangen. Um auch hier eine Beschädigung auszuschließen ist vorgesehen, daß die Fangpratzen 46 ausschwenkbar gelagert sind und durch eine vorgespannte Feder 78 gegen einen Anschlag 80 in ihrer Arbeitsstellung gehalten sind. Bei Überlast können daher die Fangpratzen 46 ausweichen und ein nicht zerkleinerbares Teil zum Ausgang durchlassen.The flails 36 can be pivoted into the area within the circumference of the disks 32 bar. So if the flail 36 cannot shred a material part, then it can dodge and pass the part within the disks 32. The part can then get in front of the claws 46. In order to rule out damage here, too, it is provided that the claws 46 are pivoted out and held in their working position by a prestressed spring 78 against a stop 80. In the event of an overload, the claws 46 can therefore dodge and let a non-comminutable part to the exit.

Schließlich enthält der Antrieb des Schlagwerkes eine Überlastkupplung 82 in Form einer Turbokupplung, durch welche das auf das Schlagwerk 20 übertragene Drehmoment auf einen zulässigen Wert begrenzt wird. Eine Zapfwelle 84 des Lastkraftwagens ist mit einem T-Getriebe 86 verbunden, über welches das Schlagwerk 20 angetrieben wird.Finally, the drive of the striking mechanism contains an overload clutch 82 in the form of a turbo coupling, by means of which the torque transmitted to the striking mechanism 20 is limited to a permissible value. A PTO 84 of the truck is connected to a T gear 86, via which the striking mechanism 20 is driven.

Wie aus Fig. 5 und 6 ersichtlich ist, ist das umlaufende Gehäuse 88 der Turbokupplung 82 über eine Rolle 90 mit der Eingangswelle 92 eines Drehgeschwindigkeitsfühler 94 verbunden. Der Drehgeschwindigkeitsfühler 94 ist ein üblicher, handelsüblicher Fliehkraftgeber und daher nicht im einzelnen dargestellt. Er enthält Fliegewichte an einem Gestänge, die von der Eingangswelle 92 her angetrieben werden und einen drehzahlabhängigen Hub ausführen. Dieser Hub wird auf einen Stellhebel 96 übertragen. Der Stellhebel 96 verstellt über ein Gestänge 98 die Schiefscheibe und damit die Fördermenge einer Axialkolbenpumpe 100, die von einer Motorzapfwelle 102 mit konstanter Drehzahl angetrieben wird. Die Axialkolbenpumpe 100 ist über eine Leitung 104 mit einem Hydraulikmotor 106 verbunden, der das Kettenrad 60 antreibt. Durch Veränderung der Fördermenge der Axialkolbenpumpe 100 wird die Drehzahl des Hydraulikmotors 106 und damit die Geschwindigkeit der Fördereinrichtung 22 verändert.5 and 6, the rotating housing 88 of the turbo coupling 82 is connected to the input shaft 92 of a rotational speed sensor 94 via a roller 90. The rotational speed sensor 94 is a conventional, commercially available centrifugal force sensor and is therefore not shown in detail. It contains flyweights on a linkage which are driven by the input shaft 92 and perform a speed-dependent stroke. This stroke is transmitted to an actuating lever 96. The adjusting lever 96 adjusts the swash plate and thus the delivery rate of an axial piston pump 100, which is driven by a motor PTO 102 at a constant speed, via a linkage 98. The axial piston pump 100 is connected via a line 104 to a hydraulic motor 106 which drives the chain wheel 60. By changing the delivery rate of the axial piston pump 100, the speed of the hydraulic motor 106 and thus the speed of the delivery device 22 are changed.

Der trogartige Behälter kann auch nach Art eines « Containers » von einem Lastkraftwagen mittels eines Hakenlifts, eines Seilzuges o. dgl., absetzbar sein, so daß er im Betrieb stationär verwendet wird. Anschließend wird der Behälter wieder auf den Lastkraftwagen aufgesetzt und abtransportiert.The trough-like container can also be removed from a truck in the manner of a “container” by means of a hook lift, a cable pull or the like, so that it is used stationary in operation. The container is then placed back on the truck and transported away.

Es kann auch für des Kompostiergerät ein eigener Antriebsmotor vorgesehen sein.A separate drive motor can also be provided for the composting device.

Claims (5)

1. Compost device for comminuting organic waste, comprising :
(a) a receptacle (16) adapted to be put on a lorry (10),
(b) a transporting device (22) on the bottom of this receptacle (16), which transporting device transports toward one end of the receptacle,
(c) a striking work (20) driven by a driving mechanism, which striking work closes the receptacle (16) at said one end and which has rotating striking bodies drawn outwards under the action of the centrifugal force, the rotating direction of which striking bodies is such that the striking bodies at the side of the transporting device move from below to the top and the action region of which is limited by an imaginary cylinder surface (38),
(d) an impact wall (42) arranged above the striking work (20), which impact wall forms a narrow exit slot (44) with said imaginary cylinder surface (38),
characterized in that
(e) the striking work (20) has a plurality of discs (32) spaced from each other on a shaft (30),
(f) eccentric bearing shafts (34) are mounted in the discs (32),
(g) the striking bodies are formed by hammers (36) which are pivotally mounted on the bearing shafts (34) between the discs (32), and
(h) a series of catching claws (46) is arranged on the exit side in front of the exit slot (44) and extends into the interspaces between the rotating hammers (36),
(i) the catching claws (46) are mounted to be rotated outwardly, and
(j) the catching claws (46) are held in their working position against a stop (80) through a biased spring (78).
2. Compost device as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the hammers (36) are adapted to be rotated outwardly into the area within the circumference of the discs (32).
3. Compost device as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that
(a) a further impact wall (48) inclined downwards towards the exit side is attached on the exit side of the catching claws (46) above the striking work (20), and
(b) the further impact wall (48) is provided with transverse projections (50) which return the material thrown against the impact wall (50) into the action region of the striking work (20).
4. Compost device as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that
(a) the driving mechanism of the striking work (20) comprises an overload clutch (82) which is arranged to limit the torque transferred to the striking work (20),
(b) an angular rate sensor (94) is provided, which responds to a rotary speed appearing on the driven side of the overload clutch (82), and
(c) the angular rate sensor (94) is adapted to control the speed of the transporting device (22) such that, when said rotary speed decreases, the speed of the transporting device (22) also decreases.
5. Compost device as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that a heavy chain screen (52) is attached on the side of the transporting device in front of the impact wall (42), which chain screen encloses a comminuting space (54) with the striking work (20) and the impact wall (42).
EP86109255A 1985-08-16 1986-07-07 Composting apparatus for comminuting organic waste Expired EP0212194B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86109255T ATE47046T1 (en) 1985-08-16 1986-07-07 COMPOSTING DEVICE FOR SHREDDING ORGANIC WASTE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3529326 1985-08-16
DE3529326A DE3529326C2 (en) 1985-08-16 1985-08-16 Composting device for shredding organic waste

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0212194A1 EP0212194A1 (en) 1987-03-04
EP0212194B1 true EP0212194B1 (en) 1989-10-11

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AT (1) ATE47046T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3529326C2 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE3666145D1 (en) 1989-11-16
DE3529326C2 (en) 1994-04-14
EP0212194A1 (en) 1987-03-04
ATE47046T1 (en) 1989-10-15
DE3529326A1 (en) 1987-02-26

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