EP0208823A1 - Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement - Google Patents
Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0208823A1 EP0208823A1 EP85850239A EP85850239A EP0208823A1 EP 0208823 A1 EP0208823 A1 EP 0208823A1 EP 85850239 A EP85850239 A EP 85850239A EP 85850239 A EP85850239 A EP 85850239A EP 0208823 A1 EP0208823 A1 EP 0208823A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- resistance
- parts
- electrical resistance
- metallic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminium Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
Definitions
- This invention is for an electrical resistance heating element.
- the invention also is for a cooker hot-plate or the like where one or more elements according to the invention are being used.
- Electrical stoves for household use comprise different kinds of hot-plates. Most important are massive plates, tubular plates and glass hot-plates. In all of these heating is by means of metallic resistance elements which on the first two cases are enclosed in a plate or tube and surrounded by insulating material while in the case of glass hot-plates the element is positioned on an insulating material and radiates heat towards the glass plate which is above the element at a suitable distance.
- the purpose of the present invention is to obtain, in addition to the heating, a light signal which indicates a hot surface. Another object of the invention is to obtain this light signal in connection with the heating without any delay. A further objective of the invention is to obtain faster heating compared to previously used elements. Also a further objective of the invention is to obtain such a heat distribution from the heating element that an equal heating all over the surface of a pan or the like is achieved.
- An electrical resistance heating element is characterized in that it comprises at least two parts made from different materials. These materials shall be such that at least one part of the element is made from a material having a small temperature factor and at least one part is made from a material having a greater, positive temperature factor.
- the parts are electrically connected to each other and preferr- tably at least two parts from different materials are connected in series to each other.
- Temperature factor (c T ) means the ratio of a the electrical resistance of a material at one temperature and the resistance of the same material at another,lower temperature. Depending on whether the resistance of the material increases or decreases as the temperature is increased the temperature factor can be positive or negative.
- Examples of materials having a small positive temperature factor are alloys of nickel-chromium or iron-chromium-aluminium, the temperature factor mostly being not greater than 1.2 in the temperature interval 0-1200°C.
- the temperature factor for this kind of materials is generally positive and the numerical value of any possible negative factor is small.
- Materials having a great temperature factor are e. g. molybdenum, tungsten and molydenumdisilicide. At an increase of the temperature from ambient to 1200°C the temperature factor for molybdenumdisilicide resistance elements is about 10. Variations may occur depending upon the exact composition of the material, possible additives, porosities etc. Corresponding values for molybdenum and tungsten are 5-7.
- a resistance element according to the invention comprises, as mentioned above, at least two parts which are electrically connected to each other.
- the connection can be direct without any intermediate connection means but for many applications materials are used which have such pro perties that a immediate connection of the materials is improper.
- a resistance element according to the invention thus comprises a plurality of parts that are connected to each other and jointly operate to heat a certain surface or object.
- a resistance element according to the invention is shown in figure 1 and figure 2 shows how the parts of the element are connected to each other and an outside voltage source.
- the resistance element has two parts, one part made from metal-ceramic material (1), another part made from metallic material (2). Both parts of the element have connection ends (4a,4b,5a,5b). The parts of the element are resting on a board of insulating material.
- the two materials of the resistance element so that the material (1) which forms the outer shape of the element has a temperature factor such that 5 ⁇ c T ⁇ 15 while the inner part of the element (2) is made from a material such that -1.25 ⁇ c T ⁇ 1.25 in the temperature interval 0-1200°C.
- the elements are pref- ferably of such dimensions that at ambient temperature the ratio of the resistance of the two materials is 1:25 ⁇ R,:R, ⁇ 1:5 where R, is the resistance of the material having the greater c T and R2 is the resistance of the material having the smaller cT. .
- the ratio at the operating temperature is preferrably 1:5 ⁇ R,:R : ⁇ 1:1.
- the maximum working temperature of the parts of the resistance element will only in exceptional cases be more than 1000°C even though the materials of the element can be used at higher temperatures.
- materials and dimensions of the parts of the element as said above one will achieve the advantages wanted such as rapid heating up,rapid control respons, a "light signal" corresponding to the temperature and a controlled heat distribution over the heated surface.
- connection parts made from the same materials as the parts of the element but the cross sectional area is larger.
- the two parts of the element are connected to each other by a connector (7) made from a material having a low electrical resistance.
- the leads to the parts of the element are so designed that they will have a low temperature at the point of connection.
- the connector may thus be made from e. g. aluminium or copper and connection may be by means of soldering or a mechanical clamp. It is also possible to design a connector so that its heat conducting capacity is relatively high and it can then be directly connected to the element without the use of a special connector.
- the parts of the element may also be connected via a special connection box. This can be especially suitable is one wants to change the way the parts of the eioment are connected to each other for control purposes.
- a resistance element is made from two parts as shown in figure 1.
- the outer part is made from a molybdenumdisilicide based material, availab le under the name KANTHAL SUPER, in the form of a wire having a diameter of .5 mm and a total length of 750 mm.
- the inner part of the element was made from a iron-chromium-aluminum-alloy available under the name KANTHAL. It was in the form of a wire having a diameter of .75 mm and coiled to a spiral with a diameter of 5 mm. The total length was 6 m. At ambient temperature the resistance of the outer part was 1 ohm, of the inner part 18 ohms.
- the element was connected to a 220 volts source.
- the outer part of the element was thereby heated and illuminated within 2 seconds. Due to the low resistance of this material at ambient temperature the current was high immediately after switching on. The current then decreases rapidly as the resistance increases as a result of the increasing temperature.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP85850239A EP0208823A1 (de) | 1985-07-15 | 1985-07-15 | Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP85850239A EP0208823A1 (de) | 1985-07-15 | 1985-07-15 | Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0208823A1 true EP0208823A1 (de) | 1987-01-21 |
Family
ID=8194719
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85850239A Withdrawn EP0208823A1 (de) | 1985-07-15 | 1985-07-15 | Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0208823A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0300685A2 (de) * | 1987-07-18 | 1989-01-25 | THORN EMI plc | Materialien für Dickschichtleiterbahnen |
EP0303854A1 (de) * | 1987-08-18 | 1989-02-22 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Elektrischer Heizkörper |
EP0335617A2 (de) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-04 | THORN EMI plc | Strombegrenzung bei Dickschichtfilmheizelementen |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB825049A (en) * | 1955-11-02 | 1959-12-09 | Cyril Lacy Hulbert | Improvements in or relating to electric heating elements |
GB1273023A (en) * | 1969-02-18 | 1972-05-03 | Electricity Council | Improvements in or relating to electric cookers |
DE2210651A1 (de) * | 1972-03-06 | 1973-09-20 | Licentia Gmbh | Elektrisch beheizte kochplatte aus glaskeramik |
US3912905A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-10-14 | Kanthal Corp | Electric resistance heating device |
-
1985
- 1985-07-15 EP EP85850239A patent/EP0208823A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB825049A (en) * | 1955-11-02 | 1959-12-09 | Cyril Lacy Hulbert | Improvements in or relating to electric heating elements |
GB1273023A (en) * | 1969-02-18 | 1972-05-03 | Electricity Council | Improvements in or relating to electric cookers |
DE2210651A1 (de) * | 1972-03-06 | 1973-09-20 | Licentia Gmbh | Elektrisch beheizte kochplatte aus glaskeramik |
US3912905A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1975-10-14 | Kanthal Corp | Electric resistance heating device |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0300685A2 (de) * | 1987-07-18 | 1989-01-25 | THORN EMI plc | Materialien für Dickschichtleiterbahnen |
EP0300685A3 (de) * | 1987-07-18 | 1991-03-20 | THORN EMI plc | Materialien für Dickschichtleiterbahnen |
EP0303854A1 (de) * | 1987-08-18 | 1989-02-22 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Elektrischer Heizkörper |
US4931621A (en) * | 1987-08-18 | 1990-06-05 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer | Electric heater |
EP0335617A2 (de) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-04 | THORN EMI plc | Strombegrenzung bei Dickschichtfilmheizelementen |
EP0335617A3 (de) * | 1988-03-25 | 1991-03-20 | THORN EMI plc | Strombegrenzung bei Dickschichtfilmheizelementen |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19850820 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19870512 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19871218 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: HEGBOM, THOR Inventor name: MAGNUSSON, BENGT |