EP0180667B1 - Vorgefertigte Baueinheiten und Gebrauch im Hochbau - Google Patents

Vorgefertigte Baueinheiten und Gebrauch im Hochbau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0180667B1
EP0180667B1 EP84201602A EP84201602A EP0180667B1 EP 0180667 B1 EP0180667 B1 EP 0180667B1 EP 84201602 A EP84201602 A EP 84201602A EP 84201602 A EP84201602 A EP 84201602A EP 0180667 B1 EP0180667 B1 EP 0180667B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
row
flat elements
panel
modules
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP84201602A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0180667A1 (de
Inventor
Silvano Casalatina
André de Schutter
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Sismo International PVBA
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Sismo International PVBA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to DE8484201602T priority Critical patent/DE3485525D1/de
Priority to EP84201602A priority patent/EP0180667B1/de
Priority to AT84201602T priority patent/ATE72858T1/de
Priority to IN867/MAS/85A priority patent/IN166811B/en
Priority to OA58717A priority patent/OA08317A/xx
Priority to NZ228852A priority patent/NZ228852A/xx
Priority to AU49226/85A priority patent/AU585542B2/en
Priority to HU854208A priority patent/HU213764B/hu
Priority to IL76915A priority patent/IL76915A/xx
Priority to EG70785A priority patent/EG18030A/xx
Priority to MA20789A priority patent/MA20564A1/fr
Priority to FI854363A priority patent/FI82520C/fi
Priority to DZ850244A priority patent/DZ858A1/fr
Priority to PH33016A priority patent/PH26627A/en
Priority to BG72297A priority patent/BG49725A3/xx
Priority to UA3973324A priority patent/UA7199A1/uk
Priority to SU3973324A priority patent/SU1561829A3/ru
Priority to TR45565/85A priority patent/TR23187A/xx
Priority to YU174185A priority patent/YU47132B/sh
Priority to BR8505723A priority patent/BR8505723A/pt
Priority to SI8511741A priority patent/SI8511741B/sl
Priority to CN85108069A priority patent/CN1006727B/zh
Priority to IE277185A priority patent/IE58437B1/en
Priority to ZA858612A priority patent/ZA858612B/xx
Priority to KR1019850008369A priority patent/KR900008987B1/ko
Priority to JP60250581A priority patent/JPS61155529A/ja
Priority to MX553A priority patent/MX162285A/es
Priority to ES548732A priority patent/ES8708154A1/es
Publication of EP0180667A1 publication Critical patent/EP0180667A1/de
Priority to US07/047,555 priority patent/US4864792A/en
Priority to MYPI87001593A priority patent/MY101364A/en
Priority to US07/700,093 priority patent/US5163263A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0180667B1 publication Critical patent/EP0180667B1/de
Priority to HRP920603AA priority patent/HRP920603A2/hr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/44—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen and phosphorus
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E04B2/845—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising a wire netting, lattice or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8658—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms using wire netting, a lattice or the like as form leaves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
    • E04C5/064—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts the reinforcing elements in each plane being formed by, or forming a, mat of longitunal and transverse bars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to prefabricated modules for use in erecting constructions, comprising flat elements of light material and a three-dimensional structure formed by a plurality of welded steel wire trellises which extend along a longitudinal direction and are welded to a series of transverse wires, the trellis being arranged one opposite the other and each comprising parallel longitudinal wires and distance wires which are welded to the longitudinal wires and form, together with the connection wires distance, empty support locations for the flat elements, said support locations comprising a first row and a second row of support locations, an intermediate empty space being defined between the two rows of support locations, a first group of flat elements being provided to be inserted in the first row in order to form a first panel on one side of the three-dimensional structure, a second group of flat elements being provided to be inserted in the second row on the other side of the three-dimensional structure to form a second panel and the intermediate empty space being used as formwork space between the first panel and the second panel for a concrete pour containing reinforcing iron bars
  • Prefabricated modules of this type are described in EP-A-0 061 100, in which the intermediate space between the two panels is used as a lost formwork space which can be filled directly with a concrete pour for a structure of 'vertical support. Resistance to tensile and shear forces is ensured by a reinforcement structure of iron bars embedded in the concrete pour. However, there is no provision for a well-defined position of the iron bars inside the structure. This can result in the risk that iron bars may touch the panels and be improperly embedded in the concrete pour.
  • the module used for a horizontal structure is widely different from the module used for the vertical support structure and it requires the positioning of special reinforcements or iron bars of special preassembled structures in a three-dimensional wire structure different from the structure used for the vertical support module.
  • the technical problem of the present invention is to obtain light and relatively inexpensive prefabricated modules which can be used equally for support structures, either of a vertical structure or of a horizontal structure, and which allow the quick and easy formation of a reinforcement, in particular in the horizontal structure.
  • the prefabricated modules of the invention which are characterized in that the longitudinal wires and the distance wires provide another row of support locations in the intermediate space, a third group of elements. dishes that can be inserted in the other row of support locations, instead of pouring concrete, in that the longitudinal wires form closely spaced pairs of wires, welded to the spacing wires and spaced apart from one another.
  • each of said pairs determining a separation zone such that a row of support locations for the flat elements is alternated with a separation zone inside the three-dimensional structure , and in that the three-dimensional structure can be used for vertical structures as well as for horizontal structures, the desired use of a prefabricated module being de completed by the arrangement of the flat elements in the locations support of the three-dimensional structure.
  • the first group of flat elements entirely occupies the first row of support locations to define a continuous ceiling panel in the lower part of the module while the second group of flat elements and the third group of flat elements partially occupy the second row of support locations and the other row of support locations respectively, to form a row of superimposed flat elements, separated by empty connection spaces which are used as spaces horizontal formwork for concrete pouring ribs together with the ceiling panel.
  • the aforementioned connection spaces are provided for housing horizontal reinforcing iron bars transversely to the longitudinal wires and the longitudinal wires of some of the pairs of wires brought together in the aforementioned connection spaces form stop wires for supporting the iron bars. which are close to the ceiling panel but which are spaced apart from the ceiling panel by the separation distance in order to allow the concrete pour to completely drown said reinforcing iron bar.
  • the modules according to the invention are of a universal type.
  • a module intended for the vertical structure can be used in the horizontal structure and, in the latter case, the flat elements can form the formwork space for horizontal concrete casting, while the separation zones avoid contact between the reinforcing iron bars of the concrete pour and the ceiling panel.
  • the prefabricated module represented by the reference (10) (Fig. 1 - 2 and 3), comprises a three-dimensional reinforcement (11), formed of welded metal wires, and flat elements (12) made of light and / or heat-insulating material, maintained on each side of the frame (11) so as to produce at least one continuous panel (13).
  • the same module (10) can be used, either for load-bearing structures with vertical development (14), or for load-bearing structures with horizontal development (15).
  • the frame (11) comprises a series of lattices (16), equal to each other, substantially planar and of rectangular shape elongated in the longitudinal axis (17).
  • the trellises (16) are arranged, one opposite the other, perpendicular to the panel (13) and are held firmly in their respective positions by means of a double series of transverse wires (18).
  • the length of the wires (18) is equal to the length L of the modules themselves.
  • the axes (17) of the trellises (16) are vertical in the structures (14) and horizontal in structures (15).
  • the transverse wires (18) are, on the other hand, horizontal and parallel to the surface (13), which is vertical in the structure (14) and horizontal in the structure (15).
  • Each trellis (16) is obtained by welding several pairs of longitudinal wires (4, in Figure 1) (21-1, 22-1, 23-1, 24-1, 23-2, 24-2, 22-2 , 21-2) close to each other and parallel to the axis (17), with spacing wires (25) perpendicular to each other and arranged in a constant pitch.
  • the two wires (21-1, 21-2) are the outermost wires of the trellis (16) and the distance between them determines the thickness TM of the module (10); the two wires (24-1 and 24-2) are the innermost wires and the wires (22-1, 22-2, 23-1, 23-2) are interior with respect to the wires (21-1, 24 -1, 21-2, 24-2).
  • the complete reinforcement (11) of the modules (10) and (26) is obtained by welding the transverse wires (18) to the longitudinal wires (21-1, 22-1) so that the corresponding distance wires (25 ) different trellises (16 and 27) can be in the same plane and perpendicular to the planes of the longitudinal wires (21 - 24) and the transverse wires (18).
  • a particularly effective method for producing three-dimensional reinforcements comprising longitudinal wires, distance wires and transverse wires is described in European patent application No. 84870056 filed on 4/4/1984 by SISMO INTERNATIONAL pvba, holder of this request.
  • the prefabricated modules (10, 26) - ( Figures 1, 11a and 11h) normally use expanded polystyrene elements, of the same thickness Tb and width Wb (Fig. 2), independently of the particular use of the module itself.
  • the length Lb of the elements (12) is generally equal to the width L of the module (10 -26).
  • the longitudinal wires (21, 24 and 29) define, with the distance wires (25) simple support locations (70) for a flat element (12) and for two flat elements (12), while the double support locations (71) define separation zones (72), inside the module, and two end zones (73) in the outermost parts.
  • the distance between the locations (70 - 71) and the zones (72 and 73) is equal in each module regardless of the thickness and the use of the module itself.
  • the interaxis Pl of the longitudinal wires (22-1 and 23-1) and the wires (22-2 and 23-2) (fig. 2) of the simple support locations (70) is substantially equal to the thickness Tb elements (12), plus the diameter of the wires, while the interaxis between the wires (24-1 and 24-2) of the double support locations (70) and between the wires (24-1 and 28-1 ) as well as between the wires (24-2 and 28-2) of the trellis (27) is substantially equal to twice the interaxis Pl.
  • interaxis Ps, between the wires (21-1 and 22-1, 23-1 and 24-1) of two end zones (73) and between the wires (21-2 and 22-2, 23- 2 and 24-2, 28-1 and 28-2) of the separation zones (72) is equal to 1/4 Pl.
  • each module will have a determined thickness equal to the sum of the interaxes of the N single locations, of the M double locations (71) and each module will have a thickness determined by the sum of the interaxes of the N single locations, M double locations, N + (M-1) distances between the wires of the separation zones (72) and distances between the wires of the two terminal zones (73).
  • a PS interaxis of 1 cm. We obtain standardized modules of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cm., Including the modules of 20, 30 and 35 cm. are visible in Figures 2, 11b and 11g. The other modules can be easily obtained by a suitable combination of locations N and M and a section of the distance wires (25) of the modules of 35 cm.
  • modules 25 and 30 cm. can be obtained by cutting the distance wires (25) adjacent to the respective separation zones (72-3 and 72-4).
  • the parts of the lattice that remain after the 15, 20 and 25 cm modules have been cut. can usefully be used to make partitions of various thicknesses in the building. In this way, this simple type of trellis can give rise in substance to all the modules necessary in the building by losing only small pieces of wire (25).
  • the interaxis Pd between the spacing wires (25) of the trellises (16 and 27) is substantially equal to four times the interaxis Pl minus two wire diameters and equal to the width Wb of the elements (12).
  • Figures 11a and 11h show that it is possible to arrange the elements (12) in different places of the trellis.
  • the space delimited between the elements (12) can be freely used as a reinforcement for one or more concrete flows of different thicknesses, or as an empty chamber.
  • the separation zone (72), between two contiguous insulating layers, can be used as an anti-condensation zone.
  • each element (12) is inserted, according to the destination of the module (16, 26), between the distance wires (25), and this in the locations (70) between the longitudinal wires (22 and 23) and, in pairs, in the locations (71) between the wires (24-1 and 24-2) of the trellis (16), or even between the wires (24-1 and 28-1) and between the wires (24-2 and 28-2) trellises (27).
  • the insertion of the elements (12) between the wires of the frame is facilitated by the flexibility of the steel wires and of the light material from which the elements (12) are formed.
  • the elements (12) occupy only the space delimited by the two pairs of longitudinal wires (22-1, 23-1 and 22-2, 23-2) of each succession of trellis (16 and 26).
  • the spaces I 1 and I 2 can be used as lost formwork for a reinforced concrete pour (32).
  • the pairs of wires (24-1, 24-2 and 28-1, 28-2) are embedded in the casting and favor the positioning of the horizontal concrete reinforcing bars (31) of a reinforcement for a concrete casting (32) , while at the same time preventing the concrete bars (31) from approaching the concrete bars (12) and thus being deprived of the concrete covering.
  • the modules (10, 26) are assembled together by means of small horizontal scales (35) also made of welded steel wires.
  • the small scales (35) are provided with transverse wires (36), with distance spacing (I 1) and with distance spacing wires (37) having a pitch equal to half the pitch of the trellis (16, 27).
  • the small scales (35) are inserted under a slight constraint, in the spaces (I 1) of the trellis (16) between the wires (24-1 and 24-2) or, in pairs, between the spaces of the trellis (27) , between the longitudinal wires (24-1, 28-1 and 24-2, 28-2).
  • the aim of the small scales (35) is to align exactly several modules (10, 26) and to constitute precise positioning elements for vertical concrete irons (33) of the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete (32).
  • small ladders (35) can be made with transverse wires (36) dimensioned so as to withstand the forces perpendicular to the panel (13), thus relieving the function of concrete irons (31).
  • the longitudinal wires (30) of the small ladders (35), abutting against the wires (24-1 and 24-2) of the trellises (16 and 27) ensure that the concrete irons (33) are at a distance like panels (13 and 30) to allow the concrete irons (33) to be well surrounded by the concrete pouring, thus guaranteeing the best grip of the concrete with its reinforcement.
  • the distance wires (37) also ensure the correct vertical positioning of the concrete irons (33).
  • the elements (12) (Fig. 5 and 6) continuously occupy only the space between the wires (22-1 and 23-1) of the lower part of the trellis according to the Figure 3, so as to form the only panel (13).
  • the space between the other wires is partially occupied by a group (48) of elements (12) superimposed according to their side of greater dimension Wb.
  • the groups (48) are separated by longitudinal interconnection spaces (41) which are used as formwork for the pouring of concrete (32).
  • the formwork for concrete pouring can be delimited by thin insulating elements (63) resting on the distance wires (25) next to the spaces d 'interconnection (41) in the support spaces (71), thereby saving a remarkable amount of insulation.
  • the concrete pour (32) spreads over the tallest elements (12) and covers the longitudinal wires (21-2) and the transverse wires (18). This part forms an upper ceiling (42) of thickness Tp + Ps and is provided with lower ribs (43) of width equal to Wb or multiples of Wb and which occupy the interconnection spaces (41).
  • ribs (43) of the concrete casting are embedded steel sections, for example of high grip bars (44), which are held by stop wires (24-1).
  • the number and the section of the bars (44) are calculated so as to withstand the tensile forces in the lower part of the structure (15). If necessary, other parts of the bars (44) will bear on the wires (21-1) to consolidate the ceiling, in order to resist the tensile stresses of the upper parts of the construction.
  • the elements (12) In ceilings which require a transverse reinforcement, in addition to the longtudinal reinforcement, the elements (12) (Fig. 8) have a length Lr less than the length Lg of the ceiling and are arranged in superposition so as to define isolated parts. (47) protruding from the lower panel (13) and which delimit, in addition to the longitudinal spaces (41), also the transverse spaces (45) also intended to receive steel bars (46) and a concrete pour which will constitute the transverse ribs of the ceiling (42).
  • the number of sections (49) is calculated so that these sections resist all stresses on the entire ceiling.
  • a standard UNI 725-726 profile has been advantageously used, the section of which has a height of 80 mm. and a width of 42 mm.
  • the profile is introduced into the location (71) in the direction of its smallest dimension to avoid all obstacles due to possible alignment errors of the different trellises.
  • the profile is then turned 90 degrees, until it is in the position according to fig. 14.
  • the flexibility of the wires (24-1 and 23-2) makes it possible to obtain the space necessary for such a rotation. Even in this case, the necessary span is obtained by the cotouage of the modules and an adequate length of the profile (75).
  • the reinforcing profiles and in particular the double-T profiles, allow the pre-assembly of the ceiling or of a wall at work, that is to say before their placement and the possible pouring of concrete.
  • the various modules (10, 26) (Fig. 15), intended to form ceilings, are supported on a reference plane.
  • the profiles (75) are inserted into the spaces (71) of the adjoining modules and their length is chosen so as to allow the ends of the profiles to protrude from the modules by a length substantially equal to the thickness of the vertical structure with which the ceiling must be assembled.
  • the concrete layer (76) is further vibrated to ensure good penetration of the concrete into the area between the base of the profile (75) and the panel (13).
  • the pre-assembly of the other ceilings can be carried out using the previously assembled ceiling as a support base with the help of an appropriate leveling surface, supported by wires (18) from the ceiling located below.
  • the implementation of the pre-assembled ceiling will be carried out after the setting time of the concrete pour (76).
  • This ceiling is light due to the limited thickness of the reinforced concrete used and it is self-supporting thanks to the beams of which it is a part.
  • this ceiling does not require complex scaffolding since it suffices to have a few small support beams and some corresponding supports.
  • the ceiling itself can be completed with an additional concrete pour (77) superimposed on the pour (76).
  • additional concrete pour (77) As an alternative to pouring concrete, it is possible to use material for light filling, such as cellular cement, etc.
  • This kind of ceiling is of reduced thickness and low specific weight.
  • the diagram in fig. 14 refers to a thick insulated ceiling of the order of 15 cm., particularly advantageous for covering large industrial structures.
  • the pre-assembly can also be obtained using different types of profiles, for example with tubular profiles of circular, rectangular section, or other shapes, capable of withstanding all the stresses to which the structure is subjected.
  • tubular profiles allow the realization of conduits for electric cables, for pipes of hydraulic installations or air conditioning.
  • connection modules (50) (Fig. 3 and 9), comprising a limited number (three or four) of lattices (16, 26) arranged in the crossover zone between the two structures, so that the trellises (16, 26) are arranged horizontally and the wires (18) are arranged vertically.
  • the modules (50) are of similar structure to the modules (10 and 26), but the elements (12) are arranged vertically (four), their length being equal to the thickness of the structure (15) and occupying only the area the more exterior of the module, so as to constitute a formwork element retaining the concrete pour (32).
  • connection between the modules (10, 26) and the modules (50) is carried out in a very simple manner with folded U-shaped bars (55) which hold the modules together.
  • the panel (13) can be used as a ceiling.
  • the double support (71) remains empty and can be used to allow the passage of electric cables, hydraulic equipment or air ducts.
  • parts of the panel (13) and the support wires can be cut to allow the supports (71) to receive lighting equipment.
  • the steel wires are zinc-plated against oxidation and have a diameter of 2.2 mm.
  • the width Wb of the elements (12) is 154 mm.
  • the thickness Tb is 38 mm.
  • the distance between the trellises (16 and 27) is 98 mm.
  • the pitch of the transverse wires (18) is 78 mm.
  • the horizontal structures (15), derived from the modules (10), have a ceiling (42) in which Tp is 5 cm., For a total thickness of 25 cm., So as to achieve spans reaching 6 m.
  • the terminal space (73) between the wires (21-1 and 22-2) and the panel (13) is filled with a coating
  • the space between the panel (30) and the wires (21-1 and 22- 2) of the vertical structure (14) is treated in the same way.
  • Two or more modules (10, 26) of a structure (14) can be easily assembled by their end edge by inserting one or more small ladders (35) in the spaces (I 1), in view to achieve a good alignment of the modules.
  • the wires (21-1, 21-2) which are present on the edges of the modules are assembled by means of a ring (49) or of several metal rings wound between the pairs of wires (21), in the crossing zone transverse wires (18) for example.
  • the trellis (60) provide ends of elements (12) inserted between the wires (22 and 23) to form a side (61).
  • One of the faces of dimension Wb is also brought into contact with a trellis (16). Due to the dimensioning explained above of the trellis (16) and the elements (12 and 62), the edges of the bar (62), of thickness Tb, will be in contact and slightly forced between the transverse wires (18) and the side (61).
  • the module (60) finds a useful use in the assembly between two structures (14) arranged at 90 degrees between them.
  • the side (61) of the module (60) is brought into alignment with the panel (13) of a module (10).
  • the panel (13) of the other module (14) is brought into alignment with the element (62).
  • the assembly between the modules is completed by an element (65) of square section, on the side Tb inserted in the corner area opposite the angle occupied by the side (61) and the element (62).
  • the actual assembly is done by using spirals of junction between the different terminal wires, the possible extension of the concrete irons (33) and by means of a concrete pour (32).
  • the module (60) can also be assembled with a horizontal structure (15) (Fig. 12).
  • the ends of the elements (12) are aligned with the ceiling panel (13) and the side (62) defines a lateral shoulder for the pouring of concrete (32). This allows an easy realization of balconies, hanging gardens, etc ... and other structures of the species.
  • the provisional support of the horizontal structures (15), before the pouring of the concrete can be carried out in the traditional way, by means of horizontal shuttering elements and vertical props.
  • the frames (11) and the elements (12) in any case offer good resistance to the passage of the concrete pour, as well as to its weight.
  • the presence of spaces between the elements (12) supported by the wires (22-1 and 23-1) does not cause any problem with the compactness of the concrete, after it has set.
  • Fig. 13 shows the use of a module (10) with double insulation in an inclined structure used, for example, to make roofs.
  • the concrete is poured into the empty spaces between the two panels through a hole (80) made in an element (12) of the panel which constitutes the upper insulation of the roof.
  • Fig. 16 represents the use of modules which use trellis (27 h) which present five simple spaces (70) and a double space, according to the diagram of FIG. 11 b. This allows simultaneous nesting zones between the concrete columns (83) and the horizontal beams (84) in a vertical structure (14). The walls of the structure are made using two panels (85 and 86) formed of elements (12) retained in the spaces (70).
  • the formwork for the beam (84) is made laterally by two panels (85 and 86), and below, by three simple elements (12) and two other elements (12) which create a series of spaces (70 and 71 ) interposed between the panels (85 and 86).
  • the formwork of the column (83) is, in turn, obtained by pieces of elements (12) whose ends are aligned along two lattices and which define two holding surfaces (90 and 91) for the pouring of concrete.
  • the beam (84) and the column (83) can be completed by reinforcing profiles in the form of bars or by using another kind of steel profile in accordance with the design data of the reinforced concrete.
  • a structure of the type shown in Fig. 16 can give rise to several columns (83) and the beam (84) can extend downwards and be equipped with additional supports for the irons (41, 44).
  • the parts between the columns (83) and the beam (84) can be used to define the openings for the doors by cutting the desired holes in the panels (85 and 86) and the wires of the frame (11).

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)
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Claims (14)

  1. Vorgefertigte Module (10, 26) zur Verwendung für das Errichten von Bauwerken, umfassend flache Elemente (12) aus leichtem Material und eine dreidimensionale Struktur (11), die von einer Mehrzahl von Gittern (16, 27) aus verschweißten Stahldrähten gebildet ist, welche sich entlang einer Längsrichtung erstrecken und mit einer Reihe von Querdrähten (18) verschweißt sind, wobei diese Gitter eines gegenüber dem anderen angeordnet sind und jedes parallele Längsdrähte (21-24) und Distanzdrähte (25) umfaßt, die mit den Längsdrähten verschweißt sind, welche zusammen mit den Distanzdrähten unausgefüllte Abstützungsstellen für die flachen Elemente abgrenzen, wobei diese Abstützungsstellen eine erste Reihe und eine zweite Reihe von Abstützungsstellen (70) enthalten, wobei ein leerer Zwischenraum (11, 12) zwischen den beiden Reihen von Abstützungsstellen abgegrenzt ist, und eine erste Gruppe von flachen Elementen zum Eingefügtwerden in die erste Reihe zum Ausbilden eines ersten Felds (13) einer Seite der dreidimensionalen Struktur vorgesehen ist, wobei eine zweite Gruppe von flachen Elementen zum Eingefügtwerden in die zweite Reihe der anderen Seite der dreidimensionalen Struktur zum Ausbilden eines zweiten Felds (30) vorgesehen ist, und der erwähnte leere Zwischenraum als Schalungsraum zwischen dem ersten Feld und dem zweiten Feld für einen Betonverguß (32), welcher Bewehrungseisenstäbe enthält, verwendet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:

       die Längsdrähte und die Distanzdrähte eine andere Reihe von Abstützungsstellen (70, 71) in dem Zwischenraum (11, 12) bilden und eine dritte Gruppe von flachen Elementen (12) in die andere Reihe von Abstützungsstellen anstatt des Betonvergusses eingefügt sein kann,

       daß die Längsdrähte (24-1, 24-2) Paare von benachbarten Drähten bilden, die mit den Distanzdrähten verschweißt und in einem vorbestimmten Trennabstand (Ps) voneinander beabstandet sind, wobei jedes dieser Paare eine Trennzone (72) bestimmt derart, daß eine Reihe von Abstützungsstellen (70, 71) für die flachen Elemente (12) im Wechsel mit einer Trennzone (72) im Inneren der dreidimensionalen Struktur (11) vorhanden ist,

       daß die dreidimensionale Struktur (11) für Vertikalstrukturen (14) ebensogut wie für Horizontalstrukturen (15) verwendet werden kann, wobei die gewählte Verwendung eines vorgefertigten Moduls durch die Anordnung der flachen Elemente (12) an den Abstützungsstellen (70, 71) der dreidimensionalen Struktur bestimmt ist,

       daß für eine Horizontalstruktur (14) die erste Gruppe von flachen Elementen (12) die erste Reihe von Abstützungsstellen vollständig einnimmt, um ein kontinuierliches Deckenfeld (13) in dem unteren Teil des Moduls zu bilden, während die zweite Gruppe von flachen Elementen und die dritte Gruppe von flachen Elementen teilweise die zweite Reihe von Abstützungsstellen bzw. die andere Reihe von Abstützungsstellen einnimmt, um eine Reihe (48) von überlagerten flachen Elementen zu bilden, welche durch leere Verbindungsräume (41) getrennt sind, die als horizontale Schalungsräume für Rippen (43) aus Betonverguß (32) zusammmen mit dem Deckenfeld verwendet werden,

       daß die Verbindungsräume (41) zum Unterbringen von horizontalen Bewehrungseisenstäben (44) quer zu den Längsdrähten (21-24) vorgesehen sind, und

       daß die Längssdrähte von gewissen der Paare von benachbarten Drähten in diesen Verbindungsräumen (41) Anschlagdrähte zum Abstützen der Eisenstäbe (44) bilden, welche sich in der Nähe des Deckenfelds (13) befinden aber von dem Deckenfeld im Trennabstand (Ps) getrennt sind, um es zu ermöglichen, daß der Betonverguß (32) den Eisenbewehrungsstab (31) vollständing einbettet.
  2. Vorgefertigte Module nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die flachen Elemente (12) alle identische rechteckige Querschnitte vorbestimmter Dicke (Tb) und Breite (Wb) aufweisen, wobei die erste Reihe und die zweite Reihe von Abstützungsstellen je eine Reihe von einfachen Abstützungsstellen (79) festlegen, die zum Halten von Reihen einfacher flacher Elemente (12) längs ihrer Dicke (Tb) vorgesehen sind, und daß die andere Reihe von Abstützungsstellen eine Reihe von doppelten Abstützungsstellen (71) festlegen, welche zum Ermöglichen, daß jede doppelte Abstützungsstelle zwei flache Elemente (12), die längs ihrer Breitenrichtung miteinander vereinigt sind, aufnimmt, angeordnet sind.
  3. Vorgefertigte Module nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand (Pl) zwischen den Achsen der beiden Längsdrähte, welche je eine Abstützungsstelle bilden, ein vielfaches Ganzes des Trennabstands (Ps) zwischen den Achsen der beiden Längsdrähte in jedem der Paare von benachbarten Drähten, welche die Trennzone (72) bilden, ist.
  4. Vorgefertigte Module nach Anspruch 3, worin zwei Paare von Längsdrähten (21-1, 22-1; 21-2, 22-2) zwei Endzonen (73) an der Außenseite des Moduls bilden, wobei die Drähte, die sich am meisten außen befinden (21-1; 21-2) in einem Abstand beabstandet sind, welcher die Dicke (TM) des Moduls (10, 26) bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen der Achse der Längsdrähte in den Endzonen gleich dem vorbestimmten Trennabstand (Ps) ist, daß die Dicke der Module (10, 26) allein durch eine Anzahl "M" der Reihen von einfachen Abstützungsstellen und durch eine Anzahl "N" von doppelten Abstützungsstellen definiert ist, und daß die Anzahl von Trennzonen (72) gleich "N+M-1"
    Figure imgb0011
     ist, worin "N" und "M" ganze Zahlen sind, um Module von standardisierter Dicke in Abhängigkeit von den Werten der Zahlen "N" und "M" zu realisieren.
  5. Vorgefertigte Module nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gesamte Modul Vier ist.
  6. Vorgefertigte Module nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Trennabstand 1 cm ist und daß die Module unterschiedliche standardisierte Dicken zwischen 15 cm und 35 cm haben, die sich um 5 cm voneinander unterscheiden.
  7. Vorgefertigte Module nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorbestimmte Breite (Wb) jedes flachen Elements (12) gleich viermal der Dicke (Tb) ist, wobei der Abstand zwischen den Achsen der Länsdrähte in der Reihe der einfachen Abstützungsstellen gleich der Dicke (Tb) des flachen Elements (12) plus einem Durchmesser des Drahts ist und der Abstand zwischen zwei Trenndrähten (25) gleich der vorbestimmten Breite (Wb) des flachen Elements ist.
  8. Vorgefertigte Module nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewehrungseisenstäbe einen Querschnitt in der Form eines doppelten T (75) haben, und daß die Reihe von doppelten Abstützungsstellen zwei Positionierungsdrähte (24-1, 24-2) der beiden erwähnten Paare von benachbarten Drähten vorsieht, so daß sie von dem doppelten T (75) Querschnitt um einen Abstand beabstandet sind, der gleich der Höhe eines vorbestimmten Abschnitts von standardisiertem Typ ist, und daß die Positionierungsdrähte die Eisenbewehrungsstäbe in einer vorbestimmten Position in den Verbindungsräumen (41), welche durch die Reihe (48) von überlagerten flachen Elementen gebildet sind, sichern.
  9. Vorgefertigte Module nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Breite der Module durch die Länge der Querdrähte (18) bestimmt ist, wobei die Rippen (43) aus Betonverguß in einer parallelen Relativposition zu den Querdrähten sind, wobei die Horizontalstruktur eine Spannweite hat, die länger als die Länge der Querdrähte (18) ist, und daß die Horizontalstruktur durch Seite-an-Seite-Anordnung einer großen Anzahl von Modulen (10) erhalten wird, die miteinander durch Eisenbewehrungsstäbe (44) verbunden sind, welche eine Länge aufweisen, die der Spannweite der Horizontalstruktur entspricht und durch die Positionierungsdrähte der beiden oder von mehreren der Module gehalten werden.
  10. Vorgefertigte Module nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eisenbewehrungsstäbe mit der Mehrzahl von Modulen vorzusammengebaut sind, indem die Eisenbewehrungsstäbe über eine beschränkte Dicke eingesenkt sind.
  11. Vorgefertigtes Modul nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennzonen (72) zum Bewirken einer Verlagerung von zwei benachbarten Reihen von flachen Elementen, eine bezüglich der anderen, um den vorbestimmten Trennabstand in einer Vertikalstruktur (14) vorgesehen sind.
  12. Vorgefertigtes Modul nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche bezüglich seines Einsatzes in einer Vertikalstruktur (14), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalungsraum zwischen dem ersten Feld (13) und dem zweiten Feld (30) eine Leiter aus Drähten (35, Figur 1) für die Beabstandung von vertikalen Eisenstäben (33) in einem Betonverguß beherbergt, wobei irgendwelche Längsdrähte der erwähnten Paare von benachbarten Drähten sich in dem Schalungsraum zwischen dem ersten Feld und dem zweiten Feld befinden und Anschlagdrähte bilden, und daß diese Leiter durch zwei Anschlagdrähte gehalten wird, um die Position der vertikalen Eisenbewehrungsstäbe in dem Betonverguß in genauer Weise festzulegen.
  13. Vorgefertigte Module gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7 für ihren Einsatz als Verbindungsstruktur (50) zwischen einer Vertikalstruktur (14) und einer Horizontalstruktur (15), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsstruktur (50) eine beschränkte Anzahl (3 oder 4) von Gittern (16) umfaßt, die in einer Querzone zwischen der Vertikal- und Horizontalstruktur (14, 15) angeordnet sind, und daß irgendeines der flachen Elemente in das Verbindungsmodul eingefügt ist, um in einer äußeren Zone der Verbindungsstruktur (50) im Hinblick auf ein Zurückhalten des Betonvergusses positioniert zu sein.
  14. Vorgefertigte Module nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zum Einsatz in einer Vertikalstruktur, gekennzeichnet durch eine andere Gruppe von flachen Elementen, welche die erwähnte andere Reihe von Abstützungsstellen zwischen dem ersten Feld und dem zweiten Feld teilweise ausfüllen, und zwar zum Festlegen einer Form für einen horizontalen Betonträger (84) und einen Betonpfeiler (83).
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DE8484201602T DE3485525D1 (de) 1984-11-08 1984-11-08 Vorgefertigte baueinheiten und gebrauch im hochbau.
EP84201602A EP0180667B1 (de) 1984-11-08 1984-11-08 Vorgefertigte Baueinheiten und Gebrauch im Hochbau
AT84201602T ATE72858T1 (de) 1984-11-08 1984-11-08 Vorgefertigte baueinheiten und gebrauch im hochbau.
IN867/MAS/85A IN166811B (de) 1984-11-08 1985-10-29
OA58717A OA08317A (fr) 1984-11-08 1985-10-29 Perfectionnement à des modules préfabriqués et leur utilisation dans le bâtiment.
NZ228852A NZ228852A (en) 1984-11-08 1985-10-31 Prefabricated building module and lightweight permanent formwork
AU49226/85A AU585542B2 (en) 1984-11-08 1985-10-31 Improvements in prefabricated modules, and the use thereof in the building industry
HU854208A HU213764B (en) 1984-11-08 1985-11-01 Single-layer or multilayer permanent shutterin for multiple-purpose application to building and process for shaping bearing structures with permanent shutterin
IL76915A IL76915A (en) 1984-11-08 1985-11-01 Prefabricated modules,and the use thereof in the building industry
EG70785A EG18030A (de) 1984-11-08 1985-11-04
MA20789A MA20564A1 (fr) 1984-11-08 1985-11-05 Perfectionnement a des modules prefabriques et leur utilisation dans le batiment
SU3973324A SU1561829A3 (ru) 1984-11-08 1985-11-06 Сборный модуль дл строительства зданий
DZ850244A DZ858A1 (fr) 1984-11-08 1985-11-06 Perfectionnement à des modules préfabriqués et leur utilisation dans le bâtiment.
PH33016A PH26627A (en) 1984-11-08 1985-11-06 Prefabricated modules and the use thereof in the building industry
BG72297A BG49725A3 (en) 1984-11-08 1985-11-06 Assembling building module and method for building of building constructions with it
UA3973324A UA7199A1 (uk) 1984-11-08 1985-11-06 Збірний модуль для будівництва будинків
FI854363A FI82520C (fi) 1984-11-08 1985-11-06 Prefabricerad modul foer anvaendning vid husbyggnad.
YU174185A YU47132B (sh) 1984-11-08 1985-11-07 Poboljšani prefabrikovani moduli/ 10
BR8505723A BR8505723A (pt) 1984-11-08 1985-11-07 Aperfeicoamentos em modulos pre-fabricados e seu emprego na industria da construcao
SI8511741A SI8511741B (sl) 1984-11-08 1985-11-07 Izboljšani prefabricirani moduli
CN85108069A CN1006727B (zh) 1984-11-08 1985-11-07 预制模件的改进.及其在建筑工业中的应用
IE277185A IE58437B1 (en) 1984-11-08 1985-11-07 Improvements in prefabricated modules, and the use thereof in the building industry
TR45565/85A TR23187A (tr) 1984-11-08 1985-11-07 Prefabrik moduellerde islahat ve bunlarin binada kullanilislari
ZA858612A ZA858612B (en) 1984-11-08 1985-11-08 Prefabricated modules and the use thereof in the building industry
JP60250581A JPS61155529A (ja) 1984-11-08 1985-11-08 建築用プレハブモジュール
MX553A MX162285A (es) 1984-11-08 1985-11-08 Mejoras en modulos prefabricados y su uso en la industria de la construccion
ES548732A ES8708154A1 (es) 1984-11-08 1985-11-08 Modulos prefabricados utilizables en la construccion de edi-ficios
KR1019850008369A KR900008987B1 (ko) 1984-11-08 1985-11-08 조립식 건축모듈
US07/047,555 US4864792A (en) 1984-11-08 1987-04-27 Prefabricated modules, and the use thereof in the building industry
MYPI87001593A MY101364A (en) 1984-11-08 1987-09-08 Improvements in prefabricated modules, and the use thereof in the building industry.
US07/700,093 US5163263A (en) 1984-11-08 1991-05-06 Method of assembling a building component
HRP920603AA HRP920603A2 (hr) 1984-11-08 1992-09-29 Poboljšani prefabricirani moduli

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IT1191160B (it) * 1981-03-18 1988-02-24 Silvano Casalatina Dispositivo e metodo per ottenere elementi prefabbricati per la costruzione di case e simili e metodo per assemblare tra loro detti elementi
CA1182304A (en) * 1981-08-14 1985-02-12 George A. Grutsch Concrete formwork
US4494353A (en) * 1982-05-20 1985-01-22 Lewis Alvin W Method of manufacturing and building preformed modular building wall sections
ATE23593T1 (de) * 1983-01-28 1986-11-15 Rhodius Gmbh & Co Kg Geb Bleibende, waermedaemmende schalung fuer wandkonstruktion.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SU1561829A3 (ru) 1990-04-30
FI82520B (fi) 1990-11-30
IE852771L (en) 1986-05-08
MA20564A1 (fr) 1986-07-01
US5163263A (en) 1992-11-17
FI854363A (fi) 1986-05-09
IL76915A0 (en) 1986-04-29
FI854363A0 (fi) 1985-11-06
SI8511741A (en) 1996-04-30
HU213764B (en) 1997-10-28
DZ858A1 (fr) 2004-09-13
KR900008987B1 (ko) 1990-12-17
CN85108069A (zh) 1986-05-10
YU47132B (sh) 1995-01-31
AU4922685A (en) 1986-05-15
IL76915A (en) 1989-06-30
AU585542B2 (en) 1989-06-22
ATE72858T1 (de) 1992-03-15
BG49725A3 (en) 1992-01-15
KR860004217A (ko) 1986-06-18
MY101364A (en) 1991-09-05
ZA858612B (en) 1986-11-26
JPS61155529A (ja) 1986-07-15
CN1006727B (zh) 1990-02-07
PH26627A (en) 1992-08-19
SI8511741B (sl) 1998-06-30
IN166811B (de) 1990-07-21
HUT39487A (en) 1986-09-29
NZ228852A (en) 1989-12-21
OA08317A (fr) 1988-02-29
TR23187A (tr) 1989-06-06
UA7199A1 (uk) 1995-06-30
YU174185A (en) 1988-08-31
EG18030A (de) 1991-12-31
DE3485525D1 (de) 1992-04-02
ES548732A0 (es) 1987-09-16
FI82520C (fi) 1991-03-11
EP0180667A1 (de) 1986-05-14
ES8708154A1 (es) 1987-09-16
BR8505723A (pt) 1986-08-12
IE58437B1 (en) 1993-09-22
US4864792A (en) 1989-09-12
MX162285A (es) 1991-04-22
HRP920603A2 (hr) 1994-04-30

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