EP0179300A1 - Machine for winding at least one metallic wire on a cable at a very slow pace - Google Patents
Machine for winding at least one metallic wire on a cable at a very slow pace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0179300A1 EP0179300A1 EP85112216A EP85112216A EP0179300A1 EP 0179300 A1 EP0179300 A1 EP 0179300A1 EP 85112216 A EP85112216 A EP 85112216A EP 85112216 A EP85112216 A EP 85112216A EP 0179300 A1 EP0179300 A1 EP 0179300A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- pulley
- wire
- machine according
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
- H01B13/26—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by winding, braiding or longitudinal lapping
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B3/00—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material
- D07B3/02—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the supply reels rotate about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the component strands away from the supply reels in fixed position
- D07B3/06—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the supply reels rotate about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the component strands away from the supply reels in fixed position and are spaced radially from the axis of the machine, i.e. basket or planetary-type stranding machine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
- D07B2207/40—Machine components
- D07B2207/409—Drives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine for winding, with a very short pitch, on a power or telecommunications cable, a plurality of armor wires.
- Machines of this type which essentially comprise means for displacing a rectilinear part of the cable in translation along its axis, and at least one coil for distributing said wire subject to rotate around said rectilinear part of the cable in a plane perpendicular to said axis.
- the wire is unwound from the spool and driven by the traction exerted by the cable itself during its advancement.
- the machine described above cannot be used. Indeed, the tightening effect of metal wires (6 to 7 mm in diameter or more) on the cable is considerable and would crush the lead. This would result in folds of the lead sheath causing irregularities in the insulation and which could cause the cable to snap during use.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a machine allowing correct placement of the armor wires of a cable, without crushing the inside of the cable while maintaining good tension of the wires and a regular pitch of the armor. helical.
- the subject of the invention is a machine for winding at a very short pitch, on a cable, at least one metallic armor wire, comprising a first means for moving a rectilinear portion of the cable in translation along its axis and at least one reel of distribution of said wire arranged on a reel holder subjected to rotate around the cable in a plane perpendicular to said axis, the wire passing over a grooved pulley disposed between the reel and the cable and with a fixed axis relative to the reel, characterized in that the pulley is provided with a means for driving in rotation at an adjustable speed.
- the drive means of the pulley comprises a drum, coaxial with the spool holder and driven by a motor associated with a speed reducer, said drum carrying a toothed crown coaxial with the drum and driving by a chain a pinion of axis integral with the coil holder, said pinion being integral in rotation of said pulley.
- the cable to be armed is designated by the reference 1. It is driven in a translational movement in the direction of the arrow and, after receiving the armor wires on a part made rectilinear, it s' wind on a capstan 2, then on a reel not shown.
- the winding of the armor metal wires is produced, as is well known, by rotation, around the straight part of the cable, of a set of 3 reel holders.
- spool holders 4 For clarity of the diagram, only two spool holders 4 have been shown, but it must be understood that there are several spool holders, for example sixteen, regularly distributed around the assembly 3 to which they are fixed .
- the wire 5 exits from the spool 4 and passes over pulleys 6 and 8.
- the assembly 3 is rotated by a motor 9 driving, by a pinion 10, a toothed crown 11 surrounding the assembly 3.
- Line 12 in dashed lines symbolizes the synchronism existing between the movement of the capstan, therefore the speed of translation of the cable, and the speed of rotation of the reel holder assembly 3.
- the pulley is driven by means of a drum 15, coaxial with the rectilinear part of the cable and inside the set of 3 reel holders.
- This drum is rotated by the motor 9 by a ring gear 16, cooperating with the pinions 17, 18 and 19.
- a speed controller 20 is interposed between the pinions 17 and 18. Its role will be explained later.
- a ring gear 21, at the end of the drum 15 located on the drum side, allows the pulley 8 to be driven by means of a chain 22, a pinion 23 and a bevel gear 24.
- the chain link between the crown 21 and the pinion 23 will be explained later, with reference to FIG. 2.
- This thread tension is measured using a sensor 25. If the thread tension is too high, the speed controller 20 is used to increase the angular speed of the drum and therefore that of the pulley 8.
- a pressure roller 26 holds the wire 5 in the groove of the pulley 8; this groove, of triangular profile, allows friction therefore a more or less strong drive of the wire depending on whether it goes more or less quickly compared to the correct speed. There is therefore “self-regulation”.
- FIG. 2 is a partial end view of a machine having sixteen bobbin carriers.
- Toothed wheels 33, 33A, 33B, ..., 33G serve as references for the chain 22; at least one of these wheels, here the wheel 33, has a movable shaft to allow the chain tension to be adjusted (the dashed lines show another position of the chain and the wheel 33).
- the indications of the thread tension sensor 25 can directly control the ratio of the variable speed drive 20, or the speed of the control motor if the latter is independent of the main motor 9.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
- Storing, Repeated Paying-Out, And Re-Storing Of Elongated Articles (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Machine pour enrouler à pas très court, sur un câble (1), au moins un fil (5) métallique d'armure, comprenant un premier moyen pour déplacer une portion rectiligne du câble en translation selon son axe et au moins une bobine (4) de distribution dudit fil disposée sur un porte-bobines (31 assujetti à tourner autour du câble dans un plan perpendiculaire audit axe, le fil passant sur une poulie (8) disposée entre la bobine et le câble et d'axe fixe par rapport à la bobine, caractérisée en ce que la poulie (8) est munie d'un moyen d'entraînement (9, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23) en rotation à une vitesse ajustable.Machine for winding at a very short pitch, on a cable (1), at least one wire (5) of metallic armor, comprising a first means for moving a rectilinear portion of the cable in translation along its axis and at least one coil (4 ) for distributing said wire arranged on a reel holder (31 subject to rotate around the cable in a plane perpendicular to said axis, the wire passing over a pulley (8) disposed between the reel and the cable and with a fixed axis with respect to the spool, characterized in that the pulley (8) is provided with a drive means (9, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23) rotating at an adjustable speed.
Description
La présente invention est relative à une machine pour enrouler, à pas très court, sur un câble d'énergie ou de télécommunication, une pluralité de fils d'armure.The present invention relates to a machine for winding, with a very short pitch, on a power or telecommunications cable, a plurality of armor wires.
On connaît des machines de ce type qui comprennent essentiellement des moyens pour-déplacer en translation selon son axe une partie rectiligne du câble, et au moins une bobine de distribution dudit fil assujettie à tourner autour de ladite partie rectiligne du câble dans un plan perpendiculaire audit axe.Machines of this type are known which essentially comprise means for displacing a rectilinear part of the cable in translation along its axis, and at least one coil for distributing said wire subject to rotate around said rectilinear part of the cable in a plane perpendicular to said axis.
Dans ce type de machine, le fil est déroulé de la bobine et entraîné par la traction exercée par le câble lui-même lors de son avancement.In this type of machine, the wire is unwound from the spool and driven by the traction exerted by the cable itself during its advancement.
Lorsque le câble à armer est fragile, par exemple lorsqu'il est revêtu extérieurement d'une gaine de plomb, la machine décrite ci-dessus ne peut être utilisée. En effet, l'effet de serrage de fils métalliques (de 6 à 7 mm de diamètre ou plus) sur le câble est considérable et écraserait le plomb. Il en résulterait des plis de la gaine de plomb provoquant des irrégularités d'isolation et pouvant entraîner, le claquage du câble lors de son utilisation.When the cable to be reinforced is fragile, for example when it is coated on the outside with a lead sheath, the machine described above cannot be used. Indeed, the tightening effect of metal wires (6 to 7 mm in diameter or more) on the cable is considerable and would crush the lead. This would result in folds of the lead sheath causing irregularities in the insulation and which could cause the cable to snap during use.
Un but de la présente invention est de réaliser une machine permettant une mise en place correcte des fils d'armure d'un câble, sans écraser l'intérieur du câble tout en maintenant une bonne tension des fils et un pas régulier de l'armure hélicoïdale.An object of the present invention is to provide a machine allowing correct placement of the armor wires of a cable, without crushing the inside of the cable while maintaining good tension of the wires and a regular pitch of the armor. helical.
L'invention a pour objet une machine pour enrouler à pas très court, sur un câble, au moins un fil métallique d'armure, comprenant un premier moyen pour déplacer une portion rectiligne du câble en translation selon son axe et au moins une bobine de distribution dudit fil disposée sur un porte-bobines assujetti à tourner autour du câble dans un plan perpendiculaire audit axe, le fil passant sur une poulie à gorge disposée entre la bobine et le câble et d'axe fixe par rapport à la bobine, caractérisée en ce que la poulie est munie d'un moyen d'entraînement en rotation à une vitesse ajustable.The subject of the invention is a machine for winding at a very short pitch, on a cable, at least one metallic armor wire, comprising a first means for moving a rectilinear portion of the cable in translation along its axis and at least one reel of distribution of said wire arranged on a reel holder subjected to rotate around the cable in a plane perpendicular to said axis, the wire passing over a grooved pulley disposed between the reel and the cable and with a fixed axis relative to the reel, characterized in that the pulley is provided with a means for driving in rotation at an adjustable speed.
De préférence, le moyen d'entraînement de la poulie comprend un tambour, coaxial au porte-bobines et entraîné par un moteur associé à un réducteur de vitesse, ledit tambour portant une couronne dentée coaxiale au tambour et entraînant par une chaîne un pignon d'axe solidaire du porte-bobines, ledit pignon étant solidaire en rotation de ladite poulie.Preferably, the drive means of the pulley comprises a drum, coaxial with the spool holder and driven by a motor associated with a speed reducer, said drum carrying a toothed crown coaxial with the drum and driving by a chain a pinion of axis integral with the coil holder, said pinion being integral in rotation of said pulley.
L'invention sera bien comprise par la description ci-après d'un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :
- - la figure 1 est un schéma de principe de l'invention
- - la figure 2 est une vue schématique montrant l'entraînement simultané de 16 poulies sur une même machine.
- - Figure 1 is a block diagram of the invention
- - Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the simultaneous drive of 16 pulleys on the same machine.
Dans la figure 1, le câble à armer est désigné par la référence 1. Il est animé d'un mouvement de translation selon le sens de la flèche et, après avoir reçu les fils d'armure sur une partie rendue rectiligne, il s'enroule sur un cabestan 2, puis sur un touret non représenté.In Figure 1, the cable to be armed is designated by the reference 1. It is driven in a translational movement in the direction of the arrow and, after receiving the armor wires on a part made rectilinear, it s' wind on a
L'enroulement des fils métalliques d'armure est réalisé, comme il est bien connu, par rotation, autour de la partie rectiligne du câble, d'un ensemble 3 porte-bobines. Pour la clarté du schéma, on n'a représenté que deux porte-bobines 4, mais on doit bien comprendre-qu'il y a plusieurs porte-bobines, par exemple seize, régulièrement répartis autour de l'ensemble 3 auxquels ils sont fixés.The winding of the armor metal wires is produced, as is well known, by rotation, around the straight part of the cable, of a set of 3 reel holders. For clarity of the diagram, only two spool holders 4 have been shown, but it must be understood that there are several spool holders, for example sixteen, regularly distributed around the
Le fil 5 sort de la bobine 4 et passe sur des poulies 6 et 8. L'ensemble 3 est entraîné en rotation par un moteur 9 entraînant, par un pignon 10, une couronne dentée 11 entourant l'ensemble 3.The
La ligne 12 en traits mixtes symbolise le synchronisme existant entre le mouvement du cabestan, donc la vitesse de translation du câble, et la vitesse de rotation de l'ensemble porte-bobines 3.
Tout ce qui vient d'être décrit est bien connu dans l'art antérieur.All that has just been described is well known in the prior art.
Pour éviter d'endommager le câble en raison de la tension du fil 5, on motorise, selon l'invention, l'une des poulies sur lequel passe le fil dans son parcours entre la bobine et le câble.To avoid damaging the cable due to the tension of the
On choisit de préférence la poulie 8 situé à l'extrémité de l'ensemble 3 par où débouche le câble.It is preferable to choose the pulley 8 located at the end of the
L'entraînement de la poulie est réalisé au moyen d'un tambour 15, coaxial à la partie rectiligne du câble et intérieur à l'ensemble 3 porte-bobines. Ce tambour est entraîné en rotation par le moteur 9 par une couronne dentée 16, coopérant avec les pignons 17, 18 et 19. Un variateur de vitesse 20 est intercalé entre les pignons 17 et 18. Son rôle sera expliqué plus loin.The pulley is driven by means of a
Une couronne dentée 21, à l'extrémité du tambour 15 située du côté touret, permet l'entraînement de la poulie 8 par l'intermédiaire d'une chaîne 22, d'un pignon 23 et d'un renvoi d'angle 24. La liaison par chaîne entre la couronne 21 et le pignon 23 sera expliquée plus loin, en référence à la figure 2.A
Le fonctionnement est le suivant :
- Lors de l'enroulement d'un fil, le câble se déplace en translation et l'ensemble porte-bobines en rotation, ce qui permet un enroulement régulier.
- During the winding of a wire, the cable moves in translation and the reel holder assembly in rotation, which allows a regular winding.
La rotation de la poulie 8, en synchronisme avec le porte-bobines, assure par friction le déplacement du fil, de telle sorte que la tension du fil sur le câble est acceptable par ce dernier. Cette tension du fil est mesurée à l'aide d'un capteur 25. Si on constate une tension trop forte du fil, on agit sur le variateur de vitesse 20 pour augmenter la vitesse angulaire du tambour et donc celle de la poulie 8.The rotation of the pulley 8, in synchronism with the reel holder, ensures by friction the movement of the wire, so that the tension of the wire on the cable is acceptable by the latter. This thread tension is measured using a
Si au contraire le câble est insuffisamment tendu, on réduit la vitesse du tambour.If, on the contrary, the cable is insufficiently tensioned, the speed of the drum is reduced.
Un galet presseur 26 maintient le fil 5 dans la gorge de la poulie 8 ; cette gorge, de profil triangulaire, permet une friction donc un entraînement plus ou moins fort du fil suivant que celui-ci va plus ou moins vite par rapport à la vitesse correcte. Il y a donc "autorégulation".A
Il y a autant d'ensembles roue dentée 23, renvoi d'angle 24 et poulie motorisée 8 qu'il y a de bobines 4 équipant la machine. On utilise préférentiellement une seule chaîne 22 d'entraînement, comme le montre la figure 2, qui est une vue partielle en bout d'une machine ayant seize porte-bobines.There are as many sets of
On distingue le câble 1 passant dans le tambour 15 qui porte le pignon denté 22. La chaîne 22 passe sur les pignons 23 et ses homologues 23A, 23B, 23C,..., 23N, 23P correspondant aux 15 autres ensembles d'entraînement de fils.There is a cable 1 passing through the
Des roues dentées 33, 33A, 33B,..., 33G servent de renvois pour la chaîne 22 ; l'une au moins de ces roues, ici la roue 33, a un arbre déplaçable pour permettre d'ajuster la tension de la chaîne (les trait en tiretés montrent une autre position de la chaîne et de la roue 33). Dans une version élaborée, mais non limitative de la réalisation selon l'invention, les indications du capteur 25 de tension du fil peuvent commander directement le rapport du variateur de vitesse 20, ou la vitesse du moteur de commande si celui-ci est indépendant du moteur principal 9.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8414948A FR2571072B1 (en) | 1984-09-28 | 1984-09-28 | MACHINE FOR WINDING ON A CABLE, WITH A VERY SHORT PIT, AT LEAST ONE METAL WIRE OF ARMOR. |
FR8414948 | 1984-09-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0179300A1 true EP0179300A1 (en) | 1986-04-30 |
EP0179300B1 EP0179300B1 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
Family
ID=9308183
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85112216A Expired EP0179300B1 (en) | 1984-09-28 | 1985-09-26 | Machine for winding at least one metallic wire on a cable at a very slow pace |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4663928A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0179300B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6185715A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3571527D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK166699B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2571072B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO167886C (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0686718B2 (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1994-11-02 | 東京製綱株式会社 | Method for manufacturing composite twisted filament |
JP2542329Y2 (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1997-07-23 | 株式会社フジクラ | Striatal assembly device |
CA2109668C (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1998-02-24 | Frederick H.G. Simmons | Automatic control of armour tape tension |
DE59509496D1 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 2001-09-13 | Siemens Ag | SENSOR AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING TENSION TENSIONS FOR A LONG-STRETCHED GOOD |
US5588290A (en) * | 1995-04-17 | 1996-12-31 | Cobb; Robert E. | Reel-to-reel pipe wrap machine |
CA2235170A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-17 | Lefebvre Freres Limitee | Apparatus for helically assembling at least two filaments |
WO1999057734A1 (en) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-11-11 | Gamut Technology, Inc. | Flexible armored communication cable and method of manufacture |
US6560954B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2003-05-13 | Tensor Machinery Ltd. | High speed binder application device |
JP3995636B2 (en) * | 2003-07-17 | 2007-10-24 | 平河ヒューテック株式会社 | Tape winding apparatus for wire rod and system for producing tape wound insulation core |
CN1812002B (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2011-12-21 | 黄建为 | Apparatus for destranding paying-off wire |
EP3256639B1 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2021-09-15 | NV Bekaert SA | Tension buffer system for multi-wire pay-off system |
JP6990959B2 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2022-01-12 | Nittoku株式会社 | Stranded wire equipment and stranded wire manufacturing method |
US20230404193A1 (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-12-21 | Lakshmanan Varadan | System and method for forming a garland |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE394934C (en) * | 1923-07-18 | 1924-05-02 | M Klein Dr | Stranding machine for rope and cable production |
DE745323C (en) * | 1938-07-01 | 1944-03-02 | Hackethal Draht Und Kabel Werk | Stranding machine for the production of D.M. fours |
DE839662C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1952-05-23 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for producing multilayer concentric electrical lines, cables, ropes or the like. |
FR2482770A1 (en) * | 1980-05-14 | 1981-11-20 | Nkf Groep Bv | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TORONO PRODUCTS, FOR EXAMPLE CABLES, TORONNES, PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THIS WAY, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US749752A (en) * | 1904-01-19 | schoonmaker | ||
US2445365A (en) * | 1945-11-29 | 1948-07-20 | American Steel & Wire Co | Wire rope and method of manufacturing the same |
US2802328A (en) * | 1953-04-02 | 1957-08-13 | Us Rubber Co | Cable making machine |
US3138511A (en) * | 1960-05-05 | 1964-06-23 | Teleflex Inc | Apparatus for making a flexible conduit of helically wound wires |
US3196656A (en) * | 1962-08-06 | 1965-07-27 | Archibald P Johnston | Wire conditioning apparatus |
JPS5940413A (en) * | 1982-08-27 | 1984-03-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Nonconcentric tape winding device |
JPS59130638A (en) * | 1983-01-17 | 1984-07-27 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Twisting machine for wire-shaped body |
US4541236A (en) * | 1983-09-14 | 1985-09-17 | Redaelli Tecna Meccanica S.P.A. | Device for sensing the tension in the individual threads in a stranding machine |
-
1984
- 1984-09-28 FR FR8414948A patent/FR2571072B1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-09-25 JP JP60211996A patent/JPS6185715A/en active Granted
- 1985-09-26 NO NO853780A patent/NO167886C/en unknown
- 1985-09-26 DE DE8585112216T patent/DE3571527D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-26 EP EP85112216A patent/EP0179300B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-27 DK DK438985A patent/DK166699B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-09-30 US US06/781,373 patent/US4663928A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE394934C (en) * | 1923-07-18 | 1924-05-02 | M Klein Dr | Stranding machine for rope and cable production |
DE745323C (en) * | 1938-07-01 | 1944-03-02 | Hackethal Draht Und Kabel Werk | Stranding machine for the production of D.M. fours |
DE839662C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1952-05-23 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for producing multilayer concentric electrical lines, cables, ropes or the like. |
FR2482770A1 (en) * | 1980-05-14 | 1981-11-20 | Nkf Groep Bv | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TORONO PRODUCTS, FOR EXAMPLE CABLES, TORONNES, PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THIS WAY, AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2571072A1 (en) | 1986-04-04 |
NO853780L (en) | 1986-04-01 |
DK166699B1 (en) | 1993-06-28 |
DE3571527D1 (en) | 1989-08-17 |
NO167886B (en) | 1991-09-09 |
US4663928A (en) | 1987-05-12 |
EP0179300B1 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
JPS6185715A (en) | 1986-05-01 |
DK438985D0 (en) | 1985-09-27 |
DK438985A (en) | 1986-03-29 |
NO167886C (en) | 1991-12-18 |
JPH047523B2 (en) | 1992-02-12 |
FR2571072B1 (en) | 1986-12-05 |
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