EP0171042B1 - Apparatus for the electrostatic spray-coating of articles - Google Patents

Apparatus for the electrostatic spray-coating of articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0171042B1
EP0171042B1 EP85109729A EP85109729A EP0171042B1 EP 0171042 B1 EP0171042 B1 EP 0171042B1 EP 85109729 A EP85109729 A EP 85109729A EP 85109729 A EP85109729 A EP 85109729A EP 0171042 B1 EP0171042 B1 EP 0171042B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray
electrodes
electrode
spraying
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP85109729A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0171042A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Behr
Kurt Vetter
Rolf Schneider
Fred Luderer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr Industry GmbH and Co KG
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Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE3429075A external-priority patent/DE3429075A1/en
Application filed by Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0171042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0171042A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0426Means for supplying shaping gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device of the type mentioned at the outset with a grounded rotary atomizer and a plurality of high-voltage external charging electrodes distributed around the spraying device is also known (US Pat. No. 3,393,662).
  • an essential radial spray component however, it is very difficult to protect the spray device and the charging electrodes arranged radially outside the spray head from rapid contamination by the paint particles, which can not only impair the electrical field, but also the object to be coated, for example after a color change can contaminate if they come off later.
  • the object of the invention is to create a device of the type in question which is suitable for highly conductive spraying materials which may need to be changed frequently, which on the one hand requires little insulation, and on the other hand allows good application efficiency without an overly complex (i.e. economically unfavorable) high-voltage source and largely one Avoids contamination of the electrodes generating the charging field and the spraying device.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that not only several external electrodes under high voltage are required to achieve the object, but above all an optimal arrangement of these external electrodes with regard to the charging field.
  • the invention achieves an optimal compromise between good application efficiency (ratio of the coating to the amount of material sprayed off), relatively low operating current and minimal contamination and, at the same time, a uniform field distribution on the object to be coated, ie. H. enables a uniform coating.
  • the efficiency improves with increasing radial distance of the charging electrodes from the spray head axis, whereby the operating current is reduced at the same time.
  • the device shown contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell cup 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed (e.g. 30,000 rpm).
  • the drive and bearing unit of the rotary atomizer 1, designated 3, essentially consists of metal.
  • a line 4 which feeds the paint or other coating material from a storage system (not shown) to the bell cup 2.
  • this line 4 for example formed by a grounded metal tube, the entire conductive coating material such as water-based paint or the like lies up to metallic paint nozzle 5 and up to the spray edge 6 of the bell cup 2 to earth potential.
  • the metallic unit 3 is electrically connected to the line 4.
  • the object to be coated (not shown), such as part of a vehicle body, which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell plate, is also at ground potential.
  • the spray device can enclose a metallic drive and storage unit 3 of the separate outer housing 7 made of a suitable insulating plastic, such as. B. Polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) or the like. Which can be of several parts for assembly reasons, wherein between the adjacent parts 8 and 9 of the housing may be provided with grooves 10 filled with insulating material.
  • the outer housing can also be made of metal, e.g. B. made of aluminum (which may result in a slightly lower operating current).
  • the choice of the outer housing 7 made of metal or plastic also depends, among other things, on whether the spraying device, i.e.
  • the rotary atomizer 1 is used on its own or in an arrangement (not shown) made up of a plurality of atomizers, which are approximately side by side in a common plane lie. If the axes of the atomizers are at a mutual distance which is smaller than a given minimum value, e.g. B. than 15 times the diameter of the spray edge, with the risk of contamination of the spray device or its charging electrodes by the respective neighboring spray devices, the housing 7 should at least at its axially front part (z. B. to the in the Drawable radial paragraph) are made of plastic.
  • the bell plate 2 can be made of plastic such. B. acrylic glass exist; usually you can use a common metal bell plate.
  • the electrical field required for charging the coating material must be generated by external charging electrodes 20 which are connected to high voltage.
  • these outer electrodes are each mounted on the axially projecting outer leg 22 of an angular electrode holder 21 made of plastic, the other leg 23 of which protrudes at least approximately radially, preferably perpendicularly, from the outer housing 7 and on this via a retaining ring 29 made of plastic and integrally connected to the holders 21 is attached.
  • a retaining ring 29 made of plastic and integrally connected to the holders 21 is attached.
  • only three electrode holders 21 are provided, which are distributed around the spraying device at a uniform mutual distance.
  • the electrodes 20 themselves are axially lying metal needles, suitably made of hardened steel, for example 1.2 mm in diameter, which are seated in a separate holding part 24 inserted into the front end of the leg 22 in such a way that their tip is at least approximately flush with the axially front end of the Holding part 24 completes. This minimizes the risk of contamination of the electrode 20. In the example shown, only the outer needle tip is exposed within a small depression in the holding part 24.
  • the charging electrodes 20 could also be held in the required position with respect to the bell plate 2 in another way.
  • At least two and at most three electrodes 20 must be present. While the field and thus the coating would be highly asymmetrical with only one electrode, the spray bell would also be soiled to a considerable extent and, in addition, only a low application efficiency could be achieved and these disadvantages could still be observed in a substantially weakened form even with two electrodes three electrodes are an optimum in the example of a spray device used by itself. Additional electrodes would only increase the operating current. Also you would z. B. when using a closed metal ring as the outer electrode instead of the individual electrodes used according to the invention, only a very low application efficiency and at the same time considerable contamination of both the metal ring and the spray bell.
  • the spray device is in a common arrangement of several atomizers mounted next to one another, which have a smaller distance than the minimum distance defined above and can therefore contaminate one another, only two electrodes per spray device represent the optimum.
  • an optimal radial distance of the charging electrodes 20 from the bell cup 2, ie from the spraying edge 6, is also important. It should be much larger than the diameter of the spray edge. In the example shown, two to four times the edge diameter has proven to be expedient, and approximately three times the optimum.
  • the spray edge has a diameter of 66 mm, the radial distance of the electrode from the bell axis z. B. about 225 mm, (ie 192 mm from the edge 6). If the distance is too small, the field in the vicinity of the object to be coated becomes undesirably weaker. On the other hand, too large a distance can result in contamination of the electrodes or the spray head.
  • the tips of the charging electrodes 20 are also expedient not to arrange the tips of the charging electrodes 20 in front of the spray edge plane (ie in the direction of the object to be coated), but at most in this plane and preferably behind the spray edge plane, by at most half the radial distance Electrodes 20 from the spray edge 6, preferably less than 1/5 of this distance.
  • the reset can be approximately 10-20 mm or up to approximately 1/10 of the radial distance of the electrodes 20 from the spray edge 6. As the reset increases, the operating current is somewhat smaller, but at the same time the application efficiency is reduced to a greater extent.
  • Each charging electrode 20 is connected in series with a high-impedance damping resistor 25 (e.g. in the order of 50 MOhm) to a high-voltage cable 26 which, as shown, is routed through the electrode holder 21 to the outside of the housing 7 without interruption or coupling point. From there it may lead to the high-voltage source (not shown) via a distributor feeding the other electrodes 20.
  • the potential of the high-voltage source can, as usual, be negative or also positive and have a usual value, for example 75 kV.
  • the damping resistor 25 prevents rapid current changes and reduces the operating current (by approximately 10%) without a noticeable reduction in the charging efficiency.
  • the three cables 26 coming from the electrodes 20 can each be led out of the holding ring 29 directly at the foot of the associated holder 21 and connected to one another at a remote location. However, it is also possible to at least partially lead the three cables 26 next to one another in an annular channel (not shown) provided in the retaining ring 29 and to connect them to one another either in the annular channel or preferably in a feed pipe outside the retaining ring 29. In this case, the connection point is embedded in potting compound.
  • this steering device initially consists of steering air channels 27, which open radially outside the bell cup 2 on a surface facing the object to be coated on an axially rear part of the outer housing 7.
  • the axes of the steering air ducts 27 lie in a manner known per se on a circle concentric with the atomizer with a distribution which should correspond to an angular distance between 8 ° and 20 °.
  • a second arrangement of steering air channels 27 ' is provided in the end face of the housing 7, the axes of which likewise lie on a circle which is concentric with the atomizer, but whose diameter, in contrast to the channels 27, can be smaller than that of the spray edge 6.
  • the ring diameter of which is in turn larger than the diameter of the spraying edge may also be provided near the axially front housing end. Any combination of these three possible ring arrangements can be useful.
  • the steering air can contribute in practice to reducing the risk of contamination, even with the above-mentioned arrangement of several atomizers.
  • the field strength at the spraying edge was somewhat lower, while the field in the area between the electrode holder and bell plate was larger than when the leg 23 was arranged vertically, so that paint particles arriving in this area were directed correspondingly more strongly to the electrode holder.

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  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einer aus der europäischen Patentschrift Nr. 0032391 bekannten Vorrichtung, die sich z. B. zum Lackieren von Fahrzeugkarosserien eignet, legt man den Sprühkopf an Hochspannung, um dadurch das die versprühten Beschichtungspartikel aufladende Feld zwischen dem Sprühkopf und dem geerdeten, zu beschichtenden Gegenstand zu erzeugen. Hierbei tritt das Problem auf, daß bei Verwendung eines Beschichtungsmaterials relativ guter Leitfähigkeit wie namentlich der sogenannten Wasserlacke der Isolationswiderstand über die den Sprühkopf mit dem Lackvorratssystem verbindende Leitung zu gering ist, wenn das Vorratssystem auf Erdpotential liegt.In a device known from European Patent No. 0032391, which, for. B. suitable for painting vehicle bodies, the spray head is connected to high voltage, in order to thereby generate the field charging the sprayed coating particles between the spray head and the grounded object to be coated. The problem arises here that when using a coating material of relatively good conductivity, such as so-called water-based paints, the insulation resistance via the line connecting the spray head to the paint supply system is too low if the supply system is at earth potential.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems besteht die Möglichkeit, das gesamte Vorratssystem gegen Erde zu isolieren, was aber insbesondere dann unzweckmäßig ist, wenn das Vorratssystem wegen Farbwechselmöglichkeiten aus einer Vielzahl von Vorratsbehältern besteht. Abgesehen von dem beträchtlichen Isolationsaufwand kann ein umfangreiches Vorratssystem eine so erhebliche Kapazität haben, daß die entsprechende Ladeenergie (1/2 C.U2) in Hinblick auf die Gefahr explosionsartiger Entladungen am Sprühkopf zu groß wird. Eine solche Gefahr ist selbst bei Verwendung weitgehend lösungsmittelfreier Lacke nicht ganz auszuschließen. Ferner können auf dem hohen Potential liegende Behälter nicht ohne Abschalten der Spannung nachgefüllt werden, wenn man nicht hierfür aufwendige Zusatzeinrichtungen wie Zwischenbehälter od. dgl. vorsieht (vgl. DE-PS-29 00 660). Außerdem erfordern manche bekannte Systeme aufwendige, also unwirtschaftliche Hochspannungsquellen hoher Leistung.To solve this problem, there is the possibility of isolating the entire storage system from earth, but this is particularly unsuitable if the storage system consists of a large number of storage containers because of the possibility of changing colors. Apart from the considerable insulation effort, an extensive storage system can have such a large capacity that the corresponding charging energy (1/2 CU 2 ) becomes too large with regard to the risk of explosive discharges at the spray head. Such a danger cannot be completely ruled out even when using largely solvent-free lacquers. Furthermore, containers lying at the high potential cannot be refilled without switching off the voltage, unless expensive additional devices such as intermediate containers or the like are provided for this (see. DE-PS-29 00 660). In addition, some known systems require complex, uneconomical high-voltage sources of high power.

Es ist auch bereits eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art mit einem geerdeten Rotationszerstäuber und mehreren an Hochspannung liegenden, um die Sprüheinrichtung verteilten äußeren Aufladeelektroden bekannt (US-PS-33 93 662). Bei einer wesentlichen radialen Sprühkomponente ist es jedoch sehr schwierig, die Sprüheinrichtung und die radial außerhalb des Sprühkopfes angeordneten Aufladeelektroden vor einer schnellen Verschmutzung durch die Farbpartikel zu bewahren, die nicht nur das elektrische Feld beeinträchtigen können, sondern etwa nach einem Farbwechsel auch den zu beschichtenden Gegenstand verunreinigen können, wenn sie sich später wieder lösen. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr eines wesentlich geringeren Auftragungswirkungsgrades als bei den üblichen Vorrichtungen mit auf Hochspannung liegendem Sprühkopf. Diese Probleme sind bei der bekannten Vorrichtung, die vier Aufladeelektroden hat, welche radial relativ nahe an dem im wesentlichen metallischen Gehäuse der Sprüheinrichtung angeordnet und axial relativ weit von der Ebene der Absprühkante zurückgesetzt sind, nicht gelöst.A device of the type mentioned at the outset with a grounded rotary atomizer and a plurality of high-voltage external charging electrodes distributed around the spraying device is also known (US Pat. No. 3,393,662). In the case of an essential radial spray component, however, it is very difficult to protect the spray device and the charging electrodes arranged radially outside the spray head from rapid contamination by the paint particles, which can not only impair the electrical field, but also the object to be coated, for example after a color change can contaminate if they come off later. There is also the risk of a significantly lower application efficiency than in the case of conventional devices with a spray head located at high voltage. These problems are not solved in the known device which has four charging electrodes which are arranged radially relatively close to the essentially metallic housing of the spray device and are set back axially relatively far from the plane of the spraying edge.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine für hochleitfähige Sprühstoffe ggf. häufig zu wechselnder Farbe geeignete Vorrichtung der in Rede stehenden Gattung zu schaffen, die einerseits geringen Isolierungsaufwand erfordert, andererseits guten Auftragungswirkungsgrad ohne eine zu aufwendige (d. h. wirtschaftlich ungünstige) Hochspannungsquelle ermöglicht und weitgehend eine Verschmutzung der das Aufladefeld erzeugenden Elektroden und der Sprüheinrichtung vermeidet.The object of the invention is to create a device of the type in question which is suitable for highly conductive spraying materials which may need to be changed frequently, which on the one hand requires little insulation, and on the other hand allows good application efficiency without an overly complex (i.e. economically unfavorable) high-voltage source and largely one Avoids contamination of the electrodes generating the charging field and the spraying device.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Vorrichtung gelöst.This object is achieved by the device characterized in claim 1.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß es zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe nicht nur mehrerer unter Hochspannung stehender Außenelektroden bedarf, sondern vor allem einer optimalen Anordnung dieser Außenelektroden im Hinblick auf das Aufladefeld.The invention is based on the knowledge that not only several external electrodes under high voltage are required to achieve the object, but above all an optimal arrangement of these external electrodes with regard to the charging field.

Durch die Erfindung wird ein optimaler Kompromiss zwischen gutem Auftragungswirkungsgrad (Verhältnis der Beschichtung zur abgesprühten Materialmenge), relativ niedrigem Betriebsstrom und minimaler Verschmutzung erreicht und zugleich eine gleichmäßige Feldverteilung am zu beschichtendem Gegenstand, d. h. eine gleichmäßige Beschichtung ermöglicht. Der Wirkungsgrad verbessert sich mit zunehmendem Radialabstand der Aufladeelektroden von der Sprühkopfachse, wobei zugleich der Betriebsstrom reduziert wird.The invention achieves an optimal compromise between good application efficiency (ratio of the coating to the amount of material sprayed off), relatively low operating current and minimal contamination and, at the same time, a uniform field distribution on the object to be coated, ie. H. enables a uniform coating. The efficiency improves with increasing radial distance of the charging electrodes from the spray head axis, whereby the operating current is reduced at the same time.

An einem in der Zeichnung im wesentlichen maßstabsgetreu dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Erfindung im folgenden näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment shown essentially to scale in the drawing.

Die dargestellte Vorrichtung enthält eine Sprühvorrichtung in Form eines Rotationszerstäubers 1 des bekannten Glockentyps, dessen den Sprühkopf bildender Glockenteller 2 vorzugsweise von einer Luftturbine mit hoher Drehzahl (z. B. 30 000 U/min) angetrieben werden kann. Aus konstruktiven und fertigungstechnischen Gründen besteht die mit 3 bezeichnete Antriebs- und Lagerungseinheit des Rotationszerstäubers 1 im wesentlichen aus Metall.The device shown contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell cup 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed (e.g. 30,000 rpm). For design and manufacturing reasons, the drive and bearing unit of the rotary atomizer 1, designated 3, essentially consists of metal.

Längs der Achse der Sprühvorrichtung verläuft eine das Lack- oder sonstige Beschichtungsmaterial von einem (nicht dargestellten) Vorratssystem dem Glockenteller 2 zuführende Leitung 4. Mit dieser beispielsweise durch ein geerdetes Metallrohr gebildeten Leitung 4 liegt das gesamte leitende Beschichtungsmaterial wie Wasserlack od. dgl. bis zur metallischen Farbdüse 5 und bis zur Absprühkante 6 des Glockentellers 2 auf Erdpotential. Mit der Leitung 4 ist die metallische Einheit 3 elektrisch verbunden.Along the axis of the spray device runs a line 4 which feeds the paint or other coating material from a storage system (not shown) to the bell cup 2. With this line 4, for example formed by a grounded metal tube, the entire conductive coating material such as water-based paint or the like lies up to metallic paint nozzle 5 and up to the spray edge 6 of the bell cup 2 to earth potential. The metallic unit 3 is electrically connected to the line 4.

Ebenfalls auf Erdpotential liegt der zu beschichtende Gegenstand (nicht dargestellt) wie beispielsweise ein Teil einer Fahrzeugkarosserie, der in einem axialen Abstand vor dem Glockenteller angeordnet wird.The object to be coated (not shown), such as part of a vehicle body, which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell plate, is also at ground potential.

Die Sprüheinrichtung kann ein ihre metallische Antriebs- und Lagerungseinheit 3 umschließendes gesondertes Außengehäuse 7 aus einem geeigneten isolierenden Kunststoff, wie z. B. Poly- äthylenterephtalat (PETP) od. dgl. aufweisen, das aus Montagegründen mehrteilig sein kann, wobei zwischen den aneinander angrenzenden Teilen 8 bzw. 9 des Gehäuses eventuell mit Isoliermasse gefüllte Nuten 10 vorgesehen sein können. Stattdessen kann das Außengehäuse an der mit 7 bezeichneten Stelle aber auch aus Metall, z. B. aus Aluminium bestehen (wobei sich ein etwas niedrigerer Betriebsstrom ergeben kann). Die Wahl des Außengehäuses 7 aus Metall oder Kunststoff hängt u. a. auch davon ab, ob die Sprüheinrichtung, also der Rotationszerstäuber 1 für sich allein verwendet wird oder aber in einer (nicht dargestellten) Anordnung aus einer Mehrzahl von Zerstäubern, die annähernd in einer gemeinsamen Ebene nebeneinander liegen. Wenn die Achsen der Zerstäuber einen gegenseitigen Abstand haben, der kleiner ist als ein gegebener Mindestwert, z. B. als das 15-fache des Durchmessers der Absprühkante, wobei die Gefahr einer Veschmutzung der Sprüheinrichtung oder ihrer Aufladeelektroden durch die jeweiligen Nachbar-Sprüheinrichtungen entsteht, sollte das Gehäuse 7 wenigstens an seinem axial vorderen Teil (z. B. bis zu dem in der Zeichnung erkennbaren radialen Absatz) aus Kunststoff bestehen.The spray device can enclose a metallic drive and storage unit 3 of the separate outer housing 7 made of a suitable insulating plastic, such as. B. Polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) or the like. Which can be of several parts for assembly reasons, wherein between the adjacent parts 8 and 9 of the housing may be provided with grooves 10 filled with insulating material. Instead, the outer housing can also be made of metal, e.g. B. made of aluminum (which may result in a slightly lower operating current). The choice of the outer housing 7 made of metal or plastic also depends, among other things, on whether the spraying device, i.e. the rotary atomizer 1, is used on its own or in an arrangement (not shown) made up of a plurality of atomizers, which are approximately side by side in a common plane lie. If the axes of the atomizers are at a mutual distance which is smaller than a given minimum value, e.g. B. than 15 times the diameter of the spray edge, with the risk of contamination of the spray device or its charging electrodes by the respective neighboring spray devices, the housing 7 should at least at its axially front part (z. B. to the in the Drawable radial paragraph) are made of plastic.

Auch der Glockenteller 2 kann aus Kunststoff wie z. B. Acrylglas bestehen ; in der Regel kann man aber einen üblichen Metallglockenteller verwenden.The bell plate 2 can be made of plastic such. B. acrylic glass exist; usually you can use a common metal bell plate.

Da die Sprüheinrichtung und der zu beschichtende Gegenstand auf Erdpotential liegen, muß das zum Aufladen des Beschichtungsmaterials erforderliche elektrische Feld durch an Hochspannung liegende äußere Aufladeelektroden 20 erzeugt werden. Darstellungsgemäß sind diese Außenelektroden jeweils am axial vorspringenden äußeren Schenkel 22 eines aus Kunststoff bestehenden, winkelförmigen Elektrodenhalters 21 montiert, dessen anderer Schenkel 23 wenigstens annähernd radial, vorzugsweise senkrecht vom Außengehäuse 7 absteht und an diesem über einen mit den Haltern 21 einstückig verbundenen Haltering 29 aus Kunststoff befestigt ist. Wie noch erläutert wird, sind bei dem dargestellten Beispiel nur drei Elektrodenhalter 21 vorgesehen, die mit gleichmäßigem gegenseitigen Abstand um die Sprüheinrichtung verteilt sind. Die Elektroden 20 selbst sind axial liegende Metallnadeln, zweckmäßig aus gehärtetem Stahl mit beispielsweise 1,2 mm Durchmesser, die so in einem in das vordere Ende des Schenkels 22 eingesetzten gesonderten Halteteil 24 sitzen, daß ihre Spitze wenigstens annähernd bündig mit dem axial vorderen Ende des Halteteils 24 abschließt. Dadurch ist die Gefahr einer Verschmutzung der Elektrode 20 auf ein Minimum herabgesetzt. Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel liegt nur die äußere Nadelspitze innerhalb einer kleinen Einsenkung im Halteteil 24 frei.Since the spraying device and the object to be coated are at ground potential, the electrical field required for charging the coating material must be generated by external charging electrodes 20 which are connected to high voltage. As shown, these outer electrodes are each mounted on the axially projecting outer leg 22 of an angular electrode holder 21 made of plastic, the other leg 23 of which protrudes at least approximately radially, preferably perpendicularly, from the outer housing 7 and on this via a retaining ring 29 made of plastic and integrally connected to the holders 21 is attached. As will be explained further, in the example shown only three electrode holders 21 are provided, which are distributed around the spraying device at a uniform mutual distance. The electrodes 20 themselves are axially lying metal needles, suitably made of hardened steel, for example 1.2 mm in diameter, which are seated in a separate holding part 24 inserted into the front end of the leg 22 in such a way that their tip is at least approximately flush with the axially front end of the Holding part 24 completes. This minimizes the risk of contamination of the electrode 20. In the example shown, only the outer needle tip is exposed within a small depression in the holding part 24.

Statt der dargestellten Anordnung könnten die Auflade-elektroden 20 auch auf andere Weise in der erforderlichen Lage bezüglich des Glockentellers 2 gehalten werden.Instead of the arrangement shown, the charging electrodes 20 could also be held in the required position with respect to the bell plate 2 in another way.

Es müssen mindestens zwei und höchstens drei Elektroden 20 vorhanden sein. Während bei nur einer Elektrode das Feld und damit die Beschichtung stark asymetrisch wären, ferner in erheblichem Maße die Sprühglocke verschmutzt würde und außerdem nur ein geringer Auftragungswirkungsgrad erreicht werden könnte und diese Nachteile in allerdings wesentlich abgeschwächter Form auch bei zwei Elektroden noch beobachtet werden könnten, stellen drei Elektroden bei dem erwähnten Beispiel einer für sich allein verwendeten Sprüheinrichtung ein Optimum dar. Weitere Elektroden würden nur den Betriebsstrom erhöhen. Auch würde man z. B. bei Verwendung eines geschlossenen Metallringes als Außenelektrode anstelle der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Einzelelektroden nur einen sehr geringen Auftragungswirkungsgrad und zugleich eine erhebliche Verschmutzung sowohl des Metallringes als auch der Sprühglocke feststellen.At least two and at most three electrodes 20 must be present. While the field and thus the coating would be highly asymmetrical with only one electrode, the spray bell would also be soiled to a considerable extent and, in addition, only a low application efficiency could be achieved and these disadvantages could still be observed in a substantially weakened form even with two electrodes three electrodes are an optimum in the example of a spray device used by itself. Additional electrodes would only increase the operating current. Also you would z. B. when using a closed metal ring as the outer electrode instead of the individual electrodes used according to the invention, only a very low application efficiency and at the same time considerable contamination of both the metal ring and the spray bell.

Wenn sich die Sprüheinrichtung dagegen in einer gemeinsamen Anordnung mehrerer nebeneinander montierter Zerstäuber befindet, die einen kleineren als den oben definierten Mindestabstand haben und sich daher gegenseitig beschmutzen können, stellen nur zwei Elektroden pro Sprüheinrichtung das Optimum dar.If, on the other hand, the spray device is in a common arrangement of several atomizers mounted next to one another, which have a smaller distance than the minimum distance defined above and can therefore contaminate one another, only two electrodes per spray device represent the optimum.

Wie schon erwähnt wurde, ist weiterhin ein optimaler radialer Abstand der Aufladeelektroden 20 von dem Glockenteller 2, d. h. von der Absprühkante 6 wichtig. Er soll wesentlich größer sein als der Durchmesser der Absprühkante. Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel hat sich das Zwei- bis Vierfache des Kantendurchmessers als zweckmäßig, das ungefähr Dreifache als optimal erwiesen. Bei Verwendung einer üblichen Sprühglocke (Ausflußrate in der Größenordnung von 120 cm3/min), deren Absprühkante einen Durchmesser von 66 mm hat, kann der radiale Abstand der Elektrode von der Glockenachse z. B. etwa 225 mm, betragen (d. h. 192 mm von der Kante 6). Bei zu geringem Abstand wird das Feld in der Nähe des zu beschichtenden Gegenstandes in unerwünschter Weise schwächer. Ein zu großer Abstand kann andererseits eine Verschmutzung der Elektroden oder der Sprühkopfes zur Folge haben.As already mentioned, an optimal radial distance of the charging electrodes 20 from the bell cup 2, ie from the spraying edge 6, is also important. It should be much larger than the diameter of the spray edge. In the example shown, two to four times the edge diameter has proven to be expedient, and approximately three times the optimum. When using a conventional spray bell (flow rate in the order of 120 cm 3 / min), the spray edge has a diameter of 66 mm, the radial distance of the electrode from the bell axis z. B. about 225 mm, (ie 192 mm from the edge 6). If the distance is too small, the field in the vicinity of the object to be coated becomes undesirably weaker. On the other hand, too large a distance can result in contamination of the electrodes or the spray head.

Für eine günstige Feldverteilung ist es ferner zweckmäßig, die Spitzen der Aufladeelektroden 20 nicht vor der Absprühkantenebene (d. h. in Richtung zum zu beschichtenden Gegenstand) anzuordnen, sondern allenfalls in dieser Ebene und vorzugsweise hinter die Absprühkantenebene zurückgesetzt, und zwar um höchstens den halben radialen Abstand der Elektroden 20 von der Absprühkante 6, vorzugsweise weniger als 1/5 dieses Abstandes.For a favorable field distribution, it is also expedient not to arrange the tips of the charging electrodes 20 in front of the spray edge plane (ie in the direction of the object to be coated), but at most in this plane and preferably behind the spray edge plane, by at most half the radial distance Electrodes 20 from the spray edge 6, preferably less than 1/5 of this distance.

Bei dem oben erwähnten Beispiel kann die Zurücksetzung ungefähr 10-20 mm betragen oder bis ungefähr 1/10 des radialen Abstands der Elektroden 20 von der Absprühkante 6. Mit zunehmender Zurücksetzung wird der Betriebsstrom etwas kleiner, zugleich aber in stärkerem Maße der Auftragungswirkungsgrad reduziert.In the example mentioned above, the reset can be approximately 10-20 mm or up to approximately 1/10 of the radial distance of the electrodes 20 from the spray edge 6. As the reset increases, the operating current is somewhat smaller, but at the same time the application efficiency is reduced to a greater extent.

Jede Aufladeelektrode 20 ist in Reihe mit einem hochohmigen Dämpfungswiderstand 25 (z. B. in der Größenordnung von 50 MOhm) an ein Hochspannungskabel 26 angeschlossen, das ohne Unterbrechung oder Kupplungsstelle durch den Elektrodenhalter 21 hindurch darstellu-ngsgemäß zur Außenseite des Gehäuses 7 geführt ist. Von dort führt es ggf. über einen die jeweils anderen Elektroden 20 speisenden Verteiler zu der Hochspannungsquelle (nicht dargestellt). Das Potential der Hochspannungsquelle kann wie üblich negativ oder auch positiv sein und einen üblichen Wert haben, beispielsweise 75 kV. Der Dämpfungswiderstand 25 verhindert schnelle Stromänderungen und vermindert den Betriebsstrom (um ca. 10 %) ohne spürbare Herabsetzung des Aufladewirkungsgrades.Each charging electrode 20 is connected in series with a high-impedance damping resistor 25 (e.g. in the order of 50 MOhm) to a high-voltage cable 26 which, as shown, is routed through the electrode holder 21 to the outside of the housing 7 without interruption or coupling point. From there it may lead to the high-voltage source (not shown) via a distributor feeding the other electrodes 20. The potential of the high-voltage source can, as usual, be negative or also positive and have a usual value, for example 75 kV. The damping resistor 25 prevents rapid current changes and reduces the operating current (by approximately 10%) without a noticeable reduction in the charging efficiency.

Die drei von den Elektroden 20 kommenden Kabel 26 können jeweils unmittelbar am Fuße des zugehörigen Halters 21 aus dem Haltering 29 herausgeführt und an einer entfernten Stelle miteinander verbunden sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, die drei Kabel 26 nebeneinander in einem im Haltering 29 vorgesehenen (nicht dargestellten) Ringkanal wenigstens teilweise um den Gehäuseumfang herumzuführen und entweder im Ringkanal oder vorzugsweise in einem Zuführungsrohr ausserhalb des Halteringes 29 miteinander zu verbinden. Die Verbindungsstelle wird in diesem Fall in Vergußmasse eingebettet.The three cables 26 coming from the electrodes 20 can each be led out of the holding ring 29 directly at the foot of the associated holder 21 and connected to one another at a remote location. However, it is also possible to at least partially lead the three cables 26 next to one another in an annular channel (not shown) provided in the retaining ring 29 and to connect them to one another either in the annular channel or preferably in a feed pipe outside the retaining ring 29. In this case, the connection point is embedded in potting compound.

Zur Vermeidung einer Verschmutzung ist eine gesonderte Lenkeinrichtung erforderlich, die dem abgesprühten Beschichtungsmaterial eine zusätzliche axiale Bewegungskomponente in Richtung zum zu beschichtenden Gegenstand erteilt. Diese Lenkeinrichtung besteht beim dargestellten Beispiel zunächst aus Lenkluftkanälen 27, die radial außerhalb des Glockentellers 2 an einer dem zu beschichtenden Gegenstand zugewandten Fläche an einem axial hinteren Teil des Außengehäuses 7 münden. Die Achsen der Lenkluftkanäle 27 liegen in an sich bekannter Weise auf einem zu dem Zerstäuber konzentrischen Kreis mit einer Verteilung, die einem Winkelabstand zwischen 8° und 20° entsprechen soll. Ferner ist in der Stirnfläche des Gehäuses 7 eine zweite Anordnung von Lenkluftkanälen 27' vorgesehen, deren Achsen ebenfalls auf einen zum Zerstäuber konzentrischen Kreis liegen, dessen Durchmesser aber im Gegensatz zu den Kanälen 27 kleiner sein kann als derjenige der Absprühkante 6. Schließlich kann in der Nähe des axial vorderen Gehäuseendes noch eine dritte Ringanordnung von Lenkluftkanälen vorgesehen sein (nicht dargestellt), deren Ringdurchmesser wiederum größer ist als der Durchmesser der Absprühkante. Jede Kombination aus diesen drei möglichen Ringanordnungen kann zweckmäßig sein. Die Lenkluft kann in der Praxis zur Verringerung der Verschmutzungsgefahr beitragen, auch bei der erwähnten Reihenanordnung mehrerer Zerstäuber.To avoid contamination, a separate steering device is required, which gives the sprayed coating material an additional axial movement component in the direction of the object to be coated. In the example shown, this steering device initially consists of steering air channels 27, which open radially outside the bell cup 2 on a surface facing the object to be coated on an axially rear part of the outer housing 7. The axes of the steering air ducts 27 lie in a manner known per se on a circle concentric with the atomizer with a distribution which should correspond to an angular distance between 8 ° and 20 °. Furthermore, a second arrangement of steering air channels 27 'is provided in the end face of the housing 7, the axes of which likewise lie on a circle which is concentric with the atomizer, but whose diameter, in contrast to the channels 27, can be smaller than that of the spray edge 6. Finally, in the A third ring arrangement of steering air ducts (not shown), the ring diameter of which is in turn larger than the diameter of the spraying edge, may also be provided near the axially front housing end. Any combination of these three possible ring arrangements can be useful. The steering air can contribute in practice to reducing the risk of contamination, even with the above-mentioned arrangement of several atomizers.

Bei einem praktischen Versuch mit der in der beschriebenen Weise optimierten Vorrichtung zum Beschichten eines 300 mm vor der Absprühkante stehenden geerdeten Metallrohres mit Wasserlack (unter Lenkluft von 120 kPa = 1,2 bar) wurde derselbe Auftragungswirkungsgrad erzielt wie mit einem konventionellen Glockenzerstäuber mit unter Hochspannung stehender Glocke und Farbzuführung und entsprechender Isolierung. Dem Vorteil des Wegfalls dieser Isolierung stand lediglich ein etwas höherer Betriebsstrom gegenüber. Weder die Elektroden noch die Sprüheinrichtung wurden durch den Lack nennenswert verschmutzt, und wegen ihrer darstellungsgemäß zurückgesetzten Lage im Bereich geringer Feldstärke gilt dies auch für die Elektrodenhalter. Bei einem abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiel der Vorrichtung war der Schenkel 23 des Elektrodenhalters 21 um einige Grad gegen die Senkrechte nach vorne geneigt. Hier war jedoch die Feldstärke an der Absprühkante etwas geringer, während das Feld im Bereich zwischen Elektrodenhalter und Glockenteller größer war als bei senkrechter Anordnung des Schenkels 23, so daß in diesem Bereich gelangende Lackteilchen entsprechend stärker zum Elektrodenhalter gelenkt wurden.In a practical experiment with the device optimized in the manner described for coating a grounded metal pipe 300 mm in front of the spraying edge with water-based paint (under steering air of 120 kPa = 1.2 bar), the same application efficiency was achieved as with a conventional bell atomizer with high voltage Bell and paint feed and appropriate insulation. The advantage of eliminating this insulation was only offset by a somewhat higher operating current. Neither the electrodes nor the spraying device were significantly contaminated by the paint, and because of their position in the area of low field strength as shown, this also applies to the electrode holders. In a modified embodiment of the device, the leg 23 of the electrode holder 21 was inclined forward by a few degrees against the vertical. Here, however, the field strength at the spraying edge was somewhat lower, while the field in the area between the electrode holder and bell plate was larger than when the leg 23 was arranged vertically, so that paint particles arriving in this area were directed correspondingly more strongly to the electrode holder.

Claims (13)

1. An apparatus for the electrostatic coating of objects with an electrically conductive material, with a spraying device which imparts to the sprayed material a substantially radial component of motion, preferably a rotary atomizer ; with an external housing (7) holding the spray-head (2) and enclosing a line (4) supplying the coating material from a supply system to a spraying edge (6) of the spray-head (2), said line (4) and the material supplied thereby being electrically grounded as far as the spray-head (2) ; with electrodes (20), arranged radially around the spray-head (2) at uniform angular intervals, and said electrodes being connected to a source of high voltage for the purpose of producing an electrical field which charges the coating material ; and with a separate deflecting device which imparts to the sprayed coating material an additional axial component of motion towards the object to be coated, said separate deflecting device preferably comprising at least one annular group of deflecting gas ducts (27, 27') arranged around the axis of the spray device ; characterized in that the radial distance between the charging electrodes (20) and the spraying edge (6) is greater than twice the diameter of the said spraying edge (6).
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the front ends of the charging electrodes (20) are set back axially behind the plane of the spraying edge (6) by a distance not greater than half the radial distance between the electrodes (20) and the spraying edge (6), preferably less than 1/5th of that distance.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that only three charging electrodes (20) are provided.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there is provided a plurality of spraying devices being arranged side by side approximately in a common plane, and their axes being mutually spaced from each other by a distance less than 15 times the diameter of the spraying edge, and each spraying device has only two charging electrodes.
5: An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the charging electrodes (20) is arranged on a plastic electrode-holder (21) which has a part (23) located axially behind the electrode and running substantially radially from the external housing (7), and a part (22) projecting axially forward, the radial part (23) being longer than the axial part (22).
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrode-holders (21) are connected to a supporting ring (29) adapted to be slipped onto the housing (7).
7. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging electrodes (20) are axially located needles which are inserted into an electrode-holder (21) made of an insulating material, with the axially front end of which the tip of the needle lies at least approximately flush.
8. An apparatus according to-claim 6, characterized in that a high-voltage cable (26) runs to each charging electrode (20), the said cable passing through the electrode-holder (21) and its supporting ring (29) without interruption to the exterior thereof.
9. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each charging electrode (20) is preceded by a high-impedance damping resistor (25).
10. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external housing (7) of the unit holding the spray-head (2) is made of insulating material at least at its front portion axially extending to near the electrode-holders.
11. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axes of an annular group of deflecting gas ducts (27) are on a circle having a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the spraying edge (6).
12. An apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that at least two of the following three annular groups of deflecting gas ducts are provided :
a) a group situated at the front end of the external housing (7) facing the spray-head (2), and having a diameter greater than that of the spraying edge (6) ;
b) a group (27) situated at an axially rearward part of the external housing (7), and having a diameter greater than that of the spraying edge
(6) ;
c) a group (27') having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the spraying edge (6).
EP85109729A 1984-08-07 1985-08-02 Apparatus for the electrostatic spray-coating of articles Expired EP0171042B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3429075A DE3429075A1 (en) 1984-08-07 1984-08-07 Device for the electrostatic coating of articles
DE3429075 1984-08-07
US66593284A 1984-10-29 1984-10-29
US665932 1984-10-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0171042A1 EP0171042A1 (en) 1986-02-12
EP0171042B1 true EP0171042B1 (en) 1988-07-27

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ID=25823658

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EP85109729A Expired EP0171042B1 (en) 1984-08-07 1985-08-02 Apparatus for the electrostatic spray-coating of articles

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EP (1) EP0171042B1 (en)
AU (1) AU578111B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1259483A (en)
DE (1) DE3563917D1 (en)
ES (1) ES288858Y (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6896735B2 (en) 2002-01-24 2005-05-24 Behr Systems, Inc. Integrated charge ring
US7051950B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2006-05-30 Dürr Systems, Inc. Atomizer for coating unit and method for its material supply
US7328123B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2008-02-05 Durr Systems, Inc. System for collision avoidance of rotary atomizer
US7347649B2 (en) 2002-07-11 2008-03-25 Durr Systems, Inc. Powder purge tube

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0243043B1 (en) * 1986-04-18 1991-06-26 Nordson Corporation Electrostatic rotary atomizing liquid spray coating apparatus
JP2926071B2 (en) * 1990-05-18 1999-07-28 エービービー株式会社 Electrostatic coating equipment
CA2322256C (en) * 1998-03-04 2006-09-05 Abb Patent Gmbh High voltage source rotary spray
GB0625583D0 (en) 2006-12-21 2007-01-31 Itw Ltd Paint spray apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3393662A (en) * 1964-12-30 1968-07-23 Ronald J. Blackwell Apparatus for electrostatic spray coating
DE2412131C3 (en) * 1974-03-13 1982-07-15 Ernst Mueller Gmbh & Co, 7057 Winnenden Device for the electrostatic coating of objects with liquid or powder coating material
NL187613C (en) * 1978-01-11 1991-12-02 Akzo Nv DEVICE FOR ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE PAINT.
DE3001209C2 (en) * 1980-01-15 1985-07-25 Behr, Hans, 7000 Stuttgart Device for atomizing liquid paint, in particular paint atomizer
JPS58190457U (en) * 1982-06-10 1983-12-17 富士写真フイルム株式会社 electrostatic painting equipment

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7051950B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2006-05-30 Dürr Systems, Inc. Atomizer for coating unit and method for its material supply
US6896735B2 (en) 2002-01-24 2005-05-24 Behr Systems, Inc. Integrated charge ring
US7347649B2 (en) 2002-07-11 2008-03-25 Durr Systems, Inc. Powder purge tube
US7328123B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2008-02-05 Durr Systems, Inc. System for collision avoidance of rotary atomizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4583685A (en) 1986-02-13
CA1259483A (en) 1989-09-19
EP0171042A1 (en) 1986-02-12
ES288858Y (en) 1986-10-01
AU578111B2 (en) 1988-10-13
ES288858U (en) 1986-03-16
DE3563917D1 (en) 1988-09-01

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