EP0283918B1 - Device for electrostatic coating of objects - Google Patents
Device for electrostatic coating of objects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0283918B1 EP0283918B1 EP88104183A EP88104183A EP0283918B1 EP 0283918 B1 EP0283918 B1 EP 0283918B1 EP 88104183 A EP88104183 A EP 88104183A EP 88104183 A EP88104183 A EP 88104183A EP 0283918 B1 EP0283918 B1 EP 0283918B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- outer housing
- electrodes
- spraying
- mounting arrangement
- electrode mounting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
- B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
- B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for electrostatically coating workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a device for example for coating vehicle body shells, in which, in contrast to conventional systems, instead of the spray head, only one arrangement of external electrodes is placed at high voltage potential, is known to have significant advantages when using conductive spray materials such as so-called water-based paints (cf. DE-OS 34 29 075 and 36 09 240). In particular, significant insulation problems are avoided since the entire paint line system can be grounded up to the spray head. With such a device with external electrodes, however, it is extremely difficult to avoid contamination of the spray device, particularly in the area of the electrodes and their holder arrangement and the atomizer housing, by the coating material during operation with good application efficiency, which depends on a good charging of the sprayed coating material.
- the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 is said to have only two, three or at most four charging electrodes which are embedded in a plastic holder projecting radially from the outer housing of the spray head and projecting axially towards the workpiece to be coated.
- Each of these holders is firmly connected at the rear end to a ring body which is also made of plastic and is placed on the outer housing.
- the device described in DE-OS 36 09 240 is intended instead have a ring body made of insulating material which surrounds the outer housing of the spray head at a distance, from which a plurality of needle-shaped electrodes protrude, possibly in finger-like approaches, and in which an electrical conductor, which connects the electrodes to one another and is connected to a high-voltage line, is arranged insulated.
- a ring body made of insulating material which surrounds the outer housing of the spray head at a distance, from which a plurality of needle-shaped electrodes protrude, possibly in finger-like approaches, and in which an electrical conductor, which connects the electrodes to one another and is connected to a high-voltage line, is arranged insulated.
- this enables a more uniform spray pattern to be achieved than with only three or four individual electrodes.
- a more or less large proportion of the sprayed paint particles can be deposited instead of the workpiece to be coated to hike.
- the invention has for its object to provide a device that tends less in the area between the outer housing and the charging electrodes to contamination by the sprayed coating material than before.
- the coating material is atomized in a known manner and sprayed with a predominantly radial movement component.
- they are sprayed off Particles are not initially charged, but they only receive their charge at a greater or lesser radial distance from the spraying edge in the ionization area of the electrodes, which charge the air around them by corona discharge.
- the color particles can migrate to the grounded workpiece due to the electrostatic field generated by the electrodes.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the risk of self-coating of the device in the area up to the electrodes can be significantly reduced by appropriate design of the device, namely by using suitable insulating materials.
- the internal pollution during operation can be reduced to a minimum. It is considerably lower than that of all plastics previously used in practice for the outer housing and the electrode holder arrangement, e.g. Polypropylene (PP) or polyacetal (POM).
- PP Polypropylene
- POM polyacetal
- the device shown in FIG. 1 contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell plate 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed.
- a water-based paint or other conductive coating material runs along the axis of the spraying device from a storage system to the bell plate 2 supplying metal pipe 3, with which the entire coating material is laid to earth potential up to the spraying edge of the bell plate 2.
- the workpiece to be coated (not shown) is also at earth potential, that is, in the example described here, part of a vehicle body which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell cup 2.
- the spray device has an outer housing 4 made of insulating plastic, in which a metallic inner housing 6 can be located.
- a cover 5 rotating with the bell plate 2 extends between the bell plate 2 and the end face of the outer housing 4 and, like the earthed bell plate 2, can be made of metal.
- the cover 5 could also be arranged as a separate component next to the bell plate.
- needle-shaped charging electrodes 10 are provided in the illustrated example on a circle concentric to the axis of the spraying device at uniform angular intervals.
- the charging electrodes 10 are embedded axially parallel with their main part in finger-like protrusions 11 of a circular ring body 12 made of insulating material, likewise made of insulating material, and with their rear ends electrically conductively connected to a ring-shaped conductor 13 made of wire, which interconnects all electrodes and which is intended to be completely enclosed inside the insulating body 12 for electrical insulation.
- the electrodes 10 and the conductor 13 are connected via a high-voltage cable 14 to a high-voltage generator, the voltage of which can typically be of the order of 60 to 100 kV.
- the annular body 12 is fastened to the spraying device by, for example, two spoke-like supports 15 made of insulating material, which can be clamped to the outer housing 4, for example (in a manner not shown) with a clamping ring.
- the number of charging electrodes 10 should be selected so that there is a sufficiently small distance between the electrodes to avoid a risk of contamination from the coating material on the front end face of the ring body 12.
- a pitch circle diameter of the electrodes of 400 mm for example at least about 18 electrodes should be used. If you choose a smaller or larger pitch circle diameter for the electrodes, their possible minimum number must be reduced or enlarged accordingly.
- the distance between the electrode tips should accordingly be between about 40 and 70 mm.
- the radially measured distance of the electrode tips from the spraying edge of the bell cup should, as in the known device mentioned, be greater than twice the diameter (here approximately 70 mm) of the spraying edge.
- a currently preferred range of possible pitch circle diameters of the electrodes 10 is approximately 350 to 450 mm.
- the axial position of the electrode tips with respect to the plane of the spray edge is also important for the risk of contamination.
- the electrode tips are set back in the axial direction a certain distance behind the spray edge. This distance is chosen so that there is a usable compromise between the charging of the sprayed coating material, which becomes better as the distance decreases, and an increasing risk of contamination.
- axially measured distances between 25 and 60 mm and preferably approximately 50 mm have been found to be useful.
- the front ends of the charging electrodes should be set back axially by less than 1/3 of the distance of the electrode tips from the spray edge measured in the radial direction behind the plane of the spray edge.
- the radial supports 15 can consist of a tube, in the open end of which the annular body 12 with suitable radially inwardly projecting pins is inserted under sealing, as shown at 16.
- the ring body 12 can consist of a different plastic such as polyacetal (POM) for design and manufacturing reasons.
- the outer housing 4 should be free of recesses, openings and bores and should also not contain any screws or the like. If such fasteners are unavoidable, they should also be made of PTFE.
- the dielectric strength of the housing 4 should be at least 5 kV at least in the entire area where there is a risk of contamination from the sprayed coating material.
- a separate cover 8 which is made of a three-dimensional air-permeable material such as e.g. consists of a porous plastic body that can serve as condensation protection.
- a suitable material for this is e.g. commercially available under the name "Filtroplast”.
- the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment shown with an insulating ring body and a relatively large number of outer electrodes, but is also suitable, for example, for the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 mentioned, with electrodes arranged individually on each support.
- PTFE is essentially cheaper than other materials in terms of its own pollution.
- Various properties may play a role here, which differentiate PTFE from other plastics such as PP, POM and PVC or other insulating materials such as hard cardboard or ceramic.
- PTFE has practically no water absorption capacity, so its properties are hardly dependent on changes in air humidity.
- the electrode holder arrangement should preferably consist of an insulating material on at least one radially extending part 15 and at least on the side facing the workpiece, the surface potential of which, during operation of the spraying device, is approximated in the radial direction to the potential distribution of the sprayed-off material, which is due, among other things, to self-charging and charge dissipation allows significant surface behavior such as surface resistance to be achieved.
- all parts of the electrode holder arrangement should be at least approximately at the same electrical potential as the respective paint particles that would come or would come close to them when sprayed. As a rule, radial continuous potential control in the area between the atomizer housing and electrodes is therefore preferable.
- the spray head 2 and / or the cover 5 rotating with it can also consist, at least in part, of other material suitable for the desired potential control instead of metal, which is currently preferred.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment modified in this regard, in which a corresponding cover 8 'like a hood encloses the entire outside of the outer housing 4 'made of PTFE. Between the outside of the outer housing 4 'and the inside of the entire cover 8', with the exception of the axially front and rear edges, an air gap 20 is left free, into which a line 21 leads for blowing air into this annular gap. The air escapes through the porous material of the cover 8 '.
- the cover 8 ' can have an opening for the passage of the support 15.
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- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Beschichten von Werkstücken gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Ansprüchs 1.The invention relates to a device for electrostatically coating workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine derartige, beispielsweise zum Beschichten von Fahrzeugrohkarossen dienende Vorrichtung, bei der im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Systemen statt des Sprühkopfes nur eine Anordnung von Außenelektroden auf Hochspannungspotential gelegt wird, hat bekanntlich wesentliche Vorteile bei Verwendung leitfähiger Sprühstoffe wie der sogenannten Wasserlacke (vgl. DE-OS 34 29 075 und 36 09 240). Insbesondere werden erhebliche Isolationsprobleme vermieden, da das gesamte Lackleitungssystem bis zum Sprühkopf geerdet werden kann. Bei einer derartigen Vorrichtung mit Außenelektroden ist es jedoch äußerst schwierig, im Betrieb bei gutem Auftragungswirkungsgrad, der von einer guten Aufladung des abgesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials abhängt, eine Verschmutzung der Sprüheinrichtung vor allem im Bereich der Elektroden sowie deren Halteranordnung und des Zerstäubergehäuses durch das Beschichtungsmaterial zu vermeiden. Eine Verschmutzung des Elektrodenbereiches hat einen Leistungsabfall, d.h. geringeren Wirkungsgrad zur Folge, was wiederum die Neigung zu noch stärkerer Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Material weiter verstärkt. Die aus der DE-OS 34 29 075 bekannte Vorrichtung soll aus diesem Grund nur zwei, drei oder allenfalls vier Aufladeelektroden haben, die in je einem radial vom Außengehäuse des Sprühkopfes abstehenden und axial in Richtung zum zu beschichtenden Werkstück vorspringenden Halter aus Kunststoff eingebettet sind. Jeder dieser Halter ist am hinteren Ende fest mit einem auf das Außengehäuse aufgesetzten, ebenfalls aus Kunststoff bestehenden Ringkörper verbunden. Die in der DE-OS 36 09 240 beschriebene Vorrichtung soll stattdessen einen das Außengehäuse des Sprühkopfes mit Abstand umgebenden Ringkörper aus Isoliermaterial aufweisen, von dem eine Vielzahl von nadelförmigen Elektroden gegebenenfalls in fingerartigen Ansätzen vorspringen, und in dem ein die Elektroden ringartig miteinander verbindender, an eine Hochspannungsleitung angeschlossener elektrischer Leiter isoliert angeordnet ist. Dadurch kann insbesondere ein gleichmäßigeres Sprühbild erzielt werden als bei nur drei oder vier Einzelelektroden. Obwohl sich diese Konstruktionen in der Praxis bereits bewährt haben, konnten bei gewissen Betriebsbedingungen die Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich der erwähnten Verschmutzungsgefahr nicht vermieden werden. Nicht nur auf den Isolierflächen an den Elektroden selbst, sondern insbesondere auch an den radial von dem Außengehäuse des Zerstäubers abstehenden, die Elektrodenanordnung tragenden Stützen sowie auf dem Zerstäubergehäuse kann sich ein mehr oder weniger großer Anteil der abgesprühten Farbpartikel niederschlagen, statt zu dem zu beschichtenden Werkstück zu wandern.Such a device, for example for coating vehicle body shells, in which, in contrast to conventional systems, instead of the spray head, only one arrangement of external electrodes is placed at high voltage potential, is known to have significant advantages when using conductive spray materials such as so-called water-based paints (cf. DE-OS 34 29 075 and 36 09 240). In particular, significant insulation problems are avoided since the entire paint line system can be grounded up to the spray head. With such a device with external electrodes, however, it is extremely difficult to avoid contamination of the spray device, particularly in the area of the electrodes and their holder arrangement and the atomizer housing, by the coating material during operation with good application efficiency, which depends on a good charging of the sprayed coating material. Contamination of the electrode area results in a drop in performance, ie lower efficiency, which in turn further increases the tendency towards even greater contamination by the sprayed-off material. For this reason, the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 is said to have only two, three or at most four charging electrodes which are embedded in a plastic holder projecting radially from the outer housing of the spray head and projecting axially towards the workpiece to be coated. Each of these holders is firmly connected at the rear end to a ring body which is also made of plastic and is placed on the outer housing. The device described in DE-OS 36 09 240 is intended instead have a ring body made of insulating material which surrounds the outer housing of the spray head at a distance, from which a plurality of needle-shaped electrodes protrude, possibly in finger-like approaches, and in which an electrical conductor, which connects the electrodes to one another and is connected to a high-voltage line, is arranged insulated. In particular, this enables a more uniform spray pattern to be achieved than with only three or four individual electrodes. Although these constructions have already proven themselves in practice, the difficulties with regard to the mentioned risk of contamination could not be avoided under certain operating conditions. Not only on the insulating surfaces on the electrodes themselves, but in particular also on the supports protruding radially from the outer housing of the atomizer and supporting the electrode arrangement, as well as on the atomizer housing, a more or less large proportion of the sprayed paint particles can be deposited instead of the workpiece to be coated to hike.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die im Bereich zwischen dem Außengehäuse und den Aufladeelektroden weniger zur Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Beschichtungsmaterial neigt als bisher.The invention has for its object to provide a device that tends less in the area between the outer housing and the charging electrodes to contamination by the sprayed coating material than before.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Ansprüch 1 gekennzeichnete Vorrichtung gelöst.This object is achieved by the device characterized in claim 1.
Bei einer Vorrichtung der hier beschriebenen Art mit in der Regel konzentrisch um die Absprühkante verteilten, vorzugsweise geringfügig hinter deren Ebene zurückgesetzten Elektrodenspitzen (oder -schneiden) wird das Beschichtungsmaterial in bekannter Weise zerstäubt und mit überwiegend radialer Bewegungskomponente abgesprüht. Im Gegensatz zu der konventionellen Kontaktaufladung des Materials in oder an einem auf Hochspannungspotential liegenden Zerstäuber sind die abgesprühten Partikel zunächst nicht geladen, sondern sie erhalten ihre Ladung erst in mehr oder weniger großer radialer Entfernung von der Absprühkante im Ionisierungsbereich der Elektroden, die die Luft in ihrer Umgebung durch Koronaentladung auf laden. Nach dieser mittelbaren Aufladung durch Luftionenanlagerung können die Farbpartikel aufgrund des von den Elektroden erzeugten elektrostatischen Feldes zu dem geerdeten Werkstück wandern. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß die Gefahr einer Eigenbeschichtung der Vorrichtung im Bereich bis zu den Elektroden durch zweckmäßige Ausbildung der Vorrichtung, nämlich durch Verwendung geeigneter Isolierwerkstoffe wesentlich herabgesetzt werden kann.In the case of a device of the type described here, with electrode tips (or cutting), which are generally distributed concentrically around the spraying edge, preferably set back slightly behind their level, the coating material is atomized in a known manner and sprayed with a predominantly radial movement component. In contrast to the conventional contact charging of the material in or on an atomizer that is at high voltage potential, they are sprayed off Particles are not initially charged, but they only receive their charge at a greater or lesser radial distance from the spraying edge in the ionization area of the electrodes, which charge the air around them by corona discharge. After this indirect charging by air ion accumulation, the color particles can migrate to the grounded workpiece due to the electrostatic field generated by the electrodes. The invention is based on the knowledge that the risk of self-coating of the device in the area up to the electrodes can be significantly reduced by appropriate design of the device, namely by using suitable insulating materials.
Gemäß der Erfindung wurde überraschend gefunden, daß bei Verwendung von Fluorkohlenstoffen, vor allem aber Polytetrafluoräthylen (PTFE) als Isloliermaterial die Eigenverschmutzung im Betrieb auf ein Minimum herabgesetzt werden kann. Sie ist erheblich geringer als bei allen für das Außengehäuse und die Elektrodenhalteranordnung in der Praxis bisher verwendeten Kunststoffen wie z.B. Polypropylen (PP) oder Polyacetal (POM). Möglicherweise wird durch den verwendeten Isolierwerkstoff eine radiale Potentialsteuerung erreicht, die der erst im Ionisierungsbereich der Außenelektroden in entsprechender radialer Entfernung von der Absprühkante erfolgenden Aufladung der Farbpartikel Rechnung trägt.According to the invention, it has surprisingly been found that when using fluorocarbons, but especially polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as insulation material, the internal pollution during operation can be reduced to a minimum. It is considerably lower than that of all plastics previously used in practice for the outer housing and the electrode holder arrangement, e.g. Polypropylene (PP) or polyacetal (POM). A radial potential control is possibly achieved by the insulating material used, which takes into account the charging of the color particles which takes place only in the ionization region of the outer electrodes at a corresponding radial distance from the spraying edge.
Am bevorzugten Beispiel eines zur Beschichtung von Fahrzeugkarossen verwendeten Rotationszerstäubers mit Außenelektroden wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt in
- Fig. 1
- eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung; und
- Fig. 2
- eine zweite, hinsichtlich des Zerstäubergehäuses abgewandelte Ausführungsform.
- Fig. 1
- a first embodiment of the device according to the invention; and
- Fig. 2
- a second, modified with respect to the atomizer housing.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung enthält eine Sprüheinrichtung in Form eines Rotationszerstäubers 1 des bekannten Glockentyps, dessen den Sprühkopf bildender Glockenteller 2 vorzugsweise von einer Luftturbine mit hoher Drehzahl angetrieben werden kann. Längs der Achse der Sprüheinrichtung verläuft ein Wasserlack oder sonstiges leitfähiges Beschichtungsmaterial von einem Vorratssystem dem Glockenteller 2 zuführendes Metallrohr 3, mit dem das gesamte Beschichtungsmaterial bis zur Absprühkante des Glockentellers 2 auf Erdpotential gelegt wird. Ebenfalls auf Erdpotential liegt das zu beschichtende Werkstück (nicht dargestellt), beim hier beschriebenen Beispiel also ein Teil einer Fahrzeugkarosse, der in einem axialen Abstand vor dem Glockenteller 2 angeordnet wird.The device shown in FIG. 1 contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell plate 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed. A water-based paint or other conductive coating material runs along the axis of the spraying device from a storage system to the bell plate 2 supplying metal pipe 3, with which the entire coating material is laid to earth potential up to the spraying edge of the bell plate 2. The workpiece to be coated (not shown) is also at earth potential, that is, in the example described here, part of a vehicle body which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell cup 2.
Die Sprüheinrichtung hat ein Außengehäuse 4 aus isolierendem Kunststoff, in dem sich ein metallisches Innengehäuse 6 befinden kann. Zwischen dem Glockenteller 2 und der Stirnfläche des Außengehäuses 4 erstreckt sich eine mit dem Glockenteller 2 rotierende Abdeckung 5, die wie der geerdete Glockenteller 2 aus Metall bestehen kann. Die Abdeckung 5 könnte auch als gesondertes Bauteil neben dem Glockenteller angeordnet sein.The spray device has an outer housing 4 made of insulating plastic, in which a metallic inner housing 6 can be located. A cover 5 rotating with the bell plate 2 extends between the bell plate 2 and the end face of the outer housing 4 and, like the earthed bell plate 2, can be made of metal. The cover 5 could also be arranged as a separate component next to the bell plate.
zum Aufladen des von der Absprühkante des Glockentellers 2 im wesentlichen radial abesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials sind bei dem dargestellten Beispiel auf einem zur Achse der Sprüheinrichtung konzentrischen Kreis in gleichmäßigen Winkelabständen nadelförmige Aufladeelektroden 10 vorgesehen. Die Aufladeelektroden 10 sind achsparallel liegend mit ihrem Hauptteil in fingerartige, aus Isolierwerkstoff bestehende Vorsprünge 11 eines kreisförmigen Ringkörpers 12 ebenfalls aus Isolierwerkstoff eingebettet und mit ihren hinteren Enden elektrisch leitend an einen ringförmig alle Elektroden miteinander verbindenden Leiter 13 aus Draht angeschlossen, der zur elektrischen Isolierung vollständig im Inneren des Isolierkörpers 12 eingeschlossen sein soll. Die Elektroden 10 und der Leiter 13 sind über ein Hochspannungskabel 14 an einen Hochspannungserzeuger angeschlossen, dessen Spannung typisch in der Größenordnung zwischen 60 und 100kV liegen kann. An der Sprühvorrichtung ist der Ringkörper 12 durch beispielsweise zwei aus isolierendem Werkstoff bestehende speichenartige Stützen 15 befestigt, die z.B. (in nicht dargestellter Weise) mit einem Spannring an dem Außengehäuse 4 angeklemmt werden können.for charging the coating material sprayed essentially radially from the spraying edge of the bell cup 2, needle-
Die Anzahl der Aufladeelektroden 10 soll so gewählt werden, daß sich ein zur Vermeidung einer Verschmutzungsgefahr durch das Beschichtungsmaterial auf der vorderen Stirnfläche des Ringkörpers 12 ausreichend geringer Abstand zwischen den Elektroden ergibt. Bei einem Teilkreisdurchmesser der Elektroden von 400 mm sollen beispielsweise mindestens etwa 18 Elektroden verwendet werden. Wenn man einen kleineren oder größeren Teilkreisdurchmesser für die Elektroden wählt, ist deren mögliche Mindestanzahl in entsprechendem Maße zu verkleinern bzw. zu vergrößern. In einem relativ großen Bereich von Teilkreisdurchmessern um den Wert von 400 mm des hier beschriebenen Beispiels sol dementsprechend der Abstand zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen zwischen etwa 40 und 70 mm betragen. Der radial gemessene Abstand der Elektrodenspitzen von der Absprühkante des Glockentellers soll wie bei der erwähnten bekannten Vorrichtung größer sein als das Doppelte des Durchmessers (hier ungefähr 70 mm) der Absprühkante. Ein derzeit bevorzugter Bereich möglicher Teilkreisdurchmesser der Elektroden 10 beträgt etwa 350 bis 450 mm. Von Bedeutung für die Verschmutzungsgefahr ist auch die axiale Position der Elektrodenspitzen bezüglich der Ebene der Absprühkante. Wie bei der bekannten Vorrichtung sind die Elektrodenspitzen in Axialrichtung um einen gewissen Abstand hinter die Absprühkante zurückgesetzt. Dieser Abstand wird so gewählt, daß sich ein brauchbarer Kompromiß zwischen der mit abnehmendem Abstand besser werdenden Aufladung des abgesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials und einer zugleich wachsenden Verschmutzungsgefahr ergibt. Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel haben sich axial gemessene Abstände zwischen 25 und 60 mm und vorzugsweise ungefähr 50 mm als brauchbar erwiesen. Generell gilt, daß die vorderen Enden der Aufladeelektroden axial um weniger als 1/3 des in radialer Richtung gemessenen Abstandes der Elektrodenspitzen von der Absprühkante hinter die Ebene der Absprühkante zurückgesetzt sein sollen.The number of
Bei den bisher in der Praxis verwendeten Vorrichtungen der insoweit beschriebenen Gattung wurde im Betrieb ungeachtet einer optimalen Anzahl und Anordnung von Elektroden in oben beschriebener Weise eine Eigenbeschichtung sowohl der Elektrodenhalteranordnung als auch des Außengehäuses des Zerstäubers beobachtet. Dieses Problem kann erfindungsgemäß durch Verwendung von Fluorkohlenstoffharz wie PTFE (Polytetrafluoräthylen), das z.B. unter dem Namen Teflon erhältlich ist, für wenigstens einen Teil der Isolierbestandteile der Vorrichtung, und zwar vorzugsweise für das Außengehäuse 4, die radialen Stützen 15 und die zapfen- oder fingerartigen Vorsprünge 11 weitgehend vermieden werden.In the devices of the type described so far, which have been used in practice, a self-coating of both the electrode holder arrangement and the outer housing of the atomizer was observed in operation regardless of an optimal number and arrangement of electrodes in the manner described above. This problem can be solved according to the invention by using fluorocarbon resin such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), e.g. is available under the name Teflon, for at least some of the insulating components of the device, preferably for the outer housing 4, the
Die radialen Stützen 15 können aus einem Rohr bestehen, in dessen offenes Ende der Ringkörper 12 mit passenden radial nach innen vorspringenden Zapfen unter Abdichtung eingesetzt ist, wie bei 16 dargestellt ist. Der Ringkörper 12 kann aus konstruktions- und fertigungstechnischen Gründen aus einem anderen Kunststoff wie Polyacetal (POM) bestehen.The
Es hat sich bei dem dargestellten Beispiel als zur Vermeidung einer Eigenverschmutzung wichtig erwiesen, daß die Außenflächen der aus PTFE bestehenden Teile soweit wie möglich kontinuierlich, d.h. frei von Löchern, Spalten, Fugen usw. sind. Insbesondere soll z.B. das Außengehäuse 4 frei von Ausnehmungen, Öffnungen und Bohrungen sein und auch keine Schrauben od. dgl. enthalten. Soweit derartige Befestigungselemente unvermeidbar sind, sollen sie ebenfalls aus PTFE bestehen. Ein Grund für die Eigenverschmutzung, die an einer Bohrung oder sonstigen Ausnehmungen insbesondere des Außengehäuses 4 zu beobachten wäre, ist möglicherweise die Herabsetzung der elektrischen Durchschlagfestigkeit. Die Durchschlagfestigkeit des Gehäuses 4 soll mindestens im gesamten Bereich der Gefahr einer Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Beschichtungsmaterial mindestens 5 kV betragen.In the example shown, it has proven to be important to avoid self-pollution that the outer surfaces the parts made of PTFE are continuous as far as possible, ie free of holes, gaps, joints etc. In particular, for example, the outer housing 4 should be free of recesses, openings and bores and should also not contain any screws or the like. If such fasteners are unavoidable, they should also be made of PTFE. One reason for the self-pollution that would be observed in a bore or other recesses, in particular in the outer housing 4, is possibly the reduction in the dielectric strength. The dielectric strength of the housing 4 should be at least 5 kV at least in the entire area where there is a risk of contamination from the sprayed coating material.
Zwischen dem Außengehäuse 4 und dem metallischen Innengehäuse 6 kann sich eine gesonderte Abdeckung 8 befinden, die aus einem dreidimensional luftdurchlässigen Material wie z.B. einem porösen Kunststoffkörper besteht, der als Kondenswasserschutz dienen kann. Ein hierfür geeignetes Material ist z.B. unter dem Namen "Filtroplast" im Handel erhältlich.Between the outer housing 4 and the metallic inner housing 6 there can be a
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem isolierenden Ringkörper und einer relativ großen Anzahl von Außenelektroden beschränkt, sondern eignet sich beispielsweise auch für die aus der erwähnten DE-OS 34 29 075 bekannte Vorrichtung mit einzeln an je einer Stütze angeordneten Elektroden.The invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment shown with an insulating ring body and a relatively large number of outer electrodes, but is also suitable, for example, for the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 mentioned, with electrodes arranged individually on each support.
Warum PTFE als Werkstoff hinsichtlich der Eigenverschmutzung wesenltich günstiger ist als andere Werkstoffe, konnte noch nicht geklärt werden. Möglicherweise spielen hierbei verschiedene Eigenschaften eine Rolle, durch die sich PTFE von anderen Kunststoffen wie PP, POM und PVC oder sonstigen Isolierstoffen, wie Hartpappe oder Keramik, unterscheidet. Hierzu gehören v.a. extrem hoher Oberflächenwiderstand (gemessen nach DIN 53 482), relativ geringe elektrostatische Aufladbarkeit aufgrund kleiner Dielektrizitätszahl und sehr langsame Entladung, d.h. zeitliche Änderung der Ladungsverteilung aufgrund des Ladungsausgleichs längs der Oberfläche. Ferner hat PTFE praktisch kein Wasseraufnahmevermögen, seine Eigenschaften sind also kaum von Änderungen der Luftfeuchtigkeit abhängig.It has not yet been clarified why PTFE is essentially cheaper than other materials in terms of its own pollution. Various properties may play a role here, which differentiate PTFE from other plastics such as PP, POM and PVC or other insulating materials such as hard cardboard or ceramic. This includes extremely high surface resistance (measured according to DIN 53 482), relatively low electrostatic chargeability due to low dielectric constant and very slow discharge, ie change in charge distribution over time due to the charge equalization along the surface. Furthermore, PTFE has practically no water absorption capacity, so its properties are hardly dependent on changes in air humidity.
Vorzugsweise soll die Elektrodenhalteranordnung wenigstens an einem radial verlaufenden Teil 15 und wenigstens an der dem Werkstück zugewandten Seite aus einem Isolierwerkstoff bestehen, dessen Oberflächenpotential im Betrieb der Sprüheinrichtung in radialer Richtung an die Potentialverteilung des abgesprühten Materials angenähert ist, was sich unter anderem durch das für Eigenaufladung und Ladungsableitung maßgebliche Oberflächenverhalten wie insbesondere Oberflächenwiderstand erreichen läßt. Vorzugsweise sollen alle Teile der Elektrodenhalteranordnung wenigstens annähernd auf demselben elektrischen Potential liegen wie die jeweiligen Farbpartikel, die beim Absprühen in ihre Nähe gelangen oder gelangen würden. In der Regel ist deshalb eine radial kontinuierliche Potentialsteuerung im Bereich zwischen Zerstäubergehäuse und Elektroden zu bevorzugen.The electrode holder arrangement should preferably consist of an insulating material on at least one radially extending
Der Sprühkopf 2 und/oder die mit ihm rotierende Abdeckung 5 können statt aus Metall, das derzeit bevorzugt wird, wenigstens zum Teil auch aus anderem für die gewünschte Potentialsteuerung geeigneten Material bestehen.The spray head 2 and / or the cover 5 rotating with it can also consist, at least in part, of other material suitable for the desired potential control instead of metal, which is currently preferred.
Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung liegt die erwähnte dreidimensional poröse ringförmige Abdeckung 8 auf der Innenseite des Außengehäuses 4 zwischen diesem und dem metallischen Innengehäuse 6. Fig. 2 zeigt eine in dieser Hinsicht abgewandelte Ausführungsform, bei der eine entsprechende Abdeckung 8' haubenartig die gesamte Außenseite des Außengehäuses 4' aus PTFE umschließt. Zwischen der Außenseite des Außengehäuses 4' und der Innenseite der gesamten Abdeckung 8' ist mit Ausnahme der axial vorderen und hinteren Ränder ein Luftspalt 20 freigelassen, in den eine Leitung 21 zum Einblasen von Luft in diesen ringförmigen Spalt führt. Die Luft gelangt durch das poröse Material der Abdeckung 8' nach außen. Die Abdeckung 8' kann eine öffnung zum Durchführen der Stütze 15 haben.In the device shown in Fig. 1, the aforementioned three-dimensional porous
Claims (12)
- Apparatus for electrostatically coating workpieces with an electrically conductive material with a spraying device, particularly a rotary atomiser (1), whose spraying head (2) is arranged on an inner housing (6) situated within an outer housing (4) of insulating material;
with a line supplying the coating material from a storage system to a spraying edge on the spraying head which line together with the material is at earth potential up to the spraying head;
with needle-shaped charging electrodes (10) which are radially distributed about the spraying head and which are connected to a high voltage generator for charging the coating material and for producing an electric field,
and with an electrode mounting arrangement (11,12,15) of insulating material in which the charging electrodes (10) are enclosed with the exception of their front ends, particularly with one or more supports (15) of insulating material projecting radially from the outer housing, characterised in that parts of the outer housing (4) and/or of the electrode mounting arrangement (11,12,15) lying in the region at risk of contamination by the sprayed coating material comprise a fluorocarbon. - Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the fluorocarbon insulating material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that radially extending supports (15) on the electrode mounting arrangement (11,12,15) comprise the fluorocarbon material (polytetrafluoroethylene), at least on their surface.
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the needle-shaped charging electrodes (10) are embedded in finger-like projections (11) of the fluorocarbon material (polytetrafluoroethylene).
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer housing (4) has a continuously smooth outer surface, at least in the region at risk of contamination by the sprayed coating material, and is free from recesses, openings and bores in this region.
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the electric breakdown voltage of the outer housing (4) in the entire region at risk of contamination by the sprayed coating material is at least 5 kV.
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one or more radially extending supports (15) of the electrode mounting arrangement, which connect the insulating parts (11,12) containing the charging electrodes (10) to the inner housing (6), comprise ceramic material, at least in part.
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the charging electrodes (10) are mounted on an annular body (12) comprising an insulating material on a circle concentric with the axis of the spraying device at uniform angular spacings.
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spraying head (2) and/or a cover (5) arranged adjacent it comprise metal, at least in part.
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a separate cover (8,8') comprising a three-dimensionally air-permeable material is disposed on the inner surface or on the outer surface of the outer housing (4,4').
- Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that between the outer housing (4') and the porous cover (8') there is an annular, circular air gap (20), into which a line (21) for blowing in air discharges.
- Apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the electric potential at the surface of at least one radially extending part (15) of the electrode mounting arrangement, at least on the side directed towards the workpiece in operation of the spraying device, approximates in the radial direction to the potential distribution of the sprayed material.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873709508 DE3709508A1 (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1987-03-23 | Apparatus for the electrostatic coating of workpieces |
| DE3709508 | 1987-03-23 | ||
| DE8709948U | 1987-07-20 | ||
| DE8709948U DE8709948U1 (en) | 1987-07-20 | 1987-07-20 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0283918A2 EP0283918A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| EP0283918A3 EP0283918A3 (en) | 1989-11-02 |
| EP0283918B1 true EP0283918B1 (en) | 1991-07-10 |
Family
ID=25853812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88104183A Expired - Lifetime EP0283918B1 (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1988-03-16 | Device for electrostatic coating of objects |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4955960A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0283918B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0661491B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR930004010B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1010559B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU602963B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8801279A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1303345C (en) |
| CS (1) | CS275114B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3863562D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2004334B3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI91720C (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT57086A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX169525B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ223920A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL158987B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1806020C (en) |
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| US7328123B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2008-02-05 | Durr Systems, Inc. | System for collision avoidance of rotary atomizer |
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- 1988-03-16 EP EP88104183A patent/EP0283918B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-16 ES ES88104183T patent/ES2004334B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-16 DE DE8888104183T patent/DE3863562D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-17 NZ NZ223920A patent/NZ223920A/en unknown
- 1988-03-21 RU SU884355345A patent/RU1806020C/en active
- 1988-03-22 CN CN88101597A patent/CN1010559B/en not_active Expired
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- 1988-03-22 CS CS881871A patent/CS275114B2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-22 KR KR1019880003045A patent/KR930004010B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-22 MX MX010847A patent/MX169525B/en unknown
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- 1988-03-23 JP JP63070813A patent/JPH0661491B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-23 PL PL1988271381A patent/PL158987B1/en unknown
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1989
- 1989-09-22 US US07/411,223 patent/US4955960A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6896735B2 (en) | 2002-01-24 | 2005-05-24 | Behr Systems, Inc. | Integrated charge ring |
| US7347649B2 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2008-03-25 | Durr Systems, Inc. | Powder purge tube |
| US7328123B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2008-02-05 | Durr Systems, Inc. | System for collision avoidance of rotary atomizer |
| DE102005000983A1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Universal ionization fitting for spray coating device has at least one corona electrode integrated into or mounted on electrode support, connected to high voltage source and used to electrostatically charge secondary air or guided air |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI881345A0 (en) | 1988-03-22 |
| BR8801279A (en) | 1988-10-25 |
| PL271381A1 (en) | 1988-12-22 |
| NZ223920A (en) | 1989-10-27 |
| HUT57086A (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| CN88101597A (en) | 1988-10-05 |
| FI91720B (en) | 1994-04-29 |
| KR880010829A (en) | 1988-10-24 |
| EP0283918A3 (en) | 1989-11-02 |
| KR930004010B1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| ES2004334A4 (en) | 1989-01-01 |
| DE3863562D1 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| AU602963B2 (en) | 1990-11-01 |
| CS8801871A3 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
| CN1010559B (en) | 1990-11-28 |
| CS275114B2 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
| ES2004334B3 (en) | 1992-01-16 |
| JPH0661491B2 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
| AU1337688A (en) | 1988-09-22 |
| MX169525B (en) | 1993-07-09 |
| FI91720C (en) | 1994-08-10 |
| US4955960A (en) | 1990-09-11 |
| EP0283918A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| JPS63258665A (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| RU1806020C (en) | 1993-03-30 |
| FI881345A (en) | 1988-09-24 |
| PL158987B1 (en) | 1992-10-30 |
| CA1303345C (en) | 1992-06-16 |
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