EP0170958B1 - Relais piézoélectrique - Google Patents

Relais piézoélectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0170958B1
EP0170958B1 EP85109070A EP85109070A EP0170958B1 EP 0170958 B1 EP0170958 B1 EP 0170958B1 EP 85109070 A EP85109070 A EP 85109070A EP 85109070 A EP85109070 A EP 85109070A EP 0170958 B1 EP0170958 B1 EP 0170958B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact element
longitudinal
transducer
relay
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85109070A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0170958A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Lüneburger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0170958A1 publication Critical patent/EP0170958A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0170958B1 publication Critical patent/EP0170958B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
    • H01H2057/003—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays the relay being latched in actuated position by magnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piezoelectric relay with at least one piezoceramic transducer element, the change in shape of which can be implemented when a voltage is applied to actuate at least one contact element, in accordance with the first part of patent claim 1.
  • Electromagnetic systems in a wide variety of designs have always been used to drive relays, the excitation coil of which can have undesirable effects on the relay function due to its heating and through contact-damaging evaporation of the winding insulation.
  • the use of the piezoelectric effect for switching relay contacts was also considered a long time ago.
  • the shape change of piezoelectric transducer elements is only small compared to their size, the performance characteristics of electromagnetic relays have not been able to be achieved with such designs.
  • the contact element is in each case connected directly to a bending transducer, so that the deflection of the bending element directly results in the contact stroke.
  • the bending transducer and thus the relay as a whole have to be of a size which does not allow economical use of such relays for most fields of application. If the transducer is at the same time the carrier of the contact pieces, the current leads and possibly additional magnetic components, the transducer function is influenced by the electrical field of the switching voltage, while the heating of the contact pieces by the switching current can impair the transducer material itself.
  • a piezoelectric relay according to the preamble of the main claim is already described in CH-A-261 495.
  • a longitudinal converter is clamped at one end and fixedly connected at its free end to the first end of a leaf spring.
  • a second leaf spring Parallel to this is a second leaf spring, which is fixed with its first end to an abutment. Both leaf springs are firmly connected to each other at their free ends and carry contact elements there.
  • bending of the leaf spring arrangement can thus be achieved at its contact-carrying end.
  • the arrangement of the elongated leaf springs in the extension of the likewise elongated piezoceramic transducer results in an undesirably large overall length.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a piezoelectric relay of the type mentioned, in which the force-displacement characteristic that can be achieved with electromagnetic relays can be realized in a simpler and space-saving construction.
  • the piezoceramic linear transducer has no contact current leads, no contact pieces or magnetic components. Its change in length is transmitted via a lever system to a pivotable contact element, for example a contact spring, the relatively small change in length of the longitudinal converter being converted into the switching movement of the contact element required for a relay by the choice of the bearing point and the respective lever arms.
  • a single series converter a monostable switching behavior can be achieved, while a bistable switching behavior can be achieved by using at least two series converters.
  • the contact element extends with a long contact leg essentially parallel to the longitudinal converter, faces at least one counter-contact element with the free end and has at least one cross leg at its other end, which is rotatably mounted and in a predetermined Distance to the fulcrum attacks on the free end of the longitudinal converter.
  • the contact element is T-shaped, engages the longitudinal converter with a first short transverse leg and is mounted on a second longitudinal converter with the second short transverse leg.
  • the contact element is expediently T-shaped, the middle leg extending between two longitudinal transducers, the free ends of which each engage a transverse leg of the contact element, a spring element prestressing the respective transverse leg against the longitudinal transducer at each of the two points of attack .
  • bearing members could also be provided be seen, which each keep the cross leg in contact with the associated longitudinal transducer.
  • two parallel, one-sided clamped longitudinal transducers carry a pressure plate at their free ends and that both pressure plates are coupled via flexible intermediate webs to a contact element arranged between the longitudinal transducers.
  • the contact element itself which is expediently designed as a contact spring, can be led out with its free end from the plane of the two longitudinal transducers, so that mating contact elements and, if appropriate, additional tilting devices in the form of spring elements or permanent magnet systems can be arranged on both sides of this free end.
  • the means for generating the tilting characteristic can simultaneously generate the contact forces required in each case.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a piezoelectric relay with a frame-shaped housing 1, in which two longitudinal transducers or elongators 2 and 3 are each fastened with their ends 2a and-3a. If a voltage is applied to the longitudinal transducers via connection elements (not shown), they shorten so that their ends 2b and 3b move upward in FIG. 1.
  • a T-shaped contact element with a contact spring 4 arranged parallel to the longitudinal converters is arranged between the two longitudinal converters 2 and 3.
  • the free end 4a of the contact spring can be switched between two mating contact elements 5 and 6, while the other end 4b is fixedly connected to two transverse legs 7 and 8, which are each biased against one of the longitudinal transducers 2 and 3 by means of springs 9 and 10. If one of the longitudinal transducers 2 or 3 shortens, the associated cross leg 7 or 8 is also moved;
  • the lever ratio results in a correspondingly greater deflection of the contact-making end 4a of the contact spring 4.
  • Fig. 2 shows a modification of Fig. 1 for generating a monostable system.
  • a longitudinal converter 2 is provided, and the contact spring 4 is only provided with a single cross leg 7.
  • this cross leg 7 is mounted on the housing 1 via a bearing 11, while, as in the previous example, it is biased by a spring 9 against the longitudinal converter 2.
  • the storage and pretensioning could of course also take place in a different way, for example in that the cross leg 7 would be resilient, firmly clamped in the housing 1 and prestressed against the longitudinal converter 2.
  • a second cross leg could also be provided for storage.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 The embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is similar to that of FIG. 1.
  • the mating contact elements 5 and 6 are not arranged between the two longitudinal transducers, but next to them.
  • the contact spring 14 is therefore led from its fastening end 14b out of the area between the two longitudinal transducers 2 and 3 and only bent outside this area in a direction parallel to the longitudinal transducers. This results in the possibility of providing both the counter contacts 5 and 6 and also additional tilting devices, not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in the form of spring elements or permanent magnet systems.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 an embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 7 can be selected, for example. 5 and 6, the coupling between the series transducers 2 and 3 and the contact spring 4 of a bistable relay is shown, which is otherwise constructed as in Fig. 1 or 3. At the free ends of the longitudinal converter 2 and 3, a pressure plate 15 or 16 is attached, which is firmly connected to the respective longitudinal converter or is pressed firmly against the free end of the respective longitudinal converter by a counterforce F.
  • FIG. 6 shows the type of pivoting movement when the longitudinal converter 3 is shortened.
  • the two pressure plates 15 and 16 can be produced from one piece, the hinge webs 17 and 18 being designed as a reduction in cross section. Metal or plastic can be used as the material. Under certain circumstances, the contact spring 4 with the two pressure plates could also be made in one piece from metal.
  • Fig. 7 shows a modification of the arrangement of Fig. 5 to form a monostable relay.
  • a longitudinal converter 3 with a pressure plate 16 is provided, while instead of the second pressure plate 15, only a support 19 is firmly clamped in the housing 1.
  • the mode of operation of this monostable system is the same as for the bistable relay according to FIG. 5.
  • an additional force action is necessary or at least expedient in order to generate a tilting characteristic when switching the relay and also to ensure a sufficiently large contact force. Permanent magnetic systems or spring elements come into consideration for this.
  • a permanent magnet system is shown schematically, which can be used in a relay according to Fig. 1, 3 or 5.
  • a permanent magnet 21 with two pole shoes 22 and 23 is arranged so that the contact spring 4 adheres as an anchor in the respective end position while it is in contact with a mating contact element 5 or 6.
  • the contact spring 4 thus also acts as a magnet armature and must therefore be ferromagnetic. The separation of the magnetic and the electrical circuit would of course also be conceivable, so that a switching contact spring would be coupled to a magnet armature.
  • FIG. 9 shows a slightly modified magnet system with two permanent magnets 31 and 32 and associated pole pieces 33 and 34.
  • the contact spring 4 with the counter-contact elements 5 and 6 corresponds to the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the tilting characteristic can also be generated with spring elements.
  • 10 schematically shows the use of an omega spring 41, which is clamped between the free end of the contact spring 4 and the housing 1 and exerts a longitudinal force on the contact spring 4.
  • this omega spring By means of this omega spring, the contact spring is pressed into one of the two end positions each time the middle dead center is exceeded.
  • the contact spring 4 itself can also be designed to generate a tilting characteristic.
  • it has an extension 43 at its free end, which has a reduced cross section and is held at the end on the housing.
  • a cutting edge bearing is sufficient for the clamping, for example, since the spring only has to exert an axial counterforce and otherwise only has to be secured against lateral displacement of the bearing point.
  • these mechanical or magnetic means for generating the tilting characteristic can simultaneously generate the contact forces.
  • a plurality of contact springs can of course be used instead of the one contact spring shown.

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  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Relais piézoélectrique comportant au moins un élément transducteur piézocéramique, dont la déformation lors de l'application d'une tension est convertie de manière à actionner au moins un élément de contact (4), et dans lequel on utilise comme élément transducteur au moins un transducteur longitudinal (2, 3), dont une extrémité (2a, 3a) est fixée à un boîtier (1) du relais et dont l'autre extrémité (2b, 3b) est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un système à leviers (7, 8) à l'élément de contact (4), qui est disposé en vis-à-vis d'une extrémité libre (4a) d'au moins un élément de contact antagoniste (5, 6), caractérisé par le fait que l'élément de contact (4) s'étend, par une longue branche de ressort, parallèlement au transducteur longitudinal (2, 3) et qu'à l'autre extrémité (4b) de l'élément de contact (4) est reliée au moins une branche transversale (7, 8), qui est montée de manière à pouvoir tourner par rapport au boîtier (1) du relais et s'accroche, à une distance prédéterminée du point de support, à l'extrémité libre du transducteur longitudinal (2 ; 3).
2. Relais suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément de contact (4, 7, 8) est réalisé avec une forme en T, s'accroche au moyen d'une courte branche transversale (7, 8) à un premier transducteur longitudinal (2 ; 3) et est monté, au moyen de la seconde branche transversale courte (8 ; 7), sur un second transducteur longitudinal (3 ; 2).
3. Relais suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément de contact (4, 7, 8) est réalisé avec une forme en T, dont la branche médiane (4) s'étend entre deux transducteurs longitudinaux (2, 3), dont les extrémités libres (2b ; 3b) s'accrochent respectivement à une branche transversale (7, 8) de l'élément de contact, un élément de ressort (9, 10) appliquant à la branche transversale (7, 8), au niveau de chacun des deux points d'attaque, une précontrainte repoussant cette branche transversale contre le transducteur longitudinal associé (2, 3).
4. Relais suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que deux transducteurs longitudinaux (2, 3) disposés en parallèle et encastrés unilatéralement portent respectivement une plaque de pression (15, 16) au niveau de leurs extrémités libres et que les deux plaques de pression (15,16) sont reliées à un ressort de contact (4) par l'intermédiaire de barrettes intercalaires flexibles (17, 18).
5. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'extrémité de support (14b) de l'élément de contact (14) est disposée entre deux transducteurs longitudinaux (2, 3) et que son extrémité libre (14) s'étend hors du plan des deux transducteurs longitudinaux (2, 3).
6. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'un ressort d'encliquetage (41) est monté sur l'extrémité libre de l'élément de contact (4) et applique une force longitudinale à l'élément de contact (4).
7. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que l'extrémité libre de l'élément de contact (4) est réduite en coupe transversale et est écartée au niveau d'une position antagoniste dans le boîtier (1).
8. Relais suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'un ou plusieurs aimants permanents, qui attirent l'élément de contact (4) dans sa position d'extrémité respective, sont disposés dans le boîtier du relais.
EP85109070A 1984-07-24 1985-07-19 Relais piézoélectrique Expired EP0170958B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3427256 1984-07-24
DE3427256 1984-07-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0170958A1 EP0170958A1 (fr) 1986-02-12
EP0170958B1 true EP0170958B1 (fr) 1989-05-17

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EP85109070A Expired EP0170958B1 (fr) 1984-07-24 1985-07-19 Relais piézoélectrique

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EP (1) EP0170958B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3570320D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4133000C2 (de) * 1991-10-04 1993-11-18 Siegfried Dipl Ing Kipke Piezohydraulisches Modul zur Umsetzung taktiler Information
DE19904623C2 (de) * 1999-02-05 2001-05-31 Hengstler Gmbh Schalter, vorzugsweise Relais

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE487170A (fr) * 1948-02-04
US3614486A (en) * 1969-11-10 1971-10-19 Physics Int Co Lever motion multiplier driven by electroexpansive material

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Publication number Publication date
EP0170958A1 (fr) 1986-02-12
DE3570320D1 (en) 1989-06-22

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