EP0161953B1 - Ship comprising three semi-submersible floats - Google Patents

Ship comprising three semi-submersible floats Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161953B1
EP0161953B1 EP19850400603 EP85400603A EP0161953B1 EP 0161953 B1 EP0161953 B1 EP 0161953B1 EP 19850400603 EP19850400603 EP 19850400603 EP 85400603 A EP85400603 A EP 85400603A EP 0161953 B1 EP0161953 B1 EP 0161953B1
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Prior art keywords
float
semi
submersible
areas
floats
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0161953A1 (en
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André Marius Mauric
Jean-Charles Nahon
Jean-Michel Forestier
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Innomer Innovation Et Techniques de la Mer Civile Dite Ste
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Innomer Innovation Et Techniques de la Mer Civile Dite Ste
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • B63B2001/128—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising underwater connectors between the hulls

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is, in particular, to optimize the shapes and relative locations of the semi-submersible floats, by defining such new particular provisions.
  • the invention therefore relates to a ship comprising three semi-submersible floats connected to a bridge by legs, a central float being arranged in front and two lateral floats being arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of the central float, such as the principle is disclosed in US-A-1,815,286, for example.
  • the main concern of the naval architect when designing a ship of this type is therefore to solve the problem of reducing the forward resistance, and more particularly the wave resistance, on which the previous projects acted and failed.
  • FR-A-1 414492 defines the principles of provisions, which, for this type of ship, allow the reduction of wave resistance.
  • AI is substantially equal to AM3 and AM5.
  • AM1 is therefore substantially equal to any one of these three values.
  • the curve A1 is flat between the planes V 3 AR and V 5 AV. This is very favorable for obtaining a low wave resistance for the speeds corresponding to a Froude number of about 0.4 to 0.6 (curve A1 “balanced” between the front and the rear of the ship and free of accentuated hollows or peaks, especially in the area of plane VI).
  • the volume of the two lateral semi-submersible floats 5-8 on the one hand, and the volume of the central semi-submersible float 3-6 on the other hand, are substantially equal (surfaces of the curves of the areas A3 and A5 substantially equal) which allows, in the trimaran arrangement adopted, to further minimize the wave resistance.
  • the volumes of the lateral 5-8 and central 3-6 semi-submersible floats are substantially equal. This is a limit realization, suitable for high speeds (Fn> 0.6), AI / AM1 having to be chosen in principle greater than 0.45 to allow the maximum reduction in wave resistance.
  • FIG. 6 is characterized by a strong imbalance in the volumes of the lateral semi-submersible floats 5-8 on the one hand, of the central semi-submersible float 3-6 on the other hand: the ratio of these volumes is equal to 0.3. Again, this is a lower limit below which you should not go down. Furthermore AI / AM1 is substantially equal to 1, which is satisfactory.
  • FIG. 7 represents an embodiment in which the volume of the lateral (and rear) semi-submersible floats 5-8 is equal to 1.7 times that of the central (and front) semi-submersible float 3-6. This achievement constitutes the upper limit not to be exceeded. Furthermore, AI is substantially equal to AM1.
  • FIG. 8 represents an embodiment in which the curve of the areas A1 of the ship has a high asymmetry.
  • the ship's dissymmetry coefficient DIS is 0.3, which is the upper limit below which it is best to stay.
  • the lateral (and rear) semi-submersible floats 5-8 are belly relative to the central submersible float, front 3-6.
  • the coefficient of elongation of said floats is approximately equal to 7.
  • the shapes should be chosen so that the elongation coefficient is between 5 and 10.
  • a semi-submersible vessel has a performance roughly equivalent to that of a conventional surface vessel of the same tonnage, which makes this technique viable.
  • the wave resistance is notably lower because on the one hand, the elongation of the three semi-submersible floats may be more favorable than that of the two semi-submersible floats of a catamaran, on the other hand, the choice of the longitudinal overlap of the curves of the areas A3 and A5 makes it possible to avoid annoying interference between the flows along the central semi-submersible float 3-6 and lateral semi-submersible floats 5- 8 and, again, reduce the wave resistance.
  • the very choice of the curve of the areas A1 preferably the flattest between the two vertices of the curves of the areas A3 and A5 and in the vicinity of point 1 is, on this point, a guarantee of a significant reduction in the resistance to advancement.
  • the recommended structure is particularly robust.
  • catamarans for example, have generally fragile structures, given the very significant constraints that develop there.
  • the new structure type "trimaran” which is proposed does not have this previously known fragility because on the one hand the ship is generally supported on 3 points instead of 4 for catamarans, on the other hand the fins 9 close the structure formed by the legs 6 and 8 and the hulls 3 and 5.
  • the forces in the area of attachment of the legs 6 and 8 to the body 1 are much lower than those existing in the equivalent areas of connection of the floats of a semi-catamaran submersible at the center point of said catamaran.
  • the submerged part of the hull of a ship is usually defined by the values of its successive vertical cross-sections between the verticals passing through the submerged end points of the hull, called PPAV and PPAR in the direction of the length of the ship.
  • PPAV and PPAR in the direction of the length of the ship.
  • This volume is equal to the area delimited on the graph representing the curve of the areas of the vertical cross sections, by this curve of the areas and the x-axis.
  • An immersed body can be defined, at least partially, by horizontal sections.
  • semi-submersible float designates such a body with positive buoyancy, the curve of the areas of its horizontal sections (or water lines) having a maximum below the surface of the water at a depth TCL.
  • the value of this maximum is preferably greater than twice the value of the area of the horizontal section at the waterline.
  • TCL designates the arithmetic mean of said depths.
  • a semi-submersible float is made up of a whole totally submerged hull and a leg connecting it to at least the surface of the water.
  • the elongation is the ratio of the length of the curve of the areas of the vertical cross sections to the equivalent diameter of this semi-submersible float.
  • the longitudinal asymmetry of the float corresponds to the differences in values of the areas of vertical cross sections corresponding to abscissas x and (-x), symmetrical with respect to the origin of the abscissas. is a representation of this asymmetry. It has the dimensions of a volume and it is possible, and naturally preferable, to transform it to obtain a dimensionless coefficient. To do this, simply divide it by the volume V of the float.
  • the dissymmetry coefficient DIS of a float is defined by the equality:

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Description

L'architecte naval a aujourd'hui connaissance de plusieurs dispositions de principe pour réaliser des navires de surface, dont la flottabilité est obtenue par adoption de plusieurs coques. En particulier, sont déjà connues des réalisations de navires supportés par trois coques.The naval architect is today aware of several provisions in principle for making surface ships, the buoyancy of which is obtained by the adoption of several hulls. In particular, ship constructions supported by three hulls are already known.

Les plus connus de ces navires sont munis de coques, bien entendu partiellement immergées, mais aussi partiellement émergées: tel est le cas de la disposition représentée dans FR-A-1 414492. D'autres navires, moins connus du public, mais de conception déjà ancienne, sont munis de coques de sustentation entièrement immergées: la disposition représentée dans US-A-1 825286 est un exemple de tels navires.The best known of these ships are fitted with hulls, of course partially submerged, but also partially emerged: this is the case of the arrangement represented in FR-A-1 414492. Other ships, less known to the public, but of design already old, are fitted with fully submerged lift hulls: the arrangement shown in US-A-1 825286 is an example of such vessels.

On connaît par ailleurs, également, quelques réalisations, et de bien plus nombreux projets de navires de surface de ce deuxième type, dont la flottabilité est donc assurée par plusieurs - deux, trois ou quatre - coques totalement immergées, reliées au reste du navire par des jambes partiellement immergées qui participent à la flottabilité. La partie utile d'un tel navire est disposée au-dessus de la surface de l'eau et on désigne habituellement l'ensemble d'une coque proprement dite et de la partie de la jambe immergée par le vocable de «flotteur semi-submersible».We also know, also, some achievements, and many more projects of surface ships of this second type, whose buoyancy is therefore ensured by several - two, three or four - fully submerged hulls, connected to the rest of the ship by partially submerged legs that participate in buoyancy. The useful part of such a vessel is disposed above the surface of the water and the assembly of a hull proper and of the part of the submerged leg is usually designated by the term "semi-submersible float "

Les études des navires à «flotteurs semi-submersibles» se sont développées ces dernières années en vue d'aboutir à des réalisations économiquement viables, et non plus pour seulement définir des dispositions fondamentalement nouvelles dans leur principe. Les navires effectivement construits sont peu nombreux et l'expérience acquise est incomplète.Studies of ships with "semi-submersible floats" have been developed in recent years with the aim of achieving economically viable achievements, and no longer just to define provisions which are fundamentally new in principle. The ships actually built are few and the experience acquired is incomplete.

Cette nouvelle conception est cependant prometteuse en ce qui concerne la réalisation de navires ayant une bonne tenue à la mer et une stabilité satisfaisante. Encore faut-il parvenir à définir les dispositions particulières permettant l'obtention de la résistance à l'avancement minimale et, par conséquent, la réalisation de navires économiques quant à leur exploitation.This new design is, however, promising with regard to the production of ships having good seaworthiness and satisfactory stability. It is still necessary to manage to define the specific provisions allowing the obtaining of the resistance to the minimum advance and, consequently, the realization of economic ships as for their exploitation.

Aucun navire à «flotteurs semi-submersibles» connu ne possède les caractéristiques nautiques, notamment de résistance à l'avancement, susceptibles de rendre son exploitation économiquement séduisante, ce qui explique certainement la somnolence généralisée de tous les projets en cours d'étude.No known “semi-submersible float” vessel has nautical characteristics, in particular resistance to advancement, capable of making its operation economically attractive, which certainly explains the general drowsiness of all the projects under study.

Le but de la présente invention est, notamment, d'optimiser fesformes et emplacements relatifs des flotteurs semi-submersibles, en définissant de telles nouvelles dispositions particulières.The object of the present invention is, in particular, to optimize the shapes and relative locations of the semi-submersible floats, by defining such new particular provisions.

L'invention a donc pour objet un navire comportant trois flotteurs semi-submersibles reliés à un pont par des jambes, un flotteur central étant disposé en avant et deux flotteurs latéraux étant disposés symétriquement par rapport au plan longitudinal du flotteur central, tel que le principe en est révélé dans US-A-1 815 286, par exemple.The invention therefore relates to a ship comprising three semi-submersible floats connected to a bridge by legs, a central float being arranged in front and two lateral floats being arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of the central float, such as the principle is disclosed in US-A-1,815,286, for example.

La principale préoccupation de l'architecte naval lors de la conception d'un navire de ce type est donc de résoudre le problème de la réduction de la résistance à l'avancement, et plus particulièrement de la résistance de vagues, sur lequel les projets antérieurs ont buté et ont échoué.The main concern of the naval architect when designing a ship of this type is therefore to solve the problem of reducing the forward resistance, and more particularly the wave resistance, on which the previous projects stumbled and failed.

Certes, des solutions ont déjà été proposées pour les navires à coques de surfaces, non semi-submersibles: FR-A-1 414492 définit les principes de dispositions, qui, pour ce type de navires, permettent la réduction de la résistance de vagues.Of course, solutions have already been proposed for surface hulled ships, which are not semi-submersible: FR-A-1 414492 defines the principles of provisions, which, for this type of ship, allow the reduction of wave resistance.

On pourra alors croire qu'il était facile, évident pour l'homme du métier, de dégager l'enseignement de FR-A-1 414492 et, en l'appliquant à un navire à «flotteurs semi-subersibles», tel que représenté dans US-A-1 815 286, de réaliser un navire à «flotteurs semi-submersibles» ayant une faible résistance à l'avancement, devenant par ce fait même effectivement séduisant pour l'utilisateur.We may then believe that it was easy, obvious to a person skilled in the art, to extract the teaching from FR-A-1 414492 and, by applying it to a ship with "semi-subersible floats", as shown in US-A-1 815 286, to produce a vessel with “semi-submersible floats” having a low resistance to advancement, thereby becoming effectively attractive to the user.

Mais alors, d'une part, si cette démarche, qui n'est a priori qu'intellectuelle et exige naturellement la vérification .des essais réels, avait été si évidente, et compte tenu, d'autre part, de l'intérêt économique d'une telle nouvelle réalisation, on doit se poser la question suivante: pourquoi les architectes navals passés n'ont-ils pas proposé ce nouveau type de navires?But then, on the one hand, if this approach, which is a priori only intellectual and naturally requires verification of real tests, had been so obvious, and taking into account, on the other hand, the economic interest of such a new realization, one must ask the following question: why did the past naval architects not propose this new type of ships?

La seule réponse à cette question est, qu'en réalité, le concept même de navire à «flotteurs semi-submersibles» était et reste si peu commun en construction navale, que les projeteurs ont cru devoir tout repenser, tout imaginer de nouveau, sans s'embarrasser des connaissances antérieures estimées être de faible intérêt. C'est alors qu'il doit être considéré qu'appliquer l'enseignement de FR-A-1 414 492 à US-A-1 815 286 ne constitue pas une évidence, mais qu'au contraire, en réalisant cette application, l'homme du métier surmonte un préjugé technique, qui devait normalement lui faire écarter l'idée de cette application, et effectuer un authentique acte d'invention, entièrement non évident, ayant bien impliqué une réelle activité inventive.The only answer to this question is that, in reality, the very concept of a ship with “semi-submersible floats” was and remains so unusual in shipbuilding, that the designers believed they had to rethink everything, imagine everything again, without bother with previous knowledge estimated to be of little interest. It is then that it must be considered that applying the teaching of FR-A-1 414 492 to US-A-1 815 286 is not obvious, but on the contrary, by realizing this application, the he skilled in the art overcomes a technical prejudice, which would normally make him discard the idea of this application, and perform an authentic act of invention, entirely unobvious, having indeed involved a real inventive step.

C'est cet acte d'invention que la demanderesse a réalisé en prévoyant que, dans ce navire,

  • a) le rapport de l'ordonnée de la courbe des aires du navire au point de croisement des courbes des aires des flotteurs latéraux d'une part, et du flotteur central d'autre part, à l'ordonnée maximale de ladite courbe des aires du navire est au moins égal à 0,45, et
  • b) le rapport de la somme des volumes des flotteurs latéraux pris ensemble d'une part, au volume du flotteur central d'autre part est compris entre 0,3 et 1,7.
It is this act of invention that the plaintiff performed by providing that, in this ship,
  • a) the ratio of the ordinate of the curve of the areas of the ship to the point of intersection of the curves of the areas of the lateral floats on the one hand, and of the central float on the other hand, to the maximum ordinate of said area curve of the vessel is at least 0.45, and
  • b) the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the lateral floats taken together on the one hand, to the volume of the central float on the other hand is between 0.3 and 1.7.

Les avantageuses dispositions suivantes sont en outre de préférence adoptées:

  • - pour chaque flotteur, le rapport de la profondeur d'immersion du maximum de la courbe des aires des sections horizontales (soit TcL), au diamètre équivalent dudit flotteur est compris entre 0,6 et 1,4;
  • - le coefficient de dissymétrie du navire est inférieur à 0,3;
  • - l'allongement de chaque flotteur est compris entre 5 et 10;
  • - au moins un aileron sensiblement horizontal relie chaque flotteur latéral au flotteur central;
  • - les deux flotteurs latéraux sont d'une part identiques, d'autre part distincts du flotteur central.
The following advantageous arrangements are also preferably adopted:
  • - For each float, the ratio of the immersion depth of the maximum of the curve of the areas of the horizontal sections (ie TcL), to the equivalent diameter of said float is between 0.6 and 1.4;
  • - the ship's asymmetry coefficient is less than 0.3;
  • - the elongation of each float is between 5 and 10;
  • - At least one substantially horizontal fin connects each lateral float to the central float;
  • - The two lateral floats are on the one hand identical, on the other hand distinct from the central float.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, et des caractéristiques secondaires et leurs avantages apparaîtront au cours de la description de réalisation donnée ci-dessous à titre d'exemple.The invention will be better understood, and secondary characteristics and their advantages will appear during the description of embodiment given below by way of example.

Il est entendu que la description et les dessins ne sont donnés qu'à titre indicatif et non limitatif.It is understood that the description and the drawings are given for information only and are not limiting.

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue, suivant flèche F de la figure 2, d'un navire conforme à l'invention;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue, suivant flèche G de la figure 1, du même navire;
  • - la figure 3 est une coupe suivant III-III de la figure 1 ;
  • - les figures 4, 5, 6, 7 et 8 sont les courbes des aires de navires conformes à l'invention, selon plusieurs variantes de réalisation distinctes.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a view, along arrow F of Figure 2, of a ship according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a view, along arrow G of Figure 1, of the same ship;
  • - Figure 3 is a section along III-III of Figure 1;
  • - Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are the curves of the areas of ships according to the invention, according to several distinct embodiments.

Il est fait référence ci-après à certaines notions, dont le caractère peu usuel de la mention incite à définition, ce qui est réalisé dans l'annexe jointe, qui fait partie de la demande de brevet.Reference is made below to certain concepts, the uncommon nature of which prompts definition, which is done in the attached annex, which is part of the patent application.

Le navire représenté est un navire de surface, du type comportant trois flotteurs, dit «trimaran». Il est constitué par:

  • - un corps entièrement émergé 1, comprenant un pont 2 et abritant le volume utile du navire (cales de transport, cabines, locaux divers);
  • - une coque avant centrale 3, qui est oblongue, possède un plan longitudinal vertical de symétrie S, et est entièrement immergée en dessous de la surface de l'eau 4;
  • - deux coques latérales 5, qui sont disposées symétriquement par rapport au plan de symétrie S, en arrière de la coque centrale 3, sont identiques, et entièrement immergées;
  • - une jambe 6, qui s'étend verticalement, sensiblement parallèlement au plan de symétrie S et relie la coque centrale 3 à la face inférieure 7 du corps émergé 1 ;
  • - deux jambes 8, qui s'étendent verticalement, sensiblement parallèlement au plan de symétrie S et qui relient, chacune, une coque latérale 5 à la face inférieure 7 du corps 1 ;
  • - deux ailerons sensiblement horizontaux 9, qui relient l'un, l'une des coques latérales 5, l'autre, l'autre coque latérale 5 à la coque centrale 3.
The vessel represented is a surface vessel, of the type comprising three floats, known as a “trimaran”. It is made up of:
  • - a fully emerged body 1, comprising a deck 2 and housing the useful volume of the ship (transport holds, cabins, various premises);
  • - A central front hull 3, which is oblong, has a vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry S, and is fully submerged below the surface of the water 4;
  • - Two side shells 5, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry S, behind the central shell 3, are identical, and fully submerged;
  • - A leg 6, which extends vertically, substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry S and connects the central shell 3 to the underside 7 of the emerged body 1;
  • - Two legs 8, which extend vertically, substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry S and which each connect a lateral shell 5 to the underside 7 of the body 1;
  • - two substantially horizontal fins 9, which connect one, one of the side shells 5, the other, the other side shell 5 to the central shell 3.

Les particularités suivantes sont observées:

  • - l'ensemble d'une coque et de la jambe correspondante (coque centrale 3 et jambe 5, chaque coque latérale 5 et sa jambe 8) constitue un flotteur semi-submersible;
  • - chaque flotteur semi-submersible a une flottabilité positive, l'ensemble des trois flotteurs semi-submersibles procurant au navire sa flottabilité;
  • - les coques 3, 5 et leurs jambes 6, 8 peuvent être constituées de réservoirs, de water-ballasts mais peuvent également être constituées de compartiments contenant les installations du navire; ainsi, trois moteurs type «Diesel», un principal, deux de plus faible puissance, peuvent être installés dans la coque centrale 3 et dans les coques latérales 5, et entraîner des hélices propulsives; de même, les jambes creuses 6, 8 sont aptes à rendre possible le passage des nombreuses liaisons (câbles électriques, tuyauteries, accès) reliant les coques 3, 5 au pont 2;
  • - les plans verticaux transversaux qui passent par les extrémités des courbes des aires immergées des sections transversales verticales des flotteurs se- mi-submersibles 3-6 et 5-8 sont repérés:
    • V 3 AR: plan passant à l'extrémité arrière de la courbe des aires du flotteur semi-submersible 3-6,
    • V 3 AV: plan passant à l'extrémité avant de la courbe des aires du flotteur semi-submersible 3-6,
    • V 5 AR: plan passant par les extrémités arrière de la courbe des aires des flotteurs semi-submersibles 5-8,
    • V 5 AV: plan passant par les extrémités avant de la courbe des aires des flotteurs semi-submersibles 5-8,

    et on note qu'est réalisé un recouvrement dans le sens longitudinal, parallèlement au plan S, des positions relatives du flotteur semi-submersible central 3-6 et des flotteurs semi-submersibles latéraux 5-8, le plan V 5 AV étant disposé en avant du plan V 3 AR.
The following features are observed:
  • - The assembly of a hull and the corresponding leg (central hull 3 and leg 5, each lateral hull 5 and its leg 8) constitutes a semi-submersible float;
  • - each semi-submersible float has positive buoyancy, all three semi-submersible floats providing the ship with its buoyancy;
  • - the hulls 3, 5 and their legs 6, 8 may consist of tanks, water-ballasts but may also consist of compartments containing the ship's installations; thus, three “Diesel” type engines, one main, two of lower power, can be installed in the central hull 3 and in the side hulls 5, and drive propelling propellers; similarly, the hollow legs 6, 8 are capable of making possible the passage of the numerous connections (electric cables, pipes, access) connecting the hulls 3, 5 to the deck 2;
  • - the vertical transverse planes which pass through the ends of the curves of the submerged areas of the vertical cross sections of the semi-submersible floats 3-6 and 5-8 are identified:
    • V 3 AR: plane passing at the rear end of the curve of the areas of the semi-submersible float 3-6,
    • V 3 AV: plane passing at the front end of the curve of the areas of the semi-submersible float 3-6,
    • V 5 AR: plane passing through the rear ends of the curve of the areas of semi-submersible floats 5-8,
    • V 5 AV: plane passing through the front ends of the curve of the areas of semi-submersible floats 5-8,

    and it is noted that an overlap is made in the longitudinal direction, parallel to the plane S, of the relative positions of the central semi-submersible float 3-6 and of the lateral semi-submersible floats 5-8, the plane V 5 AV being arranged in before plan V 3 AR.

Les figures 4 à 8 représentent les courbes des aires selon plusieurs réalisations distinctes et correspondant, pour chaque réalisation:

  • - la courbe A 5 à l'ensemble des deux flotteurs semi-submersibles 5-8,
  • - la courbe A 3 au flotteur semi-submersible 3-6, et
  • - la courbe A 1 à l'ensemble des trois flotteurs semi-submersibles, c'est-à-dire au navire lui- même.
Figures 4 to 8 represent the curves of the areas according to several distinct and corresponding embodiments, for each embodiment:
  • - curve A 5 to the set of two semi-submersible floats 5-8,
  • - curve A 3 with a semi-submersible float 3-6, and
  • - the curve A 1 to all three semi-submersible floats, that is to say to the ship itself.

Du fait du recouvrement précité, les courbes A 3 et A 5 ont un point d'intersection 1 contenu dans un plan vertical transversal VI, situé entre les plans V 3 AR et V 5 AV. Sont encore représentées:

  • - la valeur AI de l'aire de la section transversale du navire (courbe A1 ) située dans le plan VI,
  • - les valeurs maximales AM3 et AM5 des courbes A3 et A5,
  • - la valeur maximale AM1 de la courbe A1.
Due to the above-mentioned overlap, the curves A 3 and A 5 have a point of intersection 1 contained in a transverse vertical plane VI, located between the planes V 3 AR and V 5 AV. The following are also represented:
  • - the AI value of the cross-sectional area of the ship (curve A1) located in plane VI,
  • - the maximum values AM3 and AM5 of the curves A3 and A5,
  • - the maximum value AM1 of the curve A1.

Dans la réalisation correspondant à la figure 4, AI est sensiblement égal à AM3 et AM5. AM1 est donc égal, sensiblement, à l'une quelconque de ces trois valeurs. La courbe A1 est plate entre les plans V 3 AR et V 5 AV. Ceci est très favorable à l'obtention d'une faible résistance de vagues pour les vitesses correspondant à un nombre de Froude de 0,4 à 0,6 environ (courbe A1 «équilibrée» entre l'avant et l'arrière du navire et exempte de creux ou de pic accentué, notamment dans la zone du plan VI). En outre, le volume des deux flotteurs semi-submersibles latéraux 5-8 d'une part, et le volume du flotteur semi-submersible central 3-6 d'autre part, sont sensiblement égaux (surfaces des courbes des aires A3 et A5 sensiblement égales) ce qui permet, dans la disposition trimaran adoptée, de minimiser encore plus la résistance de vague.In the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 4, AI is substantially equal to AM3 and AM5. AM1 is therefore substantially equal to any one of these three values. The curve A1 is flat between the planes V 3 AR and V 5 AV. This is very favorable for obtaining a low wave resistance for the speeds corresponding to a Froude number of about 0.4 to 0.6 (curve A1 “balanced” between the front and the rear of the ship and free of accentuated hollows or peaks, especially in the area of plane VI). In addition, the volume of the two lateral semi-submersible floats 5-8 on the one hand, and the volume of the central semi-submersible float 3-6 on the other hand, are substantially equal (surfaces of the curves of the areas A3 and A5 substantially equal) which allows, in the trimaran arrangement adopted, to further minimize the wave resistance.

Si la solution de la réalisation de la figure 4 peut apparaître de ces points de vue comme une solution idéale, il reste cependant évident que d'autres solutions, peut-être moins bonnes, sont également satisfaisantes.If the solution of the realization of figure 4 can appear from these points of view as a solu However, it remains obvious that other solutions, which may be less good, are also satisfactory.

Ainsi dans la réalisation de la figure 5, AM1 = AM5; AM3 est légèrement inférieur à AM5 et AI/AM1 = 0,45. Les volumes des flotteurs semi-submersibles latéraux 5-8 et central 3-6 sont sen- siblementégaux. Il s'agit là d'une réalisation limite, adaptée aux grandes vitesses (Fn > 0,6), AI/AM1 devant être choisi en principe supérieur à 0,45 pour permettre la réduction maximale de la résistance de vagues.Thus in the embodiment of FIG. 5, AM1 = AM5; AM3 is slightly lower than AM5 and AI / AM1 = 0.45. The volumes of the lateral 5-8 and central 3-6 semi-submersible floats are substantially equal. This is a limit realization, suitable for high speeds (Fn> 0.6), AI / AM1 having to be chosen in principle greater than 0.45 to allow the maximum reduction in wave resistance.

La réalisation de la figure 6 est caractérisée par un fort déséquilibre des volumes des flotteurs se- mi-submersibles latéraux 5-8 d'une part, du flotteur semi-submersible central 3-6 d'autre part: le rapport de ces volumes est égal à 0,3. Là aussi, il s'agitd'une limite inférieure en dessous de laquelle il convient de ne pas descendre. Par ailleurs AI/AM1 est sensiblement égal à 1, ce qui estsatis- faisant.The embodiment of FIG. 6 is characterized by a strong imbalance in the volumes of the lateral semi-submersible floats 5-8 on the one hand, of the central semi-submersible float 3-6 on the other hand: the ratio of these volumes is equal to 0.3. Again, this is a lower limit below which you should not go down. Furthermore AI / AM1 is substantially equal to 1, which is satisfactory.

La figure 7 représente une réalisation dans laquelle le volume des flotteurs semi-submersibles latéraux (et arrière) 5-8 est égal à 1,7 fois celui du flotteur semi-submersible central (et avant) 3-6. Cette réalisation constitue la limite supérieure à ne pas dépasser. Par ailleurs, AI est sensiblement égal à AM1. La courbe A1 est relativement plate entre les sommets des courbes A3 et A5, d'où l'obtention d'une résistance de vagues relativement faible pour les vitesses correspondantes à Fn = 0,4 à 0,6.FIG. 7 represents an embodiment in which the volume of the lateral (and rear) semi-submersible floats 5-8 is equal to 1.7 times that of the central (and front) semi-submersible float 3-6. This achievement constitutes the upper limit not to be exceeded. Furthermore, AI is substantially equal to AM1. The curve A1 is relatively flat between the vertices of the curves A3 and A5, from which a relatively low wave resistance is obtained for the speeds corresponding to Fn = 0.4 to 0.6.

La figure 8 représente une réalisation dans laquelle la courbe des aires A1 du navire a une forte dissymétrie. Le coefficient de dissymétrie DIS du navire est égal à 0,3, ce qui constitue la limite supérieure en dessous de laquelle il est préférable de rester. Les flotteurs semi-submersibles latéraux (et arrière) 5-8 sont ventrus par rapport au flotteur submersible central, avant 3-6.FIG. 8 represents an embodiment in which the curve of the areas A1 of the ship has a high asymmetry. The ship's dissymmetry coefficient DIS is 0.3, which is the upper limit below which it is best to stay. The lateral (and rear) semi-submersible floats 5-8 are belly relative to the central submersible float, front 3-6.

Pour le navire représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 (flotteurs semi-submersibles 3-6 et 5-8 en traits continus de la figure 1), le coefficient d'allongement desdits flotteurs est environ égal à 7. Pour obtenir un compromis entre la résistance de vague et la résistance de frottement minimisant la résistance à l'avance totale, il convient de choisir les formes pour que le coefficient d'allongement soit compris entre 5 et 10.For the vessel shown in Figures 1 to 3 (semi-submersible floats 3-6 and 5-8 in solid lines in Figure 1), the coefficient of elongation of said floats is approximately equal to 7. To obtain a compromise between the wave resistance and friction resistance minimizing the total advance resistance, the shapes should be chosen so that the elongation coefficient is between 5 and 10.

Enfin, pour tirer de cette technique des flotteurs semi-submersibfes le maximum d'avantages, il convient, d'une part d'immerger les flotteurs 3-6; 5-8 à des profondeurs suffisantes pour diminuer les mouvements du navire et diminuer la résistance de vague, d'autre part de limiter l'immersion desdits flotteurs à des profondeurs rendant la construction du navire exempte de problèmes importants de structures et conservant la surface mouillée à une valeur raisonnable. C'est la raison pour laquelle le rapport TcL/Deq de la profondeur d'immersion du maximum de la courbe des aires des sections horizontales par le diamètre équivalent est compris, pour chaque flotteur semi-submersible, entre 0,6 et 1,4, ce qui correspond aux dessins en traits interrompus de la figure 1 : le dessin des flotteurs les plus proches de la surface de l'eau correspondant à TcL/Deq = 0,6 et celui le plus éloigné de la surface de l'eau correspondant à TcL/Deq = 1,4.Finally, to get the maximum benefit from this technique of semi-submersible floats, it is advisable, on the one hand, to immerse the floats 3-6; 5-8 at depths sufficient to decrease the movements of the vessel and decrease the wave resistance, on the other hand to limit the immersion of said floats to depths making the construction of the vessel free from significant structural problems and retaining the wet surface at a reasonable value. This is the reason why the ratio TcL / Deq of the immersion depth of the maximum of the curve of the areas of the horizontal sections by the equivalent diameter is included, for each semi-submersible float, between 0.6 and 1.4 , which corresponds to the broken line drawings in FIG. 1: the drawing of the floats closest to the surface of the water corresponding to TcL / Deq = 0.6 and the one furthest from the surface of the corresponding water at TcL / Deq = 1.4.

La définition du navire qui vient d'être réalisée confère à ce navire des qualités bien entendu propres à tous les navires semi-submersibles, mais en outre une optimisation nouvelle de sa résistance à l'avancement. Pour la première fois, un navire se- mi-submersible possède un rendement sensiblement équivalent à celui d'un navire de surface classique de même tonnage, ce qui rend cette technique viable.The definition of the vessel which has just been produced confers on this vessel qualities of course specific to all semi-submersible vessels, but also a new optimization of its resistance to advancement. For the first time, a semi-submersible vessel has a performance roughly equivalent to that of a conventional surface vessel of the same tonnage, which makes this technique viable.

En comparaison avec des navires semi-submersibles du type catamaran, la résistance de vagues est notablement inférieure car d'une part, l'allongement des trois flotteurs semi-submersibles peut être plus favorable que celui des deux flotteurs se- mi-submersibles d'un catamaran, d'autre part, le choix du recouvrement longitudinal des courbes des aires A3 et A5 permet d'éviter des interférences fâcheuses entre les écoulements le long du flotteur semi-submersible central 3-6 et des flotteurs semi-submersibles latéraux 5-8 et, là encore, de réduire la résistance de vagues. Le choix même de la courbe des aires A1, de préférence la plus plate entre les deux sommets des courbes des aires A3 et A5 et au voisinage du point 1 est, sur ce point, gage d'une réduction importante de la résistance à l'avancement.In comparison with semi-submersible vessels of the catamaran type, the wave resistance is notably lower because on the one hand, the elongation of the three semi-submersible floats may be more favorable than that of the two semi-submersible floats of a catamaran, on the other hand, the choice of the longitudinal overlap of the curves of the areas A3 and A5 makes it possible to avoid annoying interference between the flows along the central semi-submersible float 3-6 and lateral semi-submersible floats 5- 8 and, again, reduce the wave resistance. The very choice of the curve of the areas A1, preferably the flattest between the two vertices of the curves of the areas A3 and A5 and in the vicinity of point 1 is, on this point, a guarantee of a significant reduction in the resistance to advancement.

Il doit également être noté que la structure préconisée est particulièrement robuste. On sait que lescatamarans, par exemple, ont des structures généralement fragiles, eu égard aux contraintes très importantes qui s'y développent. La nouvelle structure type «trimaran» qui est proposée ne présente pas cette fragilité connue antérieurement car d'une part le navire est globalement en appui sur 3 points au lieu de 4 pour les catamarans, d'autre part les ailerons 9 ferment la structure formée par les jambes 6 et 8 et les coques 3 et 5. Ainsi, les efforts dans la zone du rattachement des jambes 6 et 8 au corps 1 sont très inférieurs à ceux existant dans les zones équivalentes de raccordement des flotteurs d'un catamaran semi-submersible au point central dudit catamaran.It should also be noted that the recommended structure is particularly robust. We know that catamarans, for example, have generally fragile structures, given the very significant constraints that develop there. The new structure type "trimaran" which is proposed does not have this previously known fragility because on the one hand the ship is generally supported on 3 points instead of 4 for catamarans, on the other hand the fins 9 close the structure formed by the legs 6 and 8 and the hulls 3 and 5. Thus, the forces in the area of attachment of the legs 6 and 8 to the body 1 are much lower than those existing in the equivalent areas of connection of the floats of a semi-catamaran submersible at the center point of said catamaran.

AnnexeAnnex

Cette annexe a principalement pour but de préciser les définitions adoptées de quelques termes utilisés.The main purpose of this annex is to clarify the definitions adopted for some of the terms used.

Courbe des aires d'un navireVessel area curve

La partie immergée de la carène d'un navire est usuellement définie par les valeurs de ses sections transversales verticales successives entre les verticales passant par les points extrêmes immergés de la carène, dites PPAVet PPAR dans la direction de la longueur du navire. Le report, en ordonnée, des aires des sections transversales et en abscisse des distances desdites sections transversales à une origine de référence, permet d'établir la courbe des aires.The submerged part of the hull of a ship is usually defined by the values of its successive vertical cross-sections between the verticals passing through the submerged end points of the hull, called PPAV and PPAR in the direction of the length of the ship. The transfer, on the ordinate, of the areas of the cross sections and on the abscissa of the distances of said cross sections to a reference origin, makes it possible to establish the curve of the areas.

Volume d'un flotteur semi-submersibfeVolume of a semi-submersible float

Ce volume est égal à la surface délimitée sur le graphique représentant la courbe des aires des sections transversales verticales, par cette courbe des aires et l'axe des abscisses.This volume is equal to the area delimited on the graph representing the curve of the areas of the vertical cross sections, by this curve of the areas and the x-axis.

Flotteur semi-submersibleSemi-submersible float

Un corps immergé peut être défini, au moins partiellement, par des sections horizontales.An immersed body can be defined, at least partially, by horizontal sections.

On désigne par flotteur semi-submersible un tel corps doté d'une flottabilité positive, dont la courbe des aires de ses sections horizontales (ou lignes d'eau) présente un maximum sous la surface de l'eau à une profondeur TCL.The term semi-submersible float designates such a body with positive buoyancy, the curve of the areas of its horizontal sections (or water lines) having a maximum below the surface of the water at a depth TCL.

Dans un tel flotteur, la valeur de ce maximum est, de préférence, supérieure au double de la valeur de l'aire de la section horizontale à la flottaison.In such a float, the value of this maximum is preferably greater than twice the value of the area of the horizontal section at the waterline.

Ce maximum peut être réalisé pour diverses profondeurs des lignes d'eau. Dans ce cas, TCL désigne la moyenne arithmétique desdites profondeurs.This maximum can be achieved for various depths of water lines. In this case, TCL designates the arithmetic mean of said depths.

De manière banale, un flotteur semi-submersible est constitué par l'ensemble d'une coque totalement immergée et d'une jambe la reliant à au moins la surface de l'eau.Commonly, a semi-submersible float is made up of a whole totally submerged hull and a leg connecting it to at least the surface of the water.

Diamètre équivalentEquivalent diameter

Il est souvent difficile de distinguer la jambe de la coque totalement immergée à laquelle elle est reliée. Il est alors avantageux de faire référence au diamètre Deq d'un cercle dont la surface est égale à celle de la section transversale maximale du flotteur semi-submersible (ensemble jambe + coque totalement immergé).It is often difficult to distinguish the leg from the fully submerged shell to which it is connected. It is then advantageous to refer to the diameter Deq of a circle whose surface is equal to that of the maximum cross-section of the semi-submersible float (leg + hull fully submerged).

Allongement d'un flotteur semi-submersibleExtension of a semi-submersible float

L'allongement est le rapport de la longueur de la courbe des aires des sections transversa les verticales au diamètre équivalent de ce flotteur semi-submersible.The elongation is the ratio of the length of the curve of the areas of the vertical cross sections to the equivalent diameter of this semi-submersible float.

Coefficient de dissymétrieCoefficient of asymmetry

La courbe des aires des sections transversales verticales d'un flotteur s'étend le long de la longueur totale de ce flotteur, soit:

  • x, l'abscisse, repérant la position d'une section transversale verticale, mesurée à partir d'une origine 0 située à l'abscisse médiane de la courbe des aires. L'abscisse médiane de la courbe des aires est l'abscisse de la section transversale verticale qui sépare le navire en deux volumes égaux.
  • A(x), la valeur de l'aire de la section transversale verticale correspondant à l'abscisse x.
  • V, le volume total de la partie immergée du flotteur.
  • Xav, abscisse de l'extrémité avant de la courbe des aires.
  • Xar, abscisse de l'extrémité arrière de la courbe des aires.
  • Xmax, plus grande des deux valeurs Xav et Xar.
The curve of the areas of the vertical cross sections of a float extends along the total length of this float, that is:
  • x, the abscissa, locating the position of a vertical cross section, measured from an origin 0 located at the median abscissa of the curve of the areas. The median abscissa of the area curve is the abscissa of the vertical cross section which separates the ship into two equal volumes.
  • A (x), the value of the area of the vertical cross section corresponding to the abscissa x.
  • V, the total volume of the submerged part of the float.
  • Xav, abscissa of the front end of the area curve.
  • Xar, abscissa of the rear end of the area curve.
  • Xmax, larger of the two values Xav and Xar.

La dissymétrie longitudinale du flotteur correspond aux différences de valeurs des aires de sections transversales verticales correspondant à des abscisses x et (-x), symétriques par rapport à l'origine des abscisses.

Figure imgb0001
est une représentation de cette dissymétrie. Elle a les dimensions d'un volume et il est possible, et naturellement préférable, de la transformer pour obtenir un coefficient sans dimension. Il suffit, pour ce faire, de la diviser par le volume V du flotteur.
Figure imgb0002
le coefficient de dissymétrie DIS d'un flotteur est défini par l'égalité:
Figure imgb0003
 The longitudinal asymmetry of the float corresponds to the differences in values of the areas of vertical cross sections corresponding to abscissas x and (-x), symmetrical with respect to the origin of the abscissas.
Figure imgb0001
 is a representation of this asymmetry. It has the dimensions of a volume and it is possible, and naturally preferable, to transform it to obtain a dimensionless coefficient. To do this, simply divide it by the volume V of the float.
Figure imgb0002
 the dissymmetry coefficient DIS of a float is defined by the equality:
Figure imgb0003

Claims (6)

1. Boat equipped with three semi-submersible floats (3-6; 5-8) connected to a deck (1, 2) via strut members (6; 8), one central float (3-6) being provided at the fore part of the boat and two side floats (5-8) being positioned symmetrically with respecttothe longitudinal plane (S) of said central float, boat characterized in that
a) the ratio of the ordinate (Al) of the curve of the areas (A1) of the boat at the crossing point (I) of the curves of the areas (A5) of the side float, on the one hand, and of the areas (A3) of the central float, on the other hand, to the maximum ordinate (AM1) of said curve of the areas (A1) of the boat is at least equal to 0.45; and
b) the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the side floats combined, on the one hand, and of the volume of the central float, on the other hand, is between 0.3 and 1.7.
2. Boat according to claim 1, characterized in that for each float, the ratio of the depth of immersion of the maximum part of the curve of the areas of the horizontal sections (TcL), to the equivalent diameter (Deq) of said float is between 0.6 and 1.4.
3. Boat according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that its coefficient of asymmetry (DIS) is less than 0.3.
4. Boat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the extension of each float is between 5 and 10.
5. Boat according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one substantially horizontal aileron (9) connects each side float (5) to the central float (3).
6. Boat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the two side floats (5-8.) are, on the one hand, identical to, and, on the other hand, separate from the central float (3-6).
EP19850400603 1984-04-02 1985-03-28 Ship comprising three semi-submersible floats Expired EP0161953B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8405161 1984-04-02
FR8405161A FR2562026A1 (en) 1984-04-02 1984-04-02 SHIP COMPRISING THREE SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE FLOATS

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EP0161953A1 EP0161953A1 (en) 1985-11-21
EP0161953B1 true EP0161953B1 (en) 1987-06-03

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NO981678L (en) * 1997-04-21 1998-10-22 Marcelo Luis Dodero Boat with hull carried by submerged floats
ES2159451B1 (en) * 1998-04-17 2002-04-16 Antoune Ivan Lahuerta THE HYDROBUS.
FR2960206B1 (en) * 2010-05-19 2013-08-09 Architecture Et Conception De Sytemes Avances SHIP COMPRISING A SUPERSTRUCTURE WHOSE LOWER PART IS EQUIPPED WITH A HANDLE
CN104709435A (en) * 2015-03-01 2015-06-17 徐见金 Triple-hulled manual ventilating supercavitation ship type

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US1815286A (en) * 1930-05-16 1931-07-21 William R Blair Seagoing craft
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FR1414492A (en) * 1963-11-25 1965-10-15 Improvements to boats
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