EP0158091B1 - Room heating element consisting of a ceramic support provided with an electric resistance layer, and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Room heating element consisting of a ceramic support provided with an electric resistance layer, and method for its manufacture Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0158091B1
EP0158091B1 EP19850102230 EP85102230A EP0158091B1 EP 0158091 B1 EP0158091 B1 EP 0158091B1 EP 19850102230 EP19850102230 EP 19850102230 EP 85102230 A EP85102230 A EP 85102230A EP 0158091 B1 EP0158091 B1 EP 0158091B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
heating element
electrically
resistive
room heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850102230
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0158091A1 (en
Inventor
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Bard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH
Original Assignee
Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19843433667 external-priority patent/DE3433667A1/en
Application filed by Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH filed Critical Buchtal Keramische Betriebe GmbH
Priority to AT85102230T priority Critical patent/ATE41845T1/en
Publication of EP0158091A1 publication Critical patent/EP0158091A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0158091B1 publication Critical patent/EP0158091B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a space heating element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the elements used for space heating are in the form of finned radiators or surface radiators, generally located below window openings, so that the room air heated by them rises above the window openings and thus generates a warm air curtain in front of the window opening. Even when radiators are installed on walls, there is an air movement from the floor to the ceiling of the room heated with them, the heat radiated into the room by the radiator only playing a minor role.
  • Standard pure radiant heaters installed in rooms only have a locally very limited radiation area and work at high temperatures.
  • the prior art also includes underfloor heating systems in which heating coils acted upon by liquid heat transfer medium, but also electrical heating conductors, are accommodated in the screed or below the top floor covering.
  • Underfloor heating systems are comparatively cumbersome and expensive to build and require comparatively complex controls.
  • Ceramic moldings such as plates, which serve as floor or wall cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools serve.
  • Such ceramic moldings can also be shaped stones for swimming pool linings and the like. be.
  • This heating lacquer layer is covered by a polyurethane foam body.
  • this system could not prevail because local overheating occurred repeatedly with the resulting harmful extensions, which even put people and property at risk.
  • the state of the art also includes an electrical space heater which has a support with a large smooth surface and a flat, thin heating conductor which adheres directly to the surface.
  • the carrier consists of an earthenware or quartz plate. This plate is provided on its side facing away from the visible side with a firmly adhering thin areal metallic heating conductor coating formed by precipitation from a chemical solution or carries on this side a firmly adhering heating conductor coating consisting of a very thin aluminum layer.
  • a sheet-like electrical heating device is known with a flat support receiving a heating element, in which the heating element is in the form of a thin layer of electrically conductive material that is applied to a surface of the support.
  • the electrically conductive material consists entirely or partially of semiconductor material, no success can be achieved because the layers of such material cannot be reproducibly produced with respect to their electrical resistance.
  • the heaters therefore have different heating powers from piece to piece.
  • a heat conductor layer which is covered on the outside by a protective plastic layer and which is formed from graphite particles dispersed in a solvent, is provided on a carrier layer made of ceramic material. Since the carbon dispersion shows a negative temperature dependence, compensation particles made of metal or metal oxide are built into the heating conductor layer, which have a positive temperature dependence. This compensation is intended to achieve a uniform specific resistance of the heating conductor layer. Uniform heating conditions cannot, however, be achieved if, as a result of the roughness inherent in a ceramic molded body, varying layer thicknesses result over the surface of the ceramic molded body.
  • heating elements are also known (FR-A-2 211 832) in which one is on the visible side of a ceramic support Resistance coating with metallic particles embedded therein is applied.
  • FR-A-2 490 056 on the visible side of a carrier layer made of ceramic material, a resistance coating is applied, which is formed from several zones with different conductive particles.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a space heating element that not only delivers a high heat yield with low electrical power consumption, can be used as a design space limiting element and can be installed in such a way that it does not lead to the formation of channels through which air currents circulate heating space are forced, but is also reproducible, ie has the desired heating output from piece to piece.
  • the non-metallic, large specific surface area, electrically conductive particles which do not significantly change their electrical conductivity when the temperature increases are preferably those made of graphite and carbon black or mixtures thereof.
  • the heating elements are exactly reproducible in terms of their heating output, they can be manufactured in specified heating output classes. This enables any desired division of the heat radiation from the clad surface.
  • the heating output is practically not interrupted. At most, there is a slight local reduction in the heating output, but not a complete interruption of the same. In addition, there is no local overheating.
  • the electrical resistance coating can consist of a layer of an age-resistant synthetic resin with an electrically conductive admixture, such as. B. a pure graphite admixture and of such a structure that the layer has a necessary resistance value according to the required electrical power.
  • the resistance value can be set to values from a few Q to several k Q by changing the percentage of the electrically conductive admixture of the resistance coating and / or changing the layer thickness.
  • the layer thickness is usually between 10 and 50 p.
  • the electrical power consumption is, for example, approximately 100 W, with a 60 x 60 cm plate, approximately 30 W.
  • age-resistant means resistance to continuous use up to approximately 100 ° C.
  • the electrical resistance coating consists of an electrical resistance film which has a polyester cover layer, a conductive intermediate layer provided with inlets and outlets, e.g. B. has a graphite and / or carbon black layer as a resistance layer and a polyester underlayer.
  • Such resistance foils are known per se.
  • the supply and discharge lines to the resistance layer are generally in the form of copper strips.
  • the problem of using such resistance foils in connection with the solution of the object on which the invention is based is that polyester layers adhere only poorly to the resistance layer, so that a ceramic molded body provided with such a resistance foil on the side facing away from the visible side also when using a e.g. B.
  • polyester as a material for the top and bottom layers is recommended because polyester is very resistant to aging.
  • the resistance layer is divided in terms of area while leaving areas not covered by it, the link surfaces are electrically connected to one another and in the areas not covered by the resistance layer are provided with local openings in the resistance foil.
  • the electrical resistance coating in the form of a resistance glaze.
  • This glaze is applied to the already fired shaped body and fixed by firing the shaped body again.
  • the glaze must have a melting point that does not exceed 750 ° C. Glazes with a higher melting point have proven unsuitable.
  • Another possibility is to form the adhesive itself with which the ceramic molded body is to be fixed on the substrate, as an electrical resistance. It is possible to use two different types of adhesive, the adhesive adjacent to the molded body being made of electrical resistance material, while the adhesive to be placed on the substrate is an electrically insulating adhesive.
  • the adhesives have essentially the same thermal expansion properties and chemical compatibility, so that a particularly simple fastening of the ceramic electrical resistance molded body is possible in this way.
  • a material can be selected as the material for the electrically conductive resistance layer which, when subjected to electrical current, has a temperature response such that the current consumption of the material decreases sharply with increasing heating.
  • the electrical resistance coating is expediently contacted by contacting elements which are arranged symmetrically on the electrical resistance layer.
  • the contacting elements can be provided in the form of contacting strips along two edges of the plate that face away from one another. If the plate is a ceramic plate that has a relief on its back, the contacting elements are expediently placed in the channels on the edges facing away from one another between the webs delimiting them.
  • a further development of the invention makes it possible to subsequently fine-tune the resistance values of electrical resistance layers in such space heating elements to desired values.
  • this is done by reducing the layer thickness of the resistance layer or heating the resistance layer in order to increase the resistance value.
  • the procedure is expediently such that the layer thickness of the resistance layer is reduced by sandblasting, electroerosion, brushing or the like, or the resistance layer is heated from the outside, for example by flaming or irradiation.
  • the resistance layer is heated from the outside, for example by flaming or irradiation.
  • Fig. 1 generally represents a space heating element, here in the form of a plate, with an electrical resistance layer on its back 2. With 3 and 4 contacting elements are designated, which are glued to the electrical resistance layer or on it in are otherwise attached. 5 and 6 mean the power supply lines.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a room heating element, which is in the form of a plate with a relief 21 in relief.
  • This back 21 has webs 22 or grooves 23.
  • an electrically conductive adhesive 24 is applied on the back of this plate, d. H. on the side on which the webs and grooves are located, for example, an electrically conductive adhesive 24 is applied.
  • a conductor 27 is provided in a groove 26 adjacent to the edge 25 of the plate.
  • the adhesive 24 is an electrical resistance adhesive, i. H. a material that is conductive but is so poorly conductive that the electrical energy introduced into it is converted into thermal energy.
  • 31 generally denotes a space heating element which, as shown in FIG. 4, has a plate 41, an adhesive layer 42 and a resistance film 43.
  • the resistance film consists of a polyester cover layer 46 connected via the adhesive layer 42 to the side 45 facing away from the visible side 44 of the plate 41, each of which has supply and discharge lines in the form of copper strips 32 to 37 with current supply lines 38 (FIG. 3).
  • the resistance film 43 contains three tracks 43a, 43b, 43c made of resistance layer material, but of course it can also be structured more strongly.
  • Areas 51 and 52 are located between the tracks 43a and 43b or 43b and 43c.
  • the web 43a borders on the area 51 via the conduction band 36.
  • the web 43c borders on the area 52 via the conduction band 33, while the web 43b adjoins the areas 51 and 52 on both sides via conduction bands 34 and 35.
  • openings 53 through which the adhesive extends from the layer and is connected to the adhesive from the layer 50 on the supporting surface 49.
  • the individual conduits can be interconnected in any way. Instead of a single plate 31, three partial plates respectively assigned to the webs 43a, 43b and 43c can also occur.
  • the conductive intermediate layer or resistance layer in a training in which it is divided in terms of area while leaving areas not covered by it can be, for. B. a meandering arrangement of the resistance layer or a breakdown of the same into several flat, but electrically interconnected or subsequently to be connected sub-layers in the form of strips, flat pieces or the like. The selection of the appropriate pattern depends on the local conditions and / or the technical requirements.
  • a ceramic plate is indicated at 91, on which a resistance layer 92 is applied.
  • the application thickness of this resistance coating 92 is determined by means of a suitable measure, e.g. B. sandblasting, electroerosion, brushing od. Dgi. Reduced in thickness, in the illustrated embodiment using a z. B. rotating brush 93, so that the application thickness to the target thickness, as indicated in the area 94, decreases. This also reduces the conductivity of this layer, i. H. the surface resistance increases. In this way, it is possible to fine-tune the resistance value of layer 92.
  • a suitable measure e.g. B. sandblasting, electroerosion, brushing od.
  • Dgi. Reduced in thickness in the illustrated embodiment using a z. B. rotating brush 93, so that the application thickness to the target thickness, as indicated in the area 94, decreases. This also reduces the conductivity of this layer, i. H. the surface resistance increases. In

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Raumheizelement gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a space heating element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der Raumbeheizung dienende Elemente sind in Form von Rippen- oder Flächenradiatoren im allgemeinen unterhalb von Fensteröffnungen angebracht, damit die von ihnen erwärmte Raumluft über die Fensteröffnungen hochsteigt und so einen Warmluftvorhang vor der Fensteröffnung erzeugt. Auch bei an Wänden aufgestellten Heizkörpern entsteht eine Luftbewegung vom Boden zur Decke des mit ihnen beheizten Raumes, wobei die vom Heizkörper in den Raum abgestrahlte Wärme nur eine geringe Rolle spielt.The elements used for space heating are in the form of finned radiators or surface radiators, generally located below window openings, so that the room air heated by them rises above the window openings and thus generates a warm air curtain in front of the window opening. Even when radiators are installed on walls, there is an air movement from the floor to the ceiling of the room heated with them, the heat radiated into the room by the radiator only playing a minor role.

In Räumen angebrachte übliche reine Strahlungsheizkörper besitzen nur einen örtlich sehr begrenzten Strahlungsbereich und arbeiten mit hohne Temperaturen.Standard pure radiant heaters installed in rooms only have a locally very limited radiation area and work at high temperatures.

Zum Stande der Technik gehören ferner Fußbodenheizungen, bei denen im Estrich oder unterhalb des obersten Bodenbelages mit flüssigem Wärmeträger beaufschlagte Heizschlangen, aber auch elektrische Heizleiter untergebracht sind. Fußbodenheizungen sind im Aufbau jedoch vergleichsweise umständlich und teuer und bedürfen einer vergleichsweise aufwendigen Steuerung.The prior art also includes underfloor heating systems in which heating coils acted upon by liquid heat transfer medium, but also electrical heating conductors, are accommodated in the screed or below the top floor covering. Underfloor heating systems are comparatively cumbersome and expensive to build and require comparatively complex controls.

Es besteht also ein Bedürfnis, Gestaltungelemente der Raumumgrenzung selbst so auszubilden, daß sie einzeln, in Gruppen oder als die gesamte Raumumgrenzung bzw. eines wesentlichen Teiles davon die Aufgabe der Beheizung des Raumes oder eines zu erwärmenden bzw. warmzuhaltenden Teiles der Raumumgrenzung übernehmen können.There is therefore a need to design design elements of the space boundary itself so that they can take over the task of heating the space or a part of the space boundary to be heated or kept warm individually, in groups or as the entire space boundary or a substantial part thereof.

Als Beispiele für solche Gestaltungslelemente von Raumumgrenzungen seien keramische Formkörper, wie Platten genannt, die als Fußboden- oder Wandverkleidungsplatten für die Gestaltung der Wände oder des Fußbodens bzw. der Decke von Wohn-, Geschäfts- und Büroräumen, aber auch von Sanitärräumen, Sport- und Schwimmhallen dienen. Solche keramischen Formkörper können aber auch Formsteine für Schwimmbeckenauskleidungen u.ä. sein.Examples of such design elements of space boundaries are ceramic moldings, such as plates, which serve as floor or wall cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and Swimming pools serve. Such ceramic moldings can also be shaped stones for swimming pool linings and the like. be.

Aus einem Prospekt, herausgegeben von der Firma Canespa KG, 3005 Hemmingen-Westerfeld, Gutenbergstraße 13, im Jahre 1975, läßt sich bereits ein drahtloses Heizsystem "Canespa-Therm" entnehmen, bei dem auf der Rückseite von Formkörpern und zwar von keramischen Platten, eine Heizlackschicht als elektrische Widerstandsbeschichtung aufgebracht ist.From a brochure, published by Canespa KG, 3005 Hemmingen-Westerfeld, Gutenbergstrasse 13, in 1975, a wireless heating system "Canespa-Therm" can already be seen, in which one on the back of molded articles, namely ceramic plates Heating lacquer layer is applied as an electrical resistance coating.

Diese Heizlackschicht ist durch einen Polyurethanschaumkörper abgedeckt. Dieses System konnte sich jedoch nicht durchsetzen, da es immer wieder zu örtlichen Überhitzungen mit daraus resultierenden schädlichen Weiterungen kam, die sogar zur Gefährdung von Personen und Sachen führten.This heating lacquer layer is covered by a polyurethane foam body. However, this system could not prevail because local overheating occurred repeatedly with the resulting harmful extensions, which even put people and property at risk.

Zum Stande der Technik gehört nach der DE-A-1 440 971 ferner ein elektrisches Raumheizgerät, das einen Träger mit einer großen glatten Oberfläche und einen auf der Oberfläche unmittelbar anhaftenden flächenhaften dünnen Heizleiter aufweist. Der Träger besteht dabei aus einer Steingut- oder Quartzgutplatte. Diese Platte ist auf ihrer der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite mit einem durch Niederschlag aus einer chemischen Lösung gebildeten, festhaftenden dünnen flächenhaften metallischen Heizleiterüberzug versehen oder trägt auf dieser Seite einen festhaftenden, aus einer sehr dünnen Aluminiumschicht bestehenden Heizleiterüberzug.According to DE-A-1 440 971, the state of the art also includes an electrical space heater which has a support with a large smooth surface and a flat, thin heating conductor which adheres directly to the surface. The carrier consists of an earthenware or quartz plate. This plate is provided on its side facing away from the visible side with a firmly adhering thin areal metallic heating conductor coating formed by precipitation from a chemical solution or carries on this side a firmly adhering heating conductor coating consisting of a very thin aluminum layer.

Bei einem solchen Raumheizgerät ist es erforderlich, Abstandshalter zwischen Platte und es aufnehmender Trägerfläche vorzusehen, wodurch wiederum ein Zugkanal für die Raumluft hinter dem Raumheizgerät mit allen bereits bei anderen Raumheizgeräten beachteten und vorstehend geschilderten Nachteilen entsteht. Außerdem weisen die verwendeten metallischen Widerstandsschichten einen vergleichsweise niedrigen Widerstandswert auf und erfordern zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden Wärneausbeute eine hohe elektrische Leistung.In such a space heater, it is necessary to provide spacers between the plate and the support surface receiving it, which in turn creates a draft channel for the room air behind the space heater with all the disadvantages already noted in other space heaters and described above. In addition, the metallic resistance layers used have a comparatively low resistance value and require high electrical power in order to achieve a sufficient heat yield.

Aus der DE-A-1 924 202 und der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A-3 325 204 ist eine flächenförmige elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit einem ein Heizelement aufnehmenden flächigen Träger bekannt, bei der das Heizelement die Form einer dünnen Schicht aus elektrisch leitendem Material aufweist, daß auf eine Oberfläche des Trägers aufgetragen ist. Selbst wenn, wie in der DE-A-3 325 204 beschrieben, das elektrisch leitende Material ganz oder teilweise aus Halbleitermaterial besteht, läßt sich damit kein Erfolg erzeilen, weil sich aus derartigem Material die Schichten hinsichtlich ihres elektrischen Widerstandes nicht reproduzierbar herstellen lassen. Die Heizvorrichtungen weisen also von Stück zu Stück unterschiedliche Heizleistungen auf.From DE-A-1 924 202 and the unpublished DE-A-3 325 204 a sheet-like electrical heating device is known with a flat support receiving a heating element, in which the heating element is in the form of a thin layer of electrically conductive material that is applied to a surface of the support. Even if, as described in DE-A-3 325 204, the electrically conductive material consists entirely or partially of semiconductor material, no success can be achieved because the layers of such material cannot be reproducibly produced with respect to their electrical resistance. The heaters therefore have different heating powers from piece to piece.

Bei einem bekannten Heizelement (DE-A-2 535 622) ist auf einer Trägerschicht aus keramischem Material eine nach außen hin durch eine Kunststoffschutzschicht abgedeckte Heizleiterschicht vorgesehen, welche aus in einem Lösungsmittel dispergierten Graphitpartikeln gebildet ist. Da die Kohlenstoffdispersion eine negative Temperaturabhängigkeit zeigt, sind Kompensationspartikel aus Metall oder Metalloxid in die Heizleiterschicht eingebaut, welche eine positive Temperaturabhängigkeit besitzen. Durch diese Kompensation soll ein gleichmäßiger spezifischer Widerstand der Heizleiterschicht erreicht werden. Gleichmäßige Heizbedingungen lassen sich aber demit dann nicht erreichen, wenn infolge der einem keramischen Formkörper immanenten Rauhigkeit sich variierende Schichtdicken über die Fläche des keramischen Formkdrpers ergeben.In a known heating element (DE-A-2 535 622), a heat conductor layer, which is covered on the outside by a protective plastic layer and which is formed from graphite particles dispersed in a solvent, is provided on a carrier layer made of ceramic material. Since the carbon dispersion shows a negative temperature dependence, compensation particles made of metal or metal oxide are built into the heating conductor layer, which have a positive temperature dependence. This compensation is intended to achieve a uniform specific resistance of the heating conductor layer. Uniform heating conditions cannot, however, be achieved if, as a result of the roughness inherent in a ceramic molded body, varying layer thicknesses result over the surface of the ceramic molded body.

Schließlich sind noch Heizelemente bekannt (FR-A-2 211 832) bei denen auf der Sichtseite eines keramischen Trägers eine Widerstandsbeschichtung mit darin eingebetteten metallischen Teilchen aufgebracht ist. Auch bei einem weiteren bekannten Heizelement (FR-A-2 490 056) ist auf der Sichtseite einer Trägerschicht aus keramischem Material eine Widerstandsbeschichtung aufgebracht, die aus mehreren Zonen mit unterschiedlichen leitenden Partikeln gebildet ist.Finally, heating elements are also known (FR-A-2 211 832) in which one is on the visible side of a ceramic support Resistance coating with metallic particles embedded therein is applied. In another known heating element (FR-A-2 490 056), on the visible side of a carrier layer made of ceramic material, a resistance coating is applied, which is formed from several zones with different conductive particles.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Raumheizelement zu schaffen, das nicht nur bei geringer elektrischer Leistungsaufnahme eine hohe Wärmeausbeute liefert, als gestaltendes Raumbegrenzungselement verwendbar ist und so eingebaut werden kann, daß es nicht zur Ausbildung von Kanälen kommt, durch die Luftströme zur Zirkulation im zu beheizenden Raum gezwungen werden, sondern auch beliebig reproduzierbar ist, d.h. von Stück zu Stück die gewünschte Heizleistung aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a space heating element that not only delivers a high heat yield with low electrical power consumption, can be used as a design space limiting element and can be installed in such a way that it does not lead to the formation of channels through which air currents circulate heating space are forced, but is also reproducible, ie has the desired heating output from piece to piece.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Raumheizelement mit den Merkmalen nach dem Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Durch das vorliegende Patent wird nicht der durch das Patent entsprechend Anmeldenr. 85102 232 abgedeckte Überschuß betreffend die flächenmäßige Erstreckung und das Verhältnis von Dicke zur flächenmäßigen Erstreckung beansprucht.This object is achieved by a space heating element with the features of claim 1. The present patent does not replace the patent no. 85102 232 covered excess claimed in terms of area and the ratio of thickness to area.

Bei den nichtmetallischen, große spezifische Oberfläche aufweisenden, elektrisch leitenden bei Temperaturerhöhung ihre elektrische Leitfähigkeit nicht wesentlich ändernden Partikeln handelt es sich vorzugsweise um solche aus Graphit und Ruß oder Mischungen daraus.The non-metallic, large specific surface area, electrically conductive particles which do not significantly change their electrical conductivity when the temperature increases are preferably those made of graphite and carbon black or mixtures thereof.

Mit dem Vorschlag nach der Erfindung ist es möglich, ein Raumheizelement in Form eines Strahlungsheizelementes zu schaffen, mit dem man durch beliebige Vervielfachung beispielsweise eine gesamte Wand-, Decken-oder Fußbodenfläche mit gleichmäßiger Wärmeabstrahlung oder Wärmeabstrahlung in gewünschter Gliederung abdecken kann. Es kommt zu keiner Umwälzung der Raumluft und es läßt sich ein gleichmäßiges Wohlbefinden im Raum mit wesentlich niedrigerer Raumtemperatur erzielen, was zu einer erheblichen Energieeinsparung führt.With the proposal according to the invention, it is possible to create a space heating element in the form of a radiant heating element, with which one can cover, for example, an entire wall, ceiling or floor surface with uniform heat radiation or heat radiation in the desired arrangement by any multiplication. There is no circulation of the room air and a uniform well-being can be achieved in the room with a significantly lower room temperature, which leads to considerable energy savings.

Da die Heizelemente bezüglich ihrer Heizleistung exakt reproduzierbar sind, lassen sie sich in vorgegebenen Heizleistungsklassen herstellen. Damit ist jede gewünschte Gliederung der Wärmeabstrahlung von der verkleideten Fläche möglich.Since the heating elements are exactly reproducible in terms of their heating output, they can be manufactured in specified heating output classes. This enables any desired division of the heat radiation from the clad surface.

Bei örtlichen Fehlern in der elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung wird die Heizleistung praktisch nicht unterbrochen. Es kommt allenfalls zu einer geringfügigen örtlichen Minderung der Heizleistung, nicht aber zu einer vollständigen Unterbrechung derselben. Außerdem kommt es nicht zu örttichen Überhitzungen.In the event of local faults in the electrical resistance coating, the heating output is practically not interrupted. At most, there is a slight local reduction in the heating output, but not a complete interruption of the same. In addition, there is no local overheating.

Die elektrische Widerstandsbeschichtung kann aus einer Schicht aus einem alterungsbeständigen Kunstharz mit elektrisch leitender Beimischung, wie z. B. einer reinen Graphitbeimischung und von solchem Aufbau bestehen, daß die Schicht einen entsprechend der benötigten elektrischen Leistung notwendigen Widerstandswert aufweist. Der Widerstandswert kann dabei auf Werte von wenigen Q bis zu mehreren k Q eingestellt werden und zwar durch Änderung des Prozentsatzes der elektrisch leitenden Beimischung der Widerstandsbeschichtung und/oder Änderung der Schichtdicke. Die Schichtdicke liegt normalerweise zwischen 10 und 50 p.The electrical resistance coating can consist of a layer of an age-resistant synthetic resin with an electrically conductive admixture, such as. B. a pure graphite admixture and of such a structure that the layer has a necessary resistance value according to the required electrical power. The resistance value can be set to values from a few Q to several k Q by changing the percentage of the electrically conductive admixture of the resistance coating and / or changing the layer thickness. The layer thickness is usually between 10 and 50 p.

Bei einer Platte von 100 cm x 100 cm beträgt die elektrische Leistungsaufnahme beispielsweise ca. 100 W, bei einer solchen von 60 x 60 cm ca. 30 W.With a 100 cm x 100 cm plate, the electrical power consumption is, for example, approximately 100 W, with a 60 x 60 cm plate, approximately 30 W.

Alterungsbeständig bedeutet im Falle der erfindungsgemäß gewählten Schicht eine Beständigkeit bei einer Dauerbeanspruchung bis ca. 100°C.In the case of the layer selected according to the invention, age-resistant means resistance to continuous use up to approximately 100 ° C.

In alternativer Ausbildung der Erfindung besteht die elektrische Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einer elektrischen Widerstandsfolie, die eine Polyester-Deckschicht, eine mit Zu- und Ableitungen versehene leitende Zwischenschicht, z. B. eine Graphit- und/oder Rußschicht als Widerstandsschicht und eine Polyester-Unterschicht aufweist. Solche Widerstandsfolien sind an sich bekannt. Die Zu- und Ableitungen zur Widerstandsschicht sind im allgemeinen in Form von Kupferbändern ausgebildet. Das Problem der Verwendung solcher Widerstandsfolien im Zusammenhang mit der Lösung der der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Aufgabe besteht jedoch darin, daß Polyesterschichten nur schlecht an der Widerstandsschicht haften, so daß ein auf der der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite mit einer solchen Widerstandsfolie versehene keramische Formkörper auch bei Verwendung eines z. B. auf einer verputzten Wandung bzw. der Formkörperrückseite und an den Polyesterschichten haftenden Klebers ein Halt des Formkörpers, z. B. einer keramischen Platte an der Anbringstelle nicht mit ausreichender Sicherheit gewährleistet ist. Andererseits empfiehlt sich aber die Verwendung von Polyester als Material für die Deck- und Unterschicht, weil Polyester sehr alterungsbeständig ist. Das beim Einsatz von Polyestermaterial für die Deck- und Unterschicht der Widerstandsfolie auftretende Problem läßt sich aber lösen, wenn gemäß einer abgeänderten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Widerstandsschicht unter Belassung von von ihr nicht abgedeckter Bereiche flächenmäßig gegliedert ist, die Gliedflächen untereinander elektrisch in Verbindung stehen und in den von der Widerstandsschicht nicht überdeckten Bereichen örtlich Durchbrechungen der Widerstandsfolie vorgesehen sind.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electrical resistance coating consists of an electrical resistance film which has a polyester cover layer, a conductive intermediate layer provided with inlets and outlets, e.g. B. has a graphite and / or carbon black layer as a resistance layer and a polyester underlayer. Such resistance foils are known per se. The supply and discharge lines to the resistance layer are generally in the form of copper strips. However, the problem of using such resistance foils in connection with the solution of the object on which the invention is based is that polyester layers adhere only poorly to the resistance layer, so that a ceramic molded body provided with such a resistance foil on the side facing away from the visible side also when using a e.g. B. on a plastered wall or the back of the molded body and adhesive adhering to the polyester layers, a hold of the molded body, for. B. a ceramic plate at the attachment point is not guaranteed with sufficient security. On the other hand, the use of polyester as a material for the top and bottom layers is recommended because polyester is very resistant to aging. The problem that arises when using polyester material for the top and bottom layers of the resistance film can be solved, however, if, according to a modified embodiment of the invention, the resistance layer is divided in terms of area while leaving areas not covered by it, the link surfaces are electrically connected to one another and in the areas not covered by the resistance layer are provided with local openings in the resistance foil.

Man kann dabei mit einem Kleber arbeiten, der nur an Putz- und Keramikflächen, nicht aber oder nur schlecht an einer Polyesteroberfläche haftet, weil die Widerstandsfolie örtlich durchbrochen, z. B. durchstanzt und über den in den Durchbrechungen freiliegenden oder sie wenigstens teilweise durchsetzenden Kleber auf die der Sichtseite des keramischen Körpers abgewendete Seite desselben aufgebracht ist. Klebt man einen derart ausgebildeten keramischen Formkörper auf eine Putzschicht od. dgl. mit Hilfe einesfür das Ankleben von keramischen Formkörpern auf Wandflächen od. dgl. üblichen Klebers, dann erfolgt die Haftung über den in den Durchbrechungen freiliegenden oder aus ihnen heraustretenden Kleber und man erhält so eine zwar nur örtliche, aber bei richtiger Bemessung des Durchbrechungsrasters ausreichende Befestigung des keramischen Formkörpers an dem für seine Aufnahme vorgesehenen Untergrund.You can work with an adhesive that only adheres to plaster and ceramic surfaces, but not or only poorly to a polyester surface, because the resistance film breaks locally, e.g. B. punched through and on the exposed in the openings or at least partially penetrating adhesive the side of the ceramic body facing away from the visible side is applied. If a shaped ceramic body formed in this way is glued to a plaster layer or the like with the aid of an adhesive which is customary for adhering shaped ceramic bodies to wall surfaces or the like, then the adhesion takes place via the adhesive which is exposed in the openings or emerges from them and is thus obtained a fixing of the ceramic molded body to the substrate provided for its reception, which is only local, but is sufficient if the opening grid is dimensioned correctly.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, die elektrische Widerstandsbeschichtung in Form einer Widerstandsglasur aufzubringen. Diese Glasur wird auf den bereits gebrannten Formkörper aufgebracht und durch nochmaliges Brennen des Formkörpers fixiert. Als Glasur muß eine solche gewählt werden, deren Schmelzpunkt nicht über 750° C liegt. Glasuren mit höherem Schmelzpunkt haben sich als ungeeignet erwiesen.It is particularly advantageous to apply the electrical resistance coating in the form of a resistance glaze. This glaze is applied to the already fired shaped body and fixed by firing the shaped body again. The glaze must have a melting point that does not exceed 750 ° C. Glazes with a higher melting point have proven unsuitable.

Es ist zwar bereits aus der DE-A-1 924 202 bekannt, auf der Sichtseite von keramischen Formkörpern eine elektrisch leitende Glasur aufzubringen. Diese Glasur dient aber nur zur Ableitung statischer Elektrizität, d. h. sie ist so hochohmig, daß sie für Heizzwecke ungeeignet ist.It is already known from DE-A-1 924 202 to apply an electrically conductive glaze on the visible side of ceramic shaped bodies. However, this glaze only serves to discharge static electricity, i.e. H. it is so high-impedance that it is unsuitable for heating purposes.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Kleber mit dem der keramische Formkörper auf dem Trägeruntergrund fixiert werden soll, selbst als elektrischen Widerstand auszubilden. Es ist dabei möglich, zwei verschiedene Kleberarten zu verwenden, wobei der dem Formkörper benachbarte Kleber aus elektrischem Widerstandsmaterial besteht, während der auf dem Untergrund zu liegen kommende Kleber ein elektrisch isolierender Kleber ist. Die Kleber weisen im wesentlichen gleiche Wärmeausdehnungseigenschaften und chemische Verträglichkeit auf, so daß auf diese Weise eine besonders einfache Befestigung des keramischen elektrischen Widerstandsformkörpers möglich ist.Another possibility is to form the adhesive itself with which the ceramic molded body is to be fixed on the substrate, as an electrical resistance. It is possible to use two different types of adhesive, the adhesive adjacent to the molded body being made of electrical resistance material, while the adhesive to be placed on the substrate is an electrically insulating adhesive. The adhesives have essentially the same thermal expansion properties and chemical compatibility, so that a particularly simple fastening of the ceramic electrical resistance molded body is possible in this way.

Als Material für die elektrisch leitende Widerstandsschicht kann ein Material gewählt werden, das bei Beaufschlagung mit elektrischem Strom einen solchen Tenperaturgang aufweist, daß die Stromaufnahme des Materials bei zunehmender Erwärmung stark abnimmt.A material can be selected as the material for the electrically conductive resistance layer which, when subjected to electrical current, has a temperature response such that the current consumption of the material decreases sharply with increasing heating.

In der DE-A-3 325 204 wird bei der Verwendung von Halbleiter als leitendes Material für ein Heizelement zwar angegeben, gerade Halbleiter würden einen gewünschten negativen Temperaturkoeffizienten aufweisen, dem stehen aber die Ausführungen in Römpp entgegen, wonach in Halbleitern die Leitfähigkeit normalerweise stark mit der Temperatur zunimmt.In DE-A-3 325 204 it is stated when using semiconductors as the conductive material for a heating element that semiconductors in particular would have a desired negative temperature coefficient, but this is contradicted by the explanations in Römpp, according to which the conductivity in semiconductors is normally strongly associated the temperature increases.

Die Kontaktierung del elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung erfolgt zweckmäßig durch Kontaktierungselemente, die symmetrisch auf der elektrischen Widerstandsschicht angeordnet sind. So können beispielsweise bei quadratischen oder rechteckigen Platten die Kontaktierungselemente längs zweier voneinander abgewendeter Kanten der Platte in Form von Kontaktierungsbändern vorgesehen sein. Handelt es sich bei der Platte um eine keramische Platte, die auf ihrer Rückseite eine Reliefierung aufweist, so verlegt man die Kontaktierungselemente zweckmäßig in die an den voneinander abgewendeten Kanten vorhandenen Kanäle zwischen den diese begrenzenden Stegen.The electrical resistance coating is expediently contacted by contacting elements which are arranged symmetrically on the electrical resistance layer. For example, in the case of square or rectangular plates, the contacting elements can be provided in the form of contacting strips along two edges of the plate that face away from one another. If the plate is a ceramic plate that has a relief on its back, the contacting elements are expediently placed in the channels on the edges facing away from one another between the webs delimiting them.

Durch eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist es möglich, die Widerstandswerte von elektrischen Widerstandsschichten bei solchen Raumheizelementen auch nachträglich noch auf gewünschte Werte fein einzustellen.A further development of the invention makes it possible to subsequently fine-tune the resistance values of electrical resistance layers in such space heating elements to desired values.

Dies geschieht gemäß dieser Weiterbildung dadurch, daß zur Erhöhung des Widerstandswertes die Schichtdicke der Widerstandsschicht reduziert bzw. die Widerstandsschicht erwärmt wird.According to this development, this is done by reducing the layer thickness of the resistance layer or heating the resistance layer in order to increase the resistance value.

Bei der Erhöhung des Widerstandswertes der Widerstandsschicht geht man zweckmäßig so vor, daß die Schichtdicke der Widerstandsschicht durch Sandstrahlen, Elektroerosion, Abbürsten od. dgl. reduziert wird, oder aber die Widerstandsschicht von außen her, beispielsweise durch Beflammen oder Bestrahlen erwärmt wird. Es ist aber auch möglich, elektrischen Strom mit erheblich höherer Stärke als bei Normalbetrieb durch die Widerstandsschicht zu leiten. Dadurch wird die Struktur der Widerstandsschicht so geändert, daß es zu einer entsprechenden Erhöhung des Widerstandswertes insgesamt kommt.When increasing the resistance value of the resistance layer, the procedure is expediently such that the layer thickness of the resistance layer is reduced by sandblasting, electroerosion, brushing or the like, or the resistance layer is heated from the outside, for example by flaming or irradiation. However, it is also possible to conduct electrical current through the resistance layer with a considerably higher strength than during normal operation. As a result, the structure of the resistance layer is changed such that there is a corresponding increase in the overall resistance value.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in

  • Fig. 1 eine Rückansicht eines als Platte ausgebildeten Formkörpers mit elektrischer Widerstandsschicht und Kontaktierungselementen;
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch eine Platte mit reliefierter Rückseite;
  • Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform eines als Platte ausgebildeten keramischen Heizelementes mit elektrischer Widerstandsfolie;
  • Fig. 4 einen stark vergrößerten Teilschnitt durch die Platte nach Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch eine mit einer Widerstandsschicht versehene keramische Platte zur Erläuterung der Feineinstellung des Widerstandswertes.
The drawing shows in
  • Figure 1 is a rear view of a shaped body formed as a plate with an electrical resistance layer and contacting elements.
  • 2 shows a section through a plate with a relief in relief.
  • 3 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a ceramic heating element in the form of a plate with an electrical resistance film;
  • 4 shows a greatly enlarged partial section through the plate according to FIG. 3;
  • 5 shows a section through a ceramic plate provided with a resistance layer to explain the fine adjustment of the resistance value.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 allgemein ein Raumheizelement, hier in Form einer Platte wiedergegeben,wobei sich auf seiner Rückseite 2 eine elektrische Widerstandsschicht befindet. Mit 3 und 4 sind Kontaktierungselemente bezeichnet, die auf die elektrische Widerstandsschicht aufgeklebt oder auf ihr in anderer Weise befestigt sind. 5 und 6 bedeuten die Stromzuleitungen.In Fig. 1, 1 generally represents a space heating element, here in the form of a plate, with an electrical resistance layer on its back 2. With 3 and 4 contacting elements are designated, which are glued to the electrical resistance layer or on it in are otherwise attached. 5 and 6 mean the power supply lines.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Schnitt durch ein Raumheizelement gezeichnet, das hier in Form einer Platte mit reliefierter Rückseite 21 vorliegt. Diese Rückseite 21 weist Stege 22 bzw. Rillen 23 auf. Auf der Rückseite dieser Platte, d. h. auf der Seite, auf der sich die Stege und Rillen befinden, ist beispielsweise ein elektrisch leitender Kleber 24 aufgebracht. In einer dem Rand 25 der Platte benachbarten Rille 26 ist ein Leiter 27 vorgesehen. Selbstverständlich handelt es sich bei dem Kleber 24 um einen elektrischen Widerstandskleber, d. h. um ein Material, das zwar leitfähig, aber so schlecht leitend ist, daß die in es eingeleitete elektrische Energie in Wärmeenergie umgewandelt wird.2 shows a section through a room heating element, which is in the form of a plate with a relief 21 in relief. This back 21 has webs 22 or grooves 23. On the back of this plate, d. H. on the side on which the webs and grooves are located, for example, an electrically conductive adhesive 24 is applied. A conductor 27 is provided in a groove 26 adjacent to the edge 25 of the plate. Of course, the adhesive 24 is an electrical resistance adhesive, i. H. a material that is conductive but is so poorly conductive that the electrical energy introduced into it is converted into thermal energy.

In Fig. 3 ist mit 31 allgemein ein Raumheizelement bezeichnet, das, wie Fig. 4 zeigt, eine Platte 41, eine Kleberschicht 42 und eine Widerstandsfolie 43 aufweist. Die Widerstandsfolie besteht aus einer über die Kleberschicht 42 mit der der Sichtseite 44 der Platte 41 abgewendeten Seite 45 verbundenen Polyester-Deckschicht 46, aus jeweils am Rand mit Zu- und Ableitungen in Form von Kupferbändern 32 bis 37 mit Stromzuleitungen 38 (Fig. 3) versehenen Graphit- und/oder Rußzwischenschichten 43a, 43b, 43c als Widerstandsschichten und einer Polyester-Unterschicht 48, die an die tragende Fläche 49, z. B. eine verputzte Wandung über eine Kleberschicht 50 angeklebt wird. Die Widerstandsfolie 43 enthält beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel drei Bahnen 43a, 43b, 43c aus Widerstandsschichtmaterial, kann aber selbstverständlich auch noch stärker gegliedert sein.In FIG. 3, 31 generally denotes a space heating element which, as shown in FIG. 4, has a plate 41, an adhesive layer 42 and a resistance film 43. The resistance film consists of a polyester cover layer 46 connected via the adhesive layer 42 to the side 45 facing away from the visible side 44 of the plate 41, each of which has supply and discharge lines in the form of copper strips 32 to 37 with current supply lines 38 (FIG. 3). provided graphite and / or carbon black intermediate layers 43a, 43b, 43c as resistance layers and a polyester underlayer 48 which is attached to the supporting surface 49, e.g. B. a plastered wall is glued over an adhesive layer 50. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the resistance film 43 contains three tracks 43a, 43b, 43c made of resistance layer material, but of course it can also be structured more strongly.

Zwischen den Bahnen 43a und 43b bzw. 43b und 43c befinden sich Bereiche 51 und 52 (Fig. 3), in denen kein Widerstandsschichtmaterial vorhanden ist. Dagegen grenzt die Bahn 43a über das Leitungsband 36 an den Bereich 51. Desgleichen die Bahn 43c über das Leitungsband 33 an den Bereich 52 während die Bahn 43b beidseitig über Leitungsbänder 34 und 35 an die Bereiche 51 und 52 angrenzt. In den Bereichen 51 und 52, in denen die Schichten 46 und 48 aufeinander liegen, befinden sich Durchbrechungen 53, durch die der Kleber aus der Schicht hindurchgreift und mit dem Kleber aus der Schicht 50 auf der tragenden Fläche 49 in Verbindung steht. Die einzelnen Leitungsbahnen lassen sich in beliebiger Weise zusammenschalten. An Stelle einer einzigen Platte 31 können auch drei jeweils den Bahnen 43a, 43b und 43c entsprechend zugeordnete Teilplatten treten.Areas 51 and 52 (FIG. 3), in which no resistive layer material is present, are located between the tracks 43a and 43b or 43b and 43c. In contrast, the web 43a borders on the area 51 via the conduction band 36. Likewise, the web 43c borders on the area 52 via the conduction band 33, while the web 43b adjoins the areas 51 and 52 on both sides via conduction bands 34 and 35. In the areas 51 and 52, in which the layers 46 and 48 lie one on top of the other, there are openings 53 through which the adhesive extends from the layer and is connected to the adhesive from the layer 50 on the supporting surface 49. The individual conduits can be interconnected in any way. Instead of a single plate 31, three partial plates respectively assigned to the webs 43a, 43b and 43c can also occur.

Bei der möglichen Ausgestaltung der leitenden Zwischenschicht oder Widerstandsschicht in einer Ausbildung, bei der sie unter Belassung von von ihr nicht abgedeckten Bereichen flächenmäßig gegliedert ist, kann es sich z. B. um eine mäanderartige Anordnung der Widerstandsschicht oder um eine Aufgliederung derselben in mehrere flächige, aber elektrisch miteinander verbundene oder nachträglich noch zu verbindende Teilschichten in Form von Bändern, Flächenstücken od. dgl. handeln. Die Auswahl des entsprechenden Musters richtet sich nach den örtlichen Gegebenheiten und/oder den technischen Erfordernissen.In the possible configuration of the conductive intermediate layer or resistance layer in a training in which it is divided in terms of area while leaving areas not covered by it, it can be, for. B. a meandering arrangement of the resistance layer or a breakdown of the same into several flat, but electrically interconnected or subsequently to be connected sub-layers in the form of strips, flat pieces or the like. The selection of the appropriate pattern depends on the local conditions and / or the technical requirements.

In Fig. 5 ist bei 91 eine keramische Platte angedeutet, auf die eine Widerstandsschicht 92 aufgetragen ist. Die Auftragsdicke dieser Widerstandsbeschichtung 92 wird mittels einer geeigneten Maßnahme, z. B. Sandstrahlen, Elektroerosion, Abbürsten od. dgi.in ihrer Dicke reduziert, im wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel mit Hilfe einer z. B. rotierenden Bürste 93, so daß die Auftragsdicke auf die Solldicke, wie sie im Bereich 94 angedeutet ist, abnimmt. Damit nimmt auch die Leitfähigkeit dieser Schicht ab, d. h. der Flächenwiderstand steigt. Auf diese Weise ist eine Feinabstimmung des Widerstandswertes der Schicht 92 möglich.5, a ceramic plate is indicated at 91, on which a resistance layer 92 is applied. The application thickness of this resistance coating 92 is determined by means of a suitable measure, e.g. B. sandblasting, electroerosion, brushing od. Dgi. Reduced in thickness, in the illustrated embodiment using a z. B. rotating brush 93, so that the application thickness to the target thickness, as indicated in the area 94, decreases. This also reduces the conductivity of this layer, i. H. the surface resistance increases. In this way, it is possible to fine-tune the resistance value of layer 92.

Claims (8)

1. A room heating element comprising a ceramic shaped body provided on one side with an electrically resistive coating exhibiting nonmetallic, electrically conductive particles having a large specific surface and not substantially altering their electric conductivity at higher temperatures, in particular graphite, characterized in that the electrically resistive coating is disposed on the side of the ceramic body facing away from the visible side, and the particles are embedded in an electrically nonconductive or poorly conductive carrier substance in such a Ray that the resistive coating has an even electric and thermal conductivity.
2. The room heating element of claim 1, characterized in that the electrically resistive layer consists of an electrically resistive film which is fixed at least locally, preferably glued across the surface, to the side of the ceramic shaped body facing away from the visible side, and consists of a polyester cover layer, a conductive intermediate layer as a resistive layer provided with supply lines and removal lines, and a polyester bottom layer, and in that the resistive film is attached to the side of the ceramic shaped body facing away from the visible side with an adhesive that adheres both to a ceramic surface and to a polyester surface.
3. The room heating element of claim 2, characterized in that the resistive layer is divided up across its surface leaving areas not covered thereby within the resistive film, the divided areas communicating electrically with each other and local perforations being provided in the resistive film in the areas not covered by the resistive layer.
4. The room heating element of claim 1, characterized in that the electrically resistive coating consists of an electrically resistive glaze whose melting point is not higher than 750 degrees Centigrade.
5. The room heating element of claim 1, characterized in that the electrically resistive coating consists of an electrically resistive adhesive.
6. The room heating element of claim 5, characterized in that the electrically resistive adhesive is covered by an electrically insulating adhesive.
7. The room heating element of any of the above claims, characterized in that the electrically resistive layer is provided with conductive contacting elements, and in that the conductive contacting elements are made substantially of the basic material of the resistive layer in which particles of high electric conductivity or the existing conductive particles in a higher concentration are embedded additionally to increase the electric conductivity.
8. The room heating element of any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distribution of the conductive particles is locally denser in the resistive layer.
EP19850102230 1984-02-29 1985-02-28 Room heating element consisting of a ceramic support provided with an electric resistance layer, and method for its manufacture Expired EP0158091B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102230T ATE41845T1 (en) 1984-02-29 1985-02-28 SPACE HEATING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A CERAMIC MOLDING WITH AN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE COATING AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3407444 1984-02-29
DE3407444 1984-02-29
DE19843433667 DE3433667A1 (en) 1984-02-29 1984-09-13 Ceramic moulding with electrical resistance coating bonded to back - with uniform electrical and thermal conductivity, useful for heating room, swimming pool etc.
DE3433667 1984-09-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0158091A1 EP0158091A1 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0158091B1 true EP0158091B1 (en) 1989-03-29

Family

ID=25818952

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850102230 Expired EP0158091B1 (en) 1984-02-29 1985-02-28 Room heating element consisting of a ceramic support provided with an electric resistance layer, and method for its manufacture

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0158091B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60258891A (en)
CA (1) CA1256480A (en)
DK (1) DK162004C (en)
FI (1) FI83582C (en)
NO (1) NO850814L (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010092456A3 (en) * 2009-02-13 2011-03-17 Montanari, Fabrizio Plant of cellular heating to floor

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3603233A1 (en) * 1986-02-03 1987-08-06 Buchtal Gmbh COATING FOR WALL, CEILING OR FLOOR CLOTHING
AU1436597A (en) * 1995-10-17 1997-05-07 Magnus Kluge Electrical resistance heating for air conditioning in dwellings and buildings

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5120043Y2 (en) * 1971-06-30 1976-05-26
DE2151626B2 (en) * 1971-10-16 1975-10-23 Reuter Maschinen- Und Werkzeugbau Gmbh, 2844 Lemfoerde Process for the production of a rigid surface heating element which can be heated by electricity
DD109281A5 (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-10-20
JPS5034768A (en) * 1973-08-01 1975-04-03
US3878362A (en) * 1974-02-15 1975-04-15 Du Pont Electric heater having laminated structure
DE2535622A1 (en) * 1975-08-09 1977-02-17 Terracom Ets Flat surface electrical heating element - consisting of aggregate of conducting particles held between insulating layers
JPS5353954U (en) * 1976-10-08 1978-05-09
JPS5543751A (en) * 1978-09-21 1980-03-27 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Plane heating element
JPS5568078A (en) * 1978-11-16 1980-05-22 Nippon Soken Heating element
FR2490056A1 (en) * 1980-09-05 1982-03-12 Bonato Mario Electrically powered heating panel - uses medium resistivity material on heat and electrically insulating base with electric insulator covering to provide uniform heat
JPS57113576A (en) * 1980-12-30 1982-07-15 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Panel heater
DE3311051A1 (en) * 1983-03-25 1984-09-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München TAPE FLEXIBLE HEATING ELEMENT CONSTRUCTED FROM ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE PORCELAIN FROM PTC MATERIAL AND AN ORGANIC INSULATING PLASTIC AS BINDING AGENT, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE FLEXIBLE HEATING ELEMENT

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010092456A3 (en) * 2009-02-13 2011-03-17 Montanari, Fabrizio Plant of cellular heating to floor
CN102317693A (en) * 2009-02-13 2012-01-11 法布里齐奥·蒙塔纳里 Plant of cellular heating to floor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1256480A (en) 1989-06-27
FI850821L (en) 1985-08-30
DK162004B (en) 1991-09-02
DK93785D0 (en) 1985-02-28
FI83582B (en) 1991-04-15
FI850821A0 (en) 1985-02-28
DK162004C (en) 1992-02-10
FI83582C (en) 1991-07-25
DK93785A (en) 1985-08-30
JPS60258891A (en) 1985-12-20
NO850814L (en) 1985-08-30
EP0158091A1 (en) 1985-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0231913B1 (en) Coating for wall, ceiling or floor coverings
EP0174604B1 (en) Wall, ceiling and/or floor construction
EP0109019A2 (en) Surface heating element, especially for bandages or electric blankets
EP0157179B1 (en) Flat ceramic support with an electric resistance layer and method for adjusting the resistance value of the resistance layer
EP0158091B1 (en) Room heating element consisting of a ceramic support provided with an electric resistance layer, and method for its manufacture
EP0280150B1 (en) Space heating element consisting of a ceramic body provided with an electrically resistant layer, especially in the form of a ceramic plate
DE19726689B4 (en) Electric heating system for heating a room in flats and buildings by large-scale heat dissipation
DE3433667A1 (en) Ceramic moulding with electrical resistance coating bonded to back - with uniform electrical and thermal conductivity, useful for heating room, swimming pool etc.
DE19538686A1 (en) Electrical resistance heater for rooms
EP0357945A1 (en) Plane ceramic composite
DE2949511A1 (en) Roll-up floor heating mat - with meandering resistance wires fixed by tapes to plastic foil
EP1800521A1 (en) Heating device
DE19857493A1 (en) Electrical surface heating system installed on floors, wall or ceiling, which can be made using items of carpet handling machinery, comprises coating connected by conductive strips, to dissipate specified wattage
EP3621409A1 (en) Heating film and heating plate
EP0297370A2 (en) Mould element for false floor
DE29825103U1 (en) Electrical surface heating system installed on floors, wall or ceiling, which can be made using items of carpet handling machinery, comprises coating connected by conductive strips, to dissipate specified wattage
DE3934393A1 (en) Stone cladding tile with electrical heating cable - contains channels with conductors embedded in mixt. of cement and good heat-conductor e.g. aluminium nitrite
DE2247025A1 (en) PANEL-SHAPED HEATING ELEMENT
DE2231854A1 (en) ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT
DE20321628U1 (en) panel heating
EP0640270A1 (en) Heating device.
DE29724855U1 (en) Controlled electrical surface heating system used in apartment and buildings - has factory-coated layers of conductive particles and binder on substrate with metallic strip electrodes, for particularly uniform heating as part of wall-covering or tiling systems
AT328582B (en) PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLAT-SHAPED HEATING LAYERS
DE7005202U (en) ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT FOR CEILING RADIANT HEATING.
EP0232525B1 (en) Flat ceramic element

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19850830

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870319

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 41845

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19890415

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3569183

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890503

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19920213

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19920214

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19920220

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19920224

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19920226

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19920229

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19920304

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19920318

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19920324

Year of fee payment: 8

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19930228

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19930228

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19930228

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19930228

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19930228

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19930228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19930301

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: BUCHTAL G.M.B.H. KERAMISCHE BETRIEBE

Effective date: 19930228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19930901

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19930228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19931029

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19931103

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 85102230.1

Effective date: 19931008