EP0150702B2 - Rope formed of threads, yarns or twines made of textile fibrous material - Google Patents
Rope formed of threads, yarns or twines made of textile fibrous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0150702B2 EP0150702B2 EP84890232A EP84890232A EP0150702B2 EP 0150702 B2 EP0150702 B2 EP 0150702B2 EP 84890232 A EP84890232 A EP 84890232A EP 84890232 A EP84890232 A EP 84890232A EP 0150702 B2 EP0150702 B2 EP 0150702B2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rope
- yarns
- core
- twists
- monofilaments
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
- D07B1/04—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics with a core of fibres or filaments arranged parallel to the centre line
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2089—Jackets or coverings comprising wrapped structures
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/209—Jackets or coverings comprising braided structures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rope made of threads, yarns, twists or strands made of textile fiber material, in particular plastic fibers and an additional reinforcement made of material that has different strength properties from the fiber material.
- Ropes made of textile fiber material are known in principle in the form of twisted or laid ropes, in the form of braided hollow ropes and also in the form of ropes in a core-sheath construction, in which the core is made of parallel or braided yarns or threads and the sheath is made of one Hose braid exists that surrounds the core.
- the present invention is primarily concerned with industrial ropes and safety ropes, especially mountain ropes.
- Industrial ropes can be designed as braided hollow ropes or as stranded ropes.
- the invention is particularly concerned with industrial ropes which are guided around deflection rollers with small radii during operation and are thus exposed to strong alternating bending stresses. This leads to considerable wear even when the rope is not subject to any significant tensile loads. Rope breaks can lead to long downtimes of the machines equipped with appropriate ropes, which are associated with high costs.
- Our own studies have shown that the relatively short service life of the known industrial ropes is decisively caused by the friction of the rope in the grooves of the guide rollers, by other abrasion stresses, by the fiber-fiber friction in the rope elements and by the fact that the alternating bending stresses and the Peel the impregnations provided for bypasses off the fibers. Hollow ropes allow a quicker and easier connection of rope ends and are therefore easier to repair, or if it is endless ropes, easier to repair or replace. On the other hand, the ropes that have been beaten up to now usually have better service life.
- “sharp” is understood to mean edges with a radius of curvature of less than 5 mm, in particular 1 mm, which in practice corresponds to the rerouting of the mountain rope around a rock edge, then, if a corresponding impact impact occurs, a breakage or at least damage preventing further use of the rope for safety reasons can occur, even if the impact impact or tensile load is far below the otherwise permissible load standard.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a rope of the type mentioned, which is to be used as an industrial rope or safety rope and which has a significantly increased service life or tear resistance in the case of alternating bending stresses and when diverting around tight radii or sharp edges.
- a crane rope made of several stranded or braided strands is known, in which the rope elements of the same or almost the same length, i.e. strands, twists or threads, made of a plastic, in particular polyamide with low elongation at break, and the shorter ones necessary for the internal structure Rope elements, core strands, core twists or core threads made of a plastic with greater elongation at break, for example made of stretched polyamide, polyester or polypropylene and, if necessary, additionally the rope or the strands are covered with a sheath made of single-layer flexible plastic such as polyurethane, polyamide.
- the manufacture of the rope elements from different materials is intended to ensure that approximately the same stresses occur in the high-strength, equally long rope elements when the rope is loaded, and the shorter rope elements also contribute to the tensile strength of the rope due to the higher elongation that occurs, without them already tear at relatively lower loads.
- the service life should be increased.
- a simple sheath has the disadvantage that it does not adhere properly to the rope or becomes cracked or flakes off after a short time.
- the same disadvantages also occur with plastic-coated wire ropes, as are known from DE-B 1 221 926.
- an elastic rope for securing purposes which has a braided sheath made of wires and a core made of foamable plastic material, in particular polyurethane foam, which is injected into the sheath after the sheath has been produced, the sheath preferably having one during manufacture Paint coating to ensure the necessary corrosion resistance.
- a rope has only a low tensile strength because of the low load-bearing capacity of the core. In the event of alternating bending stresses, the core may break and the rope may become unusable. Accordingly, the area of application of the rope is mainly limited to special cases, for example as a safety rope for motor vehicles instead of guardrails.
- the object defined in more detail above is achieved in that the threads, yarns, twists or strands lying on the outer surface of the rope or a rope core and / or the entire rope core of a core rope are wound, braided or wound with monofilaments, the monofilaments or wires have greater hardness and the same or less elongation at break than the textile fiber material.
- the reinforcement fulfills a double function.
- the outer hard parts form an abrasion protection by rubbing the other rope elements on pulleys u. Like. Is prevented or delayed.
- the reinforcement holds the reinforced part together, which reduces fiber-fiber friction, prevents detachment of an impregnation under alternating stresses and also prevents the fibers from jumping off when the rope is redirected small radii or sharp corners are counteracted. It has been observed that a rope breaks during the sharp-edged diversion with simultaneous tensile load in such a way that the fibers tear one after the other.
- the monofilaments are preferably made of nylon, Perlon, polyester, polyamide etc., optionally also of metal.
- the reinforcement is attached in the form of braiding or braiding, a single monofilament or the like runs. as a helix around the rope element protected by it, which helix is easily bendable despite the use of a relatively rigid material.
- a coating can also be provided for the rope according to the invention.
- the monofilaments or wires forming the reinforcement are completely or partially embedded in the known coating or covering of the threads, yarns, twists, strands, the rope core or rope, which also means that the covering, which is made, for example, of plastic material, such as PVC, Polyamide, polyester or polyurethane or rubber-elastic material such as rubber, is better anchored to the rope and reinforced in itself than before.
- the proportion of the monofilaments or wires forming the reinforcement is below 10%, in particular below 2%, of the rope cross-section.
- the core consists of parallel or braided threads and the sheath consists of a tubular braid
- the core is braided or braided over the length of the rope Provide monofilaments, the thickness of which is only a fraction of the thickness of the tubular braid.
- An industrial rope which is braided as a hollow rope from yarns or twists, can be reinforced in such a way that the yarns or twists themselves are braided or braided from the monofilaments or wires, the thickness of which is 1-5% of the yarn or twist diameter, for example Is 0.2 mm.
- the outer strands can each contain at least one reinforcement monofilament which replaces, is embedded in or with an outer thread, twine or outer thread runs along these threads, threads or yarns.
- This reinforcement element or the outer thread or the like provided with it can lie at least in the region of larger parts of the rope length on the rope surface and thus additionally protect the rope from abrasion.
- the first core 1 has a core of parallel twists 1 or fiber bundles, which could possibly also be stranded or interwoven, a sheath 2 made of a tubular braid, in which pairs of individual threads are intertwined in opposite screw lines around the core 1, and a reinforcement made of a stocking-like braiding 3 made of monofilaments, which is made of nylon or Perlon or a polyester or polyacrylic or polyamide, around the core formed from the twists 1.
- the pairs of threads in the jacket 2 run according to eight-start screw lines, so that the jacket 2 has a check pattern that can be varied by using differently colored threads and possibly by changing the color of the threads.
- a thread 4 which can be used as a core thread in the rope according to FIG. 1, but possibly also in a rope to be described according to FIG. 4 or 6, is itself provided with a stocking-like braiding made of monofilaments 5.
- monofilaments 5 which have a thickness of 0.2 mm, for example, can be embedded in a covering 6 of the thread 4, which is made of rubber, PVC, polyamide or polyurethane.
- the hollow rope according to FIG. 4 is produced similarly to the sheath of the rope according to FIG. 1 by intertwining pairs of threads 7 according to multi-start screw lines, wherein these threads can be constructed like according to FIGS. 2 and 3 or also according to FIG. 5.
- a braiding with monofilaments 8 or wires attached in multi-course opposing screw lines is again provided on the outside of the thread.
- the core twist 9 and the remaining outer twists 10 consist of the same textile material.
- An outer thread 11 is replaced by a monofilament or reinforced with an embedded monofilament, which comes to rest at least in regions on the outer surface of the finished rope and thus additionally protects the rope from abrasion.
- outer threads 10 immediately and to provide monofilaments 12 running in individual or all gaps between the outer threads 10.
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- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Seil aus Fäden, Garnen, Zwirnen oder Litzen aus textilem Fasermaterial, insbesondere Kunststoffasern und einer zusätzlichen Bewehrung aus vom Fasermaterial abweichende Festigkeitseigenschaften aufweisendem Material.The invention relates to a rope made of threads, yarns, twists or strands made of textile fiber material, in particular plastic fibers and an additional reinforcement made of material that has different strength properties from the fiber material.
Seile aus textilem Fasermaterial sind prinzipiell in Form von aus Litzen gedrehten oder geschlagenen Seilen, in Form von geflochtenen Hohlseilen und auch in Form von Seilen in Kern-Mantelkonstruktion bekannt, bei denen dann der Kern aus parallelen oder geflochtenen Garnen oder Zwirnen und der Mantel aus einem Schlauchgeflecht besteht, das den Kern umschließt.Ropes made of textile fiber material are known in principle in the form of twisted or laid ropes, in the form of braided hollow ropes and also in the form of ropes in a core-sheath construction, in which the core is made of parallel or braided yarns or threads and the sheath is made of one Hose braid exists that surrounds the core.
Alle bekannten Seile der gegenständlichen Art zeigen in der Praxis eine mehr oder weniger große Empfindlichkeit, wenn sie unter Belastung schärfer abgebogen, um scharfe Kanten abgeleitet oder beim Betrieb starken Wechselbiegebeanspruchungen, insbesondere um enge Radien, ausgesetzt werden.In practice, all known ropes of the type in question show a greater or lesser sensitivity if they are bent more sharply under load, are diverted around sharp edges or are subjected to severe alternating bending stresses, in particular around tight radii, during operation.
Die vorliegende Erfindung befaßt sich vorwiegend mit Industrieseilen und Sicherungsseilen, insbesondere Bergseilen.The present invention is primarily concerned with industrial ropes and safety ropes, especially mountain ropes.
Industrieseile können als geflochtene Hohlseile oder als geschlagene Litzenseile ausgeführt werden. Die Erfindung befaßt sich besonders mit Industrieseilen, die beim Betrieb um Umlenkrollen mit kleinen Radien geführt und damit starken Wechselbiegebeanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind. Dies führt auch dann, wenn das Seil keinen wesentlichen Zugbelastungen unterliegt, zu einem beträchtlichen Verschleiß. Seilrisse können zu langen Standzeiten der mit entsprechenden Seilen ausgestatteten Maschinen führen, die mit hohen Kosten verbunden sind. Eigene, durchgeführte Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß die relativ geringen Standzeiten der bekannten Industrieseile entscheidend durch die Reibung des Seiles in den Rillen der Führungsrollen, durch sonstige Scheuerbeanspruchungen, durch die Faser-Faserreibung in den Seilelementen und dadurch verursacht werden, daß bei den Wechselbiegebeanspruchungen und den Seilumleitungen vorgesehene Imprägnierungen von den Fasern abblättern. Hohlseile ermöglichen eine raschere und einfachere Verbindung von Seilenden und sind daher leichter auszubessern, bzw. wenn es sich um Endlosseile handelt, leichter auszubessern oder auszuwechseln. Dagegen haben die bisherigen geschlagenen Seile meist bessere Standzeiten.Industrial ropes can be designed as braided hollow ropes or as stranded ropes. The invention is particularly concerned with industrial ropes which are guided around deflection rollers with small radii during operation and are thus exposed to strong alternating bending stresses. This leads to considerable wear even when the rope is not subject to any significant tensile loads. Rope breaks can lead to long downtimes of the machines equipped with appropriate ropes, which are associated with high costs. Our own studies have shown that the relatively short service life of the known industrial ropes is decisively caused by the friction of the rope in the grooves of the guide rollers, by other abrasion stresses, by the fiber-fiber friction in the rope elements and by the fact that the alternating bending stresses and the Peel the impregnations provided for bypasses off the fibers. Hollow ropes allow a quicker and easier connection of rope ends and are therefore easier to repair, or if it is endless ropes, easier to repair or replace. On the other hand, the ropes that have been beaten up to now usually have better service life.
Bei Sicherungsseilen und insbesondere Bergseilen, die meist als Seile in Kern-Mantelkonstruktion ausgeführt werden, ist es an und für sich gelungen, die Seilfestigkeit so weit zu erhöhen, daß ein Bergseil beim sogenannten Normfalltest viele Fallversuche aushält, ehe es zu Seilbeschädigungen oder zu so starken bleibenden Seildehnungen kommt, daß das Seil unelastisch wird. Beim Normfalltest wird aus einer bestimmten Höhe ein dem Durchschnittskörpergewicht des Bergsteigers angepaßtes Gewicht, das am Seil hängt, fallengelassen so daß es vom Seil abgefangen werden muß. Führt man den gleichen Test allerdings unter Umleitung des Seiles um eine scharfe Kante durch, wobei unter «scharf» Kanten mit einem Krümmungsradius unter 5 mm, insbesondere von 1 mm zu verstehen sind, was in der Praxis der Umleitung des Bergseiles um eine Felskante entspricht, dann kann es beim Auftreten eines entsprechenden Fangstoßes zu einem Bruch oder zumindest einer eine weitere Verwendung des Seiles aus Sicherheitsgründen ausschließenden Beschädigung kommen, selbst wenn der Fangstoß oder die Zugbelastung weit unter der sonst zulässigen Belastungsnorm liegen.In the case of safety ropes and in particular mountain ropes, which are mostly designed as ropes in a core-jacket construction, it has in itself succeeded in increasing the rope strength to such an extent that a mountain rope in the so-called norm drop test can withstand many drop tests before it becomes damaged or too strong permanent rope stretching, the rope becomes inelastic. In the norm drop test, a weight that is adapted to the average body weight of the mountaineer and hangs on the rope is dropped from a certain height, so that it has to be caught by the rope. However, if the same test is carried out by rerouting the rope around a sharp edge, “sharp” is understood to mean edges with a radius of curvature of less than 5 mm, in particular 1 mm, which in practice corresponds to the rerouting of the mountain rope around a rock edge, then, if a corresponding impact impact occurs, a breakage or at least damage preventing further use of the rope for safety reasons can occur, even if the impact impact or tensile load is far below the otherwise permissible load standard.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist demnach die Schaffung eines Seiles der eingangs genannten Art, das als Industrieseil oder Sicherungsseil einsetzbar sein soll und das bei Wechselbiegebeanspruchungen sowie bei der Umleitung um enge Radien bzw. scharfe Kanten eine wesentlich erhöhte Lebensdauer bzw. Reißfestigkeit aufweist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a rope of the type mentioned, which is to be used as an industrial rope or safety rope and which has a significantly increased service life or tear resistance in the case of alternating bending stresses and when diverting around tight radii or sharp edges.
Für die Lösung anderer Aufgaben ist es bereits bekannt, Seile mit Elementen aus textilem Fasermaterial mit einer zusätzlichen Bewehrung aus vom Fasermaterial abweichende Festigkeitseigenschaften aufweisendem Material zu versehen.For the solution of other tasks, it is already known to provide ropes with elements made of textile fiber material with an additional reinforcement made of material that has different strength properties from the fiber material.
Aus DE-A 2 222 312 ist es bekannt, in die tragenden Kunststoffäden eines hochbelastbaren Kunststoffseiles Einlagerungen aus fadenförmigen Materialien einzubringen, die aus hochverstreckbaren, jedoch nicht oder nicht vollständig verstreckten Werkstoffen bestehen und in einer solchen Menge und Anordnung vorgesehen sind, daß bei Überlastungen des Kunststoffseiles, also bei wesentlichem Überschreiten der zulässigen Zugbelastung, ein stufenweiser Abbau der potentiellen Energie dieser Kunststoffäden erfolgt. Sinn der vorgesehenen Armierung ist es, bei der Verwendung des elastischen Seiles für die Schiffahrt beim Brechen des Seiles Unfälle zu vermeiden, die sonst durch Zurückschnellen der Seilenden auftreten können.From DE-A 2 222 312 it is known to insert, in the load-bearing plastic threads of a heavy-duty plastic rope, deposits made of thread-like materials which consist of highly stretchable, but not or not fully stretched materials and are provided in such an amount and arrangement that in the event of overloading the Plastic ropes, i.e. if the permissible tensile load is significantly exceeded, the potential energy of these plastic threads is gradually reduced. The purpose of the proposed reinforcement is to avoid accidents when using the elastic rope for shipping when breaking the rope, which can otherwise occur as the rope ends snap back.
Aus der DE-A 2455273 ist ein Kranseil aus mehreren verseilten oder geflochtenen Litzen bekannt, bei dem die gleich- oder nahezu gleichlangen Seilelemente, also Litzen, Zwirne oder Fäden, aus einem Kunststoff, insbesondere Polyamid geringer Bruchdehnung und die für den inneren Aufbau nötigen kürzeren Seilelemente, Kernlitzen, Kernzwirne oder Kernfäden aus einem Kunststoff mit größerer Bruchdehnung, beispielsweise aus verstreckten Polyamid, Polyester oder Polypropylen bestehen und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich das Seil oder die Litzen mit einem Mantel aus einschichtigem flexiblen Kunststoff wie Polyurethan, Polyamid umhüllt sind. Durch die Herstellung der Seilelemente aus verschiedenen Materialien soll erreicht werden, daß bei der Belastung des Seiles etwa gleiche Spannungen in den hochfesten, gleichlangen Seilelementen auftreten und die kürzeren Seilelemente infolge der auftretenden höheren Dehnung ebenfalls einen Beitrag zur Zugfestigkeit des Seiles liefern, ohne daß sie schon bei relativ geringeren Belastungen reißen. Durch die äußere Ummantelung oder auch durch eine Tränkung des Seiles mit abriebfestem Kunststoff soll die Lebensdauer erhöht werden. In der Praxis hat allerdings ein einfacher Mantel den Nachteil, daß er nicht einwandfrei am Seil haftet bzw. nach kurzer Zeit rissig wird oder abblättert. Gleiche Nachteile treten überdies bei kunststoffummantelten Drahtseilen auf, wie sie aus der DE-B 1 221 926 bekannt geworden sind.From DE-A 2455273 a crane rope made of several stranded or braided strands is known, in which the rope elements of the same or almost the same length, i.e. strands, twists or threads, made of a plastic, in particular polyamide with low elongation at break, and the shorter ones necessary for the internal structure Rope elements, core strands, core twists or core threads made of a plastic with greater elongation at break, for example made of stretched polyamide, polyester or polypropylene and, if necessary, additionally the rope or the strands are covered with a sheath made of single-layer flexible plastic such as polyurethane, polyamide. The manufacture of the rope elements from different materials is intended to ensure that approximately the same stresses occur in the high-strength, equally long rope elements when the rope is loaded, and the shorter rope elements also contribute to the tensile strength of the rope due to the higher elongation that occurs, without them already tear at relatively lower loads. Through the outer sheathing or by impregnating the rope with abrasion-resistant plastic, the service life should be increased. In practice, however, a simple sheath has the disadvantage that it does not adhere properly to the rope or becomes cracked or flakes off after a short time. The same disadvantages also occur with plastic-coated wire ropes, as are known from DE-B 1 221 926.
Aus der DE-A 1 510 114 ist ein elastisches Seil für Sicherungszwecke bekannt, das einen aus Drähten geflochtenen Mantel und einen nach der Herstellung des Mantels in diesen eingespritzten Kern aus schäumbaren Kunststoffmaterial, insbesondere Polyurethanschaum, aufweist, wobei der Mantel bei der Fertigung vorzugsweise eine Lackbeschichtung zur Gewährleistung der notwendigen Korrosionsbeständigkeit erhält. Ein derartiges Seil besitzt wegen der geringen Tragfestigkeit des Kernes eine nur geringe Zugfestigkeit. Bei Biegewechselbeanspruchungen kann es zu einem Zerbrechen des Kernes und damit zum Unbrauchbarwerden des Seiles kommen. Dementsprechend ist das Einsatzgebiet des Seiles vorwiegend auf Spezialfälle, beispielsweise als Fangseil für Kraftfahrzeuge an Stelle von Leitplanken, beschränkt.From DE-A 1 510 114, an elastic rope for securing purposes is known, which has a braided sheath made of wires and a core made of foamable plastic material, in particular polyurethane foam, which is injected into the sheath after the sheath has been produced, the sheath preferably having one during manufacture Paint coating to ensure the necessary corrosion resistance. Such a rope has only a low tensile strength because of the low load-bearing capacity of the core. In the event of alternating bending stresses, the core may break and the rope may become unusable. Accordingly, the area of application of the rope is mainly limited to special cases, for example as a safety rope for motor vehicles instead of guardrails.
Schließlich ist es aus der FR-A 2 166 695 bekannt, bei einem Bergseil in Kern-Mantelkonstruktion um den Kern zwei aus gleichen Materialien in gleicher Machart gefertigte Mäntel vorzusehen, um die Sicherheit und Abriebfestigkeit zu erhöhen, wobei man davon ausgeht, daß der Außenmantel zuerst verschleißen wird und es erst dann zu einem Verschleißen des Innenmantels. kommt. Für die Erhöhung der Bruchsicherheit bei einer unter Umleitung des Seiles um eine scharfe Kante auftretenden Fangstoßbelastung ist durch diese Maßnahme nichts gewonnen.Finally, it is known from FR-A 2 166 695 to provide two sheaths made of the same materials in the same construction around the core of a mountain rope in a core-sheath construction in order to increase safety and abrasion resistance, assuming that the outer sheath will wear first and only then will the inner jacket wear out. is coming. Nothing is gained by this measure to increase the safety against breakage when the rope is deflected around a sharp edge.
Nach der Erfindung wird die oben näher definierte Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die an der Außenoberfläche des Seiles oder eines Seilkernes liegenden Fäden, Garne, Zwirne oder Litzen und/oder der ganze Seilkern eines Kernseiles mit Monofilamenten umwunden, umflochten oder umsponnen sind bzw. ist, wobei die Monofilamente bzw. Drähte gegenüber dem textilen Fasermaterial größere Härte und gleiche oder geringere Bruchdehnung aufweisen.According to the invention, the object defined in more detail above is achieved in that the threads, yarns, twists or strands lying on the outer surface of the rope or a rope core and / or the entire rope core of a core rope are wound, braided or wound with monofilaments, the monofilaments or wires have greater hardness and the same or less elongation at break than the textile fiber material.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Seil erfüllt die Bewehrung eine Doppelfunktion. Die außen liegenden härteren Teile bilden einen Abriebschutz durch den ein Aufreiben der übrigen Seilelemente an Umlenkrollen u. dgl. verhindert bzw. verzögert wird. Durch die Ausbildung der Bewehrung in Form einer Umwindung, Umflechtung oder Umspinnung hält die Bewehrung den bewehrten Teil in sich zusammen, wodurch die Faser-Faserreibung verringert, das Loslösen einer Imprägnierung unter auftretenden Wechselbeanspruchungen verhindert und auch dem Abspringen der Fasern bei der Umleitung des Seiles um kleine Radien bzw. scharfe Ecken entgegengewirkt wird. Es wurde beobachtet, daß ein Seil bei der scharfkantigen Umleitung unter gleichzeitiger Zugbelastung in der Form bricht, daß die Fasern nacheinander reißen. Hält man die Seilelemente durch die Bewehrung in sich zusammen, so wird diesem einzelnen Abreißen der Fasern entgegengewirkt und es wird eine Berührung der Fasern mit der Kante oder Umlenkrolle od.dgl. an der die Umleitung erfolgt, verhindert. Die Monofilamente werden vorzugsweise aus Nylon, Perlon, Polyester, Polyamid usw., gegebenenfalls auch aus Metall hergestellt. Bei der Anbringung der Bewehrung in Form einer Umflechtung oder Umspinnung verläuft ein einzelnes Monofilament od.dgl. als Schraubenwendel um das von ihm geschützte Seilelement, welche Wendel trotz der Verwendung eines relativ steifen Materials leicht biegbar ist.In the rope according to the invention, the reinforcement fulfills a double function. The outer hard parts form an abrasion protection by rubbing the other rope elements on pulleys u. Like. Is prevented or delayed. By constructing the reinforcement in the form of a winding, braiding or braiding, the reinforcement holds the reinforced part together, which reduces fiber-fiber friction, prevents detachment of an impregnation under alternating stresses and also prevents the fibers from jumping off when the rope is redirected small radii or sharp corners are counteracted. It has been observed that a rope breaks during the sharp-edged diversion with simultaneous tensile load in such a way that the fibers tear one after the other. If you hold the rope elements together by the reinforcement, this individual tearing of the fibers is counteracted and there is a contact of the fibers with the edge or deflection roller or the like. where the rerouting takes place. The monofilaments are preferably made of nylon, Perlon, polyester, polyamide etc., optionally also of metal. When the reinforcement is attached in the form of braiding or braiding, a single monofilament or the like runs. as a helix around the rope element protected by it, which helix is easily bendable despite the use of a relatively rigid material.
Man kann auch bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Seil eine Beschichtung vorsehen. Dabei sind aber die die Bewehrung bildenden Monofilamente bzw. Drähte ganz oder teilweise in die an sich bekannte Beschichtung oder Umhüllung der Fäden, Garne, Zwirne, Litzen, des Seilkernes oder Seiles eingebettet, wodurch auch die Umhüllung, die beispielsweise aus Kunststoffmaterial, wie PVC, Polyamid, Polyester oder Polyurethan bzw. aus gummielastischem Material wie Kautschuk, besteht, besser als bisher am Seil verankert und in sich bewehrt wird.A coating can also be provided for the rope according to the invention. However, the monofilaments or wires forming the reinforcement are completely or partially embedded in the known coating or covering of the threads, yarns, twists, strands, the rope core or rope, which also means that the covering, which is made, for example, of plastic material, such as PVC, Polyamide, polyester or polyurethane or rubber-elastic material such as rubber, is better anchored to the rope and reinforced in itself than before.
Um die Haupteigenschaften des Seiles zu erhalten und trotzdem die Lebensdauer wesentlich zu erhöhen, genügt es, wenn der Anteil der die Bewehrung bildenden Monofilamente bzw. Drähte unter 10%, insbesondere unter 2% des Seilquerschnittes beträgt.In order to maintain the main properties of the rope and to nevertheless significantly increase the service life, it is sufficient if the proportion of the monofilaments or wires forming the reinforcement is below 10%, in particular below 2%, of the rope cross-section.
Bei der Anwendung des Erfindungsgedankens auf ein Sicherungs- bzw. Bergseil in Kern-Mantel-konstruktion, bei dem der Kern aus parallelen oder geflochtenen Zwirnen und der Mantel aus einem Schlauchgeflecht besteht, wird der Kern mit einer über die Seillänge durchlaufenden Umflechtung oder Umspinnung aus den Monofilamenten versehen, deren Dicke nur einen Bruchteil der Dicke des Schlauchgeflechtes ausmacht.When applying the concept of the invention to a safety or mountain rope in a core-sheath construction, in which the core consists of parallel or braided threads and the sheath consists of a tubular braid, the core is braided or braided over the length of the rope Provide monofilaments, the thickness of which is only a fraction of the thickness of the tubular braid.
Ein Industrieseil, das als Hohlseil aus Garnen oder Zwirnen geflochten ist, kann in der Form bewehrt sein, daß die Garne oder Zwirne ihrerseits eine Umflechtung oder Umspinnung aus den Monofilamenten oder Drähten aufweisen, deren Dicke 1-5% des Garn- oder Zwirndurchmessers, beispielsweise 0,2 mm beträgt.An industrial rope, which is braided as a hollow rope from yarns or twists, can be reinforced in such a way that the yarns or twists themselves are braided or braided from the monofilaments or wires, the thickness of which is 1-5% of the yarn or twist diameter, for example Is 0.2 mm.
Bei einem geschlagenen, gedrehten oder geflochtenen Seil mit aus Fäden, Garnen oder Zwirnen aufgebauten Litzen können die Außenlitzen je wenigstens ein Bewehrungsmonofilament enthalten, welches einen Außenfaden, -zwirn oder ein Außengarn ersetzt, darin eingebettet ist oder mit diesen Fäden, Zwirnen oder Garnen mitläuft. Dieses Bewehrungselement bzw. der mit ihm versehene Außenfaden od. dgl. kann zumindest im Bereich von größeren Teilen der Seillänge an der Seiloberfläche liegen und so das Seil zusätzlich vor Abrieb schützen. Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile des Erfindungsgegenstandes gehen aus der nachfolgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung hervor.In the case of a twisted, twisted or braided rope with strands made up of threads, yarns or twists, the outer strands can each contain at least one reinforcement monofilament which replaces, is embedded in or with an outer thread, twine or outer thread runs along these threads, threads or yarns. This reinforcement element or the outer thread or the like provided with it can lie at least in the region of larger parts of the rope length on the rope surface and thus additionally protect the rope from abrasion. Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the following description of the drawings.
In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise veranschaulicht. Es zeigt
- Fig. 1 ein Bergseil in Kern-Mantelkonstruktion Vergroßert in Ansicht bei stufenweise abgenommenem Mantel und abgenommener Bewehrung,
- Fig. 2 in größerem Maßstab einen Querschnitt durch eine mögliche Ausführung einer Seillitze oder eines Seilzwirnes,
- Fig. 3 als Detail dazu stark vergrößert eine Ausführungsvariante der Bewehrung,
- Fig. 4 ein geflochtenes Hohlseil in gegenüber der Fig. 1 kleinerem Maßstab in Ansicht,
- Fig. 5 als Detail zu Fig. 4 ein zur Herstellung des Seiles nach Fig. 4 dienendes Garn in Ansicht und
- Fig. 6 in größerem Maßstab eine für die Herstellung eines geschlagenen Seiles verwendbare Litze im Querschnitt.
- 1 is a mountain rope in core-sheath construction enlarged in view with gradually removed sheath and reinforcement,
- 2 on a larger scale a cross section through a possible embodiment of a rope or a rope twine,
- 3 shows a detail of an embodiment variant of the reinforcement,
- 4 shows a braided hollow rope in a smaller scale compared to FIG. 1 in view,
- Fig. 5 as a detail of Fig. 4 is used to manufacture the rope of Fig. 4 yarn in view and
- Fig. 6 on a larger scale a usable for the production of a stranded rope strand in cross section.
Das Seil nach Fig. 1 besitzt einen Kern aus parallelen Zwirnen 1 oder Faserbündeln, die gegebenenfalls auch verseilt oder verflochten sein könnten, einen Mantel 2 aus einem Schlauchgeflecht, bei dem jeweils Paare von Einzelfäden in gegenläufigen Schraubenlinien um den Kern 1 verlaufend miteinander verflochten sind, und eine Bewehrung aus einer um den aus den Zwirnen 1 gebildeten Kern angebrachten strumpfartigen Umflechtung 3 aus Monofilamenten, die aus Nylon oder Perlon bzw. einem Polyester oder Polyacryl bzw. aus Polyamid bestehen. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel verlaufen die Fadenpaare im Mantel 2 nach achtgängigen Schraubenlinien, so daß der Mantel 2 ein Karomuster erhält, das durch Verwendung verschiedenfarbiger Fäden und allenfalls durch Farbwechsel in den Fäden variiert werden kann.1 has a core of
Nach Fig. 2 ist ein Zwirn 4, der als Kernzwirn beim Seil nach Fig. 1, gegebenenfalls aber auch in einem noch zu beschreibenden Seil nach Fig.4 oder 6 Verwendung finden kann, selbst mit einer strumpfartigen Umflechtung aus Monofilamenten 5 versehen. Gemäß Fig. 3 können solche Monofilamente 5, die beispielsweise eine Dicke von 0,2 mm aufweisen, in eine Umhüllung 6 des Zwirnes 4 eingebettet sein, die aus Kautschuk, PVC, Polyamid oder Polyurethan besteht.According to FIG. 2, a
Das Hohlseil nach Fig.4 ist ähnlich wie der Mantel des Seiles nach Fig. 1 durch Verflechtung von Zwirnpaaren 7 nach mehrgängigen Schraubenlinien hergestellt, wobei diese Zwirne wie nach den Fig. 2 und 3 oder auch gemäß Fig. 5 aufgebaut sein können. Beim Zwirn 7 nach Fig. 5 ist außen um den Zwirn wieder eine Umflechtung mit in mehrgängigen gegenläufigen Schraubenlinien angebrachten Monofilamenten 8 oder Drähten vorgesehen.The hollow rope according to FIG. 4 is produced similarly to the sheath of the rope according to FIG. 1 by intertwining pairs of
Bei einer zum Aufbau eines größeren Seiles bestimmten Litze nach Fig. 6 bestehen der Kernzwirn 9 und die übrigen Außenzwirne 10 aus gleichem Textilmaterial. Ein Außenzwirn 11 ist durch ein Monofilament ersetzt oder mit einem eingebetteten Monofilament bewehrt, das am fertig geschlagenen Seil wenigstens bereichsweise an der Außenoberfläche zu liegen kommt und so das Seil zusätzlich vor Abrieb schützt.6, the
Es wäre auch möglich, gleich Außenzwirne 10 zu verwenden und zwischen den Außenzwirnen 10 in einzelnen oder allen Lücken mitlaufende Monofilamente 12 vorzusehen.It would also be possible to use
Claims (6)
- A rope of filaments (2), yarns, twists (1, 7) or strands (9 - 11) made of a textile fibre material, more particularly plastics fibres, and an additional reinforcement (3, 5, 8, 11) made of a material having strength properties differing from fibre material, characterised in that the filaments or yarns or twists (4, 7) or strands (9 - 11) disposed on the outside surface of the rope or a rope core and/or the complete rope core (1) of a cored rope are or is wrap-wound, wrap-braided or wrap-spun with monofilaments (3, 5, 8), the monofilaments or wires being harder than the textile fibre material and having at most the same elongation at break.
- A rope according to claim 1, characterised in that the reinforcing monofilaments (5) or wires are wholly or partly embedded in a known coating (6) or envelope of the twists (4) or strands or rope core or rope (Fig. 3).
- A rope according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the proportion of rope cross-section taken up by the reinforcing monofilaments (3, 5, 8, 11, 12) is less than 10% and preferably less than 2%.
- A rope according to any of claims 1 - 3, characterised in that in the case of a rope devised as safety rope, more particularly a mountain rope (Fig. 1) in a core and envelope construction in which the core consists of parallel or braided twists (1) or fibre bunches and the envelope (2) of a tubular braiding, the core is wrap-braided (3) or wrap-spun continuously over rope length with the monofilaments whose thickness is only a small proportion of the thickness of the elements of the tubular braiding (2).
- A rope accordingly to any of claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the rope is braided from yarns or twists (7) as a hollow rope (Fig. 4) and the yarns or twists are wrap-braided or wrap-spun from monofilaments (8) or wires whose thickness is from 1 to 5% of the yarn or twist diameter.
- A rope accordingly to any of claims 1 - 5, characterised in that in the strands (Fig. 6) of the twisted or braided rope, the strands being devised from filaments or yarns or twists (9, 10), each outer strand comprises at least one reinforcing monofilament (11, 12) which replaces an outer filament or twist (10) or an outer yarn, is embedded therein or moves together with such filaments or twists or yarns.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT31784 | 1984-02-01 | ||
| AT317/84 | 1984-02-01 |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0150702A2 EP0150702A2 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
| EP0150702A3 EP0150702A3 (en) | 1987-04-29 |
| EP0150702B1 EP0150702B1 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| EP0150702B2 true EP0150702B2 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
Family
ID=3487358
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84890232A Expired - Lifetime EP0150702B2 (en) | 1984-02-01 | 1984-11-28 | Rope formed of threads, yarns or twines made of textile fibrous material |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4640178A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0150702B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE44395T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1247471A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3478865D1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI78129C (en) |
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- 1984-11-28 EP EP84890232A patent/EP0150702B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-11-28 DE DE8484890232T patent/DE3478865D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-28 AT AT84890232T patent/ATE44395T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-01-14 CA CA000472013A patent/CA1247471A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-01-25 US US06/695,080 patent/US4640178A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| DE1510114A1 (en) † | 1964-03-06 | 1970-01-02 | Kautschuk Kunststoff Gmbh | Elastic rope, especially for securing purposes |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0150702B1 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
| EP0150702A2 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
| CA1247471A (en) | 1988-12-28 |
| DE3478865D1 (en) | 1989-08-10 |
| FI850402L (en) | 1985-08-02 |
| US4640178A (en) | 1987-02-03 |
| FI78129B (en) | 1989-02-28 |
| EP0150702A3 (en) | 1987-04-29 |
| FI850402A0 (en) | 1985-01-30 |
| ATE44395T1 (en) | 1989-07-15 |
| FI78129C (en) | 1989-06-12 |
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