EP0148066A2 - Method and apparatus for making a vehicle wheel with thinned rim from one piece of metal - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for making a vehicle wheel with thinned rim from one piece of metal Download PDFInfo
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- EP0148066A2 EP0148066A2 EP84402562A EP84402562A EP0148066A2 EP 0148066 A2 EP0148066 A2 EP 0148066A2 EP 84402562 A EP84402562 A EP 84402562A EP 84402562 A EP84402562 A EP 84402562A EP 0148066 A2 EP0148066 A2 EP 0148066A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- edge
- rim
- press
- jaw
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
- B21D53/264—Making other particular articles wheels or the like wheels out of a single piece
Definitions
- vehicle wheels There are several methods of manufacturing vehicle wheels depending on whether these are in a single part or in two assembled parts, and depending on the material used.
- Another method consists in forming two complementary shells so as to obtain, by the union of these, a central veil and a complete rim.
- the weight of material used for this type of wheel is important, which leads to a high cost price.
- the present invention intends to propose a method of manufacturing steel wheels, in one piece, in order to remedy, on the one hand the drawbacks of wheels in two pieces as to their mechanical characteristics and their cost price and, on the other hand share those of light alloy wheels which are too expensive to meet the needs at the low end.
- the method according to the invention also allows the manufacture of so-called "standard” wheels possessing, however, most of the qualities of high-end wheels (lightness and good mechanical strength) at a cost price compatible with that imposed by the market.
- a substantially lateral sail vehicle wheel from a disc-shaped steel sheet, according to which a bowl-shaped blank with a high edge is produced. by a first deep drawing operation, then, the edge and the bottom of this cup are shaped to respectively form the rim and the wall of the wheel.
- said deep drawing operation is carried out with reduction of the thickness of the edges relative to the thickness of the initial disc, and, by a second drawing operation, said blank to determine the final diameter of the wheel disc at the junction of the latter with the abovementioned edge and to place all of the material reserved for this disc outside of the plane of this diameter, then it is shaped into at least one pass the aforementioned edge of the bowl to give it the profile of the rim, and finally shaping the wheel disc in at least one operation, all of the above stamping and shaping operations being performed at press tools.
- the thinning of the thickness of the edge of the above-mentioned bowl is obtained during stamping by controlling the holding force of the blank to be stamped.
- a kind of rolling of this edge is carried out between the male and female parts of the stamping tool, during their relative displacement.
- a second object of the invention lies in the tools for producing said deep bowl with thinning of its edge.
- This tool comprises a punch and a matrix, driven in a relative translational movement relative to the punch and associated with a clamp, the clamping control of which is adjustable, while a control device is associated with the clamping command of the clamp.
- blank as a function of the relative displacement of the matrix with respect to the punch and of the relative displacement of the blank with respect to the blank holder.
- the third object of the invention is a tool for forming the rim from the thinned edge of the bowl, by means of a press, in accordance with the above process.
- This tool comprises a fixed plate perpendicular to the axis of movement of the movable member of the press on which is mounted to slide radially a plurality of pairs of jaws whose active surfaces are parallel to the above axis, each jaw of each said pairs being associated with a cam surface cooperating with a complementary cam surface carried by the movable member of the press to bring the jaws closer when said member is moved in the direction of the plate against the effect of at least one elastic return member tending to separate the jaws from one another.
- a preferred embodiment of this tool resides in that the inner jaw of each pair is secured to a slide mounted with radial sliding on the aforesaid plate and comprising at its outer part an axial heel whose inner face converges towards the axis above in the direction of the plate, in that the outer jaw is integral with a slide mounted with radial sliding on the slide of the inner jaw between the jaw and the heel of the latter, and comprises at its outer part an axial heel whose outer face converges towards the aforementioned axis in the direction opposite to the plate, while at least one elastic return member, coupled between the two slides tends to separate the jaws from one another and bring the heels together, and that the movable member of the press comprises a wedge-shaped cam capable of being introduced axially between the two aforementioned inclined faces to separate the heels from one another and to close the jaws.
- FIG. 1 the final profile of a wheel comprising a web 1a and a rim 1b for receiving the tire has been sketched at 1.
- This profile is of a known type in which the web 1a is offset from the median plane of the wheel so as to cons replace one side of the latter, located outside the vehicle when it is mounted therein, and release the interior volume of the wheel to leave space for the various members located in the vicinity of the rocket (ball joints and steering, braking devices ).
- Reference 2 relates to a blank, from a steel disc which has been subjected to deep drawing, with thinning of the edges of the bowl formed.
- the blank 2 comprises a bottom 2a whose thickness corresponds to that of the initial blank and a skirt 2b, slightly conical, the thickness of which is reduced.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 the different thicknesses have been shown for reasons of clarity of the drawing without reference to the scale of representation of the wheel.
- This blank requires the implementation of a specific tool shown schematically in Figure 1A.
- This tool includes a punch 10 and a die 11a associated with a blank holder 11b.
- the blank 12 to be stamped is therefore clamped between the die and the blank holder which comprises a member 13 for controlling and adjusting the clamping force indicated by the arrow 14.
- stamping is obtained by moving the assembly 11a, 11b in the direction of arrow A relative to the fixed punch 10.
- the invention in order to obtain a thinning of the side walls of the blank relative to the initial thickness e of the blank, therefore of the bottom, causes, at the same time as the deformation covering the punch, a drawing of the metal by adjusting the clamping force 14 of the blank holder.
- a control system 15 which receives on the one hand the information from a sensor 16 for the radial displacement of the metal relative to the blank holder and on the other hand by the information from a sensor 17 for the axial displacement relative of the matrix with respect to the punch.
- a radial displacement R of given metal corresponds to a certain "consumption" of metal in volume, and this volume divided by the stroke C of the matrix having caused this consumption, is significant of the thickness P1 of the metal constituting the edges of the draft.
- the device 15 then suffices to compare the variation of these two parameters with their value fixed by this relationship and to act on the tightening force to obtain a regulation of this variation around that desired.
- the desired thinning is then obtained.
- FIG. 2 The operation which is then subjected to this blank, in accordance with the invention, is illustrated in FIG. 2. It is a drawing operation by which the part of the skirt 2b adjacent to the bottom 2a and the bottom 2a itself to determine the final diameter D of the web, both in size and in axial position. Thus, sufficient material has been reserved outside the plane of the diameter D to carry out the finishing of the web in subsequent operations.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the operations for forming the profile of the rim 2 from the blank shaped according to FIG. 2. It can be seen that the material 2a reserved for the disc is located completely outside the interior volume of the rim which is thus released for the installation of internal tools cooperating with external tools for shaping the rim.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B A preferred embodiment of a tool for implementing the method according to the invention by means of a press is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- This tool shown in section in FIG. 3A, comprises a fixed plate 20 perpendicular to the axis 21 of the movement of the movable plate of the press which is shown at 22 the press being open, and at 22 'the press being closed.
- Figure 3B which is a schematic view along A of FIG. 3A shows that this plate 20 supports a tool segmented into ten parts regularly distributed radially around the axis 21.
- Each of these tool parts consists of a first internal jaw 23 equipped with a tool 24 shape whose active face is facing outwards.
- This jaw 23 is in one piece with a support 25 (or slide) which is mounted in a radial groove 26 of the plate 20 in order to be able to slide in this groove.
- the slide 25 is constantly returned towards the center of the plate by an elastic return member 27 coupled between the plate and its outermost end.
- the slide 25 has a heel 28 extending axially in the direction of the movable press plate 22. This heel has an inclined surface 29 facing the jaw 23 and converging with the axis 21 in direction of stage 20.
- a second jaw 30 is slidably mounted on the slide 25 between the jaw 23 and its tool 24, and the heel 28.
- This external jaw comprises a tool 31 whose active surface faces the active surface of the tool 24 and is of complementary shape.
- the jaw 30 in fact constitutes a slide and an axial heel, the outer surface 32 of which is inclined relative to the axis 21 and converges with the latter in the direction opposite to the plate 20.
- the two surfaces 29 and 32 constitute a V whose branches can be moved aside or brought together parallel to themselves by introducing a wedge between them, as will be described below.
- an elastic return member (spring) 33 disposed between the slides 25 and 30 whose effect tends to separate the tools 31 and 24 from one another.
- the members which have just been described bear the index "'" in their closed press configuration. It is the same for the cam 34 with which the plate 22 is fitted, opposite each tooling part and which, in the form of a V or wedge, has two inclined surfaces 34a and 34b cooperating respectively with the surfaces 29 and 32 above to separate them from each other when the press is closed.
- the press operation represented in FIG. 3A is that which makes it possible to pass from the blank in its form of FIG. 2 to that in the form of FIG. 3.
- the press open With the press open, the blank 2 of the Figure 2 between the tools 24 and 31 by centering it on a fixed support 35 integral with the plate 30.
- the closing of the press causes the penetration of the corners 34 between each of the surfaces 29, 32 and the bringing together of the tools 31, 24 which trap and deform the skirt 2b of the blank around a mean cylinder shown at 36 in FIG. 3B.
- the distance of the plate 22 relative to the plate 20 frees the two slides which under the effect of the spring 33 move away from one another, the slide 25 being further brought closer to the center by the spring 27.
- the opening (and closing) stroke will be such that it allows the axial extraction of the blank, taking into account the reliefs formed on its skirt. This extraction can be ensured by separate ejectors not shown or by the support 35 made movable relative to the plate 20.
- FIG. 3B It can be seen in FIG. 3B that the tools are necessarily separated from each other in their working position by a radial space 37 making it possible to reach the open position (lower part of FIG. 3B) in which the internal ends of the slides 25 are joined. It follows from this constructive arrangement that the blank has facets corresponding to this space 37. It will then be necessary to carry out the forming operation between FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 by at least two passes, the blank being pivoted angularly around the axis 21 with a value equal to half the angle separating two consecutive tool parts (in the case of the figure, this value being equal to 18 ° of angle).
- a transfer device (which may include means for extracting the blank instead of separate extractor) for transporting it in a other tools of the same type in order to complete (as in Figure 4) the shape of the rim.
- the final formation of the web is then carried out in one or more passes between FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, by shaping between an external tool (die and an internal tool (punch) disposed in the wheel.
- This or these operations are also carried out on a press which belongs to the transfer line taking charge of the entire manufacture of the wheel from the initial blank.
- One of the advantages of the invention is that it makes it possible to manufacture an excellent quality steel wheel on a single production line, thus combining the advantages of mass production at low cost, to premium wheel features. It also makes it possible to differentiate the thicknesses of the web and of the rim and to adjust their ratio to a desired value which can be between 1 and 2 in particular by thinning the thickness of the rim.
- the invention finds an interesting application in the field of mechanical construction and in particular accessories for the automotive industry.
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Il existe plusieurs procédés de fabrication de roues de véhicule selon que celles-ci sont en une pièce unique ou en deux pièces assemblées, et selon la matière employée.There are several methods of manufacturing vehicle wheels depending on whether these are in a single part or in two assembled parts, and depending on the material used.
Ainsi on connaît, pour des roues en acier, un procédé qui consiste à former une jante d'une part, un voile d'autre part et à les assembler par soudure. Outre le fait que les roues issues de ce procédé possèdent des points faibles en regard notamment de la résistance à la fatigue dans la zone de contact du voile et de la jante, leur procédé de fabrication nécessite deux lignes de formage et une ligne d'assemblage qui entraînent des coûts de production très lourds en regard du prix du produit sur le marché.Thus a method is known for steel wheels which consists in forming a rim on the one hand, a web on the other hand and in assembling them by welding. In addition to the fact that the wheels resulting from this process have weak points with regard in particular to the resistance to fatigue in the area of contact of the web and the rim, their manufacturing process requires two forming lines and an assembly line. which entail very heavy production costs compared to the price of the product on the market.
Un autre procédé consiste à former deux coquilles complémentaires de manière à obtenir par la réunion de celles-ci, un voile central et une jante complète. Le poids de matière utilisée pour ce type de roue est important ce qui conduit à un prix de revient élevé.Another method consists in forming two complementary shells so as to obtain, by the union of these, a central veil and a complete rim. The weight of material used for this type of wheel is important, which leads to a high cost price.
Dans les procédés de fabrication de roues en une seule pièce, il est connu de partir d'un disque d'alliage léger, refendu sur sa périphérie et ensuite façonné pour former le voile au niveau de sa partie pleine, et la jante par les parties divisées. Un tel processus nécessite une fabrication soignée qui ne peut pas être généralisée à la production de très grande série de manière compétitive. Il existe enfin un dernier procédé de fabrication de roue en une seule pièce qui consiste à partir d'une ébauche en cuvette profonde à former le voile par emboutissage du-fond de la cuvette puis former la jante par action d'un champ électromagnétique. Le matériau utilisé est un alliage d'aluminium qui facilite le profilage électromagnétique.In processes for manufacturing one-piece wheels, it is known to start from a light alloy disc, split on its periphery and then shaped to form the web at its solid part, and the rim by the parts. divided. Such a process requires careful manufacturing which cannot be generalized to mass production in a competitive manner. Finally, there is a final wheel manufacturing process in one piece which consists of starting from a blank in a deep bowl to form the web by stamping the bottom of the bowl and then forming the rim by the action of an electromagnetic field. The material used is an aluminum alloy which facilitates electromagnetic profiling.
On mentionnera enfin pour mémoire les roues moulées ou forgées, donc en une seule pièce, qui sont des roues extrêmement coûteuses.Finally, mention will be made of cast or forged wheels, therefore in one piece, which are extremely expensive wheels.
La présente invention entend proposer une méthode de fabrication de roues en acier, en une seule pièce, afin de remédier,d'une part aux inconvénients des roues en deux pièces quant à leurs caractéristiques mécaniques et à leur prix de revient et,d'autre part à ceux des roues en alliage léger qui sont trop onéreuses, pour satisfaire les besoins en bas de gamme. La méthode selon l'invention permet en outre une fabrication de roues dites "standard" possédant-cependant la plupart des qualités des roues de haut de gamme (légèreté et bonne tenue mécanique) à un prix de revient compatible avec celui imposé par le marché.The present invention intends to propose a method of manufacturing steel wheels, in one piece, in order to remedy, on the one hand the drawbacks of wheels in two pieces as to their mechanical characteristics and their cost price and, on the other hand share those of light alloy wheels which are too expensive to meet the needs at the low end. The method according to the invention also allows the manufacture of so-called "standard" wheels possessing, however, most of the qualities of high-end wheels (lightness and good mechanical strength) at a cost price compatible with that imposed by the market.
A cet effet elle a donc pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une roue de véhicule à voile sensiblement latéral, à partir d'une tôle d'acier en forme de disque, selon lequel on réalise une ébauche en forme de cuvette à bord haut par une première opération d'emboutissage profond, puis, l'on façonne le bord et le fond de cette cuvette pour former respectivement la jante et le voile de la roue. Selon l'une des caractéristiques principales de l'invention, on réalise ladite opération d'emboutissage profond avec réduction de l'épaisseur des bords par rapport à l'épaisseur du disque initial, et, par une seconde opération d'emboutissage, on façonne ladite ébauche pour déterminer le diamètre final du voile de roue à la jonction de celui-ci avec le bord susdit et pour placer la totalité de la matière réservée à ce voile à l'extérieur du plan de ce diamètre, puis l'on façonne en au moins une passe le bord susdit de la cuvette pour lui conférer le profil de la jante, et l'on façonne enfin le voile de roue en au moins une opération, l'ensemble des opérations d'emboutissage et de façonnage susdites étant réalisée au moyen d'outils de presse.To this end, it therefore relates to a method of manufacturing a substantially lateral sail vehicle wheel, from a disc-shaped steel sheet, according to which a bowl-shaped blank with a high edge is produced. by a first deep drawing operation, then, the edge and the bottom of this cup are shaped to respectively form the rim and the wall of the wheel. According to one of the main characteristics of the invention, said deep drawing operation is carried out with reduction of the thickness of the edges relative to the thickness of the initial disc, and, by a second drawing operation, said blank to determine the final diameter of the wheel disc at the junction of the latter with the abovementioned edge and to place all of the material reserved for this disc outside of the plane of this diameter, then it is shaped into at least one pass the aforementioned edge of the bowl to give it the profile of the rim, and finally shaping the wheel disc in at least one operation, all of the above stamping and shaping operations being performed at press tools.
De manière préférée, l'amincissement de l'épaisseur du bord de la cuvette susdite est obtenu lors de l'emboutissage par contrôle de la force de retenue du flan à emboutir. En outre, pour parfaire cet amincissement, au niveau de l'extrémité du bord de ladite cuvette, on réalise une sorte de laminage de ce bord entre les parties mâle et femelle de l'outil d'emboutissage, lors de leur déplacement relatif.Preferably, the thinning of the thickness of the edge of the above-mentioned bowl is obtained during stamping by controlling the holding force of the blank to be stamped. In addition, to perfect this thinning, at the level from the end of the edge of said bowl, a kind of rolling of this edge is carried out between the male and female parts of the stamping tool, during their relative displacement.
Un second objet de l'invention réside dans l'outillage pour réaliser ladite cuvette profonde avec amincissement de son bord. Cet outillage comporte un poinçon et une matrice,animée d'un mouvement relatif de translation par rapport au poinçon et associée à un serreflan dont la commande de serrage est réglable, tandis qu'un dispositif de contrôle est associé à la commande du serrage du serre-flan en fonction du déplacement relatif de la matrice par rapport au poinçon et du déplacement relatif du flan par rapport au serre-flan. Afin d'obtenir cet amincissement jusqu'à l'extrémité du bord de la cuvette, sans provoquer de striction ou de rupture dans la partie amincie sous l'effet d'emboutissage le poinçon est légèrement conique tandis que la matrice est sensiblement cylindrique d'un diamètre sensiblement égal à celui maximal du poinçon augmenté de l'épaisseur à obtenir du métal.A second object of the invention lies in the tools for producing said deep bowl with thinning of its edge. This tool comprises a punch and a matrix, driven in a relative translational movement relative to the punch and associated with a clamp, the clamping control of which is adjustable, while a control device is associated with the clamping command of the clamp. blank as a function of the relative displacement of the matrix with respect to the punch and of the relative displacement of the blank with respect to the blank holder. In order to obtain this thinning to the end of the edge of the bowl, without causing necking or rupture in the thinned part under the effect of stamping the punch is slightly conical while the matrix is substantially cylindrical. a diameter substantially equal to that of the maximum punch increased by the thickness to be obtained from the metal.
Enfin, l'invention a pour troisième objet un outillage pour former la jante à partir du bord aminci de la cuvette,au moyen d'une presse,conformément au procédé susdit. Cet outillage comporte une platine fixe perpendiculaire à l'axe du mouvement de l'organe mobile de la presse sur laquelle est montée à coulissement radial une pluralité de paires de mâchoires dont les surfaces actives sont parallèles à l'axe susdit, chaque mâchoire de chacune des paires susdites étant associée à une surface de came coopérant avec une surface de came complémentaire portée par l'organe mobile de la presse pour rapprocher les mâchoires lorsque ledit organe est déplacé en direction de la platine à l'encontre de l'effet d'au moins un organe élastique de rappel tendant à écarter les mâchoires l'une de l'autre.Finally, the third object of the invention is a tool for forming the rim from the thinned edge of the bowl, by means of a press, in accordance with the above process. This tool comprises a fixed plate perpendicular to the axis of movement of the movable member of the press on which is mounted to slide radially a plurality of pairs of jaws whose active surfaces are parallel to the above axis, each jaw of each said pairs being associated with a cam surface cooperating with a complementary cam surface carried by the movable member of the press to bring the jaws closer when said member is moved in the direction of the plate against the effect of at least one elastic return member tending to separate the jaws from one another.
Un mode de réalisation préféré de cet outillage réside en ce que la mâchoire intérieure de chaque paire est solidaire d'un coulisseau monté à coulissement radial sur la platine susdite et comportant à sa partie extérieure un talon axial dont la face intérieure converge vers l'axe susdit dans la direction de la platine,en ce que la mâchoire extérieure est solidaire d'un coulisseau monté à coulissement radial sur le coulisseau de la mâchoire intérieure entre la mâchoire et le talon de ce dernier, et comporte à sa partie extérieure un talon axial dont la face extérieure converge vers l'axe susdit dans la direction opposée à la platine, tandis qu'au moins un organe élastique de rappel, attelé entre les deux coulisseaux tend à écarter les mâchoires l'une de l'autre et rapprocher les talons, et que l'organe mobile de la presse comporte une came en forme de coin susceptible d'être introduite axialement entre les deux faces inclinées susdites pour écarter les talons l'un de l'autre et refermer les mâchoires.A preferred embodiment of this tool resides in that the inner jaw of each pair is secured to a slide mounted with radial sliding on the aforesaid plate and comprising at its outer part an axial heel whose inner face converges towards the axis above in the direction of the plate, in that the outer jaw is integral with a slide mounted with radial sliding on the slide of the inner jaw between the jaw and the heel of the latter, and comprises at its outer part an axial heel whose outer face converges towards the aforementioned axis in the direction opposite to the plate, while at least one elastic return member, coupled between the two slides tends to separate the jaws from one another and bring the heels together, and that the movable member of the press comprises a wedge-shaped cam capable of being introduced axially between the two aforementioned inclined faces to separate the heels from one another and to close the jaws.
L'invention sera mieux comprise au cours de la description donnée ci-après à titre d'exemple purement indicatif et non limitatif qui permettra d'en dégager les avantages et les caractéristiques secondaires.The invention will be better understood during the description given below by way of purely indicative and nonlimiting example which will make it possible to identify the advantages and the secondary characteristics thereof.
Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- - la figure 1 illustre par un schéma de demi-roue, la formation de la cuvette à bord haut par emboutissage profond,
- - la figure 1A est un schéma d'un outillage utilisé pour réaliser cet emboutissage,
- - les figures 2 à 4 illustrent par des schémas de demi-roue la formation de la jante selon le procédé de l'invention,
- - les figures 3A et 3B sont des schémas d'un outillage mis en oeuvre pour réaliser l'une des passes (celle de la figure 3) de formage du voile,
- - les figures 5 à 8 illustrent schématiquement différentes phases de formage successives du voile de roue conformément au procédé de l'invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates by a half-wheel diagram, the formation of the bowl with a high edge by deep drawing,
- FIG. 1A is a diagram of a tool used to produce this stamping,
- FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate with half-wheel diagrams the formation of the rim according to the method of the invention,
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams of a tool used to make one of the passes (that of FIG. 3) for forming the web,
- - Figures 5 to 8 schematically illustrate different successive phases of forming the wheel disc in accordance with the method of the invention.
En se reportant tout d'abord à la figure 1,on a esquissé en 1 le profil final d'une roue comportant un voile la et une jante 1b pour recevoir le pneumatique. Ce profil est d'un type connu dans lequel le voile 1a est décalé par rapport au plan médian de la roue de manière à constituer une face de cette dernière, située à l'extérieur du véhicule quand elle y est montée, et à libérer le volume intérieur de la roue pour laisser de l'espace aux divers organes situés au voisinage de la fusée (rotules d'attelage et de direction, organes de freinage...). La référence 2 est relative à une ébauche, issue d'un disque d'acier auquel on a fait subir un emboutissage profond, avec amincissement des bords de la cuvette formée. Ainsi l'ébauche 2 comporte un fond 2a dont l'épaisseur correspond à celle du flan initial et une jupe 2b, légèrement conique dont l'épaisseur est réduite. On notera que, sur les figures 1 à 4, les épaisseurs différentes ont été représentées pour des raisons de clarté du dessin sans référence à l'échelle de représentation de la roue.Referring first to FIG. 1, the final profile of a wheel comprising a web 1a and a rim 1b for receiving the tire has been sketched at 1. This profile is of a known type in which the web 1a is offset from the median plane of the wheel so as to cons replace one side of the latter, located outside the vehicle when it is mounted therein, and release the interior volume of the wheel to leave space for the various members located in the vicinity of the rocket (ball joints and steering, braking devices ...).
L'obtention de cette ébauche nécessite la mise en oeuvre d'un outillage spécifique représenté schématiquement à la figure 1A. Cet outillage comprend un poinçon 10 et une matrice 11a associée à un serre-flan 11b. Le flan 12 à emboutir est donc serré entre la matrice et le serre-flan qui comporte un organe 13 de commande et de réglage de la force de serrage indiquée par la flèche 14. De manière connue, l'emboutissage est obtenu en déplaçant l'ensemble 11a,11b dans le sens de la flèche A par rapport au poinçon fixe 10. Selon l'invention, pour obtenir un amincissement des parois latérales de l'ébauche par rapport à l'épaisseur initiale e du flan, donc du fond, on provoque, en même temps que la déformation coiffant le poinçon, un étirage du métal en réglant la force de serrage 14 du serre-flan. Ce réglage est assuré par un système d'asservissement 15 qui reçoit d'une part les informations d'un capteur 16 de déplacement radial du métal par rapport au serre-flan et d'autre par les informations d'un capteur 17 du déplacement axial relatif de la matrice par rapport au poinçon. En effet, un déplacement radial R de métal donné correspond à une certaine "consommation" de métal en volume, et ce volume divisé par la course C de la matrice ayant provoqué cette consommation, est significatif de l'épaisseur P1 du métal constituant les bords de l'ébauche. On voit qu' ainsi, ayant déterminé l'épaisseur à obtenir on fixe la relation devant exister entre la course de la matrice et le retrait radial du flan entre matrice et serre-flan. Il suffit alors par le dispositif 15,de comparer la variation de ces deux paramètres avec leur valeur fixée par cette relation et d'agir sur la force de serrage pour obtenir une régulation de cette variation autour de celle souhaitée. On obtient alors l'amincissement désiré. Pour l'amincissement de l'extrémité du flan ayant quitté le serre-flan 11b, on notera qu'il se produit par laminage entre la matrice 11a et les flancs du poinçon 10 conique à cet effet. On notera que cette conicité à également pour fonction dé répartir l'effet d'emboutissage sur toute la partie amincie de la jupe pour éviter que cet effort ne soit concentré au niveau du fond et ne crée des strictions ou une rupture à cet endroit.Obtaining this blank requires the implementation of a specific tool shown schematically in Figure 1A. This tool includes a
L'opération que l'on fait ensuite subir à cette ébauche, conformément à l'invention, est illustrée par la figure 2. Il s'agit d'une opération d'emboutissage par laquelle on déforme la partie de la jupe 2b adjacente au fond 2a et le fond 2a lui-même pour déterminer le diamètre D définitif du voile, tant en dimension qu'en position axiale. Ainsi on a réservé à l'extérieur du plan du diamètre D la matière suffisante pour réaliser,dans des opérations ultérieures,la finition du voile.The operation which is then subjected to this blank, in accordance with the invention, is illustrated in FIG. 2. It is a drawing operation by which the part of the skirt 2b adjacent to the
Les figures 3 et 4 montrent les opérations de formation du profil de la jante 2 à partir de l'ébauche façonnée selon la figure 2. On voit que la matière 2a réservée pour le disque est située complètement à l'extérieur du volume intérieur de la jante qui est ainsi libéré pour la mise en place d'outils internes coopérant avec des outils externes pour le façonnage de la jante.FIGS. 3 and 4 show the operations for forming the profile of the
Une réalisation préférée d'un outillage pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention au moyen d'une presse,est représentée aux figures 3A et 3B. Cet outillage, représenté en coupe sur la figure 3A,comporte une platin fixe 20 perpendiculaire à l'axe 21 du mouvement du plateau mobile de la presse qui est représenté en 22 la presse étant ouverte, et en 22' la presse étant fermée. La figure 3B qui est une vue schématique suivant A de la figure 3A montre que cette platine 20 supporte un outillage segmenté en dix parties régulièrement réparties radialement autour de l'axe 21. Chacune de ces parties d'outillage est constituée par une première mâchoire 23 interne équipée d'un outil de forme 24 dont la face active est tournée vers l'extérieur. Cette mâchoire 23 est en une seule pièce avec un support 25 (ou coulisseau) qui est monté dans une rainure radiale 26 de la platine 20 pour pouvoir coulisser dans cette rainure. Le coulisseau 25 est constamment rappelé vers le centre de la platine par un organe élastique de rappel 27 attelé entre la platine et son extrémité la plus extérieure. A l'extrémité opposera la mâchoire 23, le coulisseau 25 comporte un talon 28 s'étendant axialement en direction du plateau mobile de presse 22. Ce talon possède une surface inclinée 29 faisant face à la mâchoire 23 et convergente avec l'axe 21 en direction de la platine 20.A preferred embodiment of a tool for implementing the method according to the invention by means of a press is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. This tool, shown in section in FIG. 3A, comprises a fixed
Une seconde mâchoire 30 est montée à coulissement sur le coulisseau 25 entre la mâchoire 23 et son outil 24, et le talon 28. Cette mâchoire externe comporte un outil 31 dont la surface active fait face à la surface active de l'outil 24 et est de forme complémentaire. La mâchoire 30 constitue en fait un coulisseau et un talon axial dont la surface extérieure 32 est inclinée par rapport à l'axe 21 et converge avec ce dernier dans la direction opposée à la platine 20. Ainsi les deux surfaces 29 et 32 constituent un V dont on peut écarter ou rapprocher les branches parallèlement à elles-mêmes en introduisant entre elles un coin, comme cela sera décrit ci-après. On notera enfin la présence d'un organe élastique de rappel (ressort) 33 disposé entre les coulisseaux 25 et 30 dont l'effet tend à écarter les outils 31 et 24 l'un de l'autre. Sur les figures 3A et 3B, les organes qui viennent d'être décrits portent l'indice "'" dans leur configuration presse fermée. Il en est de même pour la came 34 dont est équipé le plateau 22, en regard de chaque partie d'outillage et qui, en forme de V ou de coin, possède deux surfaces inclinées 34a et 34b coopérant respectivement avec les surfaces 29 et 32 susdites pour les écarter l'une de l'autre lors de la fermeture de la presse.A
L'opération de presse représentée sur la figure 3A est celle qui permet de passer de l'ébauche dans sa forme de la figure 2 à celle dans la forme de la figure 3. La presse étant ouverte, on introduit l'ébauche 2 de la figure 2 entre les outils 24 et 31 en la centrant sur un support fixe 35 solidaire de la platine 30. La fermeture de la presse provoque la pénétration des coins 34 entre chacune des surfaces 29, 32 et le rapprochement des outils 31, 24 qui emprisonnent et déforment la jupe 2b de l'ébauche autour d'un cylindre moyen représenté en 36 sur la figure 3B. L'éloignement de la platine 22 par rapport à la platine 20 libère les deux coulisseaux qui sous l'effet du ressort 33 s'écartent l'un de l'autre, le coulisseau 25 étant en outre rapproché du centre par le ressort 27. La course d'ouverture (et de fermeture) sera telle qu'elle permet l'extraction axiale de l'ébauche, compte-tenu des reliefs formés sur sa jupe. Cette extraction peut être assurée par des éjecteurs séparés non représentés ou par le support 35 rendu mobile par rapport à la platine 20.The press operation represented in FIG. 3A is that which makes it possible to pass from the blank in its form of FIG. 2 to that in the form of FIG. 3. With the press open, the blank 2 of the Figure 2 between the
On voit sur la figure 3B que les outils sont nécessairement séparés les uns des autres dans leur position de travail par un espace radial 37 permettant d'atteindre la position d'ouverture (partie inférieure de la figure 3B) dans laquelle les extrémités internes des coulisseaux 25 sont jointifs. Il résulte de cette disposition constructive que l'ébauche présente des facettes correspondant à cet espace 37. Il conviendra alors d'effectuer l'opération de formage entre la figure 2 et la figure 3 par au moins deux passes, l'ébauche étant pivotée angulairement autour de l'axe 21 d'une valeur égale à la moitié de l'angle séparant deux parties d'outillage consécutives (dans le cas de la figure, cette valeur étant égale à 18° d'angle).It can be seen in FIG. 3B that the tools are necessarily separated from each other in their working position by a
Après ces passes et l'extraction de l'ébauche, cette dernière est prise en charge par un dispositif de transfert (qui peut comporter des moyens d'extraction de l'ébauche au lieu et place d'extracteur séparés) pour la transporter dans un autre outillage du même type afin de compléter (comme dans la figure 4) la forme de la jante.After these passes and the extraction of the blank, the latter is supported by a transfer device (which may include means for extracting the blank instead of separate extractor) for transporting it in a other tools of the same type in order to complete (as in Figure 4) the shape of the rim.
On procède ensuite à la formation définitive du voile en une ou plusieurs passes entre la figure 4 et la figure 5, par façonnage entre un outil externe(matrice et un outil interne (poinçon) disposé dans la roue. Cette ou ces opérations sont effectuées également sur presse qui appartient à la ligne de transfert prenant en charge la totalité de la fabrication de la roue depuis le flan initial. Il en est de même des opérations de poinçonnage illustrées par les figures 7 et 8 par lesquelles on réalise les alvéoles de refroidissement ou de décoration 8, le trou de valve 9 et les trous de passage 6 et 7 de l'axe et vis de roue.The final formation of the web is then carried out in one or more passes between FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, by shaping between an external tool (die and an internal tool (punch) disposed in the wheel. This or these operations are also carried out on a press which belongs to the transfer line taking charge of the entire manufacture of the wheel from the initial blank. The same applies to the punching operations illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 by which the cooling cells are produced or
L'un des avantages de l'invention est de permettre la fabrication d'une roue d'excellente qualité, en acier, sur une seule ligne de production, alliant ainsi les avantages d'une production de grande série à bas prix de revient,à des caractéristiques de roue de haut de gamme. Elle permet également de différencier les épaisseurs du voile et de la jante et de régler leur rapport à une valeur désirée pouvant être comprise entre 1 et 2 notamment par amincissement de l'épaisseur de la jante.One of the advantages of the invention is that it makes it possible to manufacture an excellent quality steel wheel on a single production line, thus combining the advantages of mass production at low cost, to premium wheel features. It also makes it possible to differentiate the thicknesses of the web and of the rim and to adjust their ratio to a desired value which can be between 1 and 2 in particular by thinning the thickness of the rim.
L'invention trouve une application intéressante dans le domaine de la construction mécanique et en particulier des accessoires de l'industrie automobile.The invention finds an interesting application in the field of mechanical construction and in particular accessories for the automotive industry.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8321074A FR2557479B1 (en) | 1983-12-30 | 1983-12-30 | METHOD AND TOOLS FOR MAKING A VEHICLE WHEEL WITH THINNING RIM IN ONE PIECE OF STEEL |
FR8321074 | 1983-12-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0148066A2 true EP0148066A2 (en) | 1985-07-10 |
EP0148066A3 EP0148066A3 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
EP0148066B1 EP0148066B1 (en) | 1988-03-02 |
Family
ID=9295744
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19840402562 Expired EP0148066B1 (en) | 1983-12-30 | 1984-12-12 | Method and apparatus for making a vehicle wheel with thinned rim from one piece of metal |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0148066B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3469495D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2557479B1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0414738B1 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1992-09-23 | O & K ORENSTEIN & KOPPEL AG | Process for manufacturing bucket wheel bodies and bucket wheel bodies so obtained |
WO1997019771A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-05 | Cosma International, Inc. | Method for fabricating a one-piece metal vehicle wheel |
WO2005065048A3 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2006-08-03 | Wheels India | Wheels of unitary construction and method of making same |
CN104540612A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2015-04-22 | 都美工业株式会社 | Method for manufacturing wheel rim for wheel |
WO2018224027A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | 宁波德玛智能机械有限公司 | Floating block of hub shaping mould and hub shaping mould having same |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR757405A (en) * | 1932-09-08 | 1933-12-26 | Manufacturing process of metal wheels, punches and dies and metal wheels | |
US2132002A (en) * | 1934-04-11 | 1938-10-04 | Budd Wheel Co | Construction of hubs |
GB664064A (en) * | 1948-03-29 | 1952-01-02 | Kelsey Hayes Wheel Co | Method of forming a wheel |
FR1377642A (en) * | 1962-11-07 | 1964-11-06 | Dunlop Sa | Improvements in the manufacture of wheels for vehicles |
GB1022139A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1966-03-09 | Darwin Steward Cox | A method of manufacturing generally cupped and cylindrically shaped parts |
FR2182150A1 (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1973-12-07 | Grotnes Machine Works Inc | |
FR2475947A1 (en) * | 1980-02-20 | 1981-08-21 | Antonov Evgeny | Press for deep stamping metal can from blank - uses sealed chamber to locate rim and edge zone of blank with varying hydraulic pressure applied to rim |
FR2504459A1 (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-10-29 | Magyar Aluminium | ALUMINUM WHEEL, IN PARTICULAR VEHICLE WHEEL, AND FURTHER PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
GB2108914A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-05-25 | Daimler Benz Ag | A disc wheel for pneumatic tyres |
-
1983
- 1983-12-30 FR FR8321074A patent/FR2557479B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-12-12 DE DE8484402562T patent/DE3469495D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-12 EP EP19840402562 patent/EP0148066B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR757405A (en) * | 1932-09-08 | 1933-12-26 | Manufacturing process of metal wheels, punches and dies and metal wheels | |
US2132002A (en) * | 1934-04-11 | 1938-10-04 | Budd Wheel Co | Construction of hubs |
GB664064A (en) * | 1948-03-29 | 1952-01-02 | Kelsey Hayes Wheel Co | Method of forming a wheel |
FR1377642A (en) * | 1962-11-07 | 1964-11-06 | Dunlop Sa | Improvements in the manufacture of wheels for vehicles |
GB1022139A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1966-03-09 | Darwin Steward Cox | A method of manufacturing generally cupped and cylindrically shaped parts |
FR2182150A1 (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1973-12-07 | Grotnes Machine Works Inc | |
FR2475947A1 (en) * | 1980-02-20 | 1981-08-21 | Antonov Evgeny | Press for deep stamping metal can from blank - uses sealed chamber to locate rim and edge zone of blank with varying hydraulic pressure applied to rim |
FR2504459A1 (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-10-29 | Magyar Aluminium | ALUMINUM WHEEL, IN PARTICULAR VEHICLE WHEEL, AND FURTHER PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
GB2108914A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-05-25 | Daimler Benz Ag | A disc wheel for pneumatic tyres |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0414738B1 (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1992-09-23 | O & K ORENSTEIN & KOPPEL AG | Process for manufacturing bucket wheel bodies and bucket wheel bodies so obtained |
WO1997019771A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-05 | Cosma International, Inc. | Method for fabricating a one-piece metal vehicle wheel |
US5664329A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-09-09 | Cosma International Inc. | Method for fabricating a one-piece metal vehicle wheel |
WO2005065048A3 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2006-08-03 | Wheels India | Wheels of unitary construction and method of making same |
EP1708837A2 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2006-10-11 | Wheels India Limited | Wheels of unitary construction and method of making same |
EP1708837A4 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2007-05-16 | Wheels India | Wheels of unitary construction and method of making same |
CN104540612A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2015-04-22 | 都美工业株式会社 | Method for manufacturing wheel rim for wheel |
CN104540612B (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2016-06-01 | 都美工业株式会社 | The manufacture method of wheel for vehicle wheel rim |
WO2018224027A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | 宁波德玛智能机械有限公司 | Floating block of hub shaping mould and hub shaping mould having same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2557479B1 (en) | 1987-05-07 |
DE3469495D1 (en) | 1988-04-07 |
EP0148066A3 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
EP0148066B1 (en) | 1988-03-02 |
FR2557479A1 (en) | 1985-07-05 |
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