EP0141900B1 - Automatic loading device for an armoured vehicle with rotatable armoured turret - Google Patents

Automatic loading device for an armoured vehicle with rotatable armoured turret Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0141900B1
EP0141900B1 EP84105873A EP84105873A EP0141900B1 EP 0141900 B1 EP0141900 B1 EP 0141900B1 EP 84105873 A EP84105873 A EP 84105873A EP 84105873 A EP84105873 A EP 84105873A EP 0141900 B1 EP0141900 B1 EP 0141900B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loading
shaft
magazine
turret
weapon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84105873A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0141900A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Metz
Manfred Pehker
Erich Zielinski
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Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall GmbH
Publication of EP0141900A1 publication Critical patent/EP0141900A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0141900B1 publication Critical patent/EP0141900B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
    • F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
    • F41A9/10—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging
    • F41A9/13—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a vertical plane
    • F41A9/16—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a vertical plane which is parallel to the barrel axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/24—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using a movable magazine or clip as feeding element
    • F41A9/26—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using a movable magazine or clip as feeding element using a revolving drum magazine

Definitions

  • the device relates to a charging device for an armored vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a charging device is known from DE-A-24 33 568.
  • this loading device is only suitable as a loading aid for a manual mode of operation, because the projectiles, which are stored vertically on a rotating loading platform in a tower basket, have to be lifted from a tilted position to the inclination of a large-caliber barrel weapon by a loading gunner. To prepare for loading, it is necessary to turn the loading platform until a desired floor located in a respective loading device is behind the base of the barrel weapon.
  • a lifting device designed as an elevator which, from an endless, automatically driven magazine, carries ammunition stored vertically from a removal point vertically up to behind a crest-mounted gun, in which the projectile can only assume the position ready for insertion .
  • the removal position of the ammunition is in an external magazine area, so that with this arrangement a swiveling movement starting from the inside is not possible, especially since the removal of the ammunition can only be carried out upwards and not laterally.
  • a further automatic loading device in which it is necessary for taking a projectile position in the loading space of a large-caliber barrel weapon to be able to feed the projectiles stored vertically in a tower-proof magazine one after the other several facilities must be transported.
  • the bullets are first transported vertically after leaving the magazine, then rotated in a turning device and before they can be transferred to the elevator for vertical transport, they have to be moved laterally in a sliding device.
  • Such automatic loading devices require a particularly large amount of space for the various transport devices in addition to a high mechanical outlay, with the disadvantage of increased susceptibility to malfunction.
  • the transport devices are heavy, which has a negative effect on the armor and the weight of the combat vehicle and inevitably require a great deal of time to pass through the projectiles through the many transport stations.
  • the object of the invention is to design a loading device of the type mentioned in such a way that, with a simple design and low weight, in order to achieve rapid readiness to fire, ammunition stored temporarily vertically within the outer height range of the tank turret and within the inner height range of the vehicle trough, for a short time and in a space-saving manner, from a secured Can position the storage position of an endless magazine in the loading position.
  • the loading device is designed as an automatic loading machine, which according to the invention has the decisive advantage that the magazines, which are magazinated vertically, easily, quickly and automatically in a rotatable turret, can be transported by the exclusively swiveling feeding device into the ready-to-load position of a large-caliber barrel weapon. Thanks to its space-saving, lightweight design, this automatic loading machine, in conjunction with a large-caliber high-performance cannon, is particularly suitable for use in wheel trolleys.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show, within a tank tower 3 rotatably mounted in the vehicle trough 5, a loading machine for a tube weapon 13 combined from a magazine 1 and a feed device 16.
  • the tube weapon 13 is arranged centrally in an external weapon shaft 36 of the armored tower 3 and is by a known tower-fixed cradle bearing 58 and a known height adjusting cylinder 59.
  • the weapon shaft 36 prevents the tubular weapon 13 from influencing the outer turret height a because, when the returning tubular weapon 13 swivels within the angular range a pivotable about the shield pin 60 of the cradle bearing 58 by the leveling cylinder 59, the base piece 54 of the tubular weapon 13 from the Tower contour can emerge.
  • a crew room 6 divided into two halves by the weapon shaft 36 is connected to one another for direct contact between the commander and the gunner via a communication tunnel 42 arranged below the weapon shaft 36.
  • a tower bearing 61 known per se in the vehicle trough 5 centers the area b of the tank turret 3 accommodated by the vehicle trough 5 and at the same time supports the outer area a of the tank turret 3, the turret 3 being rotatable about the central axis 27 by a drive (not shown).
  • the armored turret 3 is equipped with observation and aiming devices 55, entry and exit hatches 56, as well as an aperture machine gun 57 and a further machine gun, not shown, the functions of which are not relevant to the invention, however, and a detailed description is therefore unnecessary.
  • Separate front panels 62 of the turret mouth area enable the arrangement of the aperture machine gun 57 and a mechanically coupled aid to the tube weapon 13 on both sides of the barrel weapon 13 while achieving all-round protection of the mounting of the shield journal 60 rifle scope 63 for the gunner.
  • the tube weapon 13 which can be adjusted in height in the angular range (a + y) around the cradle bearing 58, assumes an index position 14 necessary for the loading process at an elevation angle ⁇ .
  • the loading space 12 of the barrel weapon 13 is ready for receiving a new projectile 15 ready for insertion by a piecing device 64 arranged on the elongated barrel core axis 51 after the fall wedge lock 31 has been released.
  • the piecing device 64 is attached to the armored turret 3 as a chain piecing device within the height range a via fastening elements, not shown.
  • the projectile 15 rests in the loading position 14 on a charging cradle 8 of the feed device 16.
  • the feed device 16 can be pivoted about a shaft 22 in the height region a of the armored turret 3, the shaft 22 being mounted horizontally in a bearing block 26 of a bearing 28 fastened to the turret 3.
  • the bearing 28 consists essentially of two ring-shaped bearing halves, one bearing half being connected to a holder 29 connected to the armored turret 3 in the region of the tower bearing 61, reaching into the height region b and extending in the manner of a tube, and distributed next to one another on the circumference of the other bearing half the bearing blocks 26 of the feed devices 16 are firmly connected.
  • the projectiles 15, which are suspended in the ammunition containers 25 designed as feed devices 16, can be rotated in a carousel-like manner about the central axis 27, as a result of which the magazine 1 designed in this way can assume a projectile removal position 10 independently of the rotary movement of the armored turret 3.
  • the projectile 15 can be pivoted upwards from below by the ammunition container 25, which is also designed as a charging shell 8 and a feed device 16, by means of a drive 18 described in more detail in FIG. 4, into the position 14 ready for loading, which extends into the region 30 of the wedge lock 31 .
  • the divided crew compartment 6 is secured to the outside of the magazine 1 by a bulkhead 37, which in particular protects the turret crew in the event of ammunition fire and ammunition deflagration.
  • a bulkhead 37 which in particular protects the turret crew in the event of ammunition fire and ammunition deflagration.
  • an articulated drive 40 of a sleeve clearer 39 which can be retracted and swiveled into the weapon shaft 36 is arranged.
  • the sleeves 41 fall into the sleeve clearer 39, which is ready to receive near the bottom of the weapon shaft 36 and which, before each loading operation, is driven by the articulated drive 40 to eject the empty sleeve 41 into the rear area of the tank tower 3 is swung up.
  • the case clearer 39 moves back into the starting position, the rear wall 44 of the case clearer 39 and a pivotable flap 45 closing a magazine hatch 46 through which, when the case clearer 39 and the flap 45 are pivoted away, the feed device 16 for loading a new projectile 15 into the Directions 24 is pivotable.
  • Fig. 4 shows the drive 18 of the feed device 16, the piecing 64 and the drive 65 for the sleeve clearer 39 (Fig. 1).
  • the drive 18, which can be pivoted about an axis 34 arranged in a vertical and tower-fixed manner, assumes a positive connection with a projection 32 of the shaft 22 projecting on one side, as a result of which the charging cradle 8 with the projectile 15 in the position 14 ready for loading (Fig. 1) can be swiveled up and swung back into the removal position 10.
  • the profile of the extension 32 can be flat on both sides, a claw 33 of the drive 18, which can be pushed over it, according to FIG. 6 having a central, parallel slot.
  • the drive 18 assumes a position pivoted out in the direction 35 from the positive connection with the attachment 32.
  • the projectile 15 is transported into the loading space 12 (FIG. 1) by the piecing attachment 64 designed as a chain attachment.
  • the chains of the chain applicator are taken up by the chain guides 66 in the retracted position.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 A further embodiment variant of a loading machine equipped with an endless and vertically arranged magazine 2 and a feed device 17, which is arranged within a turret 4 of a tubular weapon 13 rotatably mounted in the vehicle trough 5, is illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9.
  • the barrel weapon 13 can be adjusted in height in the angular range (a + y) around the cradle bearing 58 by the leveling cylinder 59, the index position 14 required for the loading process, as already indicated in FIG. 1, being assimilable at an elevation angle ⁇ .
  • the tower is designed in such a way that the barrel weapon 13 returning around area c does not touch the tower roof in an inclined position within the angular area a.
  • the armored turret 4 also contains the observation and targeting devices 55 and 63 already marked in FIG. 3 and a hatch 56, with the only difference that these devices are all arranged on one side of the barrel weapon 13.
  • the best of the commander and the gunner The existing tower crew is also seated on one side, but one behind the other in the crew room 7.
  • a band magazine 2 is arranged inside the outer turret area a and the inner area b of the vehicle trough 5 and consists of two parallel circular tracks.
  • the floors 15 standing vertically in the band magazine 2 are surrounded by a magazine cover.
  • the magazine cover as a plastic housing with the bulkhead 48 compared to the crew room 7 offers increased protection against burning ammunition.
  • the removal point 11 is arranged, from which the charging cradle 9 connected to the feed device 17 transports the projectiles 15 via an intermediate position 52 from below to the loading position 14 reaching into the area 30 of the wedge lock 31, only pivotably.
  • the projectiles 15 are transported further within the band magazine 2 by a drive (not shown) and are pivoted out of the removal position 11 in the direction 53 and then in the direction 24 by the drives 20, 21 and 19 shown in FIG. 10.
  • the automatic pivoting movement of the projectile 15, which is held in a charging cradle 9 connected to a pivoting lever 49 of the feed device 17, runs in the vertical direction 24 by rotating the pivoting lever 49 about a shaft 23 mounted horizontally in the height range a of the armored turret 4, either by a straight-line drive 20 connected to the pivot lever 49 or controlled in the direction 24 by a rotary drive 21 (FIG. 10) which can be connected to the shaft 23.
  • the shaft 23 is mounted in a tower-fixed bearing block 67, which is advantageously arranged laterally next to the barrel weapon 13 to carry out the swiveling movements necessary for the loading process between the band magazine 2 and the wedge lock 31.
  • the bearing block 67 can either accommodate a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit as a straight-line drive 20 or the drive 21 (FIG. 10) in a type of fastening (not shown).
  • the projectile 15 In the loaded loading position 14, the projectile 15 can be transported into the loading space 12 (FIG. 1) by the tower-fixed attachment 64 already described.
  • FIG. 10 shows the feed device 17 which can be pivoted about the shaft 23 with a charging cradle 9 which can be pivoted about the pivot lever 49 of the feed device 17, the projectile 15 being in two mutually perpendicular planes from the removal position 11 (FIG. 8) to the position ready for insertion 14 (Fig. 9) is pivotable.
  • the pivot lever 49 can be pivoted vertically directly about the shaft 23 connected by the rotary drive 21 or by a rotary movement initiated by the drive 20 about the shaft 23.
  • a drive 19 and a shaft 50 which can be driven by it are connected to the pivot lever 49, to which the charging cradle 9 is positively connected.
  • the drives of the straightening system of barrel weapon 13 and armored turret 3, 4 and the drives of the automatic loader are preferably equipped with hydraulic drive units. which is particularly advantageous for small, space-saving components (cylinders, engines) with high performance. To avoid a possible fire hazard, a non-flammable liquid can be used as the transmission medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die Einrichtung betrifft eine Ladeeinrichtung für ein Panzerfahrzeug nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The device relates to a charging device for an armored vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine derartige Ladeeinrichtung ist aus der DE-A-24 33 568 bekannt. Diese Ladeeinrichtung ist jedoch als Ladehilfe nur für eine manuelle Betriebsweise geeignet, weil die auf einer drehbaren Ladebühne in einem Turmkorb senkrecht gelagerten Geschosse aus einer gekippten Stellung auf die Neigung einer großkalibrigen Rohrwaffe durch einen Ladeschützen angehoben werden müssen. Zur Vorbereitung des Ladens ist es notwendig, die Ladebühne soweit zu drehen, bis sich ein gewünschtes in einer jeweiligen Ladeeinrichtung befindliches Geschoß hinter dem Bodenstück der Rohrwaffe befindet. Für die Zuführbewegungen des Geschosses ist es notwendig, den als Ladeschale ausgebildeten inneren Teil einer Zuführeinrichtung gemeinsam mit dieser zunächst soweit manuell um ein im Höhenbereich der Fahrzeugwanne befindliches Lager aus der senkrechten in eine schräg nach oben links weisende Lage zu kippen, bis daß die Zuführeinrichtung auf dem Bodenstück zur Anlage kommt. Danach ist es, um den Anhebevorgang der Ladeschale zu gewährleisten, notwendig, die Ladeschale auf einer Strecke in der Länge von beidseitig in dem Vorderteil der Ladeschale angeordneten Langlöchernsoweit zu verschieben, bis im Vorderteil der Zuführeinrichtung angeordnete Bolzen den Verschiebeweg begrenzen. Erst danach ist der Ladeschütze in der Lage, den Hubvorgang für die Schwenkbewegung der Ladeschale um die im Vorderteil der gekippten Zuführeinrichtung angeordneten Bolzen durchzuführen. Für die Zuführbewegung der Ladeschale sind demnach nacheinander eine Kippbewegung, eine Längsverschiebung und eine Schwenkbewegung notwendig, wobei besonders nachteilig die Zeit der einzelnen Bedienungs- und Schaltvorgänge für den Ladevorgang maßgeblich von der Reaktion und der Kraft des Ladeschützen abhängig ist und bei dieser Betriebsweise des weiteren das Bedienungspersonal ungeschützt ist. Ein direktes kurzzeitiges Einschwenken der Geschosse aus der senkrechten Vorratsposition in eine einschubbereite Stellung ist bei dieser Ladeeinrichtung nicht möglich. Dadurch, daß das Magazin nicht endlos ausgebildet ist, muß zur Auswahl der Munition jeweils aufwendig die gesamte Ladebühne mitgedreht werden.Such a charging device is known from DE-A-24 33 568. However, this loading device is only suitable as a loading aid for a manual mode of operation, because the projectiles, which are stored vertically on a rotating loading platform in a tower basket, have to be lifted from a tilted position to the inclination of a large-caliber barrel weapon by a loading gunner. To prepare for loading, it is necessary to turn the loading platform until a desired floor located in a respective loading device is behind the base of the barrel weapon. For the feed movements of the projectile, it is necessary to tilt the inner part of a feed device, designed as a charging cradle, together with the feed device manually, to the extent that it is in the vertical region of the vehicle trough, from the vertical position into an obliquely upward-facing position until the feed device is open the bottom piece comes to rest. Thereafter, in order to ensure the lifting process of the charging cradle, it is necessary to move the charging cradle over a distance in the length of elongated holes arranged on both sides in the front part of the charging cradle until bolts arranged in the front part of the feed device limit the displacement path. Only then is the loader able to carry out the lifting process for the pivoting movement of the charging cradle around the bolts arranged in the front part of the tilted feed device. For the feed movement of the charging cradle, a tilting movement, a longitudinal displacement and a swiveling movement are required in succession, the time of the individual operating and switching processes for the charging process being particularly disadvantageous, which is largely dependent on the reaction and the power of the charging contactor, and furthermore in this operating mode Operating personnel is unprotected. Direct loading of the projectiles from the vertical storage position into a position ready for insertion is not possible with this loading device. Due to the fact that the magazine is not endless, the entire loading platform has to be rotated to select the ammunition.

Aus der DE-A-28 26 136 ist eine als Aufzug ausgebildete Hubeinrichtung bekannt, die aus einem endlosen automatisch angetriebenen Magazin senkrecht gelagerte Munition aus einer Entnahmestelle senkrecht nach oben bis hinter eine scheitellaffetierte Rohrwaffe führt, in der das Geschoß erst die einschubbereite Stellung einnehmen kann. Die Entnahmestellung der Munition befindet sich jedoch in einem außenliegenden Magazinbereich, so daß bei dieser Anordnung eine von der Innenseite ausgehende Schwenkbewegung nicht möglich ist, zumal die Entnahme der Munition nur nach oben und nicht seitlich durchführbar ist.From DE-A-28 26 136 a lifting device designed as an elevator is known which, from an endless, automatically driven magazine, carries ammunition stored vertically from a removal point vertically up to behind a crest-mounted gun, in which the projectile can only assume the position ready for insertion . However, the removal position of the ammunition is in an external magazine area, so that with this arrangement a swiveling movement starting from the inside is not possible, especially since the removal of the ammunition can only be carried out upwards and not laterally.

Aus der DE-A-28 37 303 und aus der DE-A-30 46 642 sind weitere automatisch antreibbare Magazine bekannt. In beiden Magazinen wird jedoch die Munition horizontal gelagert. Das Magazin gemäß der DE-A-30 46 642 befindet sich ausschließlich im hinteren Turmbereich, wobei die quer hintereinander horizontal gelagerte Munition einen großen Flächenanteil des Turmes benötigt, wodurch eine große Turmsilhouette erforderlich wird. Des weiteren eignet sich ein derartiges Magazin nicht für den Ladevorgang senkrecht im beengten Wannenbereich eines Turmmes gelagerter Munition. Das Magazin gemäß der DE-A-28 37 303 befindet sich getrennt vom Mannschaftsraum im Heckbereich einer Panzerdeckung, wobei eine Munitionsentnahme nur nach obenhin möglich ist. Die Hubeinrichtung ist am Schildzapfen der Rohrwaffe angeordnet, so daß durch ihren notwendigerweise großen Bewegungsraum auch hier ein Einsatz in einem engen Wannenbereich des Turmes nicht möglich ist.Further automatically drivable magazines are known from DE-A-28 37 303 and from DE-A-30 46 642. In both magazines, however, the ammunition is stored horizontally. The magazine according to DE-A-30 46 642 is located exclusively in the rear area of the tower, the ammunition, which is stored horizontally one behind the other, requires a large proportion of the area of the tower, as a result of which a large tower silhouette is required. Furthermore, such a magazine is not suitable for the loading process of ammunition stored vertically in the cramped trough region of a turret. The magazine according to DE-A-28 37 303 is located separately from the crew compartment in the rear area of a tank cover, wherein ammunition can only be removed upwards. The lifting device is arranged on the shield spigot of the barrel weapon, so that its necessarily large movement space means that use in a narrow trough area of the turret is not possible here either.

Aus der DE-A-30 17 323 ist eine weitere automatische Ladeeinrichtung bekannt, bei der es zur Einnahme von Geschossen einer in den Laderaum einer großkalibrigen Rohrwaffe einzugbereiten Stellung eines Ansetzers erforderlich ist, daß zum Zuführen die in einem turmfesten Magazin senkrecht gelagerten Geschosse nacheinander in mehreren Einrichtungen transportiert werden müssen. Die Geschosse werden zunächst nach Verlassen des Magazins senkrecht weitertransportiert, dann in einer Umdreheinrichtung gedreht und bevor sie auf das Hebewerk zum senkrechten Transport übertragen werden können, müssen sie noch in einer Verschiebeeinrichtung seitlich verschoben werden. Derartige automatische Ladeeinrichtungen erfordern für die verschiedenen Transporteinrichtungen neben einem hohen mechanischen Aufwand, mit dem Nachteil erhöhter Störanfälligkeit, einen besonders großen Raumbedarf. Die Transporteinrichtungen sind schwer, was sich negativ bezüglich der Panzerungen bzw. des Gewichtes des Kampffahrzeuges auswirkt und erfordern für das Durchlaufen der Geschosse durch die vielen Transportstationen zwangsläufig einen hohen Zeitaufwand.From DE-A-30 17 323 a further automatic loading device is known, in which it is necessary for taking a projectile position in the loading space of a large-caliber barrel weapon to be able to feed the projectiles stored vertically in a tower-proof magazine one after the other several facilities must be transported. The bullets are first transported vertically after leaving the magazine, then rotated in a turning device and before they can be transferred to the elevator for vertical transport, they have to be moved laterally in a sliding device. Such automatic loading devices require a particularly large amount of space for the various transport devices in addition to a high mechanical outlay, with the disadvantage of increased susceptibility to malfunction. The transport devices are heavy, which has a negative effect on the armor and the weight of the combat vehicle and inevitably require a great deal of time to pass through the projectiles through the many transport stations.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Ladeeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Gattung derartig auszubilden daß sie bei einfacher Ausführung und geringem Gewicht zur Erzielung einer schnellen Schußbereitschaft automatisch senkrecht innerhalb des äußeren Höhenbereichs des Panzerturmes und innerhalb des inneren Höhenbereichs der Fahrzeugwanne gelagerte Munition kurzzeitig und raumsparend aus einer gesicherten Lagerpositon eines endlosen Magazins in Ladeposition transportieren kann.The object of the invention is to design a loading device of the type mentioned in such a way that, with a simple design and low weight, in order to achieve rapid readiness to fire, ammunition stored temporarily vertically within the outer height range of the tank turret and within the inner height range of the vehicle trough, for a short time and in a space-saving manner, from a secured Can position the storage position of an endless magazine in the loading position.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale.This task is solved by the in the kenn Drawing part of claim 1 specified features.

Die Ladeeinrichtung ist als Ladeautomat ausgebildet, der erfindungsgemäß den entscheidenden Vorteil hat, daß der einfach, schnell und automatisch in einem drehbaren Panzerturm senkrecht magazinierte Geschosse durch die ausschließlich schwenkbewegliche Zuführeinrichtung in ladebereite Stellung einer großkalibrigen Rohrwaffe transportieren kann. Durch eine raumsparende Leichtbauweise eignet sich dieser Ladeautomat im Zusammenwirken mit einer großkalibrigen Hochleistungskanone bevorzugt für den Einsatz in Radkapfwagen.The loading device is designed as an automatic loading machine, which according to the invention has the decisive advantage that the magazines, which are magazinated vertically, easily, quickly and automatically in a rotatable turret, can be transported by the exclusively swiveling feeding device into the ready-to-load position of a large-caliber barrel weapon. Thanks to its space-saving, lightweight design, this automatic loading machine, in conjunction with a large-caliber high-performance cannon, is particularly suitable for use in wheel trolleys.

Resultierend aus dem geringen Raumbedarf des Ladeautomaten ergibt sich eine äußerst kleine und niedrige Turmsilhouette, innerhalb derer, bedingt durch den automatischen Munitionsfluß, die auf zwei Personen reduzierte Turmbesatzung die vorgesehenen Arbeiten im Sitzen entweder einseitig hintereinander oder nebeneinander in einem oder mehreren jedoch verbundenen und durch Schottwände vom Magazin getrennten Mannschaftsraum(en) ausführen kann. Gegenüber dem aus der DE-A-30 17 323 bekannten Panzerturm ergibt sich bei dieser Sitzordnung darüber hinaus eine verhältnismäßig kurze Turmsilhouette, weil bei dem bekannten Turm der Fahrzeugführer noch hinter dem Raum der rücklaufenden Rohrwaffe platziert ist. Durch die in den äußerlich sichtbaren Turmbereich hineinragende Anordnung des automatisch antreibbaren endlosen Magazins der Erfindung, ergibt sich weiter vorteilhaft eine direkte Einschwenkmöglichkeit des Geschosses in die ladebereite Stellung, wobei besonders vorteilhaft, eine als Magazinbehälter ausgebildete Lagerschale unmittelbar das Geschoß in die ladebereite Stellung transportiert.As a result of the small space requirement of the loading machine, there is an extremely small and low tower silhouette, within which, due to the automatic ammunition flow, the tower crew reduced to two people perform the intended work while sitting either one-sidedly one behind the other or side by side in one or more but connected and by bulkhead walls crew room (s) separate from the magazine. Compared to the armored turret known from DE-A-30 17 323, this seating arrangement also results in a relatively short turret silhouette, because in the known turret the driver of the vehicle is still placed behind the space of the returning barrel weapon. Due to the arrangement of the automatically drivable endless magazine of the invention projecting into the externally visible tower area, there is furthermore advantageously a direct pivoting possibility of the projectile into the ready-to-load position, wherein, particularly advantageously, a bearing shell designed as a magazine container transports the projectile directly into the ready-to-load position.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in den Zeichnungen unter weitgehendem Verzicht auf erfindungsunwesentliche Einzelheiten dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele des näheren erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, largely without the details that are not essential to the invention.

Dabei zeigt :

  • Figur 1 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 3 angegebenen Fläche I-I einen mit einem karussellartig angeordneten Magazin kombinierten Ladeautomat innerhalb eines drehbaren Panzerturmes ;
  • Figur 2 in einer Seitenansicht II von Fig. 3 die Darstellung des Panzerturmes mit Sitzanordnung der Turmbesatzung ;
  • Figur 3 in einer Draufsicht den Panzerturm mit karussellartig angeordnetem Magazin und einer beidseitig der Rohrwaffe angeordneten Sitzordnung der Turmbesatzung ;
  • Figur 4 in einer Schnittdarstellung entlang der in Fig. 1 angegebenen Fläche IV-IV einen direkten hochschwenkbaren Ladeautomat ;
  • Figur 5 in einer Schnittdarstellung entlang der in Fig. 4 angegebenen Fläche V-V den Antriebsquerschnitt eines Wellenansatzes des Ladeautomaten ;
  • Figur 6 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Figur angegebenen Fläche VI-VI den Querschnitt einer entkoppelbaren Antriebsklaue ;
  • Figur 7 in einer Seitenansicht VII von Fig. 8 die Darstellung des Panzerturmes mit stehend im Magazin angeordneten Geschossen ;
  • Figur 8 in einer Draufsicht den Panzerturm mit Anordnung eines auf der einen Seite der Rohrwaffe befindlichen Bandmagazins und einer auf der anderen Seite der Rohrwaffe sitzenden Besatzung sowie einer vom Magazin hochschwenkbaren Zuführeinrichtung ;
  • Figur 9 in einer Schnittdarstellung entlang der in Fig. 8 dargestellten Fläche IX-IX die Zuführeinrichtung in ladebereiter Stellung ;
  • Figur 10 in einer teilweise geschnittenen Darstellung der in Fig. 8 angegebenen Ansicht X die in zwei Ebenen schwenkbare Zuführeinrichtung.
It shows:
  • 1 shows a cross-section along the area II shown in FIG. 3 a loading machine combined with a carousel-like magazine within a rotatable armored turret;
  • Figure 2 is a side view II of Figure 3, the representation of the tank tower with the seating arrangement of the tower crew;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the tank tower with a carousel-like magazine and a seating arrangement of the tower crew arranged on both sides of the barrel weapon;
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional illustration along the surface IV-IV shown in FIG. 1, a direct automatic swiveling loading machine;
  • FIG. 5 shows the drive cross section of a shaft attachment of the automatic loading device in a sectional illustration along the area VV indicated in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 shows the cross section of a decouplable drive claw in a cross section along the area VI-VI shown in FIG.
  • Figure 7 is a side view VII of Figure 8, the representation of the tank tower with bullets arranged standing in the magazine;
  • FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the armored turret with an arrangement of a band magazine located on one side of the barrel weapon and a crew sitting on the other side of the barrel weapon as well as a feed device which can be swiveled up by the magazine;
  • FIG. 9 shows the feed device in the ready-to-load position in a sectional illustration along the surface IX-IX shown in FIG. 8;
  • Figure 10 is a partially sectioned view of the view X shown in Fig. 8, the feed device pivotable in two planes.

Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen innerhalb eines drehbar in der Fahrzeugwanne 5 gelagerten Panzerturmes 3 einen aus einem Magazin 1 und einer Zuführeinrichtung 16 kombinierten Ladeautomat für eine Rohrwaffe 13. Die Rohrwaffe 13 ist dabei mittig in einem außenliegenden Waffenschacht 36 des Panzerturmes 3 angeordnet und wird von einer bekannten turmfesten Wiegenlagerung 58 und einem bekannten Höhenrichtzylinder 59 gehalten. Durch den Waffenschacht 36 wird eine Einflußnahme der Rohrwaffe 13 auf die äußere Turmhöhe a deshalb verhindert, weil bei einer Schwenkbewegung der zurücklaufenden Rohrwaffe 13 innerhalb des um den Schildzapfen 60 der Wiegenlagerung 58 durch den Höhenrichtzylinder 59 schwenkbaren Winkelbereichs a das Bodenstück 54 der Rohrwaffe 13 aus der Turmkontur austreten kann. Ein durch den Waffenschacht 36 in zwei Hälften geteilter Mannschaftsraum 6 ist zur direkten Kontaktaufnahme zwischen dem Kommandanten und dem Richtschützen über einen unterhalb des Waffenschachtes 36 angeordneten Kommunikationstunnel 42 miteinander verbunden. Ein in der Fahrzeugwanne 5 an sich bekanntes Turmlager 61 zentriert den von der Fahrzeugwanne 5 aufgenommenen Bereich b des Panzerturmes 3 und stützt gleichzeitig den äußeren Bereich a des Panzerturmes 3 ab, wobei durch einen nicht dargestellten Antrieb der Panzerturm 3 um die Mittenachse 27 drehbar ist.FIGS. 1 to 3 show, within a tank tower 3 rotatably mounted in the vehicle trough 5, a loading machine for a tube weapon 13 combined from a magazine 1 and a feed device 16. The tube weapon 13 is arranged centrally in an external weapon shaft 36 of the armored tower 3 and is by a known tower-fixed cradle bearing 58 and a known height adjusting cylinder 59. The weapon shaft 36 prevents the tubular weapon 13 from influencing the outer turret height a because, when the returning tubular weapon 13 swivels within the angular range a pivotable about the shield pin 60 of the cradle bearing 58 by the leveling cylinder 59, the base piece 54 of the tubular weapon 13 from the Tower contour can emerge. A crew room 6 divided into two halves by the weapon shaft 36 is connected to one another for direct contact between the commander and the gunner via a communication tunnel 42 arranged below the weapon shaft 36. A tower bearing 61 known per se in the vehicle trough 5 centers the area b of the tank turret 3 accommodated by the vehicle trough 5 and at the same time supports the outer area a of the tank turret 3, the turret 3 being rotatable about the central axis 27 by a drive (not shown).

Innerhalb des Höhenbereichs a ist der Panzerturm 3 mit Beobachtungs- und Zieleinrichtungen 55, Ein- und Ausstiegsluken 56 sowie einem Blenden-Maschinengewehr 57 und einem weiteren nicht dargestellten Maschinengewehr ausgerüstet, deren Funktionen jedoch nicht erfindungsrelevant sind und deshalb darüber eine nähere Beschreibung entbehrlich ist. Separate vorgezogene Blenden 62 des Turmmaulbereiches ermöglichen beidseitig der Rohrwaffe 13 unter Erzielung eines Rundumschutzes der Lagerung des Schildzapfens 60 die Anordnung des Blenden-Maschinengewehrs 57 und eines mechanisch an die Rohrwaffe 13 gekoppelten Hilfszielfernrohres 63 für den Richtschützen. Die insgesamt in dem Winkelbereich (a + y) um die Wiegenlagerung 58 höhenrichtbare Rohrwaffe 13 nimmt unter einem Erhöhungswinkel β eine für den Ladevorgang notwendige Indexstellung 14 ein. In dieser Stellung 14 ist der Laderaum 12 der Rohrwaffe 13 nach Freigabe des Fallkeilverschlusses 31 für die Aufnahme eines neuen einschubbereiten Geschosses 15 durch einen auf der verlängerten Rohrseelenachse 51 angeordneten Ansetzer 64 bereit. Der Ansetzer 64 ist wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt als Kettenansetzer innerhalb des Höhenbereichs a über nicht dargestellte Befestigungselemente am Panzerturm 3 befestigt. Das Geschoß 15 ruht in der Ladestellung 14 auf einer Ladeschale 8 der Zuführeinrichtung 16.Within the height range a, the armored turret 3 is equipped with observation and aiming devices 55, entry and exit hatches 56, as well as an aperture machine gun 57 and a further machine gun, not shown, the functions of which are not relevant to the invention, however, and a detailed description is therefore unnecessary. Separate front panels 62 of the turret mouth area enable the arrangement of the aperture machine gun 57 and a mechanically coupled aid to the tube weapon 13 on both sides of the barrel weapon 13 while achieving all-round protection of the mounting of the shield journal 60 rifle scope 63 for the gunner. The tube weapon 13, which can be adjusted in height in the angular range (a + y) around the cradle bearing 58, assumes an index position 14 necessary for the loading process at an elevation angle β. In this position 14, the loading space 12 of the barrel weapon 13 is ready for receiving a new projectile 15 ready for insertion by a piecing device 64 arranged on the elongated barrel core axis 51 after the fall wedge lock 31 has been released. As shown in FIG. 4, the piecing device 64 is attached to the armored turret 3 as a chain piecing device within the height range a via fastening elements, not shown. The projectile 15 rests in the loading position 14 on a charging cradle 8 of the feed device 16.

Die Zuführeinrichtung 16 ist im Höhenbereich a des Panzerturmes 3 um eine Welle 22 schwenkbar, wobei die Welle 22 horizontal in einem Lagerbock 26 eines am Turm 3 befestigten Lagers 28 gelagert ist. Das Lager 28 besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei ringartig ausgebildeten Lagerhälften, wobei eine Lagerhälfte mit einer im Bereich des Turmlagers 61 an den Panzerturm 3 angeschlossenen, in den Höhenbereich b hineinreichenden und rohrartig ausgebildeten Halterung 29 verbunden ist, und auf dem Umfang der anderen Lagerhälfte nebeneinander verteilt die Lagerböcke 26 der Zuführeinrichtungen 16 fest angeschlossen sind. Über einen nicht dargestellten Drehantrieb des Lagers 28 sind die in den als Zuführeinrichtungen 16 ausgebildeten Munitionsbehältern 25 hängend angeordneten Geschosse 15 karussellartig um die Mittenachse 27 drehbar, wodurch das derartig ausgebildete Magazin 1 unabhängig von der Drehbewegung des Panzerturmes 3 eine Geschoßentnahmestellung 10 einnehmen kann. In der Geschoßentnahmestellung 10 ist das Geschoß 15 durch den auch als Ladeschale 8 und Zuführeinrichtung 16 ausgebildeten Munitionsbehälter 25 mittels eines in Fig. 4 näher beschriebenen Antriebes 18 direkt in die ladebereite Stellung 14, die in den Bereich 30 des Keilverschlusses 31 hineinreicht, von unten hochschwenkbar.The feed device 16 can be pivoted about a shaft 22 in the height region a of the armored turret 3, the shaft 22 being mounted horizontally in a bearing block 26 of a bearing 28 fastened to the turret 3. The bearing 28 consists essentially of two ring-shaped bearing halves, one bearing half being connected to a holder 29 connected to the armored turret 3 in the region of the tower bearing 61, reaching into the height region b and extending in the manner of a tube, and distributed next to one another on the circumference of the other bearing half the bearing blocks 26 of the feed devices 16 are firmly connected. Via a rotary drive of the bearing 28, not shown, the projectiles 15, which are suspended in the ammunition containers 25 designed as feed devices 16, can be rotated in a carousel-like manner about the central axis 27, as a result of which the magazine 1 designed in this way can assume a projectile removal position 10 independently of the rotary movement of the armored turret 3. In the projectile removal position 10, the projectile 15 can be pivoted upwards from below by the ammunition container 25, which is also designed as a charging shell 8 and a feed device 16, by means of a drive 18 described in more detail in FIG. 4, into the position 14 ready for loading, which extends into the region 30 of the wedge lock 31 .

Innerhalb des Panzerturmes 3 und den inneren Bereich b der Fahrzeugwanne 5 begrenzend, ist der geteilte Mannschaftsraum 6 gegenüber dem Magazin 1 durch eine Schottwand 37 nach außen abgesichert, wodurch insbesondere der Turmbesatzung bei Munitionsbrand und bei Verpuffung von Munition Schutz geboten wird. Im äußeren Bereich 38 der den Ansetzer 64 und den Antrieb 18 (Fig. 4) umgebenden Schottwand 37 ist ein Gelenkantrieb 40 eines in den Waffenschacht 36 einfahrbaren und hochschwenkbaren Hülsenräumers 39 angeordnet. Bei größeren Erhöhungen der um einen Bereich c zurücklaufenden Rohrwaffe 13 fallen die Hülsen 41 nach einem erfolgten Schuß in den in Bodennähe des Waffenschachtes 36 aufnahmebereiten Hülsenräumer 39, der vor jedem Ladevorgang durch den Gelenkantrieb 40 zum Außstoßen der leeren Hülse 41 in den Heckbereich des Panzerturmes 3 hochgeschwenkt wird. Nach Beendigung des Ladevorganges fährt der Hülsenräumer 39 wieder in Ausgangsposition, wobei die hintere Wand 44 des Hülsenräumers 39 und eine wegschwenkbare Klappe 45 eine Magazinluke 46 schließen, durch die bei weggeschwenktem Hülsenräumer 39 und Klappe 45 die Zuführeinrichtung 16 zum Laden eines neuen Geschosses 15 in die Richtungen 24 schwenkbar ist.Within the armored turret 3 and delimiting the inner area b of the vehicle trough 5, the divided crew compartment 6 is secured to the outside of the magazine 1 by a bulkhead 37, which in particular protects the turret crew in the event of ammunition fire and ammunition deflagration. In the outer area 38 of the bulkhead 37 surrounding the piecing 64 and the drive 18 (FIG. 4), an articulated drive 40 of a sleeve clearer 39 which can be retracted and swiveled into the weapon shaft 36 is arranged. With larger increases in the barrel weapon 13 returning to an area c, after a shot has been fired, the sleeves 41 fall into the sleeve clearer 39, which is ready to receive near the bottom of the weapon shaft 36 and which, before each loading operation, is driven by the articulated drive 40 to eject the empty sleeve 41 into the rear area of the tank tower 3 is swung up. After the loading process has ended, the case clearer 39 moves back into the starting position, the rear wall 44 of the case clearer 39 and a pivotable flap 45 closing a magazine hatch 46 through which, when the case clearer 39 and the flap 45 are pivoted away, the feed device 16 for loading a new projectile 15 into the Directions 24 is pivotable.

Der für einen direkten Kontakt zwischen dem Richtschützen und dem Komandanten vorgesehene Kommunikationstunnel 42 des Mannschaftsraumes 6 ist für einen unter Panzerschutz durchführbaren Notausstieg über den Waffenschacht 36 mit einer entfernbaren Luke 43 ausgerüstet.The communication tunnel 42 of the team room 6, which is provided for direct contact between the gunner and the commander, is equipped with a removable hatch 43 for an emergency exit via armored weapon 36 which can be carried out under armored protection.

Fig. 4 zeigt den Antrieb 18 der Zuführeinrichtung 16, den Ansetzer 64 und den Antrieb 65 für den Hülsenräumer 39 (Fig. 1). In der GeschoßEntnahmestellung 10 des Magazins 1 nimmt der Antrieb 18, der um eine senkrecht und turmfest angeordnete Achse 34 schwenkbar ist, eine formschlüssige Verbindung mit einem einseitig hervorstehenden Ansatz 32 der Welle 22 ein, wodurch die Ladeschale 8 mit dem Geschoß 15 in ladebereite Stellung 14 (Fig. 1) hochschwenkbar und in die Entnahmestellung 10 zurückschwenkbar ist. Das Profil des Ansatzes 32 kann dabei entsprechend Fig. 5 beidseitig flach ausgebildet sein, wobei eine darüber schiebbare Klaue 33 des Antriebes 18 entsprechend Fig. 6 einen mittigen parallel verlaufenden Schlitz aufweist. Der Antrieb 18 nimmt während des kreisförmigen Weitertransportes der Munitionsbehälter 25 um die Mittenachse 27 des Magazins 1 eine in Richtung 35 aus der formschlüssigen Verbindung mit dem Ansatz 32 ausgeschwenkte Stellung ein. In ladebereiter Stellung 14 (Fig. 1) wird das Geschoß 15 durch den als Kettenansetzer ausgebildeten Ansetzer 64 in den Laderaum 12 (Fig. 1) transportiert. Die Ketten des Kettenansetzers werden in zurückgezogener Stellung von den Kettenführungen 66 aufgenommen.Fig. 4 shows the drive 18 of the feed device 16, the piecing 64 and the drive 65 for the sleeve clearer 39 (Fig. 1). In the projectile removal position 10 of the magazine 1, the drive 18, which can be pivoted about an axis 34 arranged in a vertical and tower-fixed manner, assumes a positive connection with a projection 32 of the shaft 22 projecting on one side, as a result of which the charging cradle 8 with the projectile 15 in the position 14 ready for loading (Fig. 1) can be swiveled up and swung back into the removal position 10. 5, the profile of the extension 32 can be flat on both sides, a claw 33 of the drive 18, which can be pushed over it, according to FIG. 6 having a central, parallel slot. During the circular transport of the ammunition container 25 about the central axis 27 of the magazine 1, the drive 18 assumes a position pivoted out in the direction 35 from the positive connection with the attachment 32. In the position 14 ready for loading (FIG. 1), the projectile 15 is transported into the loading space 12 (FIG. 1) by the piecing attachment 64 designed as a chain attachment. The chains of the chain applicator are taken up by the chain guides 66 in the retracted position.

Eine weitere Ausführungsvariante eines mit einem endlosen und senkrecht angeordneten Magazins 2 und einer Zuführeinrichtung 17 ausgerüsteten Ladeautomaten, der innerhalb eines drehbar in der Fahrzeugwanne 5 gelagerten Panzerturmes 4 einer Rohrwaffe 13 angeordnet ist, wird in den Fig. 7 bis 9 verdeutlicht. Innerhalb eines geschlossenen Panzerturmes 4 ist die Rohrwaffe 13 in dem Winkelbereich (a + y) um die Wiegenlagerung 58 durch den Höhenrichtzylinder 59 höhenrichtbar, wobei die für den Ladevorgang notwendige Indexstellung 14, wie bereits in Fig. 1 angegeben, unter einem Erhöhungswinkel β einnehmbar ist. Der Turm ist dabei derartig ausgebildet, daß die um den Bereich c zurücklaufende Rohrwaffe 13 in einer geneigten Stellung innerhalb des Winkelbereichs a nicht das Turmdach berührt. Der Panzerturm 4 enthält ebenfalls die in Fig. 3 bereits gekennzeichneten Beobachtungs- und Zieleinrichtungen 55 und 63 sowie eine Luke 56, nur mit dem Unterschied, daß dieser Einrichtungen alle auf einer Seite der Rohrwaffe 13 angeordnet sind. Die aus dem Komandanten und dem Richtschützen bestehende Turmbesatzung sitzt ebenfalls einseitig, jedoch hintereinander in dem Mannschaftsraum 7. Auf der der Turmbesatzung gegenüberliegenden Seite der Rohrwaffe 13 ist innerhalb des äußeren Turmbereichs a und des inneren Bereichs b der Fahrzeugwanne 5 ein aus zwei parallel nebeneinander in kreisförmig verlaufenden Bahnen bestehendes Bandmagazin 2 angeordnet. Die senkrecht im Bandmagazin 2 stehenden Geschosse 15 sind von einer Magazinhülle umgeben. Die Magazinhülle bietet als Kunststoffgehäuse mit der Schottwand 48 gegenüber dem Mannschaftsraum 7 einen vergrößerten Schutz gegenüber brennender Munition. Am heckseitigen Wendepunkt 47 der Magazinhülle ist die Entnahmestelle 11 angeordnet, aus der die mit der Zuführeinrichtung 17 verbunde Ladeschale 9 die Geschosse 15 über eine Zwischenposition 52 von unten bis in die in den Bereich 30 des Keilverschlusses 31 hineinreichende Ladestellung 14 ausschließlich schwenkbeweglich transportiert. Die Geschosse 15 werden innerhalb des Bandmagazins 2 von einem nicht dargestellten Antrieb weitertransportiert und aus der Entnahmestellung 11 in Richtung 53 und anschließend in Richtung 24 durch die in Fig. 10 dargestellten Antriebe 20, 21 und 19 geschwenkt. Dabei wird die in vertikaler Richtung 24 verlaufende automatische Schwenkbewegung des Geschosses 15, welches in einer mit einem Schwenkhebel 49 der Zuführeinrichtung 17 verbundenen Ladeschale 9 gehalten wird, durch Drehung des Schwenkhebels 49 um eine horizontal im Höhenbereich a des Panzerturmes 4 gelagerte Welle 23 entweder durch einen an den Schwenkhebel 49 angeschlossenen Geradzugantrieb 20 oder durch einen an die Welle 23 anschließbaren Drehantrieb 21 (Fig. 10) in Richtung 24 gesteuert. Die Welle 23 ist in einem turmfesten Lagerbock 67 gelagert, der vorteilhaft zur Durchführung der für den Ladevorgang notwendigen Schwenkbewegungen zwischen dem Bandmagazin 2 und dem Keilverschluß 31 seitlich neben der Rohrwaffe 13 angeordnet ist. Der Lagerbock 67 kann dabei entweder eine hydraulische Kolbenzylindereinheit als Geradzugantrieb 20 oder in einer nicht dargestellten Befestigungsart den Antrieb 21 (Fig. 10) aufnehmen. In eingenommener Ladestellung 14 ist das Geschoß 15 durch den bereits beschriebenen turmfesten Ansetzer 64 in den Laderaum 12 (Fig. 1) transportierbar.A further embodiment variant of a loading machine equipped with an endless and vertically arranged magazine 2 and a feed device 17, which is arranged within a turret 4 of a tubular weapon 13 rotatably mounted in the vehicle trough 5, is illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9. Within a closed armored turret 4, the barrel weapon 13 can be adjusted in height in the angular range (a + y) around the cradle bearing 58 by the leveling cylinder 59, the index position 14 required for the loading process, as already indicated in FIG. 1, being assimilable at an elevation angle β . The tower is designed in such a way that the barrel weapon 13 returning around area c does not touch the tower roof in an inclined position within the angular area a. The armored turret 4 also contains the observation and targeting devices 55 and 63 already marked in FIG. 3 and a hatch 56, with the only difference that these devices are all arranged on one side of the barrel weapon 13. The best of the commander and the gunner The existing tower crew is also seated on one side, but one behind the other in the crew room 7. On the side of the barrel weapon 13 opposite the tower crew, a band magazine 2 is arranged inside the outer turret area a and the inner area b of the vehicle trough 5 and consists of two parallel circular tracks. The floors 15 standing vertically in the band magazine 2 are surrounded by a magazine cover. The magazine cover as a plastic housing with the bulkhead 48 compared to the crew room 7 offers increased protection against burning ammunition. At the rear-side turning point 47 of the magazine cover, the removal point 11 is arranged, from which the charging cradle 9 connected to the feed device 17 transports the projectiles 15 via an intermediate position 52 from below to the loading position 14 reaching into the area 30 of the wedge lock 31, only pivotably. The projectiles 15 are transported further within the band magazine 2 by a drive (not shown) and are pivoted out of the removal position 11 in the direction 53 and then in the direction 24 by the drives 20, 21 and 19 shown in FIG. 10. The automatic pivoting movement of the projectile 15, which is held in a charging cradle 9 connected to a pivoting lever 49 of the feed device 17, runs in the vertical direction 24 by rotating the pivoting lever 49 about a shaft 23 mounted horizontally in the height range a of the armored turret 4, either by a straight-line drive 20 connected to the pivot lever 49 or controlled in the direction 24 by a rotary drive 21 (FIG. 10) which can be connected to the shaft 23. The shaft 23 is mounted in a tower-fixed bearing block 67, which is advantageously arranged laterally next to the barrel weapon 13 to carry out the swiveling movements necessary for the loading process between the band magazine 2 and the wedge lock 31. The bearing block 67 can either accommodate a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit as a straight-line drive 20 or the drive 21 (FIG. 10) in a type of fastening (not shown). In the loaded loading position 14, the projectile 15 can be transported into the loading space 12 (FIG. 1) by the tower-fixed attachment 64 already described.

In Fig. 10 ist die um die Welle 23 schwenkbare Zuführeinrichtung 17 mit einer um den Schwenkhebel 49 der Zuführeinrichtung 17 schwenkbaren Ladeschale 9 dargestellt, wobei das Geschoß 15 in zwei senkrecht zueinander stehenden Ebenen aus der Entnahmestellung 11 (Fig. 8) in die einschubbereite Stellung 14 (Fig. 9) schwenkbar ist. Der Schwenkhebel 49 ist dabei direkt über die durch den Drehantrieb 21 verbundene Welle 23 oder durch eine vom Antrieb 20 um die Welle 23 iniziierte Drehbewegung um die Welle 23 vertikal schwenkbar. Mit dem Schwenkhebel 49 ist ein Antrieb 19 und eine von ihm antreibbare Welle 50 verbunden, an der formschlüssig die Ladeschale 9 angeschlossen ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, daß die Ladeschale 9 zur Einnahme der Zwischenposition 52 durch den Antrieb 19 aus der Entnahmestellung 11 (Fig. 8) seitlich um die Welle 50 herum schwenkbar ist, und die Ladeschale 9 aus der Zwischenposition 52 anschließend in ladebereite Stellung 14 (Fig. 9) hochschwenkbar ist.FIG. 10 shows the feed device 17 which can be pivoted about the shaft 23 with a charging cradle 9 which can be pivoted about the pivot lever 49 of the feed device 17, the projectile 15 being in two mutually perpendicular planes from the removal position 11 (FIG. 8) to the position ready for insertion 14 (Fig. 9) is pivotable. The pivot lever 49 can be pivoted vertically directly about the shaft 23 connected by the rotary drive 21 or by a rotary movement initiated by the drive 20 about the shaft 23. A drive 19 and a shaft 50 which can be driven by it are connected to the pivot lever 49, to which the charging cradle 9 is positively connected. This makes it possible for the charging cradle 9 to be swiveled laterally around the shaft 50 to take the intermediate position 52 by the drive 19 from the removal position 11 (FIG. 8), and for the charging cradle 9 then to be in the ready-to-load position 14 from the intermediate position 52 ( Fig. 9) can be swiveled up.

Die Antriebe der Richtanlage von Rohrwaffe 13 und Panzerturm 3, 4 sowie die Antriebe des automatischen Laders sind vorzugsweise mit hydraulischen Antriebsaggregaten ausgerüstet. wodurch besonders vorteilhaft bei hoher Leistung kleine raumsparende Baugruppen (Zylinder, Motor) entstehen. Zur Vermeidung einer eventuellen Brandgefahr kann dabei als Übertragungsmedium eine nicht brennbare Flüssigkeit eingesetzt werden.The drives of the straightening system of barrel weapon 13 and armored turret 3, 4 and the drives of the automatic loader are preferably equipped with hydraulic drive units. which is particularly advantageous for small, space-saving components (cylinders, engines) with high performance. To avoid a possible fire hazard, a non-flammable liquid can be used as the transmission medium.

Durch die tief in der Fahrzeugwanne senkrecht gelagerten Geschosse innerhalb des mit der raumsparenden Zuführeinrichtung als Ladeautomat kombinierten Magazins, ergibt sich neben einer geringen Trefferwahrscheinlichkeit weiter vorteilhaft ein verbesserter Mannschaftsschutz, eine kleine Turmsilhouette, die besonders flach und kurz ausgeführt ist, und eine kurzzeitige automatische Transportmöglichkeit der Geschosse aus dem Magazin in ladebereite Stellung einer vorzugsweise auf einem Radkampfwagen angeordneten großkalibrigen Rohrwaffe.Due to the storeys located vertically deep in the vehicle trough within the magazine combined with the space-saving feeding device as a loading machine, in addition to a low chance of being hit, there is also an improved team protection, a small tower silhouette, which is particularly flat and short, and a short-term automatic transport option Projectiles from the magazine in the ready-to-load position of a large-caliber barrel weapon preferably arranged on a chariot.

Claims (5)

1. Loading device for an armoured vehicle for feeding projectiles (15) from a vertical magazine into position (14) ready for insertion into a loading chamber (12) of a large-calibre barrel weapon (13), the projectiles (15) being positioned within the exterior elevation range (a) of the armoured turret (3, 4) and within the internal elevation range (b) of the vehicle cavity (5) with at least one loading tray (8, 9) which is connected with a feed device (16, 17) pivotable about a horizontally positioned bearing in order to enable the projectile (15) to assume, from a projectile-withdrawal position (10, 11), the position in which it is ready to be inserted into the loading chamber (12) of the barrel weapon (13), characterized by the fact that the bearing for the feed device (16, 18) is positioned on a bearing pedestal (26, 27) and includes a shaft (22, 23) controlled from a drive (18, 21) to effect pivotal movement of the feed device (16, 17), either the shaft (22) being connected with a loading tray (8) constructed as a feed device (16) and as an ammunition container (25) and secured in the bearing pedestal (26) of an annular bearing (28) which is mounted on the armoured turret (3) and rotatable about the vertical median axis (27) of the armoured turret (3) and associated with an automatically operable endless magazine (1) separated from the crew compartment (7) by a bulkhead partition (37), as a result of which the ammunition containers (25) or loading trays (8) are mounted side by side around the periphery of the bearing (28), with a feed device (16) of the projectiles (15) direct from the vertically secured withdrawal positon (10) into the position (14) ready for insertion into the loading chamber (12) of a rammer (64) known per se, vertically pivotable inwards in the direction (24) of the median axis (27) of the armoured turret (3), or the shaft (23) mounted in the bearing pedestal (67) is drivably connected with a rocking lever (49) and to which is coupled a loading tray (9) automatically pivotable around a further drive (19), as a result of which the loading tray (9) performs an exclusively pivotal movement about a shaft (50) situated parallel to the rocking lever (49) and about the shaft (23) positioned in the bearing pedestal (67), in order to assume the position (14) ready for insertion into the loading chamber (12), for the transport of the vertically stored projectiles (15) from a withdrawal point (11) provided on the rear turning point (47) of an endless band magazine (2) separated from the crew compartment (6) by a bulkhead partition (48) positioned around the median axis of the turret (4) and comprising two parallel tracks taking a circular course.
2. Loading device in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that each bearing pedestal (26) of shaft (22), in the internal elevation range (b) of the vehicle cavity (5), is secured to the armoured turret (3) via a tubular mounting support (29) of the bearing (28), and the fact that the position selected for the shaft (22) on the bearing pedestal (26) in the external elevation range (a) of the armoured turret (3) enables the projectile (15) to be directly pivoted onto the barrel bore axis (51) into the range (30) of the wedge-type breech lock (31), while the bearing pedestals (26) ensure a space-saving arrangement for the magazine (1).
3. Automatic loading device in accordance with Claims 1 and 2, characterized by the following features :
a) The shaft (22) of the feed device (16) is provided with an attachment (32) projecting to one side.
b) A drivable claw (33) of the drive (18) forms, together with the attachment (32), a disconnectable interlocking connection.
c) The drive (18) during the rotatory movement of the magazine about the median axis (27), is pivotable outwards about a vertical shaft (34) in the direction (35), in order to release the connection between the claw (33) and the attachment (32).
4. Automatic loading device in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized by the following features :
a) At the rear the armoured turret (3) is provided with a weapon compartment (36), in the zone of the insertable position (24) of the projectile (15), which zone includes the zone (c) of the recoiling barrel weapon (13).
b) The weapon compartment (38) is subdivided into two equal separate crew compartments (6), laterally delimited by the weapon compartment (36).
c) The separate crew compartments (6) formed by the weapon compartment (36) are separated from the magazine (1) by the bulkhead partition (37) and are interconnected by a communication tunnel.(42) situated underneath the barrel weapon (13), while a removable hatch (43) is provided in the said communication tunnel (42) and forms an emergency exit into the weapon compartment (36).
d) The outer zone (38) of the bulkhead partition (37) surrounding the drive (18) and the magazine (1) contains a case ejector (39) which can be moved into the weapon compartment (36) and by which the empty cases (41) can be expelled from the range of the armoured turret (3) via an articulated drive (40).
e) The rear wall (44) of the case ejector (39) and a pivotable flap (45) are constructed as a magazine hatch (46) in such a way that after the case ejector (39) and the flap (45) have been pivoted out of the way the feed device (16) can be pivoted upwards into the position (14).
5. Loading device in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the pivoting movement of the loading tray (9) connected with the feed device (17), from the withdrawal position (11) into the insertion-ready position (14) of the projectile (15) takes place in two planes at right angles to each other, one plane being generated by the pivoting movement of the loading tray (9), about the shaft (50) positioned on the rocking lever (49), from the withdrawal position (11) into an intermediate position (52), while the other plane is formed by the pivoting movement which is performed by the rocking lever (49) of the feed device (17) about the shaft (23) and generated by the insertion-ready position extending from the rotary drive (21) or a linear action drive (20) in the direction (24) from the intermediate position (52) into the zone (30) of the wedge-type breech block (3).
EP84105873A 1983-06-03 1984-05-23 Automatic loading device for an armoured vehicle with rotatable armoured turret Expired EP0141900B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833320241 DE3320241A1 (en) 1983-06-03 1983-06-03 AUTOMATIC CHARGER FOR A TANK VEHICLE WITH TURNTABLE TANK
DE3320241 1983-06-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0141900A1 EP0141900A1 (en) 1985-05-22
EP0141900B1 true EP0141900B1 (en) 1987-07-29

Family

ID=6200662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84105873A Expired EP0141900B1 (en) 1983-06-03 1984-05-23 Automatic loading device for an armoured vehicle with rotatable armoured turret

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US (1) US4632011A (en)
EP (1) EP0141900B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3320241A1 (en)

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US4860633A (en) * 1985-10-04 1989-08-29 Fmc Corporation Autoloader for military vehicle
US4700609A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-10-20 Fmc Corporation Autoloader for military vehicle
US4823676A (en) * 1985-10-04 1989-04-25 Fmc Corporation Autoloader for military vehicle
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DE3627042A1 (en) * 1986-08-09 1988-02-11 Kuka Wehrtechnik Gmbh DEVICE FOR LOADING GUNS, IN PARTICULAR HOWBOWS
DE3722353A1 (en) * 1987-07-07 1989-01-19 Kuka Wehrtechnik Gmbh FIGHTING VEHICLE
DE3826652A1 (en) * 1988-08-05 1990-02-08 Rheinmetall Gmbh ADVANCE LOCKING DEVICE
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DE3908346A1 (en) * 1989-03-15 1990-09-20 Wegmann & Co ELEVATION STORAGE FOR A LARGE-CALIBRED TUBE ARM ARRANGED IN A TANK TOWER
DE4115283C2 (en) * 1991-05-10 1996-02-22 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Redundant ammunition flow device
US5223663A (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-29 General Electric Co. Automated ammunition handling system
US20070006724A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2007-01-11 Strong Russell W A mobile gunner station
DE102007041294B4 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-12-17 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh ammunition storage
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US9689633B1 (en) 2015-12-22 2017-06-27 Christopher Andrew Plate Magazine loader
US10598455B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2020-03-24 Plate Llc Magazine ammunition loader
US9618286B1 (en) 2015-09-29 2017-04-11 Christopher Andrew Plate Ammunition magazine loader
FR3052247B1 (en) * 2016-06-03 2019-08-02 Nexter Systems CANON TURRET COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE AMMUNITION STORE AND AMMUNITION CASE FOR EQUIPPING SUCH A STORE

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3320241A1 (en) 1984-12-06
US4632011A (en) 1986-12-30
EP0141900A1 (en) 1985-05-22
DE3465144D1 (en) 1987-09-03

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