EP0100188A2 - Kombinierte Trocknungs- und Vergasungsanlage - Google Patents

Kombinierte Trocknungs- und Vergasungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0100188A2
EP0100188A2 EP83304137A EP83304137A EP0100188A2 EP 0100188 A2 EP0100188 A2 EP 0100188A2 EP 83304137 A EP83304137 A EP 83304137A EP 83304137 A EP83304137 A EP 83304137A EP 0100188 A2 EP0100188 A2 EP 0100188A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasification
gas
drying
oxygen
water vapor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP83304137A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0100188A3 (de
Inventor
Amelio Cpc Europe Limited Cicuttini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilever Bestfoods North America
Original Assignee
Unilever Bestfoods North America
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever Bestfoods North America filed Critical Unilever Bestfoods North America
Publication of EP0100188A2 publication Critical patent/EP0100188A2/de
Publication of EP0100188A3 publication Critical patent/EP0100188A3/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combined system for the drying of wet materials and the gasification of a fossil fuel.
  • the present invention comprises a combined system which comprises a drying component which will effect a drying process comprising means for providing heat to wet materials in order to evaporate at least a portion of the water contained in such materials into a gas comprising, at least in part, oxygen, and means to duct off the gas which then comprises at least oxygen and water vapor; and a gasification component comprising means to supply fossil fuel, means to supply a gas comprising at least in part oxygen and water vapor in the proportions required for gasification, means for extracting at least one fraction produced by the gasification reaction, and means for utilizing the excess heat generated by the gasification reaction; wherein at least a portion of the gas supplied to the gasification reaction is the gas generated and ducted off in the drying process.
  • Coal-fired boilers have traditionally been used to provide heat and electric power for various manufacturing processes. However, such traditional methods have, in recent years, become less satisfactory.
  • United States Patent 2,946,670 to Whaley shows a method for the gasification of solid carbonaceous fuels.
  • a dispersion of solid carbonaceous fuel in a gasiform carrier is mixed with uncombined oxygen and passed through an elongated reaction zone of restricted cross-sectional area.
  • the fuel and oxygen are reacted therein to produce gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • United States Patent 2,987,387 to Carkeek and Guptill shows a method for the production of carbon monoxide from solid fuels. This is accomplished by forming a feed mixture of solid fuel in a gasiform carrier fluid, separating a portion of that carrier fluid, reacting the solid fuel and remaining carrier fluid with oxygen and contacting the hot reactants with the separated carrier fluid effecting conversion of a portion of the carrier fluid to useful products.
  • United States Patent 3,847,563 to Archer and Keairus shows a multi-stage fluidized bed coal gasification apparatus.
  • the apparatus is intended to totally gasify coal to form a low sulphur, gaseous fuel.
  • the apparatus employs two fluidized beds. In the first bed, coal is mixed with recirculated char and dolomite or lime to remove the sulphur. The char from the first bed is then totally gasified in a second fluidized bed.
  • United States Patent 3,871,839 to Moody shows a method of feeding solid-carbonaceous material to a high temperature reaction zone.
  • the method includes forming a slurry of the carbonaceous-material in a liquid vehicle, raising the internal pressure of the slurry to the operating level of the gasifier, drying the carbonaceous material by entraining such material in a hot gas stream, then separating the carbonaceous material and feeding it to the gasifier.
  • a combined system for the drying of wet materials and the gasification of a fossil fuel which combination comprises a drying component which will effect a drying process comprising means for providing heat to wet materials in order to evaporate at least a portion of the water contained in said materials into a gas comprising, at least in part, oxygen, and means to duct off the gas which then comprises at least oxygen and water vapor; and a gasification component comprising means to supply fossil fuel, means to supply a gas comprising, at least in part, oxygen and water vapor in the proportions required for gasification, means for extracting at least one fraction produced by the gasification reaction, and means for utilizing the excess heat generated by the gasification reaction; wherein at least a portion of the gas supplied to the gasification reaction is the gas generated and ducted off the drying process.
  • drying systems required in various industrial processes will also vary a great deal. Such systems are specifically designed to accomodate considerations such as the materials to be dried and the method of heating,, as well as various limitations which might be imposed because of environmental concerns. All such drying systems will produce water vapor as an exhaust gas. Various proportions of air or other gases may be mixed with the water vapor, as well as various impurities in the form of particulate solids, liquids or gases. A large amount of heat is generally given off as well.
  • the drying system may be provided with heat by several methods, including direct contact of the heating medium with the product, indirect contact or some combination of these two applications.
  • composition of the exhaust from any of these dryers will depend on the volume of air or other gas which is used to carry off the vapors. Also, the particular material being dried and the drying temperature will determine the amount and composition of any impurities, particularly volatile impurities.
  • the water vapor content will be approximately equal to the water released by the wet materials during the drying process, and the temperature will depend on the various drying conditions.
  • the composition of the exhaust gases can usually be adjusted to maintain a desired ratio of air to water vapor.
  • a typical industrial drying operation is shown in the diagram of FIG. 1.
  • product wet material, air and steam are introduced into a drying apparatus, and dry product, steam condensate and exhaust gases are generated.
  • the exhaust gases will contain air and water vapor, it may also include any impurities removed from the product wet material, such as particulate solids, liquids or gases.
  • the amount of steam necessary to effect drying will depend on the temperature of the input air and wet materials, the moisture content of the product and thermal efficiency of the equipment.
  • the present invention combines a drying system, such as the one just described, with a gasifying system. Such a combination is most advantageous when the exhaust gases of the dryer is equivalent to the requirements of the gasification process.
  • FIG. 2 Such a gasification process is depicted in FIG. 2.
  • coal, or another fossil fuel is provided to a gasifier apparatus and converted to simple gaseous compounds, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen gas, methane and others, which are given off.
  • the gasifier shown in FIG. 2 also requires the input of water vapor and oxygen.
  • the oxygen required may be provided in the form of air or another gas containing oxygen.
  • the gasification reaction involves both endothermic and exothermic reations described more completely above.
  • the balance of energy is usually positive and part of this energy is given off in the form of steam which is, in the normal practice, recycled to the gasifier, as illustrated by the recycled stream system depicted in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 a combined dryer-gasifier is depicted.
  • the dryer component operates in the same manner as the dryer illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the gas generated and ducted off the dryer component which gas contains at least oxygen and water vapor, is fed directly into the gasification component to meet the requirements of the gasification process.
  • the excess heat generated, in the form of steam as a result of the gasification process, rather than being recycled in the manner illustrated in FIG. 2 is employed as input steam to the drying operation. Since this steam is utilized to generate the water vapor employed in gasification, it is believed that this energy is effectively conserved.
  • the output gases of the gasifier component are assumed to be intended to provide energy for the industrial process, in place of the traditional coal-fired boiler.
  • the gases therefore, can be used to fire a boiler for the production of process steam, for steam which can be used to power a turbine to produce plant electricity, or for any other use desired.
  • the gas produced by the gasifier can be produced in fractions. The fractions can be provided in one or more streams depending on the intended subsequent use.
  • a gas turbine If a gas turbine is to be powered, then it is convenient to use a two pass gasifier apparatus of the kind well known to the art. Such a gasifier would be capable of directly producing a clear gas fraction which would require very limited purification. At the same time, the gasifier would produce a top gas rich in tars and oils which would be useful in firing a furnace, or the like. Thus, each gas fraction may be employed for a separate use.
  • a combined dryer gasifier could be employed in the corn wet milling industry in the following manner. Assuming a hypothetical grind of one thousand (1000) tons per day of corn having a fifteen percent (15%) moisture content, the corn wet milling process would be expected to yield approximately the following products:
  • Total removal requirements for Fiber Second Drying and Steepwater 62 tons/day or 0.062 tons of water per ton of commercial grind (15% moisture).
  • a two-stage gasifier has been developed by IGI S.p.A. in Italy. This gasifier is said to provide a final gas mixture (top and clear or bottom gas, excluding tars and oils) having the following composition:
  • IGI has given the following values for the gasifier's thermal efficiencies:
  • the caloric value of the output gas is given as 1543 kilocalories per normal cubic meter (Kcal/Nm 3 ). This data is for gasification of sub-bituminous coal with a low caloric value (LCV) of 6700 kilocalories per kilogram (Kcal/kg), using air and steam. Output gases with higher caloric values would be obtained if oxygen enriched gas were to be used instead of air.
  • the amount of steam produced and air used in a gasifier of 4 tons per hour (t/h) coal capacity is as indicated in the following balance for cold pure gas equivalent and starting from a type of coal having 6,700 Kcal/kg of LHV:
  • the requirements for the operation of one gasifier at a rate of four tons of coal per hour can be completely supplied by, for example, the water vapor produced by the fiber predrying operation at daily grind rate of 280 tons per day.
  • the preferred use of the present invention would be in utilizing the water vapor released in the second drying of the Fiber and the Steepwater. These are the drying areas which have the greatest problem with the emission of impurities, and therefore require the greatest amount of anti-pollution treatment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP83304137A 1982-07-26 1983-07-15 Kombinierte Trocknungs- und Vergasungsanlage Ceased EP0100188A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08221593A GB2124648B (en) 1982-07-26 1982-07-26 Combined dryer/gasifier
GB8221593 1982-07-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0100188A2 true EP0100188A2 (de) 1984-02-08
EP0100188A3 EP0100188A3 (de) 1984-11-21

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Family Applications (1)

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EP83304137A Ceased EP0100188A3 (de) 1982-07-26 1983-07-15 Kombinierte Trocknungs- und Vergasungsanlage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0100188A3 (de)
BR (1) BR8303770A (de)
GB (1) GB2124648B (de)
ZA (1) ZA834241B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0148422A2 (de) * 1983-12-20 1985-07-17 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Vergasung fester Brennstoffe
GR20090100112A (el) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-24 Διονυσιος Χοϊδας Διαταξη παραγωγης καυσιμων αεριων απο συνεργαζομενες μοναδες αεριοποιησης και ξηρανσης
EP2940105A4 (de) * 2012-12-26 2016-09-28 Sk Innovation Co Ltd Kombinierte gasifizierungsanlage für kohlenstoffhaltigen brennstoff mit einem pneumatischen fördertrockner

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE494532C (de) * 1927-10-27 1930-03-25 Julius Pintsch Akt Ges Verfahren zur stetigen Erzeugung von Wassergas aus feuchtem Brennstoff
DE561446C (de) * 1930-04-13 1932-10-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung von stickstoffarmem Starkgas durch Vergasung von Brennstoffen mit Wasserdampf (Kohlensaeure) und Sauerstoff bzw. sauerstoffangereicherter Luft
DE974164C (de) * 1951-09-04 1960-10-06 Herbert Dr-Ing Bachl Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Brennstoffen unter gleichzeitiger Gewinnung mechanischer Energie
US4057402A (en) * 1976-06-28 1977-11-08 Institute Of Gas Technology Coal pretreatment and gasification process
FR2465173A1 (fr) * 1979-09-17 1981-03-20 Bouillet Ind Laurent Procede et dispositif pour secher des produits, notamment des produits d'origine vegetale ou animale
US4284416A (en) * 1979-12-14 1981-08-18 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Integrated coal drying and steam gasification process
EP0058892A1 (de) * 1981-02-12 1982-09-01 Malom- és Sütöipari Kutatointézet Verfahren zur Trocknung von Körnerfrüchten mit Warmluft und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1138067A (en) * 1965-12-20 1968-12-27 Stephen Frederic Burghard Batch drier for grain
US3500552A (en) * 1968-03-07 1970-03-17 Us Agriculture Method and apparatus for drying foods
US3861058A (en) * 1972-12-18 1975-01-21 California Pellet Mill Co Fluidized bed grain processor
GB1439317A (en) * 1974-03-15 1976-06-16 Gen Electric Fixed bed coal gasification
GB1507790A (en) * 1976-08-10 1978-04-19 Yamamoto S Grain drying apparatus
DE2734728C2 (de) * 1977-08-02 1986-07-31 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zum Eintragen von Kohle in einen Druckvergasungsreaktor
GB2039293B (en) * 1979-01-09 1982-11-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of fuel to reducing and/or synthesis gas
SE8001804L (sv) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-08 Lindstroem Ab Olle Sett for pulserande forgasning

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE494532C (de) * 1927-10-27 1930-03-25 Julius Pintsch Akt Ges Verfahren zur stetigen Erzeugung von Wassergas aus feuchtem Brennstoff
DE561446C (de) * 1930-04-13 1932-10-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung von stickstoffarmem Starkgas durch Vergasung von Brennstoffen mit Wasserdampf (Kohlensaeure) und Sauerstoff bzw. sauerstoffangereicherter Luft
DE974164C (de) * 1951-09-04 1960-10-06 Herbert Dr-Ing Bachl Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Brennstoffen unter gleichzeitiger Gewinnung mechanischer Energie
US4057402A (en) * 1976-06-28 1977-11-08 Institute Of Gas Technology Coal pretreatment and gasification process
FR2465173A1 (fr) * 1979-09-17 1981-03-20 Bouillet Ind Laurent Procede et dispositif pour secher des produits, notamment des produits d'origine vegetale ou animale
US4284416A (en) * 1979-12-14 1981-08-18 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Integrated coal drying and steam gasification process
EP0058892A1 (de) * 1981-02-12 1982-09-01 Malom- és Sütöipari Kutatointézet Verfahren zur Trocknung von Körnerfrüchten mit Warmluft und Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0148422A2 (de) * 1983-12-20 1985-07-17 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Vergasung fester Brennstoffe
EP0148422A3 (de) * 1983-12-20 1986-06-11 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Vergasung fester Brennstoffe
GR20090100112A (el) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-24 Διονυσιος Χοϊδας Διαταξη παραγωγης καυσιμων αεριων απο συνεργαζομενες μοναδες αεριοποιησης και ξηρανσης
EP2940105A4 (de) * 2012-12-26 2016-09-28 Sk Innovation Co Ltd Kombinierte gasifizierungsanlage für kohlenstoffhaltigen brennstoff mit einem pneumatischen fördertrockner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA834241B (en) 1984-03-28
EP0100188A3 (de) 1984-11-21
GB2124648B (en) 1986-07-16
BR8303770A (pt) 1984-04-24
GB2124648A (en) 1984-02-22

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