EP0097991B1 - Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane avec électrodes disposées verticalement - Google Patents

Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane avec électrodes disposées verticalement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0097991B1
EP0097991B1 EP83200883A EP83200883A EP0097991B1 EP 0097991 B1 EP0097991 B1 EP 0097991B1 EP 83200883 A EP83200883 A EP 83200883A EP 83200883 A EP83200883 A EP 83200883A EP 0097991 B1 EP0097991 B1 EP 0097991B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
membrane
units
electrodes
spring elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83200883A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0097991A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Lohrberg
Peter Dr. Kohl
Günter Haas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority to AT83200883T priority Critical patent/ATE30252T1/de
Publication of EP0097991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0097991A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0097991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0097991B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a membrane electrolysis cell with vertically arranged electrodes for electrochemical processes.
  • the surfaces of both electrodes face each other in parallel.
  • Flat parallelism of the surfaces is the prerequisite for an efficiently working cell, since this is the only way to ensure an even current distribution and to avoid local overheating.
  • the distance between the anode and cathode should also be kept as small as possible. All of these requirements are relatively easy to implement in small laboratory cells, but the construction of large industrial units is difficult if the ideal ideas that are theoretically required are to be realized.
  • the larger cells are, the more sensitive they are to deviations from plane parallelism and to current distortion.
  • electrodes with openings for the removal of the reaction gases are generally used, for example perforated electrodes, wire mesh or expanded metal.
  • the disadvantages include the reduced active surface, the lack of mechanical stability and the loss of high-quality coating material on the back of the electrodes.
  • membrane cells with ion exchange membranes are provided with a frame construction that is as rigid as possible, in which the electrodes are rigid, in the majority of cases by welded connections.
  • the contact surfaces of the frames must also be machined accordingly.
  • the membrane electrolysis cell known from FR-OS 2 486 105 has electrodes divided vertically into several units, and the anode arrangement has flexible spring elements which make the anodes displaceable.
  • an electrode plate consisting of individual plates has already been provided for vertically arranged electrodes in gas-forming diaphragm cells, the individual plates having guide surfaces for the discharge of the gas generated. Due to the intended inclination of the guide plate or surface, there are inevitably different distances between the active surface and the counterelectrode, warps being easily caused, in particular, by local temperature increases in the sensitive partition walls of poor thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the entire active surface of the electrode cannot be brought into the energetically desirable close distance from the counter electrode.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the mentioned and other disadvantages and to provide an electrode arrangement for a membrane electrolysis cell which, under technical operating conditions, ensures a secure plane parallelism of the electrode surfaces and an energetically favorable minimum electrode spacing and ensures safe and rapid gas removal.
  • the two geometric reference systems in the cell namely frame / frame and anode / cathode
  • the one electrode such as the cathode
  • the electrode of the opposite polarity such as the anode vertically divided into several plates or strip units
  • This flexible design is brought about by spring elements.
  • the spring elements are useful on the Power leads attached to the electrodes and cause electrical contact with the individual strip units of the electrode (anode) via contact pressure or welding.
  • the cathode in the above-mentioned arrangement, can also be set up flexibly when the anode is rigidly fixed.
  • both electrodes which are divided into individual units, can also be made displaceable by spring elements. In this way, the unevenness of the contact surfaces of the cell frame which is inevitably present and can only be removed with a great deal of work is not transferred to the positioning of the electrode. Rather, the tolerances occurring in the area of the cell frame are bridged by means of the movable connection of the current distributor to the active surface of the electrode.
  • the spring force of the spring elements is dimensioned so that it allows the relative spatial position of the anode and cathode to be adjusted.
  • the frames can advantageously be made from commercially available, drawn material without substantial post-processing, and the required tight tolerances can be achieved using spacers.
  • the movable or displaceable arrangement of the electrode active surfaces for discharging developed and accumulated gas such as chlorine gas
  • the spring elements designed as flexible power supply lines form a concave curvature directed towards the cell bottom or an angle opened towards them.
  • the spring element can be a leaf spring welded to the power supply.
  • the chlorine gas collected under the individual flexible spring elements or current feeders is discharged upwards at one point by gas discharge elements arranged laterally in the electrolysis room. In this way, partial degassing of the electrode space or anode space takes place. This partial degassing in turn causes convection flows in the electrolyte and an improved electrolyte exchange in the active area of the electrodes, which leads to considerable improvements in the energy yield.
  • horizontal separation points are created between the individual units of the electrode, on which the membrane does not rest, in which spacers are arranged. Due to the different densities of catholyte and anolyte, the membrane rests on an electrode at the same hydrostatic heights, i. that is, a lateral force acts on the electrode.
  • the spacer in the case of gas-developing processes, is designed as a guide element for discharging the developed gas from the electrode space.
  • the spacer acts as a gas separation unit when arranged horizontally. It then consists, for example, of strip-shaped plates with serrated edges or strips with slot-shaped or circular openings, or of grid-shaped or network-shaped strips. Such spacers bring about a complete gas withdrawal from the electrode gap after each division of the multiple horizontally divided electrode (cathode).
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawing The invention is illustrated in more detail and by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view of an electrode frame F with a horizontally divided cathode plate 2.
  • FIG. 1b is a similar view of an electrode frame with a vertically and horizontally divided anode 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a displaceable anode 3 in a top view.
  • This figure is an enlarged view of section "B" in FIG. 1c and shows spring elements 7 which are connected to the power supply 8 and the anode 3. In the working position, the anode is pressed against the membrane 4.
  • the electrolytic cell according to the invention has i.a. following advantages. Due to the movable electrode combination with spring elements caused by multiple divisions, the smallest critical electrode spacing can be maintained at any time during the operation of the electrolytic cell. This combination saves a considerable amount of technical production effort for both the electrodes and for the electrode frames with regard to maintaining tight manufacturing tolerances. Furthermore, a limitation of the height design of the electrolysis cell is practically removed, since developed gas is removed from the electrode gap in each division, i. H. gas accumulation is avoided.
  • 1 cm 2 of one of the electrodes is raised by 1 mm. Then there is a current density at the raised point, which can be determined in a first approximation via the power consumption.
  • the power consumption would be 1 cm 2 on the area raised by 1 mm
  • 1 cm 2 of one of the electrodes is raised by 1 mm.
  • the temperature difference between the membrane and the electrolyte increases by about 20%.
  • Example 2 shows the limitations in the construction of large-scale electrolytic cells due to power warps. ⁇ 0.75 mm are tolerances that can just be maintained with reasonable effort. For a 1 m wide or tall cell, this tolerance means an accuracy of 0.075% based on the gauge block. Furthermore, 30 to 50% free area for the gas discharge is the maximum of the tolerable, because otherwise the effective current density increases too much.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane et à électrodes composées de plusieurs unités, disposées verticalement, et munies d'éléments élastiques, caractérisée en ce que
a) l'électrode ayant l'une des polarités est subdivisée horizontalement en plusieurs unités distinctes,
b) l'électrode de polarité opposée est subdivisée verticalement en plusieurs unités distinctes, et
c) les unités d'au moins l'une des deux électrodes peuvent être déplacées par des éléments élastiques.
2. Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, entre les unités des électrodes sur lesquelles la membrane n'est pas appliquée, sont laissées des emplacements horizontaux de séparation dans lesquels sont disposées des entretoises.
3. Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les entretoises dans les emplacements horizontaux de séparation sont constituées de plaques en forme de bandes destinées à l'évacuation des gaz se dégageant sur l'unité d'électrode.
4. Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane suivant les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que, dans l'électrode subdivisée en unités verticales les éléments élastiques sont constitués en dispositifs d'évacuation des gaz, en ayant une courbure concave tournée vers le fond de la cellule, ou en faisant un angle s'ouvrant vers ce fond.
EP83200883A 1982-06-25 1983-06-16 Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane avec électrodes disposées verticalement Expired EP0097991B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83200883T ATE30252T1 (de) 1982-06-25 1983-06-16 Membran-elektrolysezelle mit vertikal angeordneten elektroden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823223701 DE3223701A1 (de) 1982-06-25 1982-06-25 Membran-elektrolysezelle mit vertikal angeordneten elektroden
DE3223701 1982-06-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0097991A1 EP0097991A1 (fr) 1984-01-11
EP0097991B1 true EP0097991B1 (fr) 1987-10-14

Family

ID=6166805

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83200883A Expired EP0097991B1 (fr) 1982-06-25 1983-06-16 Cellule d'électrolyse à membrane avec électrodes disposées verticalement

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4502935A (fr)
EP (1) EP0097991B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5913085A (fr)
AT (1) ATE30252T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU553793B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8303395A (fr)
CA (1) CA1214750A (fr)
DE (2) DE3223701A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI73471C (fr)
IN (1) IN156644B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA834630B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE8400459L (sv) * 1984-01-30 1985-07-31 Kema Nord Ab Elektrod for elektrolysorer
DE3726674A1 (de) * 1987-08-11 1989-02-23 Heraeus Elektroden Elektrodenstruktur fuer elektrochemische zellen
DE3808495A1 (de) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-28 Metallgesellschaft Ag Membranelektrolysevorrichtung
US5221452A (en) * 1990-02-15 1993-06-22 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Monopolar ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell assembly
US5254233A (en) * 1990-02-15 1993-10-19 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Monopolar ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell assembly
US5100525A (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-03-31 Eltech Systems Corporation Spring supported anode
DE19859882A1 (de) * 1998-12-23 1999-12-09 W Strewe Ionenaustauschermembranzelle für hohe Produktleistungen
EP1397531A1 (fr) * 2001-06-15 2004-03-17 Akzo Nobel N.V. Cellule d'electrolyse
US7141147B2 (en) * 2001-06-15 2006-11-28 Akzo Nobel N.V. Electrolytic cell
US6797136B2 (en) * 2001-09-07 2004-09-28 Akzo Nobel N.V. Electrolytic cell
WO2003023090A1 (fr) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-20 Akzo Nobel N.V. Cellule d'electrolyse

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE563393C (de) * 1929-02-05 1932-11-04 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Elektrolytische Zelle
US3674676A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-07-04 Diamond Shamrock Corp Expandable electrodes
BE793122A (fr) * 1971-12-22 1973-06-21 Rhone Progil Electrodes bipolaires demontables
US3960699A (en) * 1974-12-23 1976-06-01 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Self supporting electrodes for chlor-alkali cell
US4056458A (en) * 1976-08-26 1977-11-01 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Monopolar membrane electrolytic cell
DE2642559B1 (de) * 1976-09-22 1978-02-23 Heraeus Elektroden Verfahren zur erneuerung wirksamer elektrodenflaechen von metallelektroden fuer elektrolysezellen
US4075077A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-02-21 Pennwalt Corporation Electrolytic cell
IT1114623B (it) * 1977-07-01 1986-01-27 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Cella elettrolitica monopolare a diaframma
US4154667A (en) * 1978-01-03 1979-05-15 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Method of converting box anodes to expandable anodes
JPS5629683A (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-03-25 Toagosei Chem Ind Co Ltd Anode structure for diaphragmatic electrolysis cell
IT1163737B (it) * 1979-11-29 1987-04-08 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrolizzatore bipolare comprendente mezzi per generare la ricircolazione interna dell'elettrolita e procedimento di elettrolisi
US4443315A (en) * 1980-07-03 1984-04-17 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Finger type electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI73471B (fi) 1987-06-30
FI832313A0 (fi) 1983-06-23
ATE30252T1 (de) 1987-10-15
DE3374072D1 (en) 1987-11-19
AU1626083A (en) 1984-01-05
BR8303395A (pt) 1984-02-07
IN156644B (fr) 1985-09-28
JPS5913085A (ja) 1984-01-23
EP0097991A1 (fr) 1984-01-11
US4502935A (en) 1985-03-05
CA1214750A (fr) 1986-12-02
DE3223701A1 (de) 1983-12-29
FI73471C (fi) 1987-10-09
ZA834630B (en) 1985-02-27
AU553793B2 (en) 1986-07-24
FI832313L (fi) 1983-12-26

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