EP0086701A1 - Drilling device - Google Patents

Drilling device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086701A1
EP0086701A1 EP83400254A EP83400254A EP0086701A1 EP 0086701 A1 EP0086701 A1 EP 0086701A1 EP 83400254 A EP83400254 A EP 83400254A EP 83400254 A EP83400254 A EP 83400254A EP 0086701 A1 EP0086701 A1 EP 0086701A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
membrane
elements
liquid
digging
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EP83400254A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0086701B1 (en
Inventor
Joseph Paul Suied
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT83400254T priority Critical patent/ATE21434T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/322—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to drilling devices and is particularly applicable to drilling in the ground, rock or concrete.
  • Tools for increasing the diameter of a well bottom are already known, which tools have a cylindrical shape with elements that can be tilted between a retracted position in which they do not protrude outside the cylindrical wall of the tool and a position emerging in which they emerge from this wall and allow, thanks to the rotation of the tool, to dig a circular groove in the wall of the hole.
  • the tilting of these elements between the retracted position and the emerging position is ensured by means of a central plunger mechanically connected to said elements. elements and whose axial position determines the tilt angle of the elements.
  • Such a device is however quite complex and does not lend itself to miniaturization.
  • the mechanical connection between the elements and the plunger may be subject to jamming or poor distribution of forces.
  • the tilting element does not work under the same conditions as it tilts, which influences both the characteristics of the work and the geometry of the recess obtained.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks and aims to provide an improvement to drilling devices of the type comprising a tool having a substantially cylindrical shape capable of being easily inserted and extracted from a hole, preferably previously drilled, and containing digging elements capable of being moved between a retracted position inside the cylindrical surface of the tool and an emerging position in which the rotation of the tool causes a groove to dig through said elements, means motors being provided for passing said elements from the retracted position to the emerging position and vice versa, characterized in that said tool comprises a radially expandable sealed coaxial membrane, digging elements, such as for example diamond sectors, arranged on the membrane, and preferably integral with the latter, a conduit connecting the interior of said membrane to a source of pressurized liquid, and means for pressurizing said liquid.
  • the digging elements produced for example in the form of bars or diamond sectors, are distributed equiangularly around the membrane and these elements are advantageously mounted on metal sectors whose internal wall is in contact with the! outer wall of the membrane so that the expansion of the membrane causes a radial displacement of said sectors, and consequently of the digging elements which they support, while the retraction of the membrane causes their withdrawal in the retracted position.
  • the body of the tool provides radial guide means for the digging elements and / or for said sectors which support these elements.
  • These guide means can be composed of simple grooves in the cylindrical wall of the tool.
  • the membrane produced for example from an elastomer such as neoprene, can be in the form of a cylindrical jacket, the two ends of which are crimped or clamped suitably between the body of the tool and crimping parts, one of said crimping parts being provided with a channel for the passage of the liquid between the liquid supply duct and the interior of the membrane which forms the expansion chamber.
  • an elastomer such as neoprene
  • the device comprises, far from the tool, a liquid chamber in which it is possible to measure either visually ment, or by any other means, the variation in volume of liquid in the chamber which reflects the variation in volume of the membrane and consequently the distance of the radial displacement of the digging elements. It is thus possible at all times to know what is the exact geometrical conformation of the tool and therefore the diameter of the groove being dug.
  • the device can also include a manometer or any pressure indicator making it possible to check if there is no leak, which makes it possible to be sure that the variation in volume of liquid observed does correspond to a radial displacement of the elements of digging.
  • the means for establishing the pressure may advantageously consist of a compressor, which may preferably be reversible so as to establish, at the end of actuation, a vacuum which causes the retraction of the membrane and, consequently, the withdrawal of the elements of digging.
  • this retraction can also be ensured by elastic means, which may possibly be constituted by the elasticity of the membrane or by auxiliary means, making it possible to return the membrane and the digging elements to their initial retracted position when the pressure has decreased sufficiently in the chamber limited by the membrane.
  • the device according to the invention comprises at the end of an elongated cylindrical rod 1, provided over its entire length with a central passage 2, a tool 3 screwed onto the end of the rod 1, thanks to a thread 4. Upwards, the rod 1 continues to a second end by which it is mounted on motor means making it possible to rotate it around its axis, inside of a cylindrical hole of slightly larger diameter, previously drilled, and of which the cylindrical wall 5 and the bottom 6 are seen.
  • the tool 3 itself has a cylindrical outer space having the same diameter as the rod 1, the part of the tool 3 screwed on the rod 1 extending downwards by three arms 7 delimiting between them elongated slots 8 arranged around an interior volume 9.
  • the three lower ends of the arms 7 have an unhooked part 10, which is received in a corresponding groove in an end piece 11, in which it is held by suitable rings.
  • the part 11 has a frustoconical central passage 12 while the tool 3 also has a recess having, towards the volume 9, a frustoconical bearing 13 which tapers downwards.
  • a crimping end piece 14 Inside this passage is screwed a crimping end piece 14 thanks to a suitable thread 15, this end piece extending by a frustoconical bearing 16 corresponding to the bearing surface 13. It is thus possible to come crimping or tightening, during screwing of the end-piece 14, a cylindrical elastomer jacket 17, the other end of which is placed around a frustoconical crimping plug 18 which, when it is introduced into the frustoconical passage 12 and advanced downward in this passage thanks to a nut 19 cooperating with its thread 20, allows the lower end of the membrane formed by the elastomeric jacket 17.
  • the interior 21 of the jacket 17 forms a volume constituting an expansion chamber which is in communication with the passage 2 of the rod 1, by virtue of a channel 22 formed in the end piece 14.
  • the end of the rod is preferably connected by a rotary joint, to a constant volume conduit 25 in communication with the passage 2.
  • the duct 25 leads to a vertical cylindrical chamber 26 at the upper end of which leads a pipe 27 which, by a valve 28, is connected to an air pressure source 29 such as a compressor or a compressed air tank .
  • a second pipe 30 is connected to a valve 31 to form a vent.
  • the characteristics of the elastic membrane 17 are such that, even when the tool is brought into a vertical position - at the lower end of the rod 1 , the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid contained in the chamber 26, the conduit 25, the passage 2, the channel 22 and the chamber 21, is incapable of exerting a significant deformation of the membrane 17.
  • valve 31 being closed, the valve 28 is then opened and the air pressure in the chamber 26 begins to rise above the liquid surface. This then pushes the liquid towards the chamber 21 where the membrane 17 will then deform by expanding radially outward, pushing radially outward the segments 23 and the elements 24 which are guided radially by the edges of the extensions. 7 which determine the slots 8. If the rod 1 and the tool 3 are rotated at the same time around the common axis, it is understood that the digging elements 24, which rotate while rubbing against the wall 5, will gradually dig into it a groove whose cross section corresponds to the part of element 24 which penetrates into the material. In doing so, the liquid level begins to drop in chamber 26.
  • the air pressure inside the chamber 26 is constantly displayed by a pressure gauge 34.
  • the pressure gauge 34 displays sufficient pressure, it is certain that there is no leak and that the a drop in the level / liquid of the chamber 26 corresponds well to an increase in the value of the volume of the chamber 21 formed by the membrane 17.
  • digging elements 24 in the form of bars rectilinear extending almost over the entire length of the membrane 17, these elements can be replaced by several elements of shorter length axially spaced from each other.
  • the section and the profile of the digging elements 24 can vary as desired.
  • the device according to the invention which allows the drilling of a groove at the bottom of a hole, can also be arranged to allow drilling the hole itself. It suffices to provide the lower end of the tool 3, a suitable drilling tool so that the hole is drilled first and then, preferably stopping the descent of the tool, then the digging of the groove by the expansion of the elements 24 from the retracted position to the emerging position.,
  • the digging elements 24 may not be diamond-coated, in particular when they have to work in a soft rock (chalk for example). They can be made up or coated with any suitable abrasive material.
  • the membrane or sheath 17 can be arranged around a rigid tube; the channel 22 is then placed in communication with a chamber 21, of annular shape, which is between the membrane 17 and the tube in question.
  • the channel 22 comprises two branches, one for supplying the liquid capable of swelling the membrane 17 (as described above) and the other for bringing into the region of the slots 8 a liquid used for cooling the digging elements 24.
  • the second branch of the channel 22 opens out at the bottom of such a tube so that the coolant can rise up the along the digging tools 24.
  • the aforesaid supply system is arranged so as to bring the liquid down towards the tool 1 first with pressure increase until the elements 24 come into contact with the wall 5, then with maintenance of the optimum cutting pressure until the end of work, then allowing the said liquid to rise until the digging elements are released 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

Le perfectionnement aux dispositifs de forage est destiné à permettre de creuser des gorges ou des évidements au fond de trous forés. Il comporte un outil (3) contenant une membrane (17) formant une chambre d'expansion susceptible d'être alimentée par un liquide sous pression pour provoquer le déplacement radial d'éléments diamantés de creusement (24) entre une position rétractée et une position de travail émergente. La mesure de la variation de volume du liquide sous pression dans une chambre (26) permet de connaître la position radiale des éléments (24).The improvement to the drilling devices is intended to make it possible to dig grooves or recesses at the bottom of drilled holes. It comprises a tool (3) containing a membrane (17) forming an expansion chamber capable of being supplied with a pressurized liquid to cause the radial displacement of diamond digging elements (24) between a retracted position and a position of emerging work. Measuring the change in volume of the pressurized liquid in a chamber (26) makes it possible to know the radial position of the elements (24).

Description

La présente invention a trait à un perfectionnement aux dispositifs de forage et est notamment applicable aux forages dans le sol, la roche ou le béton.The present invention relates to an improvement to drilling devices and is particularly applicable to drilling in the ground, rock or concrete.

Les dispositifs de forage connus, qu'ils soient à mèche, foret ou trépanpermettent de forer des trous ayant une section constante et présentant donc une paroi intérieure cylindrique. Or, il est souvent souhaitable de pouvoir augmenter le diamètre du trou en un ou plusieurs emplacements éloignés de l'embouchure de celui-ci et notamment au fond du trou. Un tel accroissement de diamètre, produisant une excavation locale, est par exemple utile lorsque l'on veut augmenter la surface de recueil d'un fond de puits, ou bien lorsque l'on veut simplement/dans des trous destinés à recevoir des pieux, des tirants, chevilles, etc., améliorer l'ancrage de l'élément dans le trou.Known drilling devices, whether with drill bit, drill bit or drill bit, make it possible to drill holes having a constant section and therefore having a cylindrical inner wall. However, it is often desirable to be able to increase the diameter of the hole at one or more locations remote from the mouth thereof and in particular at the bottom of the hole. Such an increase in diameter, producing a local excavation, is for example useful when one wants to increase the collection surface of a well bottom, or else when one simply wants / in holes intended to receive piles, tie rods, dowels, etc., improve the anchoring of the element in the hole.

On connaît déjà des outils destinés à augmenter le diamètre d'un fond de puits, lesquels outils présentent une forme cylindrique avec des éléments basculables entre une position rétractée dans laquelle ils ne font pas saillie hors de la paroi cylindrique de l'outil et une position émergente dans laquelle ils émergent hors de cette paroi et permettent, grâce à la rotation de l'outil, de creuser une gorge circulaire dans la paroi du trou. Le basculement de ces éléments entre la position rétractée et la position émergente est assurée au moyen d'un plongeur central relié mécaniquement auxdits éléments et dont la position axiale détermine l'angle de basculement des éléments.Tools for increasing the diameter of a well bottom are already known, which tools have a cylindrical shape with elements that can be tilted between a retracted position in which they do not protrude outside the cylindrical wall of the tool and a position emerging in which they emerge from this wall and allow, thanks to the rotation of the tool, to dig a circular groove in the wall of the hole. The tilting of these elements between the retracted position and the emerging position is ensured by means of a central plunger mechanically connected to said elements. elements and whose axial position determines the tilt angle of the elements.

Un tel dispositif est cependant assez complexe et ne se prête pas à la miniaturisation. En outre, la liaison mécanique entre les éléments et le plongeur peut être sujette à des coincements ou à de mauvaises répartitions d'efforts. De plus, l'élément basculant ne travaille pas dans les mêmes conditions au fur et à mesure de son basculement, ce qui influe à la fois sur les caractéristiques du travail et sur la géométrie de l'évidement obtenu.Such a device is however quite complex and does not lend itself to miniaturization. In addition, the mechanical connection between the elements and the plunger may be subject to jamming or poor distribution of forces. In addition, the tilting element does not work under the same conditions as it tilts, which influences both the characteristics of the work and the geometry of the recess obtained.

On a également déjà proposé des outils munis d'élémentsde creusement expansibles entre une position rétractée et une position émergente par rapport à la surface généralement cylindrique de l'outilgrâce à un actionnement pneumatique. Une telle disposition présente cependant également des inconvénients. En particulier elle ne permet pas un contrôle convenable du travail qui s'effectue , il faut le rappeler,hors de la vue de l'opérateur.Tools have also already been proposed provided with expandable digging elements between a retracted position and an emerging position relative to the generally cylindrical surface of the tool thanks to a pneumatic actuation. However, such an arrangement also has drawbacks. In particular, it does not allow proper control of the work which is carried out, it should be recalled, out of the sight of the operator.

La présente invention se propose de remédier à ces inconvénients et a pour objectif de fournir un perfectionnement auxdispositifsde forage du type comprenant un outil présentant une forme sensiblement cylindrique susceptible d'être facilement introduite et extraite d'un trou, de préférence préalablement foré, et contenant des éléments de creusement susceptibles d'être déplacés entre une position rétractée à l'intérieur de la surface cylindrique de l'outil et une position émergente dans laquelle la rotation de l'outil provoque le creusement d'une gorge par lesdits éléments, des moyens moteurs étant prévus pour faire passer lesdits éléments de la position rétractée à la position émergente et inversement, caractérisé en ce que ledit outil comporte une membrane coaxiale étanche radialement dilatable , des élémentsde creusement , tels que par exemple des secteurs diamantés, disposés sur la membrane,et de préférence solidaires de celle-ci, un conduit reliant l'intérieur de ladite membrane à une source de liquide sous pression, et des moyens pour mettre ledit liquide sous pression.The present invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks and aims to provide an improvement to drilling devices of the type comprising a tool having a substantially cylindrical shape capable of being easily inserted and extracted from a hole, preferably previously drilled, and containing digging elements capable of being moved between a retracted position inside the cylindrical surface of the tool and an emerging position in which the rotation of the tool causes a groove to dig through said elements, means motors being provided for passing said elements from the retracted position to the emerging position and vice versa, characterized in that said tool comprises a radially expandable sealed coaxial membrane, digging elements, such as for example diamond sectors, arranged on the membrane, and preferably integral with the latter, a conduit connecting the interior of said membrane to a source of pressurized liquid, and means for pressurizing said liquid.

De préférence, les éléments de creusement, réalisés par exemple sous forme de barrettes ou secteurs diamantés, sont répartis de façon équi-angulaire autour de la membrane et ces éléments sont avantageusement montés sur des secteurs métalliques dont la paroi interne est au contact de la ! paroi externe de la membrane de façon que l'expansion de la membrane provoque un déplacement radial desdits secteurs, et par conséquent des éléments de creusement qu'ils supportent, alors que la rétraction de la membrane provoque leur retrait en position rétractée.Preferably, the digging elements, produced for example in the form of bars or diamond sectors, are distributed equiangularly around the membrane and these elements are advantageously mounted on metal sectors whose internal wall is in contact with the! outer wall of the membrane so that the expansion of the membrane causes a radial displacement of said sectors, and consequently of the digging elements which they support, while the retraction of the membrane causes their withdrawal in the retracted position.

De préférence, le corps de l'outil fournit des moyens de guidage radial pour les éléments de creusement et/ou pour lesdits secteurs qui supportent ces éléments. Ces moyens de guidage peuvent être composés de simples rainures de la paroi cylindrique de l'outil.Preferably, the body of the tool provides radial guide means for the digging elements and / or for said sectors which support these elements. These guide means can be composed of simple grooves in the cylindrical wall of the tool.

On doit cependant comprendre qu'il n'est pas absolument indispensable d'avoir des moyensde guidage sous cette forme et la paroi cylindrique de l'outil peut être localement absente au niveau desdits éléments de creusement.It should however be understood that it is not absolutely essential to have guiding means in this form and the cylindrical wall of the tool may be locally absent at the level of said digging elements.

De façon particulièrement avantageuse, la membrane, réalisée par exemple en un élastomère.tel que du néoprène , peut se présenter sous forme d'une chemise cylindrique dont les deux extrémités sontserties ou serrées convenablement entre le corps de l'outilet des pièces de sertissage, l'une desdites pièces de sertissage étant munie d'un canal pour le passage du liquide entre le conduit d'amenéedu liquide et l'intérieur de la membrane qui forme chambre d'expansion.In a particularly advantageous manner, the membrane, produced for example from an elastomer such as neoprene, can be in the form of a cylindrical jacket, the two ends of which are crimped or clamped suitably between the body of the tool and crimping parts, one of said crimping parts being provided with a channel for the passage of the liquid between the liquid supply duct and the interior of the membrane which forms the expansion chamber.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention le dispositif comporte, loin de l'outil, une chambre de liquide dans laquelleil est possible de mesurer soit visuellement, soit par tout autre moyen, la variation de volume de liquide dans la chambre qui traduit la variation de volume de la membrane et par conséquent la distance du déplacement radial des éléments de creusement. Il est ainsi possible à chaque moment de savoir quelle est la conformation géométrique exacte de l'outil et par conséquent le diamètre de la gorge en train d'être creusée. Le dispositif peut également comporter un manomètre ou un indicateur de pression quelconque permettant de contrôler s'il n'existe pas de fuite, ce qui permet d'être assuré que la variation de volume de liquide constatée correspond bien à un déplacement radial des éléments de creusement.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the device comprises, far from the tool, a liquid chamber in which it is possible to measure either visually ment, or by any other means, the variation in volume of liquid in the chamber which reflects the variation in volume of the membrane and consequently the distance of the radial displacement of the digging elements. It is thus possible at all times to know what is the exact geometrical conformation of the tool and therefore the diameter of the groove being dug. The device can also include a manometer or any pressure indicator making it possible to check if there is no leak, which makes it possible to be sure that the variation in volume of liquid observed does correspond to a radial displacement of the elements of digging.

Les moyens d'établissement de la pression peuvent avantageusement consister en un compresseur, lequel peut être de préférence réversible de façon à établir, en fin d'actionnement, une dépression qui provoque la rétraction de la membrane et,par conséquent, le retrait des éléments de creusement.The means for establishing the pressure may advantageously consist of a compressor, which may preferably be reversible so as to establish, at the end of actuation, a vacuum which causes the retraction of the membrane and, consequently, the withdrawal of the elements of digging.

Cependant, en variante cette rétraction peut également être assurée par des moyens élastiques, qui peuvent être éventuellement constitués par l'élasticité de la membrane ou par des moyens auxiliaires, permettant de ramener la membrane et les éléments de creusement dans leur position initiale rétractée lorsque la pression a suffisamment diminué dans la chambre limitée par la membrane.However, as a variant, this retraction can also be ensured by elastic means, which may possibly be constituted by the elasticity of the membrane or by auxiliary means, making it possible to return the membrane and the digging elements to their initial retracted position when the pressure has decreased sufficiently in the chamber limited by the membrane.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante, faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif et se référant au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • La figure 1 représente une vue schématique, en coupe selon la ligne I-I de la figure 2, d'un dispositif de forage selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente l'outil en position rétractée, en coupe schématique selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 représente les éléments de la figure 2 à l'état expansé.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the following description, given by way of nonlimiting example and referring to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic view, in section along line II of FIG. 2, of a drilling device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents the tool in the retracted position, in diagrammatic section along line II-II of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows the elements of Figure 2 to expanded state.

Le dispositif selon l'invention,tel que décrit dans l'exemple , comporte à l'extrémité d'une tige cylindrique allongée 1, muniesur toute sa longueur d'un passage central 2, un outil 3 vissé sur l'extrémité de la tige 1, grâce à un filetage 4. Vers le haut, la tige 1 se poursuit jusqu'à une deuxième extrémité par laquelle elle est montée sur des moyens moteurs permettant de l'entraîner en rotation autour de son axe, à l'intérieur d'un trou cylindrique de diamètre légèrement supérieur, préalablement foré , et dont on voit la paroi cylindrique 5 et le fond 6.The device according to the invention, as described in the example, comprises at the end of an elongated cylindrical rod 1, provided over its entire length with a central passage 2, a tool 3 screwed onto the end of the rod 1, thanks to a thread 4. Upwards, the rod 1 continues to a second end by which it is mounted on motor means making it possible to rotate it around its axis, inside of a cylindrical hole of slightly larger diameter, previously drilled, and of which the cylindrical wall 5 and the bottom 6 are seen.

L'outil 3 lui-même se présente sous un encombrement extérieur cylindrique ayant le même diamètre que la tige 1, la partie de l'outil 3 vissée sur la tige 1 se prolongeant vers le bas par trois bras 7 délimitant entre eux des fentes allongées 8 disposées autour d'un volume intérieur 9. Les trois extrémités inférieures des bras 7 présentent une partie décrochée 10, laquelle est reçue dans une gorge correspondante d'une pièce de bout 11, dans laquelle elle est maintenue par des bagues convenables. La pièce 11 présente un passage central tronconique 12 alors que l'outil3 présente également un évidement présentant, vers le volume 9, une portée tronconique 13 qui se rétrécit vers le bas.The tool 3 itself has a cylindrical outer space having the same diameter as the rod 1, the part of the tool 3 screwed on the rod 1 extending downwards by three arms 7 delimiting between them elongated slots 8 arranged around an interior volume 9. The three lower ends of the arms 7 have an unhooked part 10, which is received in a corresponding groove in an end piece 11, in which it is held by suitable rings. The part 11 has a frustoconical central passage 12 while the tool 3 also has a recess having, towards the volume 9, a frustoconical bearing 13 which tapers downwards.

A l'intérieur de ce passage se trouve vissé un embout de sertissage 14 grâce à un filetage convenable 15, cet embout se prolongeant par une portée tronconique 16 correspondant à la portée 13. Il est ainsi possible de venir sertir ou serrer, lors du vissage de l'embout 14, une chemise cylindrique en élastomère 17 dont l'autre extrémité est placée autour d'un bouchon de sertissage tronconique 18 qui, lorsqu'il est introduit dans le passage tronconique 12 et avancé vers le bas dans ce passage grâce à un écrou 19 coopérant avec son filetage 20, permet de sertir de façon étanche l'extrémité inférieure de la membrane constituée par la chemise élastomère 17. L'intérieur 21 de la chemise 17 forme un volume constituant une chambre d'expansion qui est en communication avec le passage 2 de la tige 1, grâce à un canal 22 pratiqué dans l'embout 14.Inside this passage is screwed a crimping end piece 14 thanks to a suitable thread 15, this end piece extending by a frustoconical bearing 16 corresponding to the bearing surface 13. It is thus possible to come crimping or tightening, during screwing of the end-piece 14, a cylindrical elastomer jacket 17, the other end of which is placed around a frustoconical crimping plug 18 which, when it is introduced into the frustoconical passage 12 and advanced downward in this passage thanks to a nut 19 cooperating with its thread 20, allows the lower end of the membrane formed by the elastomeric jacket 17. The interior 21 of the jacket 17 forms a volume constituting an expansion chamber which is in communication with the passage 2 of the rod 1, by virtue of a channel 22 formed in the end piece 14.

Autour de la chemise 17 sont adhérisés trois segments métalliques allongés 23 sur lesquels sont fixés et collés des éléments de creusement constitués en l'occurrence chaque fois d'une barrette longitudinale formant un secteur diamanté 24.Around the jacket 17 are adhered three elongated metal segments 23 on which are fixed and glued digging elements constituted in this case each time by a longitudinal bar forming a diamond sector 24.

A la partie supérieure qui émerge hors de l'embouchure du trou de forage dans lequel est disposée la tige, l'extrémité de la tige est reliéede préférence par un joint tournant, à un conduit de volume constant 25 en communication avec le passage 2. Le conduit 25 aboutit à une chambre cylindrique verticale 26 à l'extrémité supérieure de laquelle aboutit une canalisation 27 qui, par une vanne 28, est reliée à une source de pression d'air 29 telle qu'uncompresseur ou un réservoir d'air comprimé. Une deuxième canalisation 30 est reliée à une vanne 31 pour former un évent.At the upper part which emerges from the mouth of the borehole in which the rod is arranged, the end of the rod is preferably connected by a rotary joint, to a constant volume conduit 25 in communication with the passage 2. The duct 25 leads to a vertical cylindrical chamber 26 at the upper end of which leads a pipe 27 which, by a valve 28, is connected to an air pressure source 29 such as a compressor or a compressed air tank . A second pipe 30 is connected to a valve 31 to form a vent.

Le fonctionnement est alors le suivant : en l'absence de surpression d'air dans la chambre 26, la position de la membrane élastomère 17 est celle représentée sur la partie de droite de la figure 1 ainsi que sur la figure 2. Cette position est appelée position rétractée et l'on voit que dans cette position les éléments de creusement 24, qui sont reliés à la membrane 17 par l'intermédiaire des segments 23,occupent une position rétractée dans laquelle ils n'émergent pas en dehors de l'encombrement de la surface cylindrique extérieure de l'outil 3, c'est-à-dire en dehors de la surface extérieure desprolongements7. L'outil, disposé à l'extrémité de la tige 1 , peut ainsi être introduit à l'intérieur d'un trou dont le diamètre est très légèrement supérieur à celui de l'outil et de la tige.The operation is then as follows: in the absence of air overpressure in the chamber 26, the position of the elastomeric membrane 17 is that shown on the right-hand part of FIG. 1 as well as in FIG. 2. This position is called retracted position and we see that in this position the digging elements 24, which are connected to the membrane 17 via the segments 23, occupy a retracted position in which they do not emerge outside the space requirement of the outer cylindrical surface of the tool 3, that is to say outside the outer surface of the extensions 7. The tool, disposed at the end of the rod 1, can thus be inserted inside a hole whose diameter is very slightly greater than that of the tool and the rod.

On doit comprendre que les caractéristiques de la membrane élastique 17 sont telles que, même lorsque l'outil est amené dans une position verticale-à l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 1, la pression hydrostatique du liquide contenu dans la chambre 26, le conduit 25, le passage 2, le canal 22 et la chambre 21, est incapable d'exercer une déformation sensible de la membrane 17. estIt should be understood that the characteristics of the elastic membrane 17 are such that, even when the tool is brought into a vertical position - at the lower end of the rod 1 , the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid contained in the chamber 26, the conduit 25, the passage 2, the channel 22 and the chamber 21, is incapable of exerting a significant deformation of the membrane 17. is

Dans ces conditions, le niveau de liquide/représen- té par la ligne en trait interrompu 32, la plus grande partie de la chambre 26 étant alors rempliede liquide.Under these conditions, the level of liquid / represented by the broken line 32, most of the chamber 26 is then filled with liquid.

La vanne 31 étant fermée,on ouvre alors la vanne 28 et l'on commence à élever la pression d'air dans la chambre 26 au-dessus de la surface de liquide. Ceci refoule alors le liquide vers la chambre 21 où la membrane 17 va alors se déformer en s'expansant radialement vers l'extérieur, repoussant radialement vers l'extérieur les segments 23 et les éléments 24 qui sont guidés radialement par les bords des.prolongements 7 qui déterminent les fentes 8. Si l'on met en même temps la tige 1 et l'ou- til 3 en rotation autourde/axe commun, on comprend que les éléments de creusement 24, qui tournent en frottant contre la paroi 5,vont creuser progressivement dans celle-ci une gorge dont la section correspond à la partie d'élément 24 qui pénètre dans la matière. Ce faisant, le niveau de liquide se met à baisser dans la chambre 26.The valve 31 being closed, the valve 28 is then opened and the air pressure in the chamber 26 begins to rise above the liquid surface. This then pushes the liquid towards the chamber 21 where the membrane 17 will then deform by expanding radially outward, pushing radially outward the segments 23 and the elements 24 which are guided radially by the edges of the extensions. 7 which determine the slots 8. If the rod 1 and the tool 3 are rotated at the same time around the common axis, it is understood that the digging elements 24, which rotate while rubbing against the wall 5, will gradually dig into it a groove whose cross section corresponds to the part of element 24 which penetrates into the material. In doing so, the liquid level begins to drop in chamber 26.

A un certain moment sous l'effet de la poussée du liquide et du creusement de la gorge, les segments 23 viennent en butée contre les prolongements de l'outil 3, de sorte que toute expansion radiale supplémentaire est interdite. Ceci correspond à la position illustrée à gauche sur la figure 1 dans laquelle les éléments de creusement 24 sont dans la position émergente extrême.. La chambre 21 a pris alors son volume maximal et le niveau de liquide dans la chambre 26 est arrivé à sa position inférieure représentée par 33.At a certain moment under the effect of the thrust of the liquid and the digging of the groove, the segments 23 abut against the extensions of the tool 3, so that any further radial expansion is prohibited. This corresponds to the position illustrated on the left in FIG. 1 in which the digging elements 24 are in the extreme emerging position. The chamber 21 has then taken its maximum volume and the level of liquid in the chamber 26 has arrived at its position. lower represented by 33.

Il est clair que, si l'on repère la position du niveau du liquide dans la chambre 26 par exemple à l'aide d'une graduation, ou par tout autre moyen tel qu'un flotteur relié à un système indicateur, on peut déterminer la distance de sortie radiale des éléments 24 hors des fentes 8, et ceci à chaque instant pendant le creusement de la gorge dans la paroi 5.It is clear that, if we locate the position of the level of the liquid in the chamber 26 for example by means of a graduation, or by any other means such as a float connected to an indicator system, it is possible to determine the distance of the radial outlet of the elements 24 from the slots 8, and this at any time during the digging of the throat in the wall 5.

De préférence, la pression d'air à l'intérieur de la chambre 26 est constamment affichée par un manomètre 34. Tant que le manomètre 34 affiche une pression suffisante, on est certain du qu'il n'existe pas de fuite et que la baisse du niveau/liquide de la chambre 26 correspond bien à une augmentation de valeur du volume de la chambre 21 formée par la membrane 17.Preferably, the air pressure inside the chamber 26 is constantly displayed by a pressure gauge 34. As long as the pressure gauge 34 displays sufficient pressure, it is certain that there is no leak and that the a drop in the level / liquid of the chamber 26 corresponds well to an increase in the value of the volume of the chamber 21 formed by the membrane 17.

Lorsqu'on désire, à la fin du creusement de la gorge,ramener les éléments de creusement 24 dans leur position rétractée correspondant à la figure 2 pour permettre l'extraction de l'outil hors du trou, on ferme la vanne 28 et l'on ouvre la vanne 31 ce qui permet de purger l'air et ainsi la force de rappel élastique de la membrane 17 chasse l'excès de liquide hors de la chambre 21 vers la chambre 26 dans laquelle le niveau de liquide se trouve ramené à sa position initiale 32. On peut alors procéder à l'extraction axiale de la tige et de l'outil vers le haut hors du trou.When it is desired, at the end of the digging of the groove, bring the digging elements 24 back to their retracted position corresponding to FIG. 2 to allow the extraction of the tool from the hole, the valve 28 is closed and the the valve 31 is opened, which makes it possible to purge the air and thus the elastic return force of the membrane 17 drives the excess liquid out of the chamber 21 towards the chamber 26 in which the liquid level is brought back to its initial position 32. One can then proceed to extract the rod and the tool upwards out of the hole.

En variante, si la force de rappel élastique de la membrane 17 est insuffisante, on peut provoquer le retour en position rétractée par exemple grâce à un ressort convenablement disposé et qui tend à s'opposer à l'écartement radial des segments 23.As a variant, if the elastic return force of the membrane 17 is insufficient, it is possible to cause the return to the retracted position, for example by means of a spring suitably disposed and which tends to oppose the radial spacing of the segments 23.

Dans une autre variante, on peut établir une dépression dans la chambre 26 de façon à ramener la membrane 17 dans sa position rétractée.In another variant, it is possible to establish a vacuum in the chamber 26 so as to bring the membrane 17 back to its retracted position.

Bien entendu, l'invention est susceptible de faire l'objet de diverses modifications. Ainsi, au lieu de prévoir des éléments de creusement 24 sous forme de barrettes rectilignes s'étendant presque sur toute la longueur de la membrane 17, on peut remplacer ces éléments par plusieurs éléments de moindre longueur écartés axialement les uns des autres. De même, la section et le profil des éléments de creusement 24 peuvent varier à volonté.Of course, the invention is subject to various modifications. Thus, instead of providing digging elements 24 in the form of bars rectilinear extending almost over the entire length of the membrane 17, these elements can be replaced by several elements of shorter length axially spaced from each other. Similarly, the section and the profile of the digging elements 24 can vary as desired.

De plus, on comprend que le dispositif selon l'invention, qui permet le forage d'une gorge au fond d'un trou, peut également être agencé pour permettre de forer le trou lui-même. Il suffit de prévoira l'extrémité inférieure de l'outil 3, un outil de forage convenable de sorte que l'on fore d'abord le trou puis, en arrêtant de préférence la descente de l'outil, on effectue ensuite le creusement de la gorge grâce à l'expansion des éléments 24 depuis la position rétractée vers la position émergente.,In addition, it is understood that the device according to the invention, which allows the drilling of a groove at the bottom of a hole, can also be arranged to allow drilling the hole itself. It suffices to provide the lower end of the tool 3, a suitable drilling tool so that the hole is drilled first and then, preferably stopping the descent of the tool, then the digging of the groove by the expansion of the elements 24 from the retracted position to the emerging position.,

Par ailleurs, les éléments de creusement 24 peuvent ne pas être diamantés, notamment lorsqu'ils ont à travailler dans une roche tendre (craie par exemple). Ils peuvent être constitués ou revêtus de toute matière abrasive appropriée.Furthermore, the digging elements 24 may not be diamond-coated, in particular when they have to work in a soft rock (chalk for example). They can be made up or coated with any suitable abrasive material.

Selon une autre variante, la membrane ou gaine 17 peut être disposée autour d'un tube rigide ; le canal 22 est alors mis en communication avec une chambre 21, de forme annulaire, qui est comprise entre la membrane 17 et le tube en question.According to another variant, the membrane or sheath 17 can be arranged around a rigid tube; the channel 22 is then placed in communication with a chamber 21, of annular shape, which is between the membrane 17 and the tube in question.

Selon encore une autre variante, le canal 22 comprend deux branches, l'une pour amener le liquide capable de gonfler la membrane 17 (comme décrit ci-dessus) et l'autre pour amener dans la zone des fentes 8 un liquide servant à refroidir les éléments de creusement 24. Dans le cas de la variante précédente où la membrane 17 est disposée autour d'un tube rigide, la deuxième branche du canal 22 débouche au bas d'un tel tube de façon que le liquide de refroidissement puisse remonter le long des outils de creusement 24.According to yet another variant, the channel 22 comprises two branches, one for supplying the liquid capable of swelling the membrane 17 (as described above) and the other for bringing into the region of the slots 8 a liquid used for cooling the digging elements 24. In the case of the previous variant where the membrane 17 is arranged around a rigid tube, the second branch of the channel 22 opens out at the bottom of such a tube so that the coolant can rise up the along the digging tools 24.

Il va de soi que le système d'alimentation sous pression n'a été représenté que schématiquement en haut de la figure 1. C'est ainsi qu'on peut prévoir un robinet d'arrêt au bas de la chambre cylindrique verticale 26, c'est-à-dire au départ de la canalisation 27, pour éviter les phénomènes d'expansion par pression hydrostatique qui ont été signalés ci-dessus. En outre, il y a lieu de prévoir un détendeur ou un limiteur de pression pour l'air agissant sur l'eau, ce qui permet de choisir la pression de coupe idéale sur les éléments de creusement 25 en fonction de la nature de ces éléments 24 et de celle du matériau à rainurer. De toute façon, le susdit système d'alimentation est agencé de façon à faire descendre du liquide vers l'outil 1 d'abord avec augmentation de pression jusqu'à la mise en contact des éléments 24 avec la paroi 5, puis avec maintien de la pression de coupe optimale jusqu'à la fin du travail , puis à laisser remonter ledit liquide jusqu'à dégagement des éléments de creusement 24.It goes without saying that the pressure supply system has only been shown diagrammatically at the top of FIG. 1. This is how a stopcock can be provided. at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical chamber 26, that is to say at the start of the pipe 27, to avoid the phenomena of expansion by hydrostatic pressure which have been reported above. In addition, it is necessary to provide a pressure reducer or a pressure limiter for the air acting on the water, which makes it possible to choose the ideal cutting pressure on the digging elements 25 according to the nature of these elements. 24 and that of the material to be grooved. Anyway, the aforesaid supply system is arranged so as to bring the liquid down towards the tool 1 first with pressure increase until the elements 24 come into contact with the wall 5, then with maintenance of the optimum cutting pressure until the end of work, then allowing the said liquid to rise until the digging elements are released 24.

Claims (10)

1. Dispositif de forage du type comprenant un outil (3) présentant une forme sensiblement cylindrique susceptible d'être facilement introduite et extraite d'un trou et contenant des éléments de creusement (24) suscep- tiblesd'être déplacésentre une position rétractée à l'intérieur de la surface cylindrique de l'outil (3) et une position émergente dans laquelle la rotation de l'outil (3) provoque le creusement d'une gorge par lesdits éléments (24), des moyens moteurs étant prévus pour faire passer lesdits éléments de la position rétractée à la position émergente et inversement, caractérisé en ce que ledit outil (3) comporte une membrane coaxiale étanche (17) radialement dilatable, des éléments de creusement (24) disposés sur la membrane (17),un conduit (22,2,25) reliant l'intérieur de ladite membrane (17) à une source (26) de liquide sous pression, et des moyens (29) pour mettre ledit liquide sous pression.1. A drilling device of the type comprising a tool (3) having a substantially cylindrical shape capable of being easily inserted and extracted from a hole and containing digging elements (24) liable to be displaced, in a position retracted to the inside the cylindrical surface of the tool (3) and an emerging position in which the rotation of the tool (3) causes the grooving of a groove by said elements (24), motor means being provided for passing said elements from the retracted position to the emerging position and vice versa, characterized in that said tool (3) comprises a sealed coaxial membrane (17) radially expandable, digging elements (24) arranged on the membrane (17), a conduit (22,2,25) connecting the interior of said membrane (17) to a source (26) of liquid under pressure, and means (29) for putting said liquid under pressure. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments de creusement (24) sont solidaires de la membrane (17).2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said digging elements (24) are integral with the membrane (17). 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments de creusement (24) sont montés sur des secteurs métalliques (23) dont la paroi interne est au contact de la paroi externe de la membrane (17).3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that said digging elements (24) are mounted on metal sectors (23) whose internal wall is in contact with the external wall of the membrane (17). 4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le corps de l'outil (3) fournit des moyens de guidage radial pour le déplacement des éléments de creusement (24).4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the body of the tool (3) provides radial guide means for moving the digging elements (24). 5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite membrane (17) se présente sous forme d'une chemise cylindrique dont les deux extrémités sont serties ou serrées convenablement entre le corps de l'outil (3) et des pièces de sertissage ou serrage (14,18), l'une desdites pièces (14) étant munied'un canal (22) pour le passage du liquide entre un conduit d'amenéedu liquide (2) et l'intérieur de la membrane.5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said membrane (17) is in the form of a cylindrical jacket, the two ends of which are crimped or clamped suitably between the body of the tool (3 ) and parts of crimping or clamping (14,18), one of said parts (14) being provided with a channel (22) for the passage of the liquid between a liquid supply pipe (2) and the interior of the membrane. 6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pièces (14,18) présente des surfaces tronconiques coopérant avec des surfaces tronconiques correspondantes de l'outil pour serrer les extrémités de la chemise (17).6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said parts (14,18) has frustoconical surfaces cooperating with corresponding frustoconical surfaces of the tool for clamping the ends of the jacket (17). 7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 , caractérisé en ce que le corps de l'outil (3) présente des prolongement longitudinaux (7) séparés par des fentes (8), la membrane (17) étant disposée sous lesdits prolongements et les éléments de creusement (24) se déplaçant à travers lesdites fentes (8).7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the body of the tool (3) has longitudinal extensions (7) separated by slots (8), the membrane (17) being arranged under said extensions and the digging elements (24) moving through said slots (8). 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits prolongements (7) présentent une extrémité libre (10) qui est fixée à une pièce de bout (11) formant une extrémité de l'outil.8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that said extensions (7) have a free end (10) which is fixed to an end piece (11) forming one end of the tool. 9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, loin de l'outil, une chambre de liquide (26) susceptible d'être mise sous pression, et des moyens pour déterminer la variation du volume de liquide dans la chambre pendant l'expansion radiale de la membrane (17).9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises, far from the tool, a liquid chamber (26) capable of being pressurized, and means for determining the variation of the volume of liquid in the chamber during the radial expansion of the membrane (17). 10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un manomètre ou un indicateur de pression permettant de mesurer la pression du liquide pendant le fonctionnement du dispositif.10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a pressure gauge or a pressure indicator for measuring the pressure of the liquid during the operation of the device.
EP83400254A 1982-02-11 1983-02-07 Drilling device Expired EP0086701B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400254T ATE21434T1 (en) 1982-02-11 1983-02-07 DRILLING JIG.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8202224A FR2521209A1 (en) 1982-02-11 1982-02-11 EXPANDABLE CUTTING MEMBER DRILLING TOOL
FR8202224 1982-02-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0086701A1 true EP0086701A1 (en) 1983-08-24
EP0086701B1 EP0086701B1 (en) 1986-08-13

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EP83400254A Expired EP0086701B1 (en) 1982-02-11 1983-02-07 Drilling device

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US (1) US4503919A (en)
EP (1) EP0086701B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58176390A (en)
AT (1) ATE21434T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1188678A (en)
DE (1) DE3365208D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2521209A1 (en)

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US6886633B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2005-05-03 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Bore hole underreamer
US6929076B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2005-08-16 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Bore hole underreamer having extendible cutting arms
US7401666B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2008-07-22 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Reaming and stabilization tool and method for its use in a borehole
US7658241B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2010-02-09 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Underreaming and stabilizing tool and method for its use

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US7036611B2 (en) * 2002-07-30 2006-05-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Expandable reamer apparatus for enlarging boreholes while drilling and methods of use
US20040195006A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-07 Groves William G. Under-reamer tool
US6973978B2 (en) * 2003-04-23 2005-12-13 Varel International, Ltd. Drilling tool having an expandable bladder and method for using same
US7350596B1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-04-01 Attaya James S Methods and apparatus for expanding the diameter of a borehole
US8657039B2 (en) * 2006-12-04 2014-02-25 Baker Hughes Incorporated Restriction element trap for use with an actuation element of a downhole apparatus and method of use
US7900717B2 (en) * 2006-12-04 2011-03-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Expandable reamers for earth boring applications
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US8297381B2 (en) * 2009-07-13 2012-10-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Stabilizer subs for use with expandable reamer apparatus, expandable reamer apparatus including stabilizer subs and related methods
CN105865872B (en) * 2016-04-29 2018-08-24 河南理工大学 It prepares and the axial experimental provision and method at different angle crack of Standard rock sample
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EP0397417A1 (en) * 1989-05-09 1990-11-14 Smith International, Inc. Milling apparatus with replaceable blades
US6886633B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2005-05-03 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Bore hole underreamer
US6929076B2 (en) 2002-10-04 2005-08-16 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Bore hole underreamer having extendible cutting arms
US7658241B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2010-02-09 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Underreaming and stabilizing tool and method for its use
US7401666B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2008-07-22 Security Dbs Nv/Sa Reaming and stabilization tool and method for its use in a borehole
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0233832B2 (en) 1990-07-31
JPS58176390A (en) 1983-10-15
ATE21434T1 (en) 1986-08-15
FR2521209B1 (en) 1984-08-24
US4503919A (en) 1985-03-12
EP0086701B1 (en) 1986-08-13
CA1188678A (en) 1985-06-11
FR2521209A1 (en) 1983-08-12
DE3365208D1 (en) 1986-09-18

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