EP0321610B1 - Oil well safety valve and setting and retrieving tools for such a valve - Google Patents

Oil well safety valve and setting and retrieving tools for such a valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321610B1
EP0321610B1 EP87202600A EP87202600A EP0321610B1 EP 0321610 B1 EP0321610 B1 EP 0321610B1 EP 87202600 A EP87202600 A EP 87202600A EP 87202600 A EP87202600 A EP 87202600A EP 0321610 B1 EP0321610 B1 EP 0321610B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
retaining
sleeve
tool
dogs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87202600A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0321610A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Jacob
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MERIP OIL TOOLS INTERNATIONAL SA
Original Assignee
MERIP OIL TOOLS INTERNATIONAL SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR868611418A priority Critical patent/FR2602820B1/en
Priority to CA000519461A priority patent/CA1273288A/en
Priority to US06/924,438 priority patent/US4729433A/en
Application filed by MERIP OIL TOOLS INTERNATIONAL SA filed Critical MERIP OIL TOOLS INTERNATIONAL SA
Priority to EP87202600A priority patent/EP0321610B1/en
Priority to DE8787202600T priority patent/DE3771339D1/en
Publication of EP0321610A1 publication Critical patent/EP0321610A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0321610B1 publication Critical patent/EP0321610B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/04—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
    • E21B23/0411—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion specially adapted for anchoring tools or the like to the borehole wall or to well tube
    • E21B23/04115—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion specially adapted for anchoring tools or the like to the borehole wall or to well tube using radial pistons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
    • E21B31/12—Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs
    • E21B31/20—Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs gripping internally, e.g. fishing spears
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
    • E21B34/105—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole retrievable, e.g. wire line retrievable, i.e. with an element which can be landed into a landing-nipple provided with a passage for control fluid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/05—Flapper valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety valve intended to be inserted into an oil well production tube in order to ensure its opening or closing.
  • the invention extends to tools and methods of laying and fishing, for the implementation of said valve (See US-A-4,479,539 corresponding to the preamble of the independent claims).
  • the safety valves for oil wells have the function of automatically stopping the production of effluent if an incident occurs at the head of the well or downstream from it. They are hydraulically controlled upon opening from the surface and are closed automatically by means of a powerful return spring as soon as a hydraulic pressure drop, commanded or accidental, occurs. These valves have been the subject of numerous development and improvement studies, and their use has become widespread, in particular in offshore eruptive wells.
  • valves are anchored in a receptacle sleeve housed in the production tube; anchoring is carried out by means of elastic dogs capable of undergoing a radial expansion which cause them to penetrate into an anchoring groove of the receptacle sleeve: these elastic dogs are then locked in their anchoring position by means of a spring which repels a locking ring inside said dogs.
  • dogs elastic and the locking spring of the anchoring system are immersed in the effluent and are subject to the effects of corrosion and deposition of the latter.
  • the present invention proposes to provide an improved safety valve, free from the above-mentioned faults.
  • An object of the invention is in particular to guarantee a correct anchoring of the valve when it is placed in the well.
  • Another objective is to guarantee the satisfactory functioning of said valve on opening and to authorize its anchoring only in the event of complete opening.
  • Another objective is to authorize an easy ascent of the valve in all cases (normal ascent for maintenance operations or emergency ascent in the event of non-operation).
  • Another objective is to provide a valve whose anchoring system does not include any elastic part capable of being subjected to the effects of corrosion or deposition.
  • valve according to the invention is described by assuming it to be in place in an oil well, the terms “top”, “bottom”, “upper”, “lower” referring to this position.
  • said valve is characterized in that its anchoring system is a mechanical system with hydraulic stress, comprising mechanical means for maneuvering and locking the dogs, arranged so as to be subjected to the pressure of the control fluid contained in the aforementioned sealed volume and adapted to repel said dogs radially and lock them in the anchoring groove under the effect of said pressure.
  • the valve body is formed in the upper part by a tubular latch body, composed of two tubular parts assembled in the extension of one another by shear screws making it possible to release them : the lower part contains the dogs, while the upper part has a hanging tool attachment profile at the top.
  • the locking sleeve comprises in its bore a groove for the insertion of retaining dogs equipping said laying tool.
  • Such a valve can be placed in the well by means of the laying tool defined below, which only releases it in the receptacle sleeve, when pressurizing the control fluid, only in the event of '' obtaining a correct anchoring and locking, after complete opening thereof.
  • This installation tool comprises a standard cable descent tool, fitted with fingers for hooking the valve hooking profile, as well as a mandrel for holding the shutter member in the open position; according to the present invention, this tool comprises an insurance device interposed between the standard tool and the mandrel; this assurance device is fixed to the standard tool by a telescopic rod and comprises radially retractable retaining dogs, having a head capable of being inserted in the groove of the locking sleeve of the valve and, opposite , a heel adapted to be housed in the tubular slide of said valve, said retaining dogs being, on the one hand, articulated around median axes urged in the direction of their spacing by elastic means and, on the other hand, stressed by other elastic means tending to spread their heels.
  • the invention extends to a recovery tool allowing the disengagement and the raising of the valve according to the invention.
  • This recovery tool comprises or standard cable lowering tool, equipped with latching fingers for the latching profile of the valve, as well as a mandrel for holding the shutter member in the open position; according to the present invention, this tool comprises a support head interposed between the standard tool and the mandrel, said support head having a lower face capable of coming into contact with the upper end of the valve locking sleeve , in order to be able to push it down during the repechage procedure (detailed below).
  • the safety valve shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 4 is intended to equip an oil well production tube provided with a receptacle sleeve 1.
  • this receptacle sleeve is provided with a line d 'arrival of control fluid 1a and an anchoring groove 1b whose edges are in the form of a conical ramp.
  • Said valve can advantageously have the general structure of the improved valve described in patent application FR-A-8 611 418 filed simultaneously by the applicant;
  • this valve comprises a valve body of generally tubular shape, consisting of several tubular parts secured to each other: upper latch body 2, upper seal holder 3 carrying an upper seal 15, tubular spacer 4, ring-nut 5, spring sleeve 6 having an upper heel 6a carrying a lower seal 16, lower sleeve 7, shutter body 8.
  • the seal holder 3 and the spacer 4 are pierced with lights 3a, 4a for the passage of the control fluid coming from the line 1a.
  • a tubular slide 9 able to move longitudinally in the valve body, between a low position (corresponding to the opening) shown in Figure 1 and a high position (corresponding to the closure) shown in Figure 3.
  • This slide is returned to its upper position by a return spring 10 and is hydraulically controlled downwards by the control fluid arriving via line 1a, when the latter is pressurized.
  • the shutter body 8 comprises a movable shutter member, constituted in the example by a valve 11 which is articulated on said body so as to be able to pivot between an open position retracted on the side (FIG. 1) and a closed position where said valve closes the valve body by applying against a seal carried by it (Figure 3).
  • the valve 11 is returned to the closed position by a spring 12 disposed around its axis of articulation.
  • this shutter member known in itself, can be of another type and in particular a ball member in which the shutter is provided by a spherical part able to move longitudinally with a rotation associated, between an open position and a closed position (a spring recalling the ball to the latter position).
  • the slider 9 Under the effect of the hydraulic control, the slider 9 is moved to its low position until it comes into abutment with the valve nose 8a: said slider then pushes the shutter member 11 and maintains it in the position of opening.
  • the return spring 10 When the pressure of the control fluid accidentally or voluntarily drops, the return spring 10 generates a displacement of the slide upwards, up to its high position where it is set back in the lower sleeve 7 (FIG. 3). The shutter member 11 is then released and closes under the action of its own spring 12.
  • the lower sleeve 7 is equipped with a balancing valve 13 which is actuated, during the reopening, at the start of the descent of the slide, by a cam 9a of the latter, in order to allow pressure balancing below and beyond the shutter member 11.
  • the valve is equipped with a mechanical anchoring system with hydraulic stress, which is more particularly the object of the present invention and which essentially comprises the lock body 2, dogs anchor 54, a locking sleeve 55 and a sliding piston 58.
  • the lock body is screwed by a thread 50 on the contiguous section of the valve body (constituted by the upper seal holder 3). Its lower end 51c internally forms a projection intended to serve as a stop for the sliding piston 58 in the high position.
  • This lock body is composed of two tubular parts, lower 51 and upper 52, which are assembled in the extension of one another by shear screws such as 53. These screws are adapted to break beyond d 'a predetermined shear threshold in order to release the two parts 51 and 52 and to allow, as will be seen below, a rise in the valve in the event of faulty operation.
  • the lower part 51 is provided with floating dogs such as 54, which are housed in guide lights thereof.
  • these dogs are four in number distributed around said part.
  • Each dog formed by a die has upper and lower external chamfers, and lower internal chamfers, so as to be able to play radially when the locking sleeve 55 or the receptacle sleeve 1 comes to bear against one of these chamfers.
  • shoulders 54a provided laterally inside each dog, prevent complete exhaust to the outside of each dog by coming into abutment against the part 51 of the lock body.
  • Each dog can thus protrude from the lock body as shown in Figures 2 and 4 (anchoring position) or on the contrary retract therein (as shown in Figures 5 or 6).
  • the lower part 51 of the lock body has a stop shoulder 51a, which is located below and near the dogs 54.
  • This shoulder has the shape of a conical ramp oriented downwards, so as to come into contact of the conical underside 1bi of the anchoring groove 1b when the valve is lowered into the receptacle sleeve 1.
  • the lock body has, above this shoulder 51a, a slightly larger diameter than below the latter, the bore of the receptacle sleeve 1 having conjugate shapes.
  • the lower part 51 of the lock body is internally provided below the level of the dogs, with a hooking shoulder 51b having the shape of a conical ramp oriented downwards. As will be seen below, this shoulder allows the locking sleeve 55 to be hooked to the part 51 in the event of the screws 53 shearing.
  • the upper part 52 of the lock body is provided in the upper part with a hooking profile 52a which, conventionally, allows the valve to be hooked to a fitting tool when it is placed in the tube. of production.
  • This upper part 52 also comprises an internal face 52b which has the form of a conical ramp oriented downwards, adapted to serve as extreme support for the locking sleeve 55 and for transmitting to the part 52 the upward forces experienced by said socket.
  • the upper part 52 finally comprises an internal shoulder 52c which has the shape of a conical ramp oriented upwards, with a view to allowing said upper part 52 to be hooked onto the locking sleeve 55 after the shearing screws 53 have broken.
  • Said locking sleeve 55 is slidably mounted in the lock body with the interposition of a seal 59 at the sleeve / lower part interface 51; it has a peripheral cam 56 which is adapted to push the dogs 54 outward radially when it reaches their level.
  • This cam 56 has an upper face 56a, which has the shape of a conical ramp oriented upwards, so as to be able to repel the dogs 54 when it comes into contact with them.
  • this upper face 56a is adapted to come to the end of its travel in abutment against the internal face 52b of the upper part 52 of the lock body, with a view to the transmission to the latter of the upward forces experienced by the socket 55. .
  • Said locking sleeve 55 is further provided with a hooking shoulder 55a, located below the level of its cam 56 and combined with the hooking shoulder 51b of the part 51 so as to be able to cooperate with the latter in the event of shearing of the screws 53 after disengagement towards the top of the cam 56 relative to the dogs 54: the part 51 is then hooked to the socket 55.
  • the locking sleeve 55 is externally provided in the upper part with a peripheral attachment 57, constituted in the example by a ring screwed around the latter.
  • This ring has a conical lower face 57a, adapted to be able to come into contact with the internal shoulder 52c of the upper part 52 of the lock body, in order to make a hooking of said upper part on said sleeve after rupture of the shear screws. 53.
  • the locking sleeve comprises, in its bore, a circular groove 55b which, when put in place, allows the fitting tool to hold it (thanks to retaining dogs described below, which includes this- this).
  • this groove 55b is formed at the level of the cam 56 so as to take advantage of the conditioned extra thickness by it.
  • the sliding piston 58 which is called upon to move the locking sleeve 55 towards its high anchoring position is formed by a section of tube, adapted to be able to slide in leaktight manner between the valve body (upper part of the door -joint 3) and the upper end of the slide 9.
  • This sliding piston 58 is provided with an internal seal 21 at the slide / piston-sliding interface, and with an external sealing 24 at the piston-sliding / valve body interface; these seals which limit in the upper part the sealed volume containing the control fluid are of different diameters so as to define a surface by which the sliding piston is subjected to the pressure of the control fluid in order to cause its upward movement .
  • the slide 9 intended to push the shutter member 11 towards its open position has a larger external diameter at the lower seal 22 than at the upper seal 21: thanks to this difference in section, this slide is subjected to the pressure of the control fluid which tends to move it downwards and to compress its return spring 10.
  • the control fluid acts first, on the sliding piston 58 to tend to move it upwards from a low position where the latter is in abutment against a shoulder 3b of the seal carrier 3 (FIG. 2) towards an upper position where said sliding piston abuts against the projection 51c formed by the lower end of the part 51 ( Figures 1 and 2).
  • the sliding piston pushes the locking sleeve 55 causing the cam 56 of the latter to radially maneuver the dogs 54 and to lock them.
  • control fluid acts on the slider 9 to tend to move it downwards, from a high closed position (FIG. 3) where a ring-nut 19 (secured to said slider to serve as support for the return spring 10) comes into upper abutment against the heel 6a of the spring jacket, towards a low opening position (FIG. 1) where said slide comes into abutment against the valve nose 8a.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a valve according to the invention, attached to a setting tool, for its installation in an oil well.
  • This installation tool comprises, in the upper part, a standard cable lowering tool 60, known per se, which conventionally is equipped, on the one hand, with hooking fingers 61, on the other hand, with a lower mandrel 62 (often designated by the term "prong").
  • the fingers 61 make it possible to suspend the valve from the tool by its attachment profile 52a, while the mandrel 62 has the function of keeping the shutter member 11 open during the descent in order to avoid the phenomena of pistoning.
  • the fitting tool according to the invention is provided with an insurance device 63 interposed between the standard tool and the mandrel; this insurance device is fixed to the standard tool by means of a telescopic rod 64 which gives it a capacity for longitudinal translation upwards.
  • the insurance device comprises a central body 65 screwed in the upper part on the telescopic rod 64 and carrying in the lower part the mandrel 62 screwed in a conical tapping thereof.
  • This body 65 has a shape general cylindrical, in which are formed, on the one hand, two opposite millings serving as housing for two retaining dogs 67 described below, on the other hand, two lateral flats 65a to allow the passage of the effluent.
  • This body carries a transverse spring 66 passing through a lumen thereof, a spring at the ends of which the two retaining dogs 67 are articulated. These dogs are thus held elastically by the spring 66 which tends to separate them, each of them being able to pivot around its articulation axis 68. As illustrated in FIG. 7, these axes 68 are guided by slides 65b formed in the body 65 so as to define a position of maximum separation when the axes abut at the bottom slides.
  • Each dog 67 has, in the upper part, a head 67a of a shape adapted to be inserted and snapped into the groove 55b of the locking sleeve 55, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • each dog 67 has in the lower part a heel 67b arranged to be housed in the tubular slide 9 of the valve.
  • another spring 69 is provided between the two dogs to urge their heels in the direction of their separation.
  • the valve being depressurized, its slide 9 is in the high position by the action of the return spring 10; in addition, the sliding piston 58 and the locking sleeve 55 are in the low position, the dogs 54 of the valve being free to fade.
  • the setting tool is introduced into the valve through its upper orifice: its retaining dogs 67a disappear at the level of the locking sleeve 55 by the effect of the spring 66.
  • the retaining dogs 67a reach the level of the groove 55b of this socket, and penetrate and snap into it under the action of the spring 66.
  • the assembly is then lowered in the traditional way into the oil well, until the valve enters the receptacle sleeve 1 thereof (generally located approximately 150 m from the surface).
  • the engagement effort of the seals 15 and 16 is overcome in a conventional manner using a standard slide, hooked above the installation tool to strike it in the manner of a hammer.
  • the dogs 54 of the valve which are floating disappear at the inlet of the receptacle sleeve.
  • the control fluid circuit is then pressurized; the oil enters the sealed volume described above and rises in pressure.
  • the sliding piston 58 of the valve is subjected to an upward force and rises by pushing the locking sleeve 55 to its high position. During its movement, the sleeve operates the dogs 54 and locks them inside the anchoring groove 1b as shown in FIG. 6: the valve is anchored.
  • the slider 9 releases the heels 67b from the tool retaining dogs and, under the action of the spring 69, these dogs pivot around their articulation 68 and their head 67a disappears towards the center as the 'illustrates Figure 8.
  • the locking sleeve 55 is thus released from the installation tool.
  • This fitting tool can then be reassembled in the traditional way (after conventional release of the attachment fingers 61 relative to the attachment profile 52a of the valve).
  • the fitting tool releases the valve by erasing the retaining dogs 67a only when the anchoring thereof is carried out and when it is in the fully open position. Otherwise, the heels 67b of the retaining dogs remain enclosed in the slide, and their head 67a remains engaged in the locking sleeve 55 of the valve.
  • This failure can come from multiple causes: deterioration of the seals 15 and 16 during descent or deterioration of the receptacle sleeve at said seals (preventing pressurization of the sealed volume of valve fluid), deposit due to the effluent in the anchoring groove 1b, (preventing the exit of the dogs 54).
  • the valve is raised, after releasing the fingers 61 of the tool (FIG. 7), by operating percussions upwards by means of the slide.
  • the retaining dogs 67 of the tool remaining attached to the locking sleeve 55 transmit said forces to the said sleeve upwards and bring the upper face 56a of its cam into abutment against the internal face 52b of the upper part 52 of the body lock.
  • the dogs 54 of the valve mechanically pushed outwards, form a fixed point, so that the sliding strokes are reflected on the shear screws 53 which break.
  • the released socket 55 can go up in the lock body until its hooking shoulder 55a abuts against the conjugate shoulder 51b of the part 51 of the lock body as illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the dogs 54 are released again and the backstage additional cause the valve to rise in the receptacle sleeve 1, with release of the seals 15 and 16.
  • valve once properly anchored in the oil well can be closed in a conventional manner by a voluntary or accidental purging of its hydraulic control line. It then comes into the position of FIG. 3.
  • the return spring 10 has caused an displacement upwards of the slide 9, releasing the shutter member 11 which closes under the action of its own spring 12 aided by the well flow.
  • the reopening of the valve is carried out by putting the hydraulic control line under pressure again: the sliding piston 58 rises against the sleeve 55 and against its stop 51c and the opening occurs as previously explained by displacement of the slide 9 towards the low under the pressure of the control fluid.
  • disengaging and the raising of the valve according to the invention can be carried out by means of or a recovery tool as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10.
  • This recovery tool comprises in the upper part a standard cable lowering tool 70, identical to the standard tool 60 of the laying tool.
  • This standard tool 70 is equipped, on the one hand, with hooking fingers 71 adapted to cooperate with the hooking profile 52a of the valve, on the other hand, with a lower sleeve 72 ("prong") suitable for keeping open the obturation member 11 of the valve during descent.
  • the recovery tool according to the invention is provided with a support head 73 interposed between the standard tool 70 and the sleeve 72.
  • This head is screwed by a conical thread under the standard tool and carries the mandrel 72 , which is screwed into it by a conical thread.
  • Said head 73 of generally cylindrical shape, has a lower face 73a capable of coming into contact with the upper end of the locking sleeve 55 of the valve.
  • the hydraulic control line being purged, the tool is struck downwards by means of a conventional slide to push the locking sleeve 55 down by the action of the support head 73 and to engage the fingers 71 of the tool in the attachment profile 52a of the valve.
  • the locking sleeve descends until it comes into abutment against the sliding piston 58, itself in abutment against the shoulder 3b of the seal carrier 3: the dogs 54 of the valve are released and can fade towards the interior.
  • Percussion is then generated upwards on the tool which, by means of the hooking fingers 71, causes the seals 15 and 16 to disengage, the valve then being raised to the cable.
  • a backup procedure is then used to carry out the disengagement, using the preceding tool in which the head 73 has been removed (FIG. 11), the mandrel 72 being directly screwed under the standard tool 70. (For this purpose, the thread of the head 73 is identical to that of the standard tool to allow this modification to be carried out).
  • the tool thus modified can be hooked by its fingers 71 on the attachment profile 52a of the valve, even if the sleeve 55 is blocked in the high position. After obtaining this attachment, we tap upwards using the slide until the screws 53 are sheared, as illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • the upper part 52 of the lock body is then released and rises with the tool 70 until its internal shoulder 52c abuts against the upper ring 57 of the locking sleeve 55.
  • This sleeve 55 then moves at its turn upwards until its hooking shoulder 55a abuts against the conjugate shoulder 51b of the lower part 51 of the lock body.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Preventing Unauthorised Actuation Of Valves (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne une vanne de sécurité destinée à être insérée dans un tube de production de puits pétrolier en vue d'en assurer l'ouverture ou la fermeture. L'invention s'étend à des outils et de procédés de pose et de repêchage, en vue de la mise en oeuvre de ladite vanne (Voir US-A-4 479 539 correspondant au préambule des revendications indépendantes).The invention relates to a safety valve intended to be inserted into an oil well production tube in order to ensure its opening or closing. The invention extends to tools and methods of laying and fishing, for the implementation of said valve (See US-A-4,479,539 corresponding to the preamble of the independent claims).

Les vannes de sécurité pour puits pétroliers ont pour fonction de stopper automatiquement la production d'effluent si un incident survient en tête de puits ou en aval de celles-ci. Elles sont commandées hydrauliquement à l'ouverture depuis la surface et se ferment automatiquement au moyen d'un puissant ressort de rappel dès l'apparition d'une chute de pression hydraulique, commandée ou accidentelle. Ces vannes ont fait l'objet de nombreuses études de mise au point et de perfectionnement, et leur emploi s'est généralisé en particulier dans les puits éruptifs offshore.The safety valves for oil wells have the function of automatically stopping the production of effluent if an incident occurs at the head of the well or downstream from it. They are hydraulically controlled upon opening from the surface and are closed automatically by means of a powerful return spring as soon as a hydraulic pressure drop, commanded or accidental, occurs. These valves have been the subject of numerous development and improvement studies, and their use has become widespread, in particular in offshore eruptive wells.

Lors de leur mise en place, ces vannes sont ancrées dans un manchon-réceptacle logé dans le tube de production ; l'ancrage est réalisé au moyen de chiens élastiques capables de subir une expansion radiale qui les amènent à pénétrer dans une gorge d'ancrage du manchon-réceptacle : ces chiens élastiques sont alors verrouillés dans leur position d'ancrage grâce à un ressort qui repousse une bague de verrouillage à l'intérieur desdits chiens.During their installation, these valves are anchored in a receptacle sleeve housed in the production tube; anchoring is carried out by means of elastic dogs capable of undergoing a radial expansion which cause them to penetrate into an anchoring groove of the receptacle sleeve: these elastic dogs are then locked in their anchoring position by means of a spring which repels a locking ring inside said dogs.

Toutefois, les vannes existantes de ce type présentent des défauts. En premier lieu, l'ancrage est une opération laborieuse effectuée en aveugle à l'intérieur du puits et elle n'est assortie d'aucune garantie de bonne fin, l'opérateur n'ayant aucun moyen de savoir si la vanne est correctement ancrée et verrouillée dans le manchon-réceptacle. En cas de mauvais ancrage, la vanne sera inapte à résister à la pression de l'effluent lors de sa fermeture, ce qui implique un risque très grave de mise en éruption du puits. De même, les vannes existantes ne donnent aucune garantie d'ouverture complète après mise en pression du fluide de commande hydraulique.However, existing valves of this type have faults. Firstly, anchoring is a laborious operation carried out blind inside the well and there is no guarantee of good performance, the operator having no way of knowing if the valve is correctly anchored and locked in the receptacle sleeve. In the event of poor anchoring, the valve will be unable to withstand the pressure of the effluent when it is closed, which implies a very serious risk of the well erupting. Likewise, existing valves give no guarantee of complete opening after the hydraulic control fluid has been pressurized.

En outre, dans ces vannes connues, les chiens élastiques et le ressort de verrouillage du système d'ancrage baignent dans l'effluent et sont soumis aux effets de corrosion et de dépôt de ce dernier.In addition, in these known valves, dogs elastic and the locking spring of the anchoring system are immersed in the effluent and are subject to the effects of corrosion and deposition of the latter.

La présente invention se propose de fournir une vanne de sécurité perfectionnée, exempte des défauts sus-évoqués.The present invention proposes to provide an improved safety valve, free from the above-mentioned faults.

Un objectif de l'invention est en particulier de garantir un ancrage correct de la vanne lors de sa mise en place dans le puits.An object of the invention is in particular to guarantee a correct anchoring of the valve when it is placed in the well.

Un autre objectif est de garantir le fonctionnement satisfaisant de ladite vanne à l'ouverture et de n'autoriser son ancrage qu'en cas d'ouverture complète.Another objective is to guarantee the satisfactory functioning of said valve on opening and to authorize its anchoring only in the event of complete opening.

Un autre objectif est d'autoriser une remontée facile de la vanne dans tous les cas (remontée normale pour les opérations de maintenance ou remontée de secours en cas de non fonctionnement).Another objective is to authorize an easy ascent of the valve in all cases (normal ascent for maintenance operations or emergency ascent in the event of non-operation).

Un autre objectif est de fournir une vanne dont le système d'ancrage ne comporte aucune pièce élastique susceptible d'être soumise à des effets de corrosion ou dépôt.Another objective is to provide a valve whose anchoring system does not include any elastic part capable of being subjected to the effects of corrosion or deposition.

Afin de faciliter la compréhension, la vanne conforme à l'invention est décrite en la supposant en place dans un puits pétrolier, les termes "haut", "bas", "supérieur", "inférieur" se référant à cette position.In order to facilitate understanding, the valve according to the invention is described by assuming it to be in place in an oil well, the terms "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower" referring to this position.

La vanne de sécurité visée par l'invention est du type comprenant :

  • . un corps de vanne de forme générale tubulaire,
  • . un organe mobile d'obturation situé en partie basse dudit corps et sollicité vers sa position de fermeture,
  • . un coulisseau tubulaire agencé pour pouvoir coulisser longitudinalement à l'intérieur du corps de vanne en vue d'engendrer dans son mouvement descendant l'ouverture de l'organe d'obturation,
  • . un ressort de rappel disposé dans un logement annulaire situé entre le coulisseau et le corps de vanne, de façon à solliciter ledit coulisseau vers une position haute correspondant à la fermeture de l'organe d'obturation,
  • . des moyens de déplacement hydraulique du coulisseau vers le bas, comportant une arrivée de fluide de commande à travers le corps de vanne et un volume étanche entre le coulisseau et le corps destiné à recevoir le fluide de commande, le coulisseau présentant une différence de section soumise à la pression du fluide contenu dans ledit volume étanche de façon à subir un effort vers le bas lorsque ledit volume est en pression,
  • . un système d'ancrage situé en partie haute du corps de vanne et adapté pour assujettir celui-ci dans un manchon-réceptacle logé dans le tube de production, ledit système comprenant des moyens d'arrêt du corps de vanne dans ledit manchon-réceptacle et des chiens mobiles radialement en vue de pouvoir pénétrer, dans la position d'arrêt, dans une gorge d'ancrage du manchon-réceptacle,
  • . des garnitures d'étanchéité, inférieure et supérieure, disposées autour du corps de vanne en vue d'assurer une étanchéité à l'interface entre ledit corps de vanne et le manchon-réceptacle à des niveaux situés au-dessous et au-dessus de l'arrivée du fluide de commande.
The safety valve targeted by the invention is of the type comprising:
  • . a valve body of generally tubular shape,
  • . a movable shutter member located in the lower part of said body and urged towards its closed position,
  • . a tubular slide arranged to be able to slide longitudinally inside the valve body in order to generate in its downward movement the opening of the shutter member,
  • . a return spring disposed in an annular housing located between the slide and the valve body, so as to urge said slide towards a high position corresponding to the closing of the shutter member,
  • . means for hydraulic displacement of the slide downwards, comprising an inlet for control fluid through the valve body and a sealed volume between the slide and the body intended to receive the control fluid, the slide having a difference in subject section the pressure of the fluid contained in said sealed volume so as to undergo a downward force when said volume is under pressure,
  • . an anchoring system located in the upper part of the valve body and adapted to secure the latter in a receptacle sleeve housed in the production tube, said system comprising means for stopping the valve body in said receptacle sleeve and dogs movable radially so as to be able to penetrate, in the stopped position, into an anchoring groove in the receptacle sleeve,
  • . sealings, lower and upper, arranged around the valve body in order to ensure a seal at the interface between said valve body and the receptacle sleeve at levels located below and above the arrival of the control fluid.

Selon la présente invention, ladite vanne est caractérisée en ce que son système d'ancrage est un système mécanique à sollicitation hydraulique, comprenant des moyens mécaniques de manoeuvre et de verrouillage des chiens, agencés de façon à être soumis à la pression du fluide de commande contenu dans le volume étanche précité et adaptés pour repousser radialement lesdits chiens et les verrouiller dans la gorge d'ancrage sous l'effet de ladite pression.According to the present invention, said valve is characterized in that its anchoring system is a mechanical system with hydraulic stress, comprising mechanical means for maneuvering and locking the dogs, arranged so as to be subjected to the pressure of the control fluid contained in the aforementioned sealed volume and adapted to repel said dogs radially and lock them in the anchoring groove under the effect of said pressure.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ces moyens de manoeuvre et de verrouillage comprennent :

  • . un piston-baladeur tubulaire, monté coulissant entre deux positions haute et basse dans le corps de vanne autour de la partie haute du coulisseau, ledit piston-baladeur étant agencé pour présenter une surface soumise à la pression du fluide de commande contenu dans le volume étanche de façon à subir un effort vers le haut lorsque ledit volume est en pression,
  • . une douille de verrouillage montée coulissante longitudinalement dans le corps de vanne au-dessus du piston-baladeur en vue de pouvoir être repoussée vers le haut par celui-ci, ladite douille présentant une came périphérique adaptée pour venir en correspondance avec les chiens et repousser radialement ceux-ci dans la position haute du piston baladeur.
According to a preferred embodiment, these operating and locking means comprise:
  • . a tubular sliding piston, mounted sliding between two upper and lower positions in the valve body around the upper part of the slide, said sliding piston being arranged to present a surface subjected to the pressure of the control fluid contained in the sealed volume so as to undergo an upward force when said volume is under pressure,
  • . a locking sleeve slidably mounted longitudinally in the valve body above of the wandering piston in order to be able to be pushed upwards by the latter, said bushing having a peripheral cam adapted to come into correspondence with the dogs and radially push them back into the high position of the wandering piston.

Ainsi, le verrouillage des chiens s'effectue par la douille de verrouillage, laquelle est déplacée vers la position de verrouillage par le piston-baladeur lorsque le fluide de commande est mis sous pression. Aucun moyen élastique n'intervient dans l'obtention de l'ancrage et du verrouillage, de sorte que sont supprimés les graves problèmes de corrosion et de dépôts qui affectent les systèmes d'ancrage classiques. En outre, comme on le verra plus loin, une telle vanne à ancrage commandée hydrauliquement se prête à la mise en oeuvre de procédures de sécurité, garantissant un ancrage et une ouverture correctes de ladite vanne.Thus, the dogs are locked by the locking sleeve, which is moved to the locking position by the sliding piston when the control fluid is pressurized. No elastic means are involved in obtaining anchoring and locking, so that the serious problems of corrosion and deposits which affect conventional anchoring systems are eliminated. Furthermore, as will be seen below, such a hydraulically controlled anchoring valve lends itself to the implementation of safety procedures, guaranteeing correct anchoring and opening of said valve.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le corps de vanne est constitué en partie haute par un corps de verrou tubulaire, composé de deux pièces tubulaires assemblées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre par des vis de cisaillement permettant de les libérer : la pièce inférieure contient les chiens, cependant que la pièce supérieure est dotée en partie haute d'un profil d'accrochage d'un outil de pose. De plus, selon une autre caractéristique, la douille de verrouillage comprend dans son alésage une rainure pour l'insertion de chiens de retenue équipant ledit outil de pose.According to another characteristic of the invention, the valve body is formed in the upper part by a tubular latch body, composed of two tubular parts assembled in the extension of one another by shear screws making it possible to release them : the lower part contains the dogs, while the upper part has a hanging tool attachment profile at the top. In addition, according to another characteristic, the locking sleeve comprises in its bore a groove for the insertion of retaining dogs equipping said laying tool.

Une telle vanne peut être mise en place dans le puits au moyen de l'outil de pose ci-après défini, qui ne la libère dans le manchon-réceptacle, lors de la mise en pression du fluide de commande, qu'en cas d'obtention d'un ancrage et d'un verrouillage correct, après ouverture complète de celle-ci.Such a valve can be placed in the well by means of the laying tool defined below, which only releases it in the receptacle sleeve, when pressurizing the control fluid, only in the event of '' obtaining a correct anchoring and locking, after complete opening thereof.

Cet outil de pose comprend un outil standard de descente au câble, équipé de doigts d'accrochage du profil d'accrochage de la vanne, ainsi que d'un mandrin de maintien de l'organe d'obturation en position ouverte ; selon la présente invention, cet outil comprend un dispositif d'assurance interposé entre l'outil standard et le mandrin ; ce dispositif d'assurance est fixé à l'outil standard par une tige télescopique et comprend des chiens de retenue radialement rétractables, possédant une tête apte à s'insérer dans la rainure de la douille de verrouillage de la vanne et, à l'opposé, un talon adapté pour se loger dans le coulisseau tubulaire de ladite vanne, lesdits chiens de retenue étant, d'une part, articulés autour d'axes médians sollicités dans le sens de leur écartement par des moyens élastiques et, d'autre part, sollicités par d'autres moyens élastiques ayant tendance à écarter leurs talons.This installation tool comprises a standard cable descent tool, fitted with fingers for hooking the valve hooking profile, as well as a mandrel for holding the shutter member in the open position; according to the present invention, this tool comprises an insurance device interposed between the standard tool and the mandrel; this assurance device is fixed to the standard tool by a telescopic rod and comprises radially retractable retaining dogs, having a head capable of being inserted in the groove of the locking sleeve of the valve and, opposite , a heel adapted to be housed in the tubular slide of said valve, said retaining dogs being, on the one hand, articulated around median axes urged in the direction of their spacing by elastic means and, on the other hand, stressed by other elastic means tending to spread their heels.

Par ailleurs, l'invention s'étend à un outil de répêchage permettant le désancrage et la remontée de la vanne conforme à l'invention. Cet outil de repêchage comprend ou outil standard de descente au câble, équipé de doigts d'accrochage du profil d'accrochage de la vanne, ainsi que d'un mandrin de maintien de l'organe d'obturation en position ouverte ; selon la présente invention, cet outil comprend une tête d'appui interposée entre l'outil standard et le mandrin, ladite tête d'appui possédant une face inférieure apte à venir au contact de l'extrémité haute de la douille de verrouillage de la vanne, en vue de pouvoir repousser celle-ci vers le bas lors de la procédure de repéchage (détaillée plus loin).Furthermore, the invention extends to a recovery tool allowing the disengagement and the raising of the valve according to the invention. This recovery tool comprises or standard cable lowering tool, equipped with latching fingers for the latching profile of the valve, as well as a mandrel for holding the shutter member in the open position; according to the present invention, this tool comprises a support head interposed between the standard tool and the mandrel, said support head having a lower face capable of coming into contact with the upper end of the valve locking sleeve , in order to be able to push it down during the repechage procedure (detailed below).

D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit en regard des dessins annexés, lesquels en présentent, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un mode de réalisation préférentiel ; sur ces dessins qui font partie intégrante de la présente description :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale par un plan vertical, d'une vanne conforme à l'invention, en position ouverte, ancrée dans son manchon-réceptacle,
  • la figure 2 est une demi-coupe de détail du système d'ancrage de ladite vanne,
  • la figure 3 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 1, la vanne se trouvant dans la position de fermeture,
  • la figure 4 est une coupe transversale de la vanne par un plan AAʹ (le manchon réceptacle n'étant pas représenté sur cette coupe),
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique, en coupe axiale, de la vanne accrochée à un outil de pose permettant de réaliser son ancrage, (l'outil de pose n'étant pas hachuré à cette figure pour rendre celle-ci plus claire),
  • la figure 6 est une coupe axiale montrant de façon plus détaillée l'outil de pose,
  • la figure 7 est une coupe transversale selon BBʹ de l'outil de pose (la vanne n'étant pas figurée),
  • la figure 8 est une coupe axiale illustrant l'opération d'ancrage normal de la vanne, avant remontée de l'outil de pose,
  • la figure 9 est une coupe axiale, illustrant le cas d'un fonctionnement défectueux de la vanne, celle-ci demeurant accrochée à l'outil de pose en vue de sa remontée,
  • la figure 10 est une coupe axiale de détail de la vanne accrochée à un outil de repêchage, permettant de réaliser son désancrage et sa remontée,
  • enfin la figure 11 est une coupe axiale, illustrant la procédure de désancrage de secours de la vanne en cas d'impossibilité de purger son circuit hydraulique de commande.
Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows with reference to the appended drawings, which present, by way of nonlimiting example, a preferred embodiment; on these drawings which form an integral part of this description:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in axial section through a vertical plane, of a valve according to the invention, in the open position, anchored in its receptacle sleeve,
  • FIG. 2 is a detail half-section of the anchoring system of said valve,
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, the valve being in the closed position,
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section of the valve through a plane AAʹ (the receptacle sleeve not being shown in this section),
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view, in axial section, of the valve attached to a fitting tool making it possible to anchor it (the fitting tool is not hatched in this figure to make it clearer),
  • FIG. 6 is an axial section showing in more detail the installation tool,
  • FIG. 7 is a cross section along BBʹ of the fitting tool (the valve not being shown),
  • FIG. 8 is an axial section illustrating the normal anchoring operation of the valve, before reassembly of the fitting tool,
  • FIG. 9 is an axial section, illustrating the case of a faulty operation of the valve, the latter remaining attached to the fitting tool with a view to raising it,
  • FIG. 10 is an axial detail section of the valve attached to a recovery tool, making it possible to disengage and raise it,
  • finally, FIG. 11 is an axial section, illustrating the emergency disengaging procedure of the valve in the event of it being impossible to purge its hydraulic control circuit.

La vanne de sécurité représentée à titre d'exemple aux figures 1 a 4 est destinée à équiper un tube de production de puits pétrolier doté d'un manchon-réceptacle 1. De façon traditionnelle, ce manchon-réceptacle est pourvu d'une ligne d'arrivée de fluide de commande 1a et d'une gorge d'ancrage 1b dont les bordures sont en forme de rampe conique.The safety valve shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 4 is intended to equip an oil well production tube provided with a receptacle sleeve 1. Traditionally, this receptacle sleeve is provided with a line d 'arrival of control fluid 1a and an anchoring groove 1b whose edges are in the form of a conical ramp.

Ladite vanne peut avantageusement présenter la structure générale de la vanne perfectionnée décrite dans la demande de brevet FR-A-8 611 418 déposée simultanément par la demanderesse ; cette vanne comprend un corps de vanne de forme générale tubulaire, constitué de plusieurs pièces tubulaires assujetties les unes aux autres : corps de verrou supérieur 2, porte-joint supérieur 3 portant une garniture d'étanchéité supérieure 15, entretoise tubulaire 4, bague-écrou de blocage 5, chemise de ressort 6 possédant un talon supérieur 6a portant une garniture d'étanchéité inférieure 16, manchon inférieur 7, corps d'obturateur 8. Le porte-joint 3 et l'entretoise 4 sont percés de lumières 3a, 4a pour le passage du fluide de commande provenant de la ligne 1a.Said valve can advantageously have the general structure of the improved valve described in patent application FR-A-8 611 418 filed simultaneously by the applicant; this valve comprises a valve body of generally tubular shape, consisting of several tubular parts secured to each other: upper latch body 2, upper seal holder 3 carrying an upper seal 15, tubular spacer 4, ring-nut 5, spring sleeve 6 having an upper heel 6a carrying a lower seal 16, lower sleeve 7, shutter body 8. The seal holder 3 and the spacer 4 are pierced with lights 3a, 4a for the passage of the control fluid coming from the line 1a.

A l'intérieur du corps de vanne, est monté un coulisseau tubulaire 9 apte à se déplacer longitudinalement dans le corps de vanne, entre une position basse (correspondant à l'ouverture) représentée à la figure 1 et une position haute (correspondant à la fermeture) représentée à la figure 3. Ce coulisseau est rappelé vers sa position haute par un ressort de rappel 10 et est commandé hydrauliquement vers le bas par le fluide de commande arrivant par la ligne 1a, lorsque cette dernière est mise sous pression.Inside the valve body, is mounted a tubular slide 9 able to move longitudinally in the valve body, between a low position (corresponding to the opening) shown in Figure 1 and a high position (corresponding to the closure) shown in Figure 3. This slide is returned to its upper position by a return spring 10 and is hydraulically controlled downwards by the control fluid arriving via line 1a, when the latter is pressurized.

En partie basse, le corps d'obturateur 8 comporte un organe mobile d'obturation, constitué en l'exemple par un clapet 11 qui est articulé sur ledit corps de façon à pouvoir pivoter entre une position d'ouverture escamotée sur le côté (figure 1) et une position de fermeture où ledit clapet obture le corps de vanne en s'appliquant contre un joint d'étanchéité porté par celui-ci (figure 3). Le clapet 11 est rappelé vers la position de fermeture par un ressort 12 disposé autour de son axe d'articulation. Il est à noter que cet organe d'obturation, connu en lui-même, peut être d'un autre type et en particulier un organe à balle dans lequel l'obturation est assurée par une partie sphérique apte à se déplacer longitudinalement avec une rotation associée, entre une position d'ouverture et une position de fermeture (un ressort rappelant la balle vers cette dernière position).In the lower part, the shutter body 8 comprises a movable shutter member, constituted in the example by a valve 11 which is articulated on said body so as to be able to pivot between an open position retracted on the side (FIG. 1) and a closed position where said valve closes the valve body by applying against a seal carried by it (Figure 3). The valve 11 is returned to the closed position by a spring 12 disposed around its axis of articulation. It should be noted that this shutter member, known in itself, can be of another type and in particular a ball member in which the shutter is provided by a spherical part able to move longitudinally with a rotation associated, between an open position and a closed position (a spring recalling the ball to the latter position).

Sous l'effet de la commande hydraulique, le coulisseau 9 est déplacé vers sa position basse jusqu'à venir en butée avec le nez de vanne 8a : ledit coulisseau repousse alors l'organe d'obturation 11 et le maintient dans la position d'ouverture. Lorsque la pression du fluide de commande baisse accidentellement ou volontairement, le ressort de rappel 10 engendre un déplacement du coulisseau vers le haut, jusqu'à sa position haute où celui-ci se trouve en retrait dans le manchon inférieur 7 (figure 3). L'organe d'obturation 11 est alors libéré et se referme sous l'action de son propre ressort 12.Under the effect of the hydraulic control, the slider 9 is moved to its low position until it comes into abutment with the valve nose 8a: said slider then pushes the shutter member 11 and maintains it in the position of opening. When the pressure of the control fluid accidentally or voluntarily drops, the return spring 10 generates a displacement of the slide upwards, up to its high position where it is set back in the lower sleeve 7 (FIG. 3). The shutter member 11 is then released and closes under the action of its own spring 12.

De façon classique, le manchon inférieur 7 est équipé d'une soupape d'équilibrage 13 qui est actionnée, lors de la réouverture, au début de la descente du coulisseau, par une came 9a de ce dernier, en vue d'autoriser un équilibrage des pressions en-deçà et au-delà de l'organe d'obturation 11.Conventionally, the lower sleeve 7 is equipped with a balancing valve 13 which is actuated, during the reopening, at the start of the descent of the slide, by a cam 9a of the latter, in order to allow pressure balancing below and beyond the shutter member 11.

A l'opposé de cet organe d'obturation, la vanne est équipée d'un système d'ancrage mécanique à sollicitation hydraulique, qui fait plus particulièrement l'objet de la présente invention et qui comprend essentiellement le corps de verrou 2, des chiens d'ancrage 54, une douille de verrouillage 55 et un piston-baladeur 58.Opposite this shutter member, the valve is equipped with a mechanical anchoring system with hydraulic stress, which is more particularly the object of the present invention and which essentially comprises the lock body 2, dogs anchor 54, a locking sleeve 55 and a sliding piston 58.

Le corps de verrou est vissé par un filetage 50 sur le tronçon contigu du corps de vanne (constitué par le porte-joint supérieur 3). Son extrémité basse 51c forme intérieurement une saillie appelée à servir de butée pour le piston-baladeur 58 en position haute.The lock body is screwed by a thread 50 on the contiguous section of the valve body (constituted by the upper seal holder 3). Its lower end 51c internally forms a projection intended to serve as a stop for the sliding piston 58 in the high position.

Ce corps de verrou est composé de deux pièces tubulaires, inférieure 51 et supérieure 52, qui sont assemblées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre par des vis de cisaillement telles que 53. Ces vis sont adaptées pour se rompre au-delà d'un seuil de cisaillement prédéterminé afin de libérer les deux pièces 51 et 52 et de permettre, comme on le verra plus loin, une remontée de la vanne en cas de fonctionnement défectueux.This lock body is composed of two tubular parts, lower 51 and upper 52, which are assembled in the extension of one another by shear screws such as 53. These screws are adapted to break beyond d 'a predetermined shear threshold in order to release the two parts 51 and 52 and to allow, as will be seen below, a rise in the valve in the event of faulty operation.

La pièce inférieure 51 est dotée de chiens flottants tels que 54, qui sont logés dans des lumières de guidage de celle-ci. En l'exemple représenté à la figure 4, ces chiens sont au nombre de quatre répartis autour de ladite pièce. Chaque chien formé par un dé possède des chanfreins externes supérieur et inférieur, et interne inférieur, de façon à pouvoir jouer radialement lorsque la douille de verrouillage 55 ou le manchon-réceptacle 1 vient en appui contre l'un de ces chanfreins. De plus, des épaulements 54a, prévus latéralement à l'intérieur de chaque chien, interdisent l'échappement complet vers l'extérieur de chaque chien en venant en butée contre la pièce 51 du corps de verrou. Chaque chien peut ainsi faire saillie du corps de verrou comme le représente les figures 2 et 4 (position d'ancrage) ou au contraire s'escamoter dans celui-ci (comme représenté aux figures 5 ou 6).The lower part 51 is provided with floating dogs such as 54, which are housed in guide lights thereof. In the example shown in Figure 4, these dogs are four in number distributed around said part. Each dog formed by a die has upper and lower external chamfers, and lower internal chamfers, so as to be able to play radially when the locking sleeve 55 or the receptacle sleeve 1 comes to bear against one of these chamfers. In addition, shoulders 54a, provided laterally inside each dog, prevent complete exhaust to the outside of each dog by coming into abutment against the part 51 of the lock body. Each dog can thus protrude from the lock body as shown in Figures 2 and 4 (anchoring position) or on the contrary retract therein (as shown in Figures 5 or 6).

La pièce inférieure 51 du corps de verrou comporte un épaulement d'arrêt 51a, qui est situé au-dessous et à proximité des chiens 54. Cet épaulement présente la forme d'une rampe conique orientée vers le bas, de façon à venir au contact de la face inférieure conique 1bi de la gorge d'ancrage 1b lorsque la vanne est descendue dans le manchon-réceptacle 1. Le corps de verrou présente, au-dessus de cet épaulement 51a, un diamètre légèrement plus grand qu'au-dessous de celui-ci, l'alésage du manchon-réceptacle 1 ayant des formes conjuguées. Ainsi, lors de la mise en place, la descente de la vanne dans le tube de production est arrêtée lorsque son épaulement 51a vient au contact de la face inférieure 1bi de la gorge d'ancrage, les chiens 54 se trouvant alors en regard de ladite gorge.The lower part 51 of the lock body has a stop shoulder 51a, which is located below and near the dogs 54. This shoulder has the shape of a conical ramp oriented downwards, so as to come into contact of the conical underside 1bi of the anchoring groove 1b when the valve is lowered into the receptacle sleeve 1. The lock body has, above this shoulder 51a, a slightly larger diameter than below the latter, the bore of the receptacle sleeve 1 having conjugate shapes. Thus, during installation, the descent of the valve into the production tube is stopped when its shoulder 51a comes into contact with the lower face 1bi of the anchoring groove, the dogs 54 then being located opposite said throat.

En outre, la pièce inférieure 51 du corps de verrou est intérieurement dotée au-dessous du niveau des chiens, d'un épaulement d'accrochage 51b présentant la forme d'une rampe conique orientée vers le bas. Comme on le verra plus loin, cet épaulement permet l'accrochage de la douille de verrouillage 55 à la pièce 51 en cas de cisaillement des vis 53.In addition, the lower part 51 of the lock body is internally provided below the level of the dogs, with a hooking shoulder 51b having the shape of a conical ramp oriented downwards. As will be seen below, this shoulder allows the locking sleeve 55 to be hooked to the part 51 in the event of the screws 53 shearing.

Par ailleurs, la pièce supérieure 52 du corps de verrou est dotée en partie haute d'un profil d'accrochage 52a qui, de façon classique, permet d'accrocher la vanne à un outil de pose lors de sa mise en place dans le tube de production.Furthermore, the upper part 52 of the lock body is provided in the upper part with a hooking profile 52a which, conventionally, allows the valve to be hooked to a fitting tool when it is placed in the tube. of production.

Cette pièce supérieure 52 comprend également une face interne 52b qui présente la forme d'une rampe conique orientée vers le bas, adaptée pour servir d'appui extrême à la douille de verrouillage 55 et pour transmettre à la pièce 52 les efforts vers le haut subis par ladite douille.This upper part 52 also comprises an internal face 52b which has the form of a conical ramp oriented downwards, adapted to serve as extreme support for the locking sleeve 55 and for transmitting to the part 52 the upward forces experienced by said socket.

La pièce supérieure 52 comprend enfin un épaulement interne 52c qui présente la forme d'une rampe conique orientée vers le haut, en vue de permettre un accrochage de ladite pièce supérieure 52 sur la douille de verrouillage 55 après rupture des vis de cisaillement 53.The upper part 52 finally comprises an internal shoulder 52c which has the shape of a conical ramp oriented upwards, with a view to allowing said upper part 52 to be hooked onto the locking sleeve 55 after the shearing screws 53 have broken.

Le déplacement radial des chiens 54 vers leur position d'ancrage et le verrouillage de ceux-ci dans cette position sont assurés par la douille de verrouillage 55 déjà évoquée, cette douille étant déplacée longitudinalement à cet effet par le piston-baladeur 58.The radial movement of the dogs 54 towards their anchoring position and the locking of these in this position are ensured by the locking sleeve 55 already mentioned, this sleeve being displaced longitudinally for this purpose by the sliding piston 58.

Ladite douille de verrouillage 55 est montée coulissante dans le corps de verrou avec interposition d'un joint d'étanchéité 59 à l'interface douille/pièce inférieure 51 ; elle possède une came périphérique 56 qui est adaptée pour repousser radialement les chiens 54 vers l'extérieur lorsqu'elle parvient au niveau de ceux-ci.Said locking sleeve 55 is slidably mounted in the lock body with the interposition of a seal 59 at the sleeve / lower part interface 51; it has a peripheral cam 56 which is adapted to push the dogs 54 outward radially when it reaches their level.

Cette came 56 possède une face supérieure 56a, qui présente la forme d'une rampe conique orientée vers le haut, de façon à pouvoir repousser les chiens 54 lorsqu'elle rentre en contact avec ceux-ci. De plus, cette face supérieure 56a est adaptée pour venir en bout de course en appui contre la face interne 52b de la pièce supérieure 52 du corps de verrou, en vue de la transmission à cette dernière des efforts vers le haut subis par la douille 55.This cam 56 has an upper face 56a, which has the shape of a conical ramp oriented upwards, so as to be able to repel the dogs 54 when it comes into contact with them. In addition, this upper face 56a is adapted to come to the end of its travel in abutment against the internal face 52b of the upper part 52 of the lock body, with a view to the transmission to the latter of the upward forces experienced by the socket 55. .

Ladite douille de verrouillage 55 est en outre pourvue d'un épaulement d'accrochage 55a, situé au-dessous du niveau de sa came 56 et conjugé de l'épaulement d'accrochage 51b de la pièce 51 de façon à pouvoir coopérer avec ce dernier en cas de cisaillement des vis 53 après dégagement vers le haut de la came 56 par rapport aux chiens 54 : la pièce 51 se trouve alors accrochée à la douille 55.Said locking sleeve 55 is further provided with a hooking shoulder 55a, located below the level of its cam 56 and combined with the hooking shoulder 51b of the part 51 so as to be able to cooperate with the latter in the event of shearing of the screws 53 after disengagement towards the top of the cam 56 relative to the dogs 54: the part 51 is then hooked to the socket 55.

De plus, la douille de verrouillage 55 est extérieurement pourvue en partie haute d'un accrochage périphérique 57, constitué en l'exemple par une bague vissée autour de celle-ci. Cette bague présente une face inférieure conique 57a, adaptée pour pouvoir venir en contact avec l'épaulement interne 52c de la pièce supérieure 52 du corps de verrou, en vue de réaliser un accrochage de ladite pièce supérieure sur ladite douille après rupture des vis de cisaillement 53.In addition, the locking sleeve 55 is externally provided in the upper part with a peripheral attachment 57, constituted in the example by a ring screwed around the latter. This ring has a conical lower face 57a, adapted to be able to come into contact with the internal shoulder 52c of the upper part 52 of the lock body, in order to make a hooking of said upper part on said sleeve after rupture of the shear screws. 53.

Enfin, la douille de verrouillage comprend, dans son alésage, une rainure circulaire 55b qui, lors de la mise en place, permet à l'outil de pose de la maintenir (grâce à des chiens de retenue décrits plus loin, que comporte celui-ci). En l'exemple, cette rainure 55b est ménagée au niveau de la came 56 de façon à profiter de la surépaisseur conditionnée par celle-ci.Finally, the locking sleeve comprises, in its bore, a circular groove 55b which, when put in place, allows the fitting tool to hold it (thanks to retaining dogs described below, which includes this- this). In the example, this groove 55b is formed at the level of the cam 56 so as to take advantage of the conditioned extra thickness by it.

Par ailleurs, le piston-baladeur 58 qui est appelé à déplacer la douille de verrouillage 55 vers sa position haute d'ancrage est formé par un tronçon de tube, adapté pour pouvoir coulisser de façon étanche entre le corps de vanne (partie haute du porte-joint 3) et l'extrémité supérieure du coulisseau 9.Furthermore, the sliding piston 58 which is called upon to move the locking sleeve 55 towards its high anchoring position is formed by a section of tube, adapted to be able to slide in leaktight manner between the valve body (upper part of the door -joint 3) and the upper end of the slide 9.

Ce piston-baladeur 58 est pourvu d'un joint d'étanchéité interne 21 à l'interface coulisseau/piston-baladeur, et d'un joint d'étanchéité externe 24 à l'interface piston-baladeur/corps de vanne ; ces joints qui limitent en partie haute le volume étanche contenant le fluide de commande sont de diamètres différents de façon à définir une surface par laquelle le piston-baladeur est soumis à la pression du fluide de commande en vue d'engendrer son déplacement vers le haut.This sliding piston 58 is provided with an internal seal 21 at the slide / piston-sliding interface, and with an external sealing 24 at the piston-sliding / valve body interface; these seals which limit in the upper part the sealed volume containing the control fluid are of different diameters so as to define a surface by which the sliding piston is subjected to the pressure of the control fluid in order to cause its upward movement .

Le volume étanche contenant le fluide de commande est par ailleurs limité :

  • . en partie basse, à l'interface coulisseau/corps de vanne, par un joint d'étanchéité inférieur 22,
  • . et, de part et d'autre de l'arrivée du fluide de commande 3a, 4a, à l'interface manchon-réceptacle/corps de vanne par les garnitures d'étanchéité 15 et 16.
The sealed volume containing the control fluid is also limited:
  • . in the lower part, at the slide / valve body interface, by a lower seal 22,
  • . and, on either side of the arrival of the control fluid 3a, 4a, at the sleeve-receptacle / valve body interface by the seals 15 and 16.

Le coulisseau 9 destiné à repousser l'organe d'obturation 11 vers sa position d'ouverture présente un diamètre externe plus grand au niveau du joint inférieur 22 qu'au niveau du joint supérieur 21 : grâce à cette différence de section, ce coulisseau est soumis à la pression du fluide de commande qui tend à le déplacer vers le bas et à comprimer son ressort de rappel 10.The slide 9 intended to push the shutter member 11 towards its open position has a larger external diameter at the lower seal 22 than at the upper seal 21: thanks to this difference in section, this slide is subjected to the pressure of the control fluid which tends to move it downwards and to compress its return spring 10.

Ainsi dans la vanne conforme à l'invention, le fluide de commande agit en premier lieu, sur le piston-baladeur 58 pour tendre à le déplacer vers le haut depuis une position basse où celui-ci se trouve en butée contre un épaulement 3b du porte-joint 3 (figure 2) vers une position haute où ledit piston-baladeur vient en butée contre la saillie 51c que forme l'extrémité basse de la pièce 51 (figures 1 et 2). Au cours de son déplacement, le piston-baladeur repousse la douille de verrouillage 55 amenant la came 56 de celle-ci à manoeuvrer radialement les chiens 54 et à les verrouiller.Thus in the valve according to the invention, the control fluid acts first, on the sliding piston 58 to tend to move it upwards from a low position where the latter is in abutment against a shoulder 3b of the seal carrier 3 (FIG. 2) towards an upper position where said sliding piston abuts against the projection 51c formed by the lower end of the part 51 (Figures 1 and 2). During its movement, the sliding piston pushes the locking sleeve 55 causing the cam 56 of the latter to radially maneuver the dogs 54 and to lock them.

D'autre part, le fluide de commande agit sur le coulisseau 9 pour tendre à le déplacer vers le bas, depuis une position haute d'obturation (figure 3) où une bague-écrou 19 (solidarisée audit coulisseau pour servir d'appui au ressort de rappel 10) vient en butée supérieure contre le talon 6a de la chemise de ressort, vers une position basse d'ouverture (figure 1) où ledit coulisseau vient en butée contre le nez de vanne 8a.On the other hand, the control fluid acts on the slider 9 to tend to move it downwards, from a high closed position (FIG. 3) where a ring-nut 19 (secured to said slider to serve as support for the return spring 10) comes into upper abutment against the heel 6a of the spring jacket, towards a low opening position (FIG. 1) where said slide comes into abutment against the valve nose 8a.

La structure de la vanne conforme à l'invention ayant été décrite en détail, on va préciser ci-après les procédures d'ancrage et de désancrage et décrire les outils correspondants, dits outil de pose et outil de repéchage, en référence aux figures 5 à 11.The structure of the valve according to the invention having been described in detail, we will specify below the anchoring and undocking procedures and describe the corresponding tools, known as the setting tool and the repechage tool, with reference to Figures 5 at 11.

Les figures 5 et 6 présentent une vanne conforme à l'invention, accrochée à un outil de pose, en vue de sa mise en place dans un puits pétrolier.Figures 5 and 6 show a valve according to the invention, attached to a setting tool, for its installation in an oil well.

Cet outil de pose comprend, en partie haute, un outil standard de descente au câble 60, connu en soi, qui de façon classique est équipé, d'une part, de doigts d'accrochage 61, d'autre part, d'un mandrin inférieur 62 (souvent désigné par le terme "prong"). Les doigts 61 permettent de suspendre la vanne à l'outil par son profil d'accrochage 52a, cependant que le mandrin 62 a pour fonction de maintenir ouvert l'organe d'obturation 11 pendant la descente afin d'éviter les phénomènes de pistonnage.This installation tool comprises, in the upper part, a standard cable lowering tool 60, known per se, which conventionally is equipped, on the one hand, with hooking fingers 61, on the other hand, with a lower mandrel 62 (often designated by the term "prong"). The fingers 61 make it possible to suspend the valve from the tool by its attachment profile 52a, while the mandrel 62 has the function of keeping the shutter member 11 open during the descent in order to avoid the phenomena of pistoning.

L'outil de pose conforme à l'invention est pourvu d'un dispositif d'assurance 63 interposé entre l'outil standard et le mandrin ; ce dispositif d'assurance est fixé à l'outil standard par l'intermédiaire d'une tige télescopique 64 qui lui confère une faculté de translation longitudinale vers le haut.The fitting tool according to the invention is provided with an insurance device 63 interposed between the standard tool and the mandrel; this insurance device is fixed to the standard tool by means of a telescopic rod 64 which gives it a capacity for longitudinal translation upwards.

Le dispositif d'assurance comprend un corps central 65 vissé en partie haute sur la tige télescopique 64 et portant en partie basse le mandrin 62 vissé dans un taraudage conique de celui-ci. Ce corps 65 présente une forme générale cylindrique, dans lequel sont ménagés, d'une part, deux fraisages opposés servant de logement à deux chiens de retenue 67 ci-après décrit, d'autre part, deux méplats latéraux 65a pour autoriser le passage de l'effluent.The insurance device comprises a central body 65 screwed in the upper part on the telescopic rod 64 and carrying in the lower part the mandrel 62 screwed in a conical tapping thereof. This body 65 has a shape general cylindrical, in which are formed, on the one hand, two opposite millings serving as housing for two retaining dogs 67 described below, on the other hand, two lateral flats 65a to allow the passage of the effluent.

Ce corps porte un ressort transversal 66 traversant une lumière de celui-ci, ressort aux extrémités duquel sont articulés les deux chiens de retenue 67. Ces chiens sont ainsi maintenus élastiquement par le ressort 66 qui a tendance à les écarter, chacun d'eux pouvant pivoter autour de son axe d'articulation 68. Comme l'illustre la figure 7, ces axes 68 sont guidés par des glissières 65b pratiquées dans le corps 65 de façon à définir une position d'écartement maximum lorsque les axes viennent en butée au fond des glissières.This body carries a transverse spring 66 passing through a lumen thereof, a spring at the ends of which the two retaining dogs 67 are articulated. These dogs are thus held elastically by the spring 66 which tends to separate them, each of them being able to pivot around its articulation axis 68. As illustrated in FIG. 7, these axes 68 are guided by slides 65b formed in the body 65 so as to define a position of maximum separation when the axes abut at the bottom slides.

Chaque chien 67 possède, en partie haute, une tête 67a de forme adaptée pour s'insérer et s'encliqueter dans la rainure 55b de la douille de verrouillage 55, comme le représente la figure 6.Each dog 67 has, in the upper part, a head 67a of a shape adapted to be inserted and snapped into the groove 55b of the locking sleeve 55, as shown in FIG. 6.

En outre, chaque chien 67 possède en partie basse un talon 67b agencé pour se loger dans le coulisseau tubulaire 9 de la vanne. Au voisinage des talons 67b, un autre ressort 69 est prévu entre les deux chiens pour solliciter leurs talons dans le sens de leur écartement.In addition, each dog 67 has in the lower part a heel 67b arranged to be housed in the tubular slide 9 of the valve. In the vicinity of the heels 67b, another spring 69 is provided between the two dogs to urge their heels in the direction of their separation.

La mise en place de la vanne au moyen d'un tel outil de pose est réalisée de la façon suivante.The positioning of the valve by means of such a fitting tool is carried out as follows.

La vanne étant hors pression, son coulisseau 9 se trouve en position haute par l'action du ressort de rappel 10 ; de plus, le piston-baladeur 58 et la douille de verrouillage 55 sont en position basse, les chiens 54 de la vanne étant libres de s'effacer. L'outil de pose est introduit dans la vanne par son orifice supérieur : ses chiens de retenue 67a s'effacent au niveau de la douille de verrouillage 55 par l'effet du ressort 66. Lorsque les doigts 61 de l'outil s'accrochent sur le profil d'accrochage 52a de la vanne, les chiens de retenue 67a parviennent au niveau de la rainure 55b de cette douille, et pénètrent et s'encliquettent dans celle-ci sous l'action du ressort 66. Dans cette position schématisée aux figures 5 et 6, les talons 67b des chiens de retenue sont logés dans le coulisseau 9 de la vanne et repoussés vers le centre, avec compression du ressort 69. De plus, le mandrin 62 repousse l'organe d'obturation 11 qu'il maintient ouvert.The valve being depressurized, its slide 9 is in the high position by the action of the return spring 10; in addition, the sliding piston 58 and the locking sleeve 55 are in the low position, the dogs 54 of the valve being free to fade. The setting tool is introduced into the valve through its upper orifice: its retaining dogs 67a disappear at the level of the locking sleeve 55 by the effect of the spring 66. When the fingers 61 of the tool catch on on the attachment profile 52a of the valve, the retaining dogs 67a reach the level of the groove 55b of this socket, and penetrate and snap into it under the action of the spring 66. In this position shown diagrammatically at Figures 5 and 6, the heels 67b of the retaining dogs are housed in the slide 9 of the valve and pushed back towards the center, with compression of the spring 69. In addition, the mandrel 62 pushes the closure member 11 which it keeps open.

L'ensemble est alors descendu de façon traditionnelle dans le puits pétrolier, jusqu'à ce que la vanne pénètre dans le manchon-réceptacle 1 de celui-ci (généralement situé à environ 150 m de la surface). L'effort d'engagement des garnitures d'étanchéité 15 et 16 est vaincu de façon classique à l'aide d'une coulisse standard, accrochée au-dessus de l'outil de pose pour percuter celui-ci à la manière d'un marteau. Les chiens 54 de la vanne qui sont flottants s'effacent à l'entrée du manchon-réceptacle.The assembly is then lowered in the traditional way into the oil well, until the valve enters the receptacle sleeve 1 thereof (generally located approximately 150 m from the surface). The engagement effort of the seals 15 and 16 is overcome in a conventional manner using a standard slide, hooked above the installation tool to strike it in the manner of a hammer. The dogs 54 of the valve which are floating disappear at the inlet of the receptacle sleeve.

L'engagement dans le manchon-réceptacle se poursuit jusqu'à ce que la vanne soit arrêtée par l'épaulement d'arrêt 1bi du manchon-réceptacle, contre lequel vient en butée l'épaulement d'arrêt 51a de celle-ci (figure 8).The engagement in the receptacle sleeve continues until the valve is stopped by the stop shoulder 1bi of the receptacle sleeve, against which the stop shoulder 51a of the latter comes into abutment (FIG. 8).

On pressurise alors le circuit de fluide de commande ; l'huile pénètre dans le volume étanche décrit précédemment et monte en pression. Le piston-baladeur 58 de la vanne subit une force vers le haut et monte en repoussant la douille de verrouillage 55 jusqu'à sa position haute. Au cours de son déplacement, la douille manoeuvre les chiens 54 et les verrouille à l'intérieur de la gorge d'ancrage 1b comme le montre la figure 6 : la vanne est ancrée.The control fluid circuit is then pressurized; the oil enters the sealed volume described above and rises in pressure. The sliding piston 58 of the valve is subjected to an upward force and rises by pushing the locking sleeve 55 to its high position. During its movement, the sleeve operates the dogs 54 and locks them inside the anchoring groove 1b as shown in FIG. 6: the valve is anchored.

Il est à noter que, en remontant, la douille 55 qui est toujours accrochée aux chiens de retenue 67 du dispositif d'assurance, déplace ce dernier vers le haut par le jeu de la tige télescopique 64.It should be noted that, when going up, the sleeve 55 which is still attached to the retaining dogs 67 of the insurance device, moves the latter upwards by the play of the telescopic rod 64.

La pression de l'huile continue à monter jusqu'à vaincre la force de rappel du ressort 10 : le coulisseau 9 se déplace alors vers le bas jusqu'à venir en butée contre le nez de vanne 8a ; l'organe d'obturation est repoussé vers la position d'ouverture : la vanne est ouverte (position de la figure 1).The oil pressure continues to rise until overcoming the return force of the spring 10: the slide 9 then moves downwards until it comes into abutment against the valve nose 8a; the shutter member is pushed back to the open position: the valve is open (position in FIG. 1).

En fin de course, le coulisseau 9 dégage les talons 67b des chiens de retenue de l'outil et, sous l'action du ressort 69, ces chiens pivotent autour de leur articulation 68 et leur tête 67a s'efface vers le centre comme l'illustre la figure 8. La douille de verrouillage 55 est ainsi libérée de l'outil de pose.At the end of the race, the slider 9 releases the heels 67b from the tool retaining dogs and, under the action of the spring 69, these dogs pivot around their articulation 68 and their head 67a disappears towards the center as the 'illustrates Figure 8. The locking sleeve 55 is thus released from the installation tool.

Cet outil de pose peut alors être remonté de façon traditionnelle (après dégagement classique des doigts d'accrochage 61 par rapport au profil d'accrochage 52a de la vanne).This fitting tool can then be reassembled in the traditional way (after conventional release of the attachment fingers 61 relative to the attachment profile 52a of the valve).

Il est essentiel de souligner que l'outil de pose ne relâche la vanne par effacement des chiens de retenue 67a que lorsque l'ancrage de celle-ci est réalisé et lorsqu'elle se trouve en position d'ouverture totale. A défaut, les talons 67b des chiens de retenue demeurent enserrés dans le coulisseau, et leur tête 67a reste en prise dans la douille de verrouillage 55 de la vanne.It is essential to emphasize that the fitting tool releases the valve by erasing the retaining dogs 67a only when the anchoring thereof is carried out and when it is in the fully open position. Otherwise, the heels 67b of the retaining dogs remain enclosed in the slide, and their head 67a remains engaged in the locking sleeve 55 of the valve.

Dans le cas où l'une des conditions de fonctionnement correct n'est pas satisfaite (ancrage non réalisé ou ouverture défectueuse), la vanne reste donc accrochée à l'outil de pose et remonte avec celui-ci.In the event that one of the correct operating conditions is not satisfied (anchoring not carried out or faulty opening), the valve therefore remains attached to the fitting tool and rises with it.

Cette défaillance peut provenir de multiples causes: détérioration des garnitures d'étanchéité 15 et 16 en cours de descente ou détérioration du manchon-réceptacle au niveau desdites garnitures (interdisant une mise en pression du volume étanche de fluide de la vanne), dépôt dû à l'effluent dans la gorge d'ancrage 1b, (empêchant la sortie des chiens 54).This failure can come from multiple causes: deterioration of the seals 15 and 16 during descent or deterioration of the receptacle sleeve at said seals (preventing pressurization of the sealed volume of valve fluid), deposit due to the effluent in the anchoring groove 1b, (preventing the exit of the dogs 54).

En cas de telles déficiences, la remontée de la vanne est assurée, après dégagement des doigts 61 de l'outil (figure 7), en opérant des percussions vers le haut au moyen de la coulisse. Les chiens de retenue 67 de l'outil demeurant accrochés à la douille de verrouillage 55 transmettent à ladite douille les efforts vers le haut et amènent la face supérieure 56a de sa came en butée contre la face interne 52b de la pièce supérieure 52 du corps de verrou. Les chiens 54 de la vanne, mécaniquement repoussés vers l'extérieur, font point fixe, de sorte que les coups de coulisse se répercutent sur les vis de cisaillement 53 qui cassent. La douille 55 libérée peut remonter dans le corps de verrou jusqu'à ce que son épaulement d'accrochage 55a vienne en butée contre l'épaulement conjugué 51b de la pièce 51 du corps de verrou comme l'illustre la figure 9. Les chiens 54 sont à nouveau libérés et les coups de coulisse supplémentaires engendrent une remontée de la vanne dans le manchon-réceptacle 1, avec dégagement des garnitures d'étanchéité 15 et 16.In the event of such deficiencies, the valve is raised, after releasing the fingers 61 of the tool (FIG. 7), by operating percussions upwards by means of the slide. The retaining dogs 67 of the tool remaining attached to the locking sleeve 55 transmit said forces to the said sleeve upwards and bring the upper face 56a of its cam into abutment against the internal face 52b of the upper part 52 of the body lock. The dogs 54 of the valve, mechanically pushed outwards, form a fixed point, so that the sliding strokes are reflected on the shear screws 53 which break. The released socket 55 can go up in the lock body until its hooking shoulder 55a abuts against the conjugate shoulder 51b of the part 51 of the lock body as illustrated in FIG. 9. The dogs 54 are released again and the backstage additional cause the valve to rise in the receptacle sleeve 1, with release of the seals 15 and 16.

Par ailleurs, la vanne une fois correctement ancrée dans le puits pétrolier peut être refermée de façon classique par une purge volontaire ou accidentelle de sa ligne de commande hydraulique. Elle vient alors dans la position de la figure 3. Le ressort de rappel 10 a entraîné un déplacement vers le haut du coulisseau 9, libérant l'organe d'obturation 11 lequel se referme sous l'action de son ressort propre 12 aidé par le débit du puits.Furthermore, the valve once properly anchored in the oil well can be closed in a conventional manner by a voluntary or accidental purging of its hydraulic control line. It then comes into the position of FIG. 3. The return spring 10 has caused an displacement upwards of the slide 9, releasing the shutter member 11 which closes under the action of its own spring 12 aided by the well flow.

Une fois la vanne fermée, le puits ne débite plus, mais les pressions sont équilibrées au-dessus et au-dessous de l'organe 11 tant que le tube de production n'est pas purgé dans son tronçon supérieur. La pression qui règne dans ce dernier agit sur le piston-baladeur 58 qui redescend dans sa position basse ; toutefois, la douille 55 reste en place grâce à la dureté du joint 59.Once the valve is closed, the well no longer flows, but the pressures are balanced above and below the member 11 as long as the production tube is not purged in its upper section. The pressure prevailing in the latter acts on the sliding piston 58 which descends to its low position; however, the sleeve 55 remains in place thanks to the hardness of the seal 59.

Lorsque l'on effectue la purge du tronçon supérieur du tube de production, la pression amont du puits s'applique sur la section complète de la vanne ; les chiens 54 de la vanne viennent alors s'appliquer contre la face supérieure conique de la gorge d'ancrage 1b, ce qui conditionne un effet de verrouillage de la douille 55 d'autant plus puissant que la pression du puits est élevée : la vanne bénéficie d'un auto-verrouillage proportionnel à la pression du puits.When purging the upper section of the production tube, the upstream pressure from the well is applied to the entire section of the valve; the dogs 54 of the valve then come to apply against the conical upper face of the anchoring groove 1b, which conditions a locking effect of the sleeve 55 all the more powerful as the pressure of the well is high: the valve benefits from self-locking proportional to the well pressure.

La réouverture de la vanne est réalisée en mettant à nouveau en pression la ligne de commande hydraulique : le piston-baladeur 58 remonte contre la douille 55 et contre sa butée 51c et l'ouverture se produit comme précédemment expliqué par déplacement du coulisseau 9 vers le bas sous la pression du fluide de commande.The reopening of the valve is carried out by putting the hydraulic control line under pressure again: the sliding piston 58 rises against the sleeve 55 and against its stop 51c and the opening occurs as previously explained by displacement of the slide 9 towards the low under the pressure of the control fluid.

Par ailleurs, le désancrage et la remontée de la vanne conforme à l'invention peuvent être réalisés au moyen d'ou outil de repêchage tel que schématisé à la figure 10.Furthermore, the disengaging and the raising of the valve according to the invention can be carried out by means of or a recovery tool as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10.

Cet outil de repêchage comprend en partie haute un outil standard de descente au câble 70, identique à l'outil standard 60 de l'outil de pose. Cet outil standard 70 est équipé, d'une part, de doigts d'accrochage 71 adaptés pour coopérer avec le profil d'accrochage 52a de la vanne, d'autre part, d'un manchon inférieur 72 ("prong") propre à maintenir ouvert l'organe d'obturation 11 de la vanne pendant la descente.This recovery tool comprises in the upper part a standard cable lowering tool 70, identical to the standard tool 60 of the laying tool. This standard tool 70 is equipped, on the one hand, with hooking fingers 71 adapted to cooperate with the hooking profile 52a of the valve, on the other hand, with a lower sleeve 72 ("prong") suitable for keeping open the obturation member 11 of the valve during descent.

L'outil de repêchage conforme à l'invention est pourvu d'une tête d'appui 73 interposée entre l'outil standard 70 et le manchon 72. Cette tête est vissée par un filetage conique sous l'outil standard et porte le mandrin 72, lequel est vissé dans celle-ci par un filetage conique.The recovery tool according to the invention is provided with a support head 73 interposed between the standard tool 70 and the sleeve 72. This head is screwed by a conical thread under the standard tool and carries the mandrel 72 , which is screwed into it by a conical thread.

Ladite tête 73, de forme générale cylindrique, possède une face inférieure 73a apte à venir au contact de l'extrémité haute de la douille de verrouillage 55 de la vanne.Said head 73, of generally cylindrical shape, has a lower face 73a capable of coming into contact with the upper end of the locking sleeve 55 of the valve.

La ligne de commande hydraulique étant purgée, on percute l'outil vers le bas au moyen d'une coulisse classique pour repousser la douille de verrouillage 55 vers le bas par l'action de la tête d'appui 73 et pour engager les doigts 71 de l'outil dans le profil d'accrochage 52a de la vanne. La douille de verrouillage descend jusqu'à venir en butée contre le piston-baladeur 58, lui-même en butée contre l'épaulement 3b du porte-joint 3 : les chiens 54 de la vanne sont libérés et peuvent s'effacer vers l'intérieur.The hydraulic control line being purged, the tool is struck downwards by means of a conventional slide to push the locking sleeve 55 down by the action of the support head 73 and to engage the fingers 71 of the tool in the attachment profile 52a of the valve. The locking sleeve descends until it comes into abutment against the sliding piston 58, itself in abutment against the shoulder 3b of the seal carrier 3: the dogs 54 of the valve are released and can fade towards the interior.

On engendre alors des percussions vers le haut sur l'outil qui, par l'entremise des doigts d'accrochage 71, entraîne un déboîtement des garnitures d'étanchéité 15 et 16, la vanne étant ensuite remontée au câble.Percussion is then generated upwards on the tool which, by means of the hooking fingers 71, causes the seals 15 and 16 to disengage, the valve then being raised to the cable.

Dans le cas où la ligne de commande hydraulique s'avèrerait impossible à purger, il n'est plus possible d'accrocher les doigts 71 de l'outil au profil d'accrochage 52a de la vanne, puisque la douille 55 est maintenue en position haute par la pression.In the event that the hydraulic control line turns out to be impossible to purge, it is no longer possible to hook the fingers 71 of the tool to the attachment profile 52a of the valve, since the sleeve 55 is held in position high by pressure.

On utilise alors pour réaliser le désancrage, une procédure de secours au moyen de l'outil précédent dans lequel la tête 73 a été retirée (figure 11), le mandrin 72 étant directement vissé sous l'outil standard 70. (A cet effet, le taraudage de la tête 73 est identique à celui de l'outil standard pour permettre d'effectuer cette modification).A backup procedure is then used to carry out the disengagement, using the preceding tool in which the head 73 has been removed (FIG. 11), the mandrel 72 being directly screwed under the standard tool 70. (For this purpose, the thread of the head 73 is identical to that of the standard tool to allow this modification to be carried out).

L'outil ainsi modifié peut s'accrocher par ses doigts 71 sur le profil d'accrochage 52a de la vanne, même si la douille 55 se trouve bloquée en position haute. Après obtention de cet accrochage, on tape vers le haut à l'aide de la coulisse jusqu'à cisailler les vis 53, comme l'illustre la figure 11.The tool thus modified can be hooked by its fingers 71 on the attachment profile 52a of the valve, even if the sleeve 55 is blocked in the high position. After obtaining this attachment, we tap upwards using the slide until the screws 53 are sheared, as illustrated in FIG. 11.

La pièce supérieure 52 du corps de verrou est alors libérée et remonte avec l'outil 70 jusqu'à ce que son épaulement interne 52c vienne en butée contre la bague supérieure 57 de la douille de verrouillage 55. Cette douille 55 se déplace alors à son tour vers le haut jusqu'à ce que son épaulement d'accrochage 55a vienne en butée contre l'épaulement conjugué 51b de la pièce inférieure 51 du corps de verrou.The upper part 52 of the lock body is then released and rises with the tool 70 until its internal shoulder 52c abuts against the upper ring 57 of the locking sleeve 55. This sleeve 55 then moves at its turn upwards until its hooking shoulder 55a abuts against the conjugate shoulder 51b of the lower part 51 of the lock body.

Dans cette position, les chiens 54 de la vanne sont libérés et l'ensemble peut remonter sous l'effet des chocs vers le haut de la coulisse : les garnitures d'étanchéité 15 et 16 se dégagent du manchon-réceptacle 1 et la vanne remonte dans le puits (les différentes pièces du verrou se trouvant accrochées les unes aux autres : pièce inférieure 51 accrochée à la douille 55, douille 55 accrochée à la pièce supérieure 52, pièce supérieure 52 accrochée à l'outil).In this position, the dogs 54 of the valve are released and the assembly can go up under the effect of impacts up the slide: the seals 15 and 16 are released from the receptacle sleeve 1 and the valve rises in the well (the different parts of the lock being hooked to each other: lower part 51 hooked to the socket 55, socket 55 hooked to the upper part 52, upper part 52 hooked to the tool).

Claims (10)

  1. Safety valve intended for insertion in an oil well production pipe with a view to ensuring its opening or closing, whereby said valve comprises:
    . a valve body of in general tubular shape,
    . a mobile closure device (11), located at the low part of said body and acted upon in the direction towards its position of closure,
    . tubular slide (9) so designed as to be capable of sliding longitudinally within the body of the valve in order to cause, during its descending movement, opening of the closure device,
    . a return spring (10) arranged in an annular recess located between the slide and the body of the valve so as to act upon said slide in the direction towards an upper position in which the closure device is closed,
    . means for hydraulic downward displacement of the slide, comprising an inlet for actuating fluid (3a, 4a) leading through the body of the valve and a sealed space between the slide and the body intended to receive the actuating fluid, with the slide presenting a difference in cross-section subject to the pressure of the fluid contained in said sealed space so as to be subject to a downward force when said space is pressurised,
    . an anchoring system (14) located at the upper end of the valve body and so designed as to fasten the latter within a sleeve socket (1) situated in the production pipe, with said system comprising dogs (54) which are radially mobile so as to be able to enter into an anchoring groove (1b) of the sleeve socket, a tubular sliding piston (58) mounted so as to slide within the valve body and so designed as to present a surface which is acted upon by the pressure of the actuating fluid with a view to being subject to an upward force when said actuating fluid is pressurised, as well as a locking sleeve (55) arranged, in a state of pressure equilibrium, above the sliding piston with a view to being capable of being pushed back by the latter in the upward direction, said sleeve having a peripheral cam (56) so designed as to push back the dogs radially when it reaches their level in the so-called anchoring position,
    . packings - a lower packing (16) and an upper packing (15), arranged about the valve body in order to ensure sealing at the interface between said valve body and the sleeve socket at levels located below and above the inlet for the actuating fluid,
    said safety valve being characterised in that :
    . sliding piston (58) is arranged in sliding manner within the valve body so as to be capable of moving freely within said body between a low stop position and a high stop position, said piston being subject to the fluid pressures only in the absence of any mechanical blockage along the height of its displacement,
    . locking sleeve (55) is, in a state of pressure equilibrium, arranged in sliding manner within the valve body, independently of the sliding piston, so that the latter can only apply an upward thrust on said valve body without it being possible for said sleeve to be driven when the latter is in the upper anchoring position,
    . the valve body is provided on its peripheral surface with a retaining shoulder (51a) so designed as to co-operate in the anchoring position with retaining means (1bi) of the sleeve socket, said valve body presenting a smaller diameter in its section located below said retaining shoulder so as to permit its introduction into the sleeve socket until its retaining shoulder (51a) comes to abut the retaining means (1bi) of said sleeve socket.
  2. Safety valve according to claim 1, characterised in that a seal (59) is interposed between locking sleeve (55) and valve body (51) in order to ensure, by its hardness, that said sleeve will be held in position.
  3. Safety valve according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that :
    . packings (15, 16) are situated immediately above and below an actuating fluid inlet (3a, 4a) in the valve body so that said fluid penetrates directly to the inside of said valve body, between the latter and slide (9),
    . the sealed space containing the actuating fluid is entirely located between said valve body and said slide,
    . said sealed space is bounded at the upper end, on the one hand by a sealing ring (24) located on the outer surface of sliding piston (58) at the interface between said sliding piston and the valve body, and on the other hand by a sealing ring (21), the diameter of which is smaller than that of the first-mentioned sealing ring, said sealing ring (21) being located on the internal surface of sliding piston (58) at the interface between the sliding piston and the slide, whereby said slide (9) has a height so designed as to cover at least partly said sliding piston, whatever the relative position of these devices.
  4. Safety valve according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that locking sleeve (55) comprises within its bore a groove (55b), the cross-section of which is suitable for inserting retaining dogs such as form part of a setting tool.
  5. Safety valve according to one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, in which :
    . the valve body is, at its upper end, constituted by a tubular lock body (51, 52) screwed on to the lower adjoining section (3) of said valve body,
    . sliding piston (58) is, in the absence of a blockage, arranged in freely sliding manner within said lower adjoining section (3), whereas lower end (51c) of the lock body forms, on its inside, a projection for stopping the sliding piston in its upper position,
    . locking sleeve (55) is arranged in freely sliding manner within the lock body so as to be capable of resting against the upper end of sliding piston (58).
  6. Safety valve according to claim 5, characterised in that :
    (a) the lock body is composed of two tubular sections, i.e. an upper section (52) and a lower section (51) assembled in extension of one another by means of shearing screws (53) enabling their release,
    (b) upper section (52) of said lock body is endowed :
    . at its upper end, with a retaining profile (52a) for attaching a setting tool,
    . at a lower level, with an internal shoulder (52c),
    . at a lower level, with an internal face (52b) so designed as to be capable of acting as a support face for upper face (56a) of cam (56) of locking sleeve (55) in order to transmit to said upper section the upward forces to which the locking sleeve is subject,
    (c) upper section (51) of said lock body contains dogs (54) and is endowed, on the inside below the level of said dogs with a retaining shoulder (51b),
    (d) the locking sleeve is endowed :
    . below the level of its cam (56) with a retaining shoulder (55a) matching that (51b) of lower section (51), said retaining shoulders being so designed as to be capable of co-operating after disengagement towards the top of cam (56) in relation to dogs (54), with a view to bringing about, in this position, retention of lower section (51) on sleeve (55),
    . at the upper end, with a peripheral retaining device (57) so designed as to be capable of making contact with internal shoulder (52c) of upper section (52), with a view to bringing about retention of said upper section on the sleeve after breaking shearing screws (53).
  7. Setting tool with a view to setting a valve according to claims 4 and 6 jointly, comprising a standard tool for lowering by cable (60), provided with retaining fingers (61) for retaining profile (52a) of the valve as well as a mandrel (62) for maintaining closure device (11) in the open position, said setting tool being provided with a safety device (63) interposed between standard tool (60) and mandrel (62) and characterised in that said safety device is attached to the standard tool by means of a telescopic rod (64) and comprises radially retractable retaining dogs (67), each of which has a head (67a) so designed as to enter and engage groove (55b) of the valve locking sleeve and, at the opposite end, a heel (67b) so designed as to be located within tubular slide (9) of said valve, said retaining dogs being, on the one hand, articulated about half-way spindles (68) acted upon so as to separate them by elastic means (66) and, on the other hand, acted upon by other elastic means (69) tending to separate their heels (67b).
  8. Process for positioning a valve according to claims 4 and 6 with the aid of a setting tool according to claim 7, characterised in that it consists in :
    . introducing into the valve, while the latter is not pressurised, the setting tool until fingers (61) of said tool are hooked to retaining profile (52a) of the valve and its retaining dogs (67a) reach the level of groove (55b) of the locking sleeve so as to enter and engage the latter,
    . lowering the assembly into the valve subject to downward driving of the setting tool in order to overcome the engagement force of packings (15, 16) in the sleeve socket until retaining shoulder (51a) of the valve abuts retaining means (1bi) of the sleeve socket,
    . pressurising the actuating fluid with a view to displacing, by hydraulic means, sliding piston (58) and pushing back locking sleeve (55) to its upper anchoring position, causing dogs (54) to lock within anchoring groove (1b) and anchoring of the valve,
    . continuing with the pressurisation of the actuating liquid until slide (9) is placed in the downward direction with a view to causing the valve to open and retaining dogs (67a) of the tool to be disengaged in relation to locking sleeve (55),
    . raising the setting tool after disengagement of retaining fingers (61) in relation to retaining profile (52a) of the valve,
  9. Fishing tool with a view to releasing a valve according to one of claims 1 to 6 from its anchorage and raising it, comprising a standard tool for lowering by cable (70) provided with retaining fingers (71) of retaining profile (52a) of the valve as well as a mandrel (72) for maintaining closure device (11) in the open position, said fishing tool being characterised in that it comprises a support head (73) interposed between standard tool (70) and mandrel (72), with said support head having a lower face (73a) so designed as to make contact with the upper end of locking sleeve (55) of the valve in order to be capable of pushing the latter downward.
  10. Process of releasing a valve according to claims 4 and 6 from its anchorage and raising it by means of a fishing tool according to claim (9), characterised in that it consists in :
    . knocking, after pressurisation of the actuating fluid, the fishing tool downward until locking sleeve (55) is pushed back to its lower position in which it releases dogs (54), and in engaging fingers (71) of the tool in retaining profile (52a) of the valve,
    . thereupon imparting upward blows to the tool so as to bring about disengagement of packings (15, 16) in relation to the sleeve socket,
    . raising the tool and the valve by cable.
EP87202600A 1986-07-29 1987-12-22 Oil well safety valve and setting and retrieving tools for such a valve Expired - Lifetime EP0321610B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR868611418A FR2602820B1 (en) 1986-07-29 1986-07-29 SAFETY VALVE FOR OIL WELLS AND TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID VALVE
CA000519461A CA1273288A (en) 1986-07-29 1986-09-30 Safety valve for an oil well, and tooling for operating said valve
US06/924,438 US4729433A (en) 1986-07-29 1986-10-29 Safety valve for oil-wells and installation tool for the valve
EP87202600A EP0321610B1 (en) 1986-07-29 1987-12-22 Oil well safety valve and setting and retrieving tools for such a valve
DE8787202600T DE3771339D1 (en) 1986-07-29 1987-12-22 PETROLEUM SAFETY VALVE AND TOOLS FOR SETTING AND WITHDRAWING SUCH A VALVE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR868611418A FR2602820B1 (en) 1986-07-29 1986-07-29 SAFETY VALVE FOR OIL WELLS AND TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID VALVE
EP87202600A EP0321610B1 (en) 1986-07-29 1987-12-22 Oil well safety valve and setting and retrieving tools for such a valve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0321610A1 EP0321610A1 (en) 1989-06-28
EP0321610B1 true EP0321610B1 (en) 1991-07-10

Family

ID=38800798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87202600A Expired - Lifetime EP0321610B1 (en) 1986-07-29 1987-12-22 Oil well safety valve and setting and retrieving tools for such a valve

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4729433A (en)
EP (1) EP0321610B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1273288A (en)
DE (1) DE3771339D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2602820B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1273288A (en) 1990-08-28
FR2602820B1 (en) 1991-11-22
US4729433A (en) 1988-03-08
FR2602820A1 (en) 1988-02-19
EP0321610A1 (en) 1989-06-28
DE3771339D1 (en) 1991-08-14

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