EP0085366B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des cellules tridimensionnelles en matériau de construction solidifiable - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des cellules tridimensionnelles en matériau de construction solidifiable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0085366B1
EP0085366B1 EP83100514A EP83100514A EP0085366B1 EP 0085366 B1 EP0085366 B1 EP 0085366B1 EP 83100514 A EP83100514 A EP 83100514A EP 83100514 A EP83100514 A EP 83100514A EP 0085366 B1 EP0085366 B1 EP 0085366B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
formwork
dimensional cell
building material
cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83100514A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0085366A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Lorenz Dr.-Ing. Kesting
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Kesting Lorenz
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Kesting Lorenz
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Publication of EP0085366A1 publication Critical patent/EP0085366A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/22—Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/08—Moulds provided with means for tilting or inverting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing room cells according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the method according to the invention can be applied to solidifying materials which, e.g. Glass fiber or needle-reinforced concrete already contains its reinforcement when poured into the form space of a formwork or after the insertion of a reinforcement cage and is shaken in the process.
  • solidifying materials e.g. Glass fiber or needle-reinforced concrete already contains its reinforcement when poured into the form space of a formwork or after the insertion of a reinforcement cage and is shaken in the process.
  • room-sized structures are produced, which either form larger buildings with several other room cells according to the room cell construction or set up individually, for. B. can be used as prefabricated garages.
  • This prefabricated construction enables the production of the room cells according to the invention in large quantities with a high degree of mechanization and rationalization in mostly room cell formworks that can be heated for the rapid hardening of the solidifying building material and which are then often part of a production line. After completion, the room cells are generally five-sided buildings.
  • the method according to the invention enables the production of such room cells with all five wall or ceiling and floor panes in a monolithic design, but can also be applied to room cells in which one or more panes are missing or such as e.g. the base plate is prefabricated and then often kept ready on rolling pallets.
  • the manufacture of such room cells has to make do with as little manual work as possible in order to take advantage of the side construction.
  • the room cell production must also reduce the subsequent completion work to the inevitable dimension by making the visible surfaces in the formwork as smooth as possible and therefore level.
  • the first step of this process has the advantage that when the building material is poured into the mold spaces which are closed on all sides, the mold floors and walls are only vertical or only inclined against the horizontal. As a result, the formation of air pockets and water pockets in the hardened building material can be largely avoided in a simple manner, so that the space cell panes produced in the closed mold rooms only have visible formwork surfaces that are smooth.
  • the liquid building material must be carefully removed in the second process step in the open mold space of the longitudinal wall of the room cell after the formwork has been filled in order to achieve a smooth visible surface there as well. That means a lot of work.
  • the level of rationalization that can be achieved is already unusually low due to the multi-stage filling and hardening process.
  • DE-A-28 45 106 describes a method and a formwork for producing monolithic reinforced concrete room cells, in which the formwork is tilted by 90 ° and the top, outer, horizontal formwork surface is missing. The liquid concrete is poured into this formwork and the unshielded end face is removed. After the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the room cell including the formwork is tilted back to the starting position. After hardening, the finished room cell is released.
  • the invention has for its object to carry out a method of the latter type in such a way that a higher degree of rationalization is achieved and a spatial cell is created which only has visible formwork surfaces.
  • the liquid building material is filled into the formwork, which is closed on all sides, via a special system which can have one or more pouring or pumping channels and one or more risers depending on the arrangement of the shape and design of the space cell.
  • a special system which can have one or more pouring or pumping channels and one or more risers depending on the arrangement of the shape and design of the space cell.
  • the filling of exclusively vertical and / or slightly inclined mold spaces takes place either in a known manner from above, preferably by on or near the edge oriented upwards due to the inclination of the room cell and its formwork due to the gravity and the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid building material, can also be carried out by increasing the pressure at or near the downward-facing edge of the room cell, e.g. using a concrete pump.
  • Formwork according to the invention can be carried out more easily and can be better controlled structurally, because it only clings to one or tilted around to bring them to the starting position for filling ' ;
  • the last-mentioned advantage of the invention is preferably ensured in that the mold is inclined in preparation for filling by about 20-25 ° relative to the horizontal, so that the mold spaces for incident space cell panes are limited by walls with this slope.
  • Such an inclination is not only due to the effect of avoiding air pockets and water pockets in the material of the room cell that has been attributed to it; at the same time, it reflects the inclination of an inclined plane on which the room cell cannot slip off its base with the friction coefficients customary for concrete.
  • An embodiment of the method according to the invention makes use of this, according to which the floor cell is brought out of the formwork resting on a pallet at rest in the inclination predetermined by the orientation of the room cell transverse or longitudinal edge and is pivoted with it into the horizontal position for curing .
  • the advantage is that the usual pallets can be used and special measures for locking the room cell on the pallet need not be taken.
  • This inclination is used in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention to support demoulding with forces which result from the weight component of the space cell falling in the inclination.
  • the hardened space cell is transported out of the formwork in the direction of incidence over the space cell edge arranged downwards in the form of the formwork.
  • the utilization of the weight component of the room cell falling in the direction of removal from the formwork then facilitates the removal of the finished room cell from the inner formwork, in particular when the formwork can be removed over a transverse edge of the room cell.
  • a track 3 is laid on an inclined plane 1 with an inclination angle of approximately 20 ° relative to the horizontal 2. It leads to a scaffold 6 erected on the inclined plane and enables the transport of roller pallets 16 along the inclined plane 1.
  • the scaffold 6 carries an only schematically represented internal formwork 7, which according to the exemplary embodiment shown is rigid, but also for loading and unloading Stripping can have movable formwork parts.
  • Short-stroke cylinders 8 are connected to a frame 9, which closes the mold space 12, which is delimited on the inside by the formwork 7 and on the outside by an outer formwork 14, on its end face 11.
  • the outer formwork of the mold space 12 for the room cell floor 15 is a roller pallet 16 of conventional design, which has a supporting frame and trolleys 17, 18 which run on the track 3.
  • the molding space for the end wall 19 of the space cell, generally designated 20, is delimited by an external control panel 21.
  • This formwork panel is articulated via a joint 22 with a vertical joint axis to an outer formwork panel 23 and can be demolded via a lever 24 with a hydraulic thrust piston transmission 25 from the shift position shown in solid lines.
  • the double arrow 26 indicates the pivoting direction, a position of the formwork panel 21 being indicated in dash-dotted lines at 27, which position is assumed after the formwork has been removed.
  • the formwork panel 23 corresponds to the formwork panel 28 that is parallel to it.
  • the formwork panels 23 and 28 are mounted in steel frames 29, 30, which in turn can be moved with trolleys 31, 32, 33, 34 on rails 35, 36 in the direction of the double arrows 37, 38.
  • the Double tracks 35, 36 run perpendicular to the direction of track 3, the rails of which are shown at 39 and 40 in FIG. 2.
  • the formwork walls 23, 28 delimit the mold spaces for the longitudinal walls 41, 42 of the room cell, which is thus a room body closed on five sides except for the front end opening.
  • the fifth side is formed by the ceiling 43, which is shut off to the outside with a two-part ceiling formwork 44, 45.
  • Each slab formwork part 44, 45 can be moved via a lever gear 46, 47 in accordance with the double arrows 48, 49 with the aid of thrust piston gears 50, 51 into the descaling position shown in broken lines and in the switching position shown in solid lines.
  • the roller pallet 16 On the front side 53, the roller pallet 16 carries a coupling 54 for the connecting cable 56 of a winch 57, which is fastened behind the frame 6 at the head of the inclined plane 1.
  • a swivel platform 71 below the inner formwork 7, which has a swivel joint 72 with a swivel axis oriented transversely to the track 3.
  • the underside 73 of the stage 71 opposite the joint 72 carries a bracket 74 for connecting a triple cylinder 75 which can be actuated hydraulically.
  • the cylinder end is housed at 76 in a lined recess 77 in the hall floor.
  • the cylinder, including its piston rod 78, can therefore be drawn in below the floor height indicated at 79.
  • the lower transverse edge 60 assigned to the end wall 19 is oriented downward, resulting in only a flat inclination of the longitudinal walls of the room cells, the ceiling and the floor corresponding to the inclination of the inclined plane 1, while the transverse wall 19 is inclined slightly at the same angle to the vertical . All mold floors and walls are thus inclined, i.e. none of these parts are horizontal.
  • the liquid building material is introduced into the mold via a pouring or pumping system, generally designated 62.
  • a nozzle 64 for connecting a concrete line 65 is provided on the upper cross member 10a of the frame 10.
  • a flexible hose 66 is connected to a corresponding opening in the cross member of the frame 10 for ventilation. Parts of the concrete remain in the socket 64 and in the hose 66, namely a sprue in the socket 64 and a riser in the hose 66.
  • the liquid concrete is poured into the mold, which fills from the edge 60 and on which further risers can be provided as required to prevent air from being trapped.
  • the frame 10 By actuating the thrust piston gear 8, the frame 10 is actuated in relation to the inner formwork 7 in the direction of the inclination of the inclined plane 1. At the same time the winch 57 is lowered so that the room cell 20 is stripped from the inner formwork 7. The weight component of the room cell 20 falling into level 1 helps here.
  • the disconnected room cell 20 is moved onto the track section of the downwardly inclined tilting platform, which then pivots upward, so that the parts assume their position shown in FIG. 1.
  • self-locking occurs between the room cell 20 and the pallet 16, so that the room cell need not be fastened to the pallet 16.
  • the formwork shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be part of a production line which enables the finished spatial cells 20 to be transported transversely to the inclined plane 1.
  • the slab formwork 80 of the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is formed in one piece and is therefore only operated with thrust piston drives 81 via angle levers 82 which are arranged on one side of the room cell formwork.
  • the risers 66 and the inlets 65 are arranged on the opposite side of the room cell at the highest longitudinal cell edge 83.
  • the formwork can be pivoted with the help of the thrust piston mechanism 75 about the joint 72 running parallel to the track 3 in this embodiment in such a way that the longitudinal edge 84 of the room cell between the room cell floor 15 and the Room cell longitudinal wall 42 is oriented downwards.
  • the floor, ceiling and longitudinal wall panels of the room cell assume a slightly inclined position, which can correspond to that of FIG.
  • the liquid building material is also introduced in a falling manner.
  • the parts are first brought into the switch position shown in FIG. 4. Since the entire formwork is accommodated on the stage 71 in this embodiment, it is brought into the pivoting position 70 shown in FIG. 4 by extending the piston rod 78 and the cylinder from the thrust piston transmission 70.
  • the thrust piston mechanism 75 is retracted, the ceiling formwork is removed, as is the end wall formwork not shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, and the side wall formwork 23, 28 are moved down. Then the room cell 20 can be pulled off the inner formwork and is in its horizontal position.
  • the stage 90 rests on a supporting frame, which in turn is braced in guides 91 of a seesaw 112 which are curved in circles.
  • the guides 91 are held at a distance with the aid of traverses 92, 93, 94, 95 and 96 and 97.
  • the guides are supported in rollers 101, 102, 103, 104, which are arranged distributed over the lower part of the circumference of the guides 91 and are mounted in a pit 105 under a hallway 106 on a common frame 107 and brackets 108, 109, 110, 111.
  • the rails 40, 39 of the track 3 are laid on the stage 90.
  • the roller pallet 16 also carries the rails 35, 36 for the scaffolding 29, 30 of the outer formwork 23, 28, which close off the formwork spaces for the longitudinal walls 41, 42 of the room cells.
  • the ceiling formwork 80 is designed as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4.
  • either the room cell is hardened to the extent that it can be disconnected, or the parts are prepared for casting the room cell.
  • the space cell is tilted by means of the geared motor 100 by pivoting the guides 91 into a position which corresponds to the position of the stage 71 according to FIG. 4.
  • the liquid concrete is introduced via the pouring system, which is not shown in FIG. 6, but possibly corresponds to FIG. 4.
  • the room cell can then be pivoted back into its position shown in FIG. 6 in order to bring about the hardening of the concrete in this position up to the strength of the formwork.
  • the building material can also be pumped up, preferably at the edge of the room cell at the bottom.
  • the pumping system required for this differs essentially only from the gate system 62 in that the riser and gate are further apart.
  • the method according to the invention therefore also has the advantage that the already existing and tried and tested formwork systems can be used according to the invention in a modified form by adding a swivel platform according to the type of FIG. 4 and a ceiling formwork, insofar as this is not already available . It is only necessary to move the formwork into the slight inclination to the horizontal by rotating it about the longitudinal or transverse axis of the room cells.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Procédé pour réaliser des cellules préfabriquées (20) telles que des garages préfabriqués en béton armé; ces cellules étant constituées d'un matériau durcissable éventuellement renforcé par une armature en cage, mis en forme entre un coffrage intérieur (7) et un coffrage extérieur (14), servant à définir un volume de moulage (12) en plusieurs parties qui communiquent entre elles, et qui correspondent au moins aux plaques de structure des cloisons verticales et du toit de la cellule préfabriquée (20); le procédé consistant à introduire le matériau à l'état liquide dans le volume de moulage, alors que le coffrage se trouve en position inclinée par rapport à l'horizontale, et à effectuer un durcissement préliminaire du matériau, avant son durcissement définitif en position horizontale de la cellule préfabriquée; le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'on incline légèrement le coffrage (7,14) d'un angle pouvant atteindre 25°, par pivotement autour d'un axe parallèle à une aréte longitudinale ou transversale (60,84) de la partie inférieure de la cellule préfabriquée (20); et en ce qu'on introduit le matériau liquide de haut en bas, ou de bas en haut, dans le coffrage (7,14) fermé de tous côtés, par une conduite d'arrivée (65) alimentée par un système de coulée ou de pompage (62).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit le matériau liquide dans le coffrage (7, 14) en position inclinée de 20 à 25° par rapport à l'horizontale.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on extrait du coffrage (7,14) la cellule préfabriquée (20) dont le plancher (15) repose sur un plateau (16), dans une position inclinée telle qu'une arête transversale (60) ou une arête longitudinale (84) de la cellule se trouve en contrebas; et en ce qu'on fait ensuite pivoter le plateau (16) pour mettre la cellule (20) en position horizontale, en vue d'effectuer le durcissement définitif.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, après un durcissement préliminaire de la cellule préfabriquée (20), on decoffre celle-ci en la déplaçant dans le sens de la pente de son arête (60) orientée vers le bas.
5. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, pour opérer au moyen d'un coffrage (14) qui définit un volume de moulage fermé, ce coffrage pouvant pivoter suivant un axe parallèle à une arête transversale (60) ou à une arête longitudinale (84) de la cellule préfabriquée, afin de prendre une position inclinée et de revenir à l'horizontale pour le décoffrage de la cellule (20); caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un système de coulée ou de pompage (62), pourvu d'un certain nombre d'orifices de coulée (64) et d'orifices d'évacuation d'air (66), disposés à l'endroit, ou à proximité immédiate, d'une arête horizontale (11, 83, 84) de la cellule préfabriquée (20), cette arête se trouvant située au niveau le plus élevé ou le plus bas, lorsque le coffrage (14) présente par rapport à l'horizontale une faible inclinaison pouvant atteindre 25°.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le coffrage (14) est disposé sur un plan incliné (1), le dispositif comportant une plate-forme basculante (71) pour recevoir un plateau à roulettes (16), qui coopère avec le coffrage (14); cette plate-forme basculante (71) permettant de mettre en position inclinée le plateau à roulettes (16) pour incliner le coffrage, ou de mettre à l'horizontale le plateau à roulettes (16) portant la cellule préfabriquée (20) qui a subi un durcissement préliminaire, en vue de son durcissement définitif.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le coffrage (14) comporte des parties pivotantes.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une cage basculante (112), adaptée à coopérer avec un coffrage (14) disposé sur un plan incliné, et à recevoir des plateaux à roulettes (16).
EP83100514A 1982-01-26 1983-01-21 Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des cellules tridimensionnelles en matériau de construction solidifiable Expired EP0085366B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3202336 1982-01-26
DE19823202336 DE3202336A1 (de) 1982-01-26 1982-01-26 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum fertigen von raumzellen aus erstarrendem baustoff

Publications (2)

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EP0085366A1 EP0085366A1 (fr) 1983-08-10
EP0085366B1 true EP0085366B1 (fr) 1986-07-23

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EP83100514A Expired EP0085366B1 (fr) 1982-01-26 1983-01-21 Procédé et dispositif pour fabriquer des cellules tridimensionnelles en matériau de construction solidifiable

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EP (1) EP0085366B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3202336A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA83494B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3709315C2 (de) * 1987-03-21 1996-04-25 Nuklear Service Gmbh Gns Verfahren zum Einlagern von radioaktiven Abfallstoffen
DE4121373C2 (de) * 1991-06-28 1997-09-25 Eberhard Schrade Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlbeton-Raumzellen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE202007007262U1 (de) 2007-05-20 2008-10-02 Schuchardt, Karl-Heinz Schalungsvorrichtungen zur Herstellung monolithischer Betongussbauten
FR3110188B1 (fr) * 2020-05-15 2022-04-29 Pbm Groupe Procede pour la realisation d’une structure ou d’une partie de structure monobloc tridimensionnelle en beton et structure ou partie de structure tridimensionnelle en beton ainsi obtenue

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1434748A1 (de) * 1964-09-25 1968-11-28 Mueller Dipl Ing Gebhard Gebaeude in Fertigbauweise
NL7217480A (fr) * 1972-12-22 1974-06-25
DE2400390B2 (de) * 1974-01-05 1977-02-24 B28B "7-08 Verfahren zur herstellung einer raumzelle aus stahlbeton und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE2462352C3 (de) * 1974-01-05 1978-03-02 Betonbau Gmbh, 6833 Waghaeusel Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Raumzelle aus Stahlbeton und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE2845106C2 (de) * 1978-10-17 1984-07-12 Lorenz 4600 Dortmund Kesting Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von monolithischen Stahlbetonraumzellen, z.B. Fertiggaragen
DE3037580C2 (de) * 1980-10-04 1984-12-20 J. Gärtner Stahlbau GmbH & Co KG, 7502 Malsch Anlage zum Herstellen von einseitig offenen Raumzellen aus Stahlbeton od.dgl.
DE3107793A1 (de) * 1981-02-28 1982-09-16 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Schalungsvorrichtung zur herstellung von quaderfoermigen, stirnseitig offenen fertiggaragen aus stahlbeton

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3202336C2 (fr) 1991-09-12
DE3202336A1 (de) 1983-07-28
ZA83494B (en) 1983-10-26
EP0085366A1 (fr) 1983-08-10

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