EP0085346B1 - Process for the production of partially coated copying paper - Google Patents

Process for the production of partially coated copying paper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0085346B1
EP0085346B1 EP83100383A EP83100383A EP0085346B1 EP 0085346 B1 EP0085346 B1 EP 0085346B1 EP 83100383 A EP83100383 A EP 83100383A EP 83100383 A EP83100383 A EP 83100383A EP 0085346 B1 EP0085346 B1 EP 0085346B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
microcapsules
coating
process according
paper substrate
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EP83100383A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0085346A3 (en
EP0085346A2 (en
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Gert Dr. Jabs
Ulrich Dr. Nehen
Walter Dipl.-Phys. Simm
Jörg Michael Dr. Söder
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Priority to AT83100383T priority Critical patent/ATE18521T1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/124Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using pressure to make a masked colour visible, e.g. to make a coloured support visible, to create an opaque or transparent pattern, or to form colour by uniting colour-forming components
    • B41M5/1246Application of the layer, e.g. by printing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of a partially coated carbonless paper, in which microcapsules provided with a meltable coating are deposited electrostatically on a paper carrier and then fixed.
  • Reaction carbon papers preferably consist of two or more sheets of paper laid loosely on top of one another, the upper one on the back containing a donor layer and the lower one on the front containing a receiver layer.
  • a donor layer and a receiver layer are in contact with each other.
  • the donor layer contains microcapsules, the core material of which is a solution of a color former in an organic solvent, and the receiver layer contains a material which develops the dye former into a dye.
  • the receiver layer usually contains binders and pigments, e.g. active absorbents such as kaolin, attapulgite, montmorillonite, bentonite, acidic bleaching earth or phenolic resins. You can e.g. Use acid-activated dyes on the donor layer and acid-reacting components in the receiver layer.
  • active absorbents such as kaolin, attapulgite, montmorillonite, bentonite, acidic bleaching earth or phenolic resins.
  • reaction copy papers A further development of these reaction copy papers are the “one-component” reaction copy papers.
  • one side of a single sheet of paper carries the dye precursor, generally in the form of microcapsules, and at the same time the color developer. If pressure is now applied, e.g. using a typewriter or other writing tool, the capsule containing the dye precursor is torn open and the dye precursor reacts with the color developer surrounding it (cf. US Pat. No. 2,730,456).
  • the coating of the paper substrate for the production of carbon-free copying systems is generally carried out over the entire area with an aqueous coating composition, such as e.g. in DE-OS 1 934 457 and 1 955 542.
  • the disadvantage of the described methods is that after the coating composition has been applied, the water must be evaporated, which requires a considerable amount of energy.
  • the need to dry further requires the use of complex and costly equipment to continuously dry a substrate that has been coated with an aqueous coating compound.
  • Another but related problem relates to the removal of the contaminated water resulting from the manufacture and cleaning of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous or solvent-containing coatings can be partially applied to a paper carrier by means of gravure printing or flexographic printing (see e.g. DE-OS 2 541 001, US Pat. Nos. 3,016,308 and 3,914,511). These processes also have the disadvantage of having to dry the coatings subsequently. For these reasons, it has been proposed, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,016,308, 3,079,351 and 3,684,549, as well as in DE-OS 2,710,914 and 2,719,935, to take up the microcapsules in waxes and to coat the paper support with such hot-melt systems .
  • This invention is based on the finding that dry microcapsules provided with fusible coatings can be deposited electrostatically in any form on a paper carrier and fixed there by heat treatment, so that a partially coated carbonless copy paper is obtained.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method for producing partially coated, carbon-free carbonless paper, which is produced by electrostatic deposition of water-free microcapsules provided with a meltable coating or water-free mixtures of a finely divided meltable powder with the microcapsules on a paper carrier and subsequent heat treatment.
  • the microcapsules are provided with a coating which melts through brief heat treatment and thus fixes the microcapsule on the paper carrier.
  • Heat treatment is understood to mean the effect of heat, which on the one hand must not be so high that the microcapsule is damaged, and on the other hand should not be so deep that there is no melting.
  • a suitable temperature is e.g. from 50 to 150, preferably from 60 to 120 ° C.
  • the thermal energy deployed at these temperatures corresponds to that which is used in conventional dry copiers when baking the toner powder.
  • Depends on this thermal energy also the duration of exposure in such a way that the higher the energy, the shorter the treatment time. It can be quickly determined by a person skilled in the art by simple experiments and depends on the meltability of the coating, its binding capacity and the setting time of the coating. A treatment of approx. 5-30 sec is an example.
  • thermoelectric radiators Conventional heating elements, IR radiators or microwave devices can be used as heat sources.
  • Suitable materials for encapsulating the capsules are, for example, wax compositions, thermoplastics or hot-melt adhesives, all with softening temperatures from 60 to 120 ° C., preferably from 70 to 90 ° C.
  • Paraffin waxes Paraffin waxes, ester waxes, polyethylene waxes, stearates and carnauba waxes may be mentioned as examples of wax compositions.
  • thermoplastics are, for example, polymers and copolymers of ethylene, vinylidene, vinyl acetate, in particular partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • Polyamides for example, can be used as hot-melt adhesives.
  • Preferred wrapping materials are: carnauba waxes and partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • microcapsules can advantageously be encased with the materials mentioned in such a way that they are stirred into the aqueous capsule dispersions in the form of an aqueous, finely divided dispersion or emulsion and this mixture is subsequently converted, for example by spray drying, into agglomerate-free powders.
  • the spray drying of microcapsules belongs to the known state of the art. Other known drying techniques can also be used to manufacture the capsule powder.
  • the coating compositions can also be dissolved in a suitable solvent, the dry capsules stirred in and the solvent then removed.
  • the amount of coating material is about 5-50% by weight based on the microcapsule.
  • microcapsules coated in this way are then applied to the paper support in any form using electrostatic processes and subjected to a heat treatment.
  • Usual wood-containing or wood-free paper qualities with basis weights of 40-200 g per m 2 can be used as paper supports.
  • paper substrates which are usually not suitable for the production of carbon-free carbonless papers can also be used in the process according to the invention.
  • the electrical field between two electrodes generates an ion current, which in turn electrically charges the coated microcapsules introduced into the electrical field.
  • the microcapsules charged in this way are deposited on the paper carrier when it lies on one of the electrodes.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 Examples for carrying out the precipitation process for dry capsule material are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • Both the field and the ion current are generated by a voltage between electrodes 1 and 2, which is maintained by a DC voltage source 7.
  • the capsules are pressed by the force K onto the surface of the paper 5 which covers the counterelectrode. At the same time, an electrical current constantly flows through the paper layer onto the electrode 2.
  • a prerequisite for the functioning of the method according to the invention is sufficient permeability of the paper for the electric current.
  • this condition is met when the resistivity of the paper is less than 1014 ohms.
  • m is, preferably 10 4 -10 14 Ohm ⁇ m, particularly preferably 108-1013 Ohm - m.
  • a uniformly dense layer of the capsule material is deposited on the paper sheet.
  • the precipitation electrode is designed in such a way that it consists of insulating parts 8 and conductive parts 9 on the surface, the ion current emanating from the corona is distributed in the spray field 6 in such a way that the charge carriers and thus the capsules are located only over the conductive electrode parts to concentrate.
  • the prerequisite is that the placed paper 5 does not fall below a specific resistivity. If the resistance of the paper is too small capsules are also separated in the intermediate areas. In the favorable resistance range, the precipitation layer forms in such a way that the structure of the conductor parts is reproduced in a clearly delineated manner. This resistance range is explained in more detail above.
  • Fig. 3 shows a more practical variant of the method, according to which the capsule material is deposited on a continuously moving, ribbon-shaped paper carrier.
  • the material is fed through a funnel-shaped container 10, which is advantageously shaken to support the material outlet.
  • a vibrating screen can also be used at this point.
  • a band-shaped paper web 11 is continuously drawn over the rotatably mounted drum 12, as indicated in the drawing by arrows.
  • the drum 12 is covered with a support which consists of an insulating layer 13 and a conductor layer 14 which, however, is not continuous, but is in the pattern provided for the capsule separation.
  • a support which consists of an insulating layer 13 and a conductor layer 14 which, however, is not continuous, but is in the pattern provided for the capsule separation.
  • There are commercially available materials and known methods for producing such conductive layer patterns see printed circuits, copper-clad printed circuit boards).
  • the conductive parts of the support are electrically connected to one another and to the carrier roller.
  • the tip electrode 1 is replaced here by the wire electrode 15, which is stretched parallel to the surface line of the drum.
  • the spray wire receives voltage of a few kV, e.g. 10 kV.
  • the polarity is insignificant, but in this case the positive potential is preferable, since this achieves a more uniformly distributed discharge zone over the wire length.
  • the tape passes through a baking station 17, in which the substance is heated and melted by heat rays.
  • a photoconductor layer on the outer surface of the drum can also be used for the precipitation control instead of the metal coating.
  • the photoconductor layer is an insulator in the dark and a conductor when exposed to light. Zone-specific irradiation with an exposure device 20 through the paper produces limited deposition zones.
  • This version has the advantage that the coating distribution can be changed very easily and quickly.
  • Suitable photoconductors are e.g. Zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide and selenium.
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant in which the exposure of the photoconductor 21 takes place from the inside of the drum.
  • the photoconductor is applied to a conductive, transparent, grounded base 22.
  • This base which can consist of a vapor-deposited film, is applied by a transparent hollow cylinder 23, which is illuminated from the inside by means of a lamp 24.
  • the partially transparent template 25 allows partial exposure of the photoconductor, which acts as a conductor in the exposed zones and as an insulator in the unexposed zones.
  • microcapsules to be used for carrying out the process according to the invention and processes for their production are known.
  • the long-known microcapsules can be used, which can be produced by coacervation or complex coacervation from gelatin and acacia, as well as gelatin and other inorganic and organic polyanions.
  • Various such methods include in M. Gutcho, Capsule Technology and Microencapsulation, Noyes Data Corporation 1972.
  • microcapsules are used in the method according to the invention, the walls of which consist of polymers, polycondensation and polyaddition products.
  • Microcapsules with walls made of special polyacrylates such as e.g. described in DE-OS 2 237 545 and DE-OS 2 119 933 can be used.
  • phenol or urea-formaldehyde condensates can be used as wall material, optionally also in combination with the capsule wall polymers mentioned above.
  • Microcapsules are preferably used in the process according to the invention, the shells of which consist of polyadducts of polyisocyanates and polyamines.
  • Isocyanates to be used for the production of such microcapsules are diisocyanates such as xylylene-1,4-diisocyanate, xylylene-1,3-diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, propylene-1,2-diisocyanate, butylene-1,2-diisocyanate , Ethylidene diisocyanate, Cydohexyl-1,2-diisocyanate, Cyclohexyl-1,4-diisocyanate, polyisocyanate prepolymers, e.g.
  • Further modified aliphatic isocyanates are those based on hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, m-xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane or isophorone diisocyanate, which have at least two functional isocyanate groups per molecule.
  • Suitable compounds are polyisocyanates based on derivatives of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate with a biuret structure, the production of which is evident from DE-AS 1 101 394 and 1 543 178, and from DE-OS 1 568 017 and 1 931 055.
  • the polyisocyanates that can be used can additionally be modified before use for microencapsulation by reaction with di- and trifunctional alcohols such as ethanediols, glycerol or trimethylolpropane or carboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid in proportions of 0.01 to 0.5 mol per isocyanate equivalent .
  • di- and trifunctional alcohols such as ethanediols, glycerol or trimethylolpropane
  • carboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid in proportions of 0.01 to 0.5 mol per isocyanate equivalent .
  • carbodiimide, uretdione, uretonimine, uretidinedione diimine, 4-imino-oxazolidinone (2), ⁇ -alkylene propiolactone or cyclobutanedione (1,3) groups can also be present as reactive groups .
  • polyisocyanatopolyuretonimines such as those formed by carbodiimidization of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate containing biuret groups with phosphorus-organic catalysts, can be used by further reaction of primarily formed carbodiimide groups with isocyanate groups to form uretonimine groups.
  • polyisocyanates can be used in a mixture with one another and other aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates.
  • the resulting modified polyisocyanate can contain considerable proportions of oxadiazinetrione, triisocyanurate or sym. Triazinedioneimine as a structural element. Such products are also suitable as shell formers.
  • color former examples include triphenylmethane compounds, diphenylmethane compounds, xanthene compounds, thiazine compounds, spiropyran compounds or the like.
  • Examples of a diphenylmethane compound are 4,4'-bis-dimethylaminobenzhydrylbenzylether, N-halophenylleucolamine, N-ß-naphthylleucolamine, N-2,4,5-trichlorophenylleucolamine, N-2,4-dichlorophenylleucolamine or the like.
  • Examples of a xanthene compound are rhodamine- ⁇ -anilinolactam, rhodamine- ⁇ - (p-nitroaniline) lactam, rhodamine- ⁇ - (p-chloroanilinl lactam, 7-dimethylamine-2-methoxifluorane, 7-diethylamine-3 - methoxifluorane,.
  • Examples of a thiazine compound are N-benzoylleucomethylene blue, o-chlorobenzoylleucomethylene blue, p-nitrol-benzoylleucomethylene blue or the like.
  • spiro compound examples include 3-methyl-2,2'-spirobis [benzo (f) chromium] or the like.
  • Solvents that dissolve these color formers are e.g. chlorinated diphenyl, chlorinated paraffin, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, silicone oil, phthalate esters, phosphate esters, sulfonate esters, monochlorobenzene, furthermore partially hydrogenated terphenyls, alkylated naththalenes, alkylated diphenyls, aryl ethers, aryl alkyl ethers, higher alkylated benzene and others which can be used alone or in combination.
  • Diluents are often added to the solvents, e.g. Kerosene, n-paraffins, isoparaffins.
  • the colorants and the isocyanate are first dissolved in the solvents mentioned and this organic phase is emulsified in the continuous aqueous phase, which may contain protective colloid and, if appropriate, emulsifiers.
  • An aqueous polyamide solution is added to the emulsion in a stoichiometric amount to the polyisocyanate in the organic phase.
  • Protective colloids and emulsifying aids are added to the aqueous phase to emulsify and stabilize the emulsion formed.
  • Examples of such products acting as protective colloids are carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • emulsifiers are ethoxylated 3-benzylhydroxibiphenyl, reaction products of nonylphenol with different amounts of ethylene oxide and sorbitan fatty acid ester.
  • the microcapsules can be produced continuously or batchwise. Dispersing devices which generate a shear gradient are generally used. Examples include blade, basket, high-speed stirrers, colloid mills, homogenizers, ultrasonic dispersers, nozzles, steel nozzles, and Supraton machines.
  • the strength of the turbulence during mixing is primarily decisive for the diameter of the microcapsules obtained. Capsules in the size of 1 to 2000 pm can be produced. Capsules with diameters of 2 to 20 ⁇ m are preferred.
  • the capsules do not agglomerate and have a narrow particle size distribution.
  • the weight ratio of core material to shell material is 50 to 90 to 50 to 10.
  • microcapsules were produced according to the example of DE-OS 2 738 509.
  • a 35% aqueous microcapsule dispersion was then produced, the capsule walls of which consisted of a polyaddition product of the oxadiazinetrione of hexamethylene diisocyanate and a diamine.
  • the capsule contents were a solution of 2.7% by weight crystal violet lactone and 0.9% by weight N-benzoyl leucomethylene blue in a mixture of di-isopropyl-diphenyl and isohexadecane (80:20 weight ratio).
  • the mean capsule diameter was 6.5 ⁇ m.
  • This mixture was then spray-dried (180 ° C. air temperature inlet, 80 ° C. air temperature outlet). An agglomerate-free powder was obtained. The average particle size was 7.0 ⁇ m in diameter. The powder mixture obtained was applied to a paper support.
  • Microcapsule dispersion a was spray-dried as under b. 100 parts by weight of the obtained Capsule powder was intimately mixed with 20 parts by weight of a finely powdered, partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Levasint, Bayer AG). The powder mixture obtained was used for deposition on a paper support.
  • microcapsule dispersion a was spray-dried as under b. 40 parts by weight of carnauba wax were then dissolved in 250 parts of trichloroethane while heating to 40 ° C., and 160 parts by weight of the dry capsule were mixed into this solution. The trichloroethane was then removed in vacuo.
  • a free-flowing capsule powder coated with carnauba wax was obtained.
  • the powder mixture obtained was used for deposition on a paper support.
  • a capsule material coated with carnauba wax is used for the paper coating (example d).
  • the average size of the capsules is 8 I! m.
  • This material is whirled up in an air stream and, in an arrangement according to FIG. 2, blown into the discharge space between a tip electrode and a plate-shaped counterelectrode.
  • the surface of the counter electrode is divided into insulating fields 8 and conductive fields 9, the conductive fields being connected to one another and to a voltage source 7.
  • This electrode is covered with a sheet of paper to hold the capsule layer.
  • the paper has a specific resistance of 10 8 ohm-m.
  • the distance between the tip and the plate is 10 cm.
  • the top is positive.
  • a thin, uniform capsule layer forms on the areas of the paper that lie above the conductive parts of the counterelectrode in a fraction of a second.
  • the paper coated in this way is removed from the base and placed in a heating device, where it is heated to 150 ° C. for a period of 10 seconds.
  • the wax shell of the capsules melts onto the paper surface and thus fixes the capsule layer.
  • a functional carbonless reaction paper is obtained.
  • Capsule materials according to Examples a-c were used in the same way. Functional carbonless copy papers were also obtained.

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Abstract

1. Process for the production of pressure-sensitive duplicating paper containing a paper substrate, the surface of which is partly coated with a dye-producing layer of a microencapsulated solution of a dye former in an organic solvent, characterized in that the water-face microcapsules provided with a meltable coating or water-face mixtures of a finely divided meltable powder with the microcapsule powders are electrostatically applied to a paper substrate and then fixed by heat treatment.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Herstellung eines partiell beschichteten Durchschreibepapiers, bei der mit einem schmelzbaren Überzug versehene Mikrokapseln elektrostatisch auf einem Papierträger abgeschieden und anschliessend fixiert werden.The invention relates to the production of a partially coated carbonless paper, in which microcapsules provided with a meltable coating are deposited electrostatically on a paper carrier and then fixed.

Reaktionsdurchschreibepapiere bestehen vorzugsweise aus zwei oder mehreren, lose aufeinandergelegten Papierblättern, wobei das jeweils obere auf der Rückseite eine Geberschicht und das jeweils untere auf der Vorderseite eine Nehmerschicht enthält. Es ist also jeweils eine Geberschicht und eine Nehmerschicht miteinander in Kontakt. Die Geberschicht enthält Mikrokapseln, deren Kernmaterial eine Lösung eines Farbbildners in einem organischen Lösungsmittel ist, und die Nehmerschicht enthält ein Material, das den Farbstoffbildner zum Farbstoff entwickelt. Beim Beschreiben werden die Kapseln unter dem hohen Druck des Schreibgerätes zerstört, und das auslaufende Kernmaterial tritt auf die Nehmerschicht, so dass eine Durchschrift entsteht.Reaction carbon papers preferably consist of two or more sheets of paper laid loosely on top of one another, the upper one on the back containing a donor layer and the lower one on the front containing a receiver layer. In other words, a donor layer and a receiver layer are in contact with each other. The donor layer contains microcapsules, the core material of which is a solution of a color former in an organic solvent, and the receiver layer contains a material which develops the dye former into a dye. When writing, the capsules are destroyed under the high pressure of the writing instrument, and the leaking core material steps onto the slave layer, so that a copy is produced.

Die Nehmerschicht enthält in der Regel Bindemittel und Pigmente, z.B. aktive Absorbentien, wie Kaolin, Attapulgit, Montmorillonit, Bentonit, saure Bleicherde oder Phenolharze. Man kann z.B. auf der Geberschicht säureaktivierbare Farbstoffe und in der Nehmerschicht sauer reagierende Komponenten einsetzen.The receiver layer usually contains binders and pigments, e.g. active absorbents such as kaolin, attapulgite, montmorillonite, bentonite, acidic bleaching earth or phenolic resins. You can e.g. Use acid-activated dyes on the donor layer and acid-reacting components in the receiver layer.

Eine Fortentwicklung dieser Reaktionsdurchschreibepapiere sind,die «Einkomponenten»-Reaktionsdurchschreibepapiere. In diesen trägt eine Seite eines einzelnen Papierblattes den Farbstoffvorläufer, im allgemeinen in Form von Mikrokapseln und gleichzeitig den Farbentwickler. Wenn nun Druck ausgeübt wird, z.B. durch eine Schreibmaschine oder ein anderes Schreibwerkzeug, wird die den Farbstoffvorläufer enthaltende Kapsel aufgerissen und der Farbstoffvorläufer reagiert mit dem ihn umgebenden Farbentwickler (vgl. US-PS 2 730 456).A further development of these reaction copy papers are the “one-component” reaction copy papers. In these, one side of a single sheet of paper carries the dye precursor, generally in the form of microcapsules, and at the same time the color developer. If pressure is now applied, e.g. using a typewriter or other writing tool, the capsule containing the dye precursor is torn open and the dye precursor reacts with the color developer surrounding it (cf. US Pat. No. 2,730,456).

Die Beschichtung des Papiersubstrates zur Herstellung der kohlefreien Durchschreibesysteme geschieht nach dem längst bekannten Stand der Technik im allgemeinen vollflächig mit einer wässrigen Beschichtungskomposition, wie z.B. in den DE-OS 1 934 457 und 1 955 542 beschrieben.The coating of the paper substrate for the production of carbon-free copying systems is generally carried out over the entire area with an aqueous coating composition, such as e.g. in DE-OS 1 934 457 and 1 955 542.

Bei den beschriebenen Verfahren besteht der Nachteil, dass nach dem Auftragen der Beschichtungsmasse das Wasser verdampft werden muss, was einen beträchtlichen Aufwand an Energie erfordert. Die Notwendigkeit zu trocknen erfordert weiterhin die Verwendung einer komplexen und kostspieligen Apparatur, um kontinuierlich ein Substrat zu trocknen, das mit einer wässrigen Beschichtungsverbindung beschichtet worden ist. Ein anderes, aber damit zusammenhängendes Problem betrifft die Beseitigung des verschmutzten Wassers, das von der Herstellung und von der Reinigung der wässrigen Beschichtungskomposition herrührt.The disadvantage of the described methods is that after the coating composition has been applied, the water must be evaporated, which requires a considerable amount of energy. The need to dry further requires the use of complex and costly equipment to continuously dry a substrate that has been coated with an aqueous coating compound. Another but related problem relates to the removal of the contaminated water resulting from the manufacture and cleaning of the aqueous coating composition.

Verwendet man bei der Herstellung der Beschichtungen flüchtige organische Lösungsmittel, so muss ebenfalls das überschüssige Lösungsmittel verdampft werden, um die Beschichtung zu trocknen. Auf diese Weise entstehen Lösungsmitteldämpfe, die besondere Gefahren darstellen.If volatile organic solvents are used in the production of the coatings, the excess solvent must also be evaporated in order to dry the coating. In this way, solvent vapors are created that pose particular risks.

Es wurde daher in der DE-OS 1 928 001 vorgeschlagen, trockene Mikrokapseln elektrostatisch auf eine nasse Papierbahn abzuscheiden. Diese Verfahrensweise vermeidet einen Teil der Trocknung, es lassen sich aber nur vollflächige Beschichtungen mit der vorgeschlagenen Methode durchführen. Zur Fixierung der Kapseln wird ferner ein in wässriger Lösung wirkendes Bindemittel benötigt.It was therefore proposed in DE-OS 1 928 001 to electrostatically deposit dry microcapsules onto a wet paper web. This procedure avoids part of the drying, but only full-surface coatings can be carried out with the proposed method. A binder which acts in aqueous solution is also required to fix the capsules.

Vollflächige Beschichtungen sind unrationell, weil in den meisten Fällen nur Teile des Durchschreibesystems ausgenutzt werden.Full-surface coatings are inefficient because in most cases only parts of the carbonless system are used.

Es sind daher zahlreiche Verfahren bekannt geworden, Beschichtungskompositionen partiell auf ein Papiersubstrat aufzubringen. So können nach dem Stand der Technik wässrige oder lösungsmittelhaltige Beschichtungen mittels Tiefdruck oder Flexodruck partiell auf einen Papierträger aufgebracht werden (siehe z.B. DE-OS 2 541 001, US-PS 3 016 308 und 3 914 511). Auch bei diesen Verfahren besteht der Nachteil, die Beschichtungen nachträglich trocknen zu müssen. Aus diesen Gründen wurde beispielsweise in den US-PS 3 016 308, 3 079 351 und 3 684 549, sowie in den DE-OS 2 710 914 und 2 719 935 vorgeschlagen, die Mikrokapseln in Wachse aufzunehmen und mit derartigen Heissschmelzsystemen Beschichtungen des Papierträgers vorzunehmen.Numerous methods have therefore become known for partially applying coating compositions to a paper substrate. According to the prior art, aqueous or solvent-containing coatings can be partially applied to a paper carrier by means of gravure printing or flexographic printing (see e.g. DE-OS 2 541 001, US Pat. Nos. 3,016,308 and 3,914,511). These processes also have the disadvantage of having to dry the coatings subsequently. For these reasons, it has been proposed, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,016,308, 3,079,351 and 3,684,549, as well as in DE-OS 2,710,914 and 2,719,935, to take up the microcapsules in waxes and to coat the paper support with such hot-melt systems .

Diese vorgeschlagenen Massnahmen vermeiden zwar das Entfernen der Lösungsmittel, die wachsartige Beschichtung verändert aber den Papiercharakter, da relativ grosse Mengen der Wachse aufgebracht werden müssen, um bei einem Mikrokapselgehalt von maximal 40 Gew.-% noch befriedigende Durchschriften zu erhalten.Although these proposed measures prevent the removal of the solvents, the wax-like coating changes the character of the paper, since relatively large amounts of the waxes have to be applied in order to obtain satisfactory copies with a microcapsule content of at most 40% by weight.

Dieser Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass trockene, mit schmelzbaren Überzügen versehene Mikrokapseln elektrostatisch in beliebiger Form auf einen Papierträger abgeschieden und durch Wärmebehandlung dort fixiert werden können, so dass ein partiell beschichtetes kohlefreies Durchschreibepapier erhalten wird.This invention is based on the finding that dry microcapsules provided with fusible coatings can be deposited electrostatically in any form on a paper carrier and fixed there by heat treatment, so that a partially coated carbonless copy paper is obtained.

Die Erfindung betrifft daher ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von partiell beschichtetem, kohlefreiem Durchschreibepapier, welches hergestellt wird durch elektrostatische Abscheidung von wasserfreien mit schmelzbarem Überzug versehenen Mikrokapseln oder wasserfreien Mischungen eines feinteiligen schmelzbaren Pulvers mit den Mikrokapseln auf einem Papierträger und anschliessender Wärmebehandlung.The invention therefore relates to a method for producing partially coated, carbon-free carbonless paper, which is produced by electrostatic deposition of water-free microcapsules provided with a meltable coating or water-free mixtures of a finely divided meltable powder with the microcapsules on a paper carrier and subsequent heat treatment.

Erfindungsgemäss sind die Mikrokapseln mit einem Überzug versehen, der durch kurzzeitige Wärmebehandlung aufschmilzt und somit die Mikrokapsel auf dem Papierträger fixiert.According to the invention, the microcapsules are provided with a coating which melts through brief heat treatment and thus fixes the microcapsule on the paper carrier.

Unter Wärmebehandlung wird die Einwirkung von Wärme verstanden, die einerseits nicht so hoch liegen darf, dass die Mikrokapsel geschädigt wird, andererseits wiederum nicht so tief sein sollte, dass kein Aufschmelzen stattfindet. Eine geeignete Temperatur ist z.B. von 50 bis 150, bevorzugt von 60 bis 120°C.Heat treatment is understood to mean the effect of heat, which on the one hand must not be so high that the microcapsule is damaged, and on the other hand should not be so deep that there is no melting. A suitable temperature is e.g. from 50 to 150, preferably from 60 to 120 ° C.

Die bei diesen Temperaturen entfaltete Wärmeenergie entspricht derjenigen, die in üblichen Trokkenkopiergeräten beim Einbrennen der Tonerpulver angewendet wird. Von dieser Wärmeenergie hängt auch die Einwirkungsdauer in der Weise ab, dass je höher die Energie desto kürzer die Behandlungszeit ist. Sie kann von einem Fachmann durch einfache Versuche schnell ermittelt werden und hängt von der Aufschmelzbarkeitdes Überzuges, dessen Bindevermögen und der Erstarrzeit des Überzuges ab. Beispielhaft sei eine Behandlung von ca. 5-30 sec genannt.The thermal energy deployed at these temperatures corresponds to that which is used in conventional dry copiers when baking the toner powder. Depends on this thermal energy also the duration of exposure in such a way that the higher the energy, the shorter the treatment time. It can be quickly determined by a person skilled in the art by simple experiments and depends on the meltability of the coating, its binding capacity and the setting time of the coating. A treatment of approx. 5-30 sec is an example.

Als Wärmequellen können beispielsweise übliche Heizstäbe, IR-Strahler oder Mikrowellengeräte Verwendung finden.Conventional heating elements, IR radiators or microwave devices can be used as heat sources.

Geeignete Materialien zum Umhüllen der Kapseln sind beispielsweise Wachsmassen, Thermoplaste oder Heissschmelzkleber, alle mit Erweichungstemperaturen von 60 bis 120°C, bevorzugt von 70 bis 90°C.Suitable materials for encapsulating the capsules are, for example, wax compositions, thermoplastics or hot-melt adhesives, all with softening temperatures from 60 to 120 ° C., preferably from 70 to 90 ° C.

Als Wachsmassen seien Paraffinwachse, Esterwachse, Polyethylenwachse, Stearate, Carnaubawachse beispielhaft genannt.Paraffin waxes, ester waxes, polyethylene waxes, stearates and carnauba waxes may be mentioned as examples of wax compositions.

Als Thermoplaste eignen sich beispielsweise Polymerisate und Copolymerisate von Ethylen, Vinyliden, Vinylacetaten, insbesondere teilverseifte Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere.Suitable thermoplastics are, for example, polymers and copolymers of ethylene, vinylidene, vinyl acetate, in particular partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

Als Heissschmelzkleber sind beispielsweise Polyamide einsetzbar.Polyamides, for example, can be used as hot-melt adhesives.

Bevorzugte Umhüllungsmaterialien sind: Carnaubawachse und teilverseifte Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere.Preferred wrapping materials are: carnauba waxes and partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

Vorteilhafterweise können die Mikrokapseln mit den genannten Materialein in der Weise umhüllt werden, dass man sie in Form einer wässrigen, feinteiligen Dispersion oder Emulsion in die wässrigen Kapseldispersionen einrührt und dieses Gemisch anschliessend beispielsweise durch Sprühtrocknung in agglomeratfreie Pulver überführt.The microcapsules can advantageously be encased with the materials mentioned in such a way that they are stirred into the aqueous capsule dispersions in the form of an aqueous, finely divided dispersion or emulsion and this mixture is subsequently converted, for example by spray drying, into agglomerate-free powders.

Die Sprühtrocknung von Mikrokapseln gehört zum bekannten Stand der Technik. Andere bekannte Trocknungstechniken können ebenfalls zur Herstellung der Kapselpulver eingesetzt werden.The spray drying of microcapsules belongs to the known state of the art. Other known drying techniques can also be used to manufacture the capsule powder.

Zur Umhüllung können die Überzugsmassen auch in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel gelöst, die trockenen Kapseln eingerührt und anschliessend das Lösungsmittel abgezogen werden.For coating, the coating compositions can also be dissolved in a suitable solvent, the dry capsules stirred in and the solvent then removed.

Liegen genügend feinteilige Pulver des Umhüllungsmaterials vor, genügt ggf. eine Mischung mit den Mikrokapselpulvern. Die Menge an Umhüllungsmaterial beträgt etwa 5-50 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Mikrokapsel.If there are enough finely divided powders of the coating material, a mixture with the microcapsule powders may be sufficient. The amount of coating material is about 5-50% by weight based on the microcapsule.

Die so umhüllten Mikrokapseln werden anschliessend mit elektrostatischen Verfahren auf den Papierträger in beliebiger Form aufgebracht und einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen.The microcapsules coated in this way are then applied to the paper support in any form using electrostatic processes and subjected to a heat treatment.

Als Papierträger können übliche holzhaltige oder holzfreie Papierqualitäten mit Flächengewichten von 40-200 g pro m2 eingesetzt werden.Usual wood-containing or wood-free paper qualities with basis weights of 40-200 g per m 2 can be used as paper supports.

Bedingt durch das wasserfreie Herstellungsverfahren können nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren auch solche Papierträger Verwendung finden, die üblicherweise zur Herstellung von kohlefreien Durchschreibepapieren nicht geeignet sind.Due to the water-free production process, paper substrates which are usually not suitable for the production of carbon-free carbonless papers can also be used in the process according to the invention.

Mit Hilfe der elektrostatischen Abscheidungsmethode der umhüllten Mikrokapseln auf dem Papierträger ist es möglich nach Belieben partiell auf diejenigen Teile des Papierträgers die Mikrokapseln aufzubringen, die eine durchschreibende Funktion erfüllen sollen.With the help of the electrostatic deposition method of the coated microcapsules on the paper carrier, it is possible, as desired, to partially apply the microcapsules to those parts of the paper carrier that are to perform a copying function.

Das elektrische Feld zwischen zwei Elektroden erzeugt einen lonenstrom, der wiederum die in das elektrische Feld eingeführten umhüllten Mikrokapseln elektrisch auflädt. Die so aufgeladenen Mikrokapseln schlagen sich auf dem Papierträger nieder, wenn dieser auf einer der Elektroden liegt.The electrical field between two electrodes generates an ion current, which in turn electrically charges the coated microcapsules introduced into the electrical field. The microcapsules charged in this way are deposited on the paper carrier when it lies on one of the electrodes.

Der Vorgang der elektrischen Abscheidung fester Teilchen aus einem Luftstrom ist aus vielen Veröffentlichungen bekannt (z.B. Simm: Untersuchungen über das Rücksprühen bei der elektrischen Staubabscheidung, Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 31. Jahrgang 1959 Nr. 1) und gehört zum Stand der Technik.The process of electrically separating solid particles from an air stream is known from many publications (e.g. Simm: Investigations on back-spraying in electrical dust separation, chemical engineering technology, 31st year 1959 No. 1) and belongs to the prior art.

Beispiele zur Ausführung des Niederschlagsverfahrens für trockenes Kapselmaterial sind in den Fig. 1 bis 5 dargestellt.Examples for carrying out the precipitation process for dry capsule material are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.

Fig. 1 erläutert das Prinzip der Abscheidung der Kapseln im stationären elektrischen Feld, das durch eine Korona-Entladung an der Spitzenelektrode 1 und den dabei entstehenden Ionenstrom zwischen der Elektrode 1 und einer Niederschlagselektrode 2 entsteht. Durch die Einblasdüse 3 wird ein Luftstrom, in dem das Kapselmaterial 4 verteilt ist, in die Sprühzone zwischen den Elektroden 1 und 2 gelenkt. Die Niederschlagselektrode ist mit einem Papierblatt 5 bedeckt, auf dem das Kapselmaterial abgeschieden werden soll. Beim Eintritt der Kapseln in das Sprühfeld 6 werden diese von den dort vorhandenen Ladungsträgern, in diesem Falle sind es negative lonen, elektrisch aufgeladen und als Ladungsträger der Kraftwirkung des elektrischen Feldes nach der bekannten Gleichung K = q - E ausgesetzt. In der Gleichung bedeuten K die Kraft, q die Ladung und E die Feldstärke in Richtung der Niederschlagselektrode. Sowohl das Feld als auch der lönenstrom werden durch eine Spannung zwischen den Elektroden 1 und 2 erzeugt, die von einer Gleichspannungsquelle 7 aufrechterhalten wird. Durch die Kraft K werden die Kapseln auf die Oberfläche des Papiers 5 gedrückt, das die Gegenelektrode bedeckt. Gleichzeitig fliesst ständig ein elektrischer Strom durch die Papierschicht hindurch auf die Elektrode 2.1 explains the principle of the deposition of the capsules in the stationary electric field, which arises from a corona discharge at the tip electrode 1 and the resulting ion current between the electrode 1 and a precipitation electrode 2. An air flow, in which the capsule material 4 is distributed, is directed through the injection nozzle 3 into the spray zone between the electrodes 1 and 2. The precipitation electrode is covered with a sheet of paper 5 on which the capsule material is to be deposited. When the capsules enter the spray field 6, they are electrically charged by the charge carriers present there, in this case negative ions, and are exposed as charge carriers to the force effect of the electrical field according to the known equation K = q-E. In the equation, K means the force, q the charge and E the field strength in the direction of the precipitation electrode. Both the field and the ion current are generated by a voltage between electrodes 1 and 2, which is maintained by a DC voltage source 7. The capsules are pressed by the force K onto the surface of the paper 5 which covers the counterelectrode. At the same time, an electrical current constantly flows through the paper layer onto the electrode 2.

Voraussetzung für das Funktionieren des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens ist eine hinreichende Durchlässigkeit des Papiers für den elektrischen Strom. Im allgemeinen ist diese Bedingung gegeben, wenn der spezifische Widerstand des Papiers kleiner als 1014 Ohm. m ist, bevorzugt 104-1014 Ohm · m, besonders bevorzugt 108-1013 Ohm - m. Unter den beschriebenen Bedingungen scheidet sich auf dem Papierblatt eine gleichmässig dichte Schicht des Kapselmaterials ab.A prerequisite for the functioning of the method according to the invention is sufficient permeability of the paper for the electric current. In general, this condition is met when the resistivity of the paper is less than 1014 ohms. m is, preferably 10 4 -10 14 Ohm · m, particularly preferably 108-1013 Ohm - m. Under the conditions described, a uniformly dense layer of the capsule material is deposited on the paper sheet.

Fig. 2 erläutert die Möglichkeit, die Kapseln gezielt auf bestimmten Flächenteilen des Papierträgers abzuscheiden. Führt man nämlich die Niederschlagselektrode so aus, dass sie an der Oberfläche aus isolierenden Teilen 8 und leitfähigen Teilen 9 besteht, so verteilt sich der von der Korona ausgehende lonenstrom im Sprühfeld 6 derart, dass die Ladungsträger und damit die Kapseln sich nur über den leitfähigen Elektrodenteilen konzentriert abscheiden.2 explains the possibility of specifically depositing the capsules on certain surface parts of the paper carrier. If the precipitation electrode is designed in such a way that it consists of insulating parts 8 and conductive parts 9 on the surface, the ion current emanating from the corona is distributed in the spray field 6 in such a way that the charge carriers and thus the capsules are located only over the conductive electrode parts to concentrate.

Voraussetzung ist, dass das aufgelegte Papier 5 einen bestimmten spezifischen Widerstand nicht unterschreitet. Bei zu kleinem Widerstand des Papiers werden auch in den Zwischenbereichen noch Kapseln abgeschieden. Im günstigen Widerstandsbereich bildet sich die Niederschlagsschicht so aus, dass die Struktur der Leiterteile scharf abgegrenzt wiedergegeben wird. Dieser Widerstandsbereich ist oben näher erläutert.The prerequisite is that the placed paper 5 does not fall below a specific resistivity. If the resistance of the paper is too small capsules are also separated in the intermediate areas. In the favorable resistance range, the precipitation layer forms in such a way that the structure of the conductor parts is reproduced in a clearly delineated manner. This resistance range is explained in more detail above.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine mehr praxisbezogene Variante des Verfahrens, wonach das Kapselmaterial auf einem kontinuierlich bewegten, bandförmigen Papierträger niedergeschlagen wird. Die Zuführung des Materials erfolgt durch einen trichterförmigen Behälter 10, der zur Unterstützung des Materialaustritts vorteilhafterweise gerüttelt wird. An dieser Stelle kann ebenso ein Rüttelsieb verwendet werden. Eine bandförmige Papierbahn 11 wird kontinuierlich über die drehbar gelagerte Trommel 12 gezogen, wie in der Zeichnung durch Pfeile angedeutet ist. Die Trommel 12 ist mit einer Auflage umspannt, die aus einer isolierenden Schicht 13 und einer Leiterschicht 14 besteht, diejedoch nicht zusammenhängend, sondern in dem für die Kapselabscheidung vorgesehenen Muster vorliegt. Für die Herstellung derartiger Leitschichtmuster gibteskäufiichesMateriai und bekannte Verfahren (siehe gedruckte Schaltungen, kupferkaschierte Leiterplatten). Die leitfähigen Teile der Auflage sind elektrisch untereinander und mit der Trägerwalze verbunden.Fig. 3 shows a more practical variant of the method, according to which the capsule material is deposited on a continuously moving, ribbon-shaped paper carrier. The material is fed through a funnel-shaped container 10, which is advantageously shaken to support the material outlet. A vibrating screen can also be used at this point. A band-shaped paper web 11 is continuously drawn over the rotatably mounted drum 12, as indicated in the drawing by arrows. The drum 12 is covered with a support which consists of an insulating layer 13 and a conductor layer 14 which, however, is not continuous, but is in the pattern provided for the capsule separation. There are commercially available materials and known methods for producing such conductive layer patterns (see printed circuits, copper-clad printed circuit boards). The conductive parts of the support are electrically connected to one another and to the carrier roller.

Zum Unterschied zu den Darstellungen in Fig. 1 und 2 wird hier die Spitzenelektrode 1 durch die Drahtelektrode 15 ersetzt, die parallel zur Mantellinie der Trommel gespannt ist. Zur Erzeugung der Korona-Entladung erhält der Sprühdraht aus der Spannungsquelle 7 Spannung von einigen kV, z.B. 10 kV. Die Polarität ist im Prinzip unwesentlich, jedoch ist in diesem Falle das positive Potential vorzuziehen, da damit eine über die Drahtlänge gleichmässiger verteilte Entladungszone erreicht wird.In contrast to the representations in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tip electrode 1 is replaced here by the wire electrode 15, which is stretched parallel to the surface line of the drum. To generate the corona discharge, the spray wire receives voltage of a few kV, e.g. 10 kV. In principle, the polarity is insignificant, but in this case the positive potential is preferable, since this achieves a more uniformly distributed discharge zone over the wire length.

Zur Fixierung des abgeschiedenen Kapselmaterials durchläuft das Band eine Einbrennstation 17, in der die Substanz durch Wärmestrahlen erhitzt und angeschmolzen wird.In order to fix the deposited capsule material, the tape passes through a baking station 17, in which the substance is heated and melted by heat rays.

Nach Fig. 4 lässt sich anstelle der Metallauflage auch eine Photoleiterschicht auf der Mantelfläche der Trommel für die Niederschlagssteuerung verwenden. Die Photoleiterschicht ist im Dunkeln ein Isolator, bei Belichtung ein Leiter. Durch zonenmässige Bestrahlung mit einer Belichtungsvorrichtung 20 durch das Papier hindurch erzeugt man begrenzte Abscheidezonen.4, a photoconductor layer on the outer surface of the drum can also be used for the precipitation control instead of the metal coating. The photoconductor layer is an insulator in the dark and a conductor when exposed to light. Zone-specific irradiation with an exposure device 20 through the paper produces limited deposition zones.

Diese Ausführung hat den Vorteil, dass die Beschichtungsverteilung sehr einfach und schnell verändert werden kann.This version has the advantage that the coating distribution can be changed very easily and quickly.

Geeignete Photoleiter sind z.B. Zinkoxid, Cadmiumsulfid und Selen.Suitable photoconductors are e.g. Zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide and selenium.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Variante, bei der die Belichtung des Photoleiters 21 vom Inneren der Trommel aus erfolgt. Der Photoleiter ist auf einer leitenden, transparenten, geerdeten Unterlage 22 aufgebracht. Diese Unterlage, die aus einem aufgedampften Film bestehen kann, wird von einem transparenten Hohlzylinder 23 aufgetragen, der von innen mitels einer Lampe 24 beleuchtet wird. Die teilweise transparente Vorlage 25 gestattet die teilflächige Belichtung des Photoleiters, der in den belichteten Zonen als Leiter und in den unbelichteten Zonen als Isolator wirkt.FIG. 5 shows a variant in which the exposure of the photoconductor 21 takes place from the inside of the drum. The photoconductor is applied to a conductive, transparent, grounded base 22. This base, which can consist of a vapor-deposited film, is applied by a transparent hollow cylinder 23, which is illuminated from the inside by means of a lamp 24. The partially transparent template 25 allows partial exposure of the photoconductor, which acts as a conductor in the exposed zones and as an insulator in the unexposed zones.

Die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens einzusetzenden Mikrokapseln und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sind in grosser Zahl bekannt. So können die seit langem bekannten Mikrokapseln verwendet werden, die durch Koazervierung oder Komplexkoazervierung aus Gelatine und Gummi arabicum, sowie Gelatine und anderen anorganischen und organischen Polyanionen hergestellt werden können. Verschiedene derartige Verfahren sind u.a. in M. Gutcho, Capsule Technology and Microencapsulation, Noyes Data Corporation 1972, bekanntgeworden.A large number of the microcapsules to be used for carrying out the process according to the invention and processes for their production are known. Thus, the long-known microcapsules can be used, which can be produced by coacervation or complex coacervation from gelatin and acacia, as well as gelatin and other inorganic and organic polyanions. Various such methods include in M. Gutcho, Capsule Technology and Microencapsulation, Noyes Data Corporation 1972.

Insbesondere werden beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren Mikrokapseln verwendet, deren Wände aus Polymeren, Polykondensations- und Polyadditionsprodukten bestehen.In particular, microcapsules are used in the method according to the invention, the walls of which consist of polymers, polycondensation and polyaddition products.

Die nachfolgende Übersicht ist G. Baxter, Microencapsulation, Processes and Applications, herausgegeben von J.E. Vandegaer, entnommen und zeigt eine Zusammenstellung der nach dem Stand der Technik bekanntgewordenen Kapselwandpolymeren.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
The following overview is taken from G. Baxter, Microencapsulation, Processes and Applications, edited by JE Vandegaer, and shows a compilation of the capsule wall polymers that have become known according to the prior art.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Es können für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren auch Mikrokapseln mit Wänden aus speziellen Polyacrylaten, wie z.B. in DE-OS 2 237 545 und DE-OS 2 119 933 beschrieben, verwendet werden.Microcapsules with walls made of special polyacrylates, such as e.g. described in DE-OS 2 237 545 and DE-OS 2 119 933 can be used.

Ferner können Phenol- oder Harnstoff-Formaldehydkondensate als Wandmaterial eingesetzt werden, gegebenenfalls auch in Kombination mit den vorgenannten Kapselwandpolymeren.Furthermore, phenol or urea-formaldehyde condensates can be used as wall material, optionally also in combination with the capsule wall polymers mentioned above.

Bevorzugt werden beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren Mikrokapseln verwendet, deren Hüllen aus Polyadditionsprodukten aus Poly-Isocyanaten und Polyaminen bestehen.Microcapsules are preferably used in the process according to the invention, the shells of which consist of polyadducts of polyisocyanates and polyamines.

Zur Herstellung derartiger Mikrokapseln einzusetzende Isocyanate sind Diisocyanate, wie Xylylen--1,4-diisocyanat, Xylylen-1,3-diisocyanat, Trimethylen-diisocyanat, Hexamethylen-diisocyanat, Propylen-1,2-diisocyanat, Butylen-1,2-diisocyanat, Ethyliden-diisocyanat, Cydohexyl-1,2-diisocyanat, Cyclohexyl-1,4-diisocyanat, Polyisocyanatvorpolymerisate, z.B. Anlagerungsprodukt von Hexamethylendiisocyanat und Hexantriol, Anlagerungsprodukt von 2,4-Toluylen-diisocyanat mit Brenzkatechin, Anlagerungsprodukt von Toluylendiisocyanat mit Hexantriol, Anlagerungsprodukt von Toluylendiisocyanat mit Trimethylolpropan oder geeignete Polyisocyanate, die den vorstehend angegebenen Verbindungen analog sind.Isocyanates to be used for the production of such microcapsules are diisocyanates such as xylylene-1,4-diisocyanate, xylylene-1,3-diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, propylene-1,2-diisocyanate, butylene-1,2-diisocyanate , Ethylidene diisocyanate, Cydohexyl-1,2-diisocyanate, Cyclohexyl-1,4-diisocyanate, polyisocyanate prepolymers, e.g. Adduct of hexamethylene diisocyanate and hexanetriol, adduct of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate with pyrocatechol, adduct of tolylene diisocyanate with hexanetriol, adduct of tolylene diisocyanate with trimethylolpropane or suitable polyisocyanates which are analogous to the compounds given above.

Weitere modifizierte aliphatische Isocyanate sind solche auf Basis von Hexamethylen-1,6-diisocyanat, m-Xylylen-diisocyanat, 4,4'-Diisocyanato-dicyclohexyl-methan bzw. lsophorondiisocyanat, die pro Molekül mindestens zwei funktionelle Isocyanatgruppen besitzen.Further modified aliphatic isocyanates are those based on hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, m-xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane or isophorone diisocyanate, which have at least two functional isocyanate groups per molecule.

Weitere geeignete Verbindungen sind Polyisocyanate auf Grundlage von Derivaten des Hexamethylen-1,6-diisocyanats mit Biuretstruktur, deren Herstellung aus den DE-AS 1 101 394 und 1 543 178, sowie aus den DE-OS 1 568 017 und 1 931 055 hervorgeht.Other suitable compounds are polyisocyanates based on derivatives of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate with a biuret structure, the production of which is evident from DE-AS 1 101 394 and 1 543 178, and from DE-OS 1 568 017 and 1 931 055.

Die verwendbaren Polyisocyanate können vor dem Einsatz zur Mikroverkapselung zusätzlich modifiziert werden durch Umsetzung mit di- und trifunktionellen Alkoholen wie Ethandiole, Glycerin oder Trimethylolpropan bzw. Carbonsäuren wie Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure, Sebacinsäure in Anteilen von 0,01 bis 0,5 Mol pro Isocyanat-Äquivalent.The polyisocyanates that can be used can additionally be modified before use for microencapsulation by reaction with di- and trifunctional alcohols such as ethanediols, glycerol or trimethylolpropane or carboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid in proportions of 0.01 to 0.5 mol per isocyanate equivalent .

Anstelle der Isocyanatgruppen können als reaktive Gruppen auch Carbodiimid-, Uretdion-, Uretonimin-, Uretidindiondiimin-, 4-Imino-oxazolidinon-(2)-, ß-AIkylen-propiolacton- bzw. Cyclobutandion-(1,3)-gruppen vorhanden sein.Instead of the isocyanate groups, carbodiimide, uretdione, uretonimine, uretidinedione diimine, 4-imino-oxazolidinone (2), β-alkylene propiolactone or cyclobutanedione (1,3) groups can also be present as reactive groups .

So sind beispielsweise einsetzbar Polyisocyanatopolyuretonimine, wie sie durch Carbodiimidisierung von Biuretgruppen enthaltendem Hexamethylen--1,6-diisocyanat mit Phosphor-organischen Katalysatoren entstehen, durch weitere Umsetzung primär gebildeter Carbodiimidgruppen mit lsocyanatgruppen zu Uretonimingruppen. Weiterhin können diese Isocyanate in Mischung miteinander und anderen aliphatischen und aromatischen Isocyanaten verwendet werden.For example, polyisocyanatopolyuretonimines, such as those formed by carbodiimidization of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate containing biuret groups with phosphorus-organic catalysts, can be used by further reaction of primarily formed carbodiimide groups with isocyanate groups to form uretonimine groups. Furthermore, these isocyanates can be used in a mixture with one another and other aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates.

Je nach Reaktionsbedingungen kann das resultierende modifizierte Polyisocyanat erhebliche Anteile an Oxadiazintrion, Triisocyanurat bzw. sym. Triazindionimin als Strukturelement enthalten. Auch solche Produkte eignen sich als Hüllenbildner.Depending on the reaction conditions, the resulting modified polyisocyanate can contain considerable proportions of oxadiazinetrione, triisocyanurate or sym. Triazinedioneimine as a structural element. Such products are also suitable as shell formers.

Besonders geeignet sind Diisocyanate der Formel 1

Figure imgb0003
n = 3-6.Diisocyanates of the formula 1 are particularly suitable
Figure imgb0003
n = 3-6.

Zur Umsetzung mit den genannten Isocyanaten geeignete Diamine sind aliphatische primäre oder sekundäre Di- und Polyamine, wie z.B.:

  • Ethylendiamin-(1,2)-, Bis-(3-aminopropyl)-amin, Hydrazin, Hydrazin-ethanol-(2), Bis-(2-methylaminoethyl)-methylamin, 1,4-Diaminocyclohexan, 3-Amino-1-methyl-aminopropan, N-Hydroxi-ethylethylendiamin, N-Methyl-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-amin, 1,4-Diamino-n-butan, 1,6-Diamino-n-hexan, Ethylen-(1,2)-diamin-N-Ethyl-sulfonsäure (als Alkalisalz), N-Amino-ethylethylendiamin-(1,2) (Diethylentriamin) Bis-(N,N'-aminoethyl)-ethylendiamin(1-2) (Triethylentetramin), Hydrazin und seine Salze werden im vorliegenden Zusammenhang ebenfalls als Diamine angesprochen.
Diamines suitable for reaction with the isocyanates mentioned are aliphatic primary or secondary diamines and polyamines, such as, for example:
  • Ethylenediamine- (1,2) -, bis- (3-aminopropyl) -amine, hydrazine, hydrazine-ethanol- (2), bis- (2-methylaminoethyl) -methylamine, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 3-amino-1-methylaminopropane, N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine, N-methyl-bis- (3-aminopropyl) -amine, 1,4-diamino-n-butane, 1,6-diamino-n-hexane, Ethylene- (1,2) -diamine-N-ethyl-sulfonic acid (as alkali salt), N-amino-ethylethylene-diamine- (1,2) (diethylene-triamine) bis- (N, N'-aminoethyl) -ethylene diamine (1-2 ) (Triethylene tetramine), hydrazine and its salts are also referred to as diamines in the present context.

Beispiele für den Farbbildner sind Triphenylmethanverbindungen, Diphenylmethanverbindungen, Xanthenverbindungen, Thiazinverbindungen, Spiropyranverbindungen oder dergleichen.Examples of the color former are triphenylmethane compounds, diphenylmethane compounds, xanthene compounds, thiazine compounds, spiropyran compounds or the like.

Beispiele für die vorstehend aufgeführten Gruppen sind die folgenden:

  • Beispiele für eine Triphenylmethanverbindung sind 3,3-Bis-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-dimethyl- aminophthalid (Kristallviolettlacton, nachstehend als C.V.L. bezeichnet) und 3,3-Bis-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-phthalid (Malachitgrünlacton).
Examples of the groups listed above are as follows:
  • Examples of a triphenylmethane compound are 3,3-bis (p-dimethylaminophenyl) -6-dimethylaminophthalide (crystal violet lactone, hereinafter referred to as CVL) and 3,3-bis (p-dimethylaminophenyl) phthalide (malachite green lactone).

Beispiele für eine Diphenylmethanverbindung sind 4,4'-Bis-dimethylaminobenzhydrylbenzylether, N-Halogenphenylleucolamin, N-ß-Naphthylleucolamin, N-2,4,5-Trichlorphenylleucolamin, N-2,4-Di- chlorphenylleucolamin oder dergleichen.Examples of a diphenylmethane compound are 4,4'-bis-dimethylaminobenzhydrylbenzylether, N-halophenylleucolamine, N-ß-naphthylleucolamine, N-2,4,5-trichlorophenylleucolamine, N-2,4-dichlorophenylleucolamine or the like.

Beispiele für eine Xanthenverbindung sind Rhodamin-ß-anilinolactam, Rhodamin-ß-(p-nitroanilin)--lactam, Rhodamin-β-(p-chloranilinl-lactam, 7-Dimethyl-amin-2-methoxifluoran, 7-Diethylamin-3--methoxifluoran, . 7-Diethylamin-3-methyl-fluoran, 7-Diethylamin-3-chlor-fluoran, 7-Diethylamin-3--chlor-2-methylfluoran, 7-Diethylamin-2,4-dimethylfluoran, 7-Diethylamin-2,3-dimethylfluoran, 7-Diethyl-(3-acetyl-methylamin)-fluoran, 7-Diethyl--amin-3-(dibenzylamin)-fluoran, 7-Diethylamin-3--(methylbenzylamin)-fluoran, 7-Diethylamin-3--(chlorethylmethylamino)-fluoran, 7-Diethylamin-3--(dichlorethyl-amin)-fluoran, 7-Diethylamin-3-)diethyl-amin)-fluoran oder dergleichen.Examples of a xanthene compound are rhodamine-β-anilinolactam, rhodamine-β- (p-nitroaniline) lactam, rhodamine-β- (p-chloroanilinl lactam, 7-dimethylamine-2-methoxifluorane, 7-diethylamine-3 - methoxifluorane,. 7-diethylamine-3-methyl-fluorane, 7-diethylamine-3-chlorofluorane, 7-diethylamine-3 - chloro-2-methylfluorane, 7-diethylamine-2,4-dimethylfluorane, 7- Diethylamine-2,3-dimethylfluorane, 7-diethyl- (3-acetyl-methylamine) -fluorane, 7-diethylamine-3- (dibenzylamine) -fluorane, 7-diethylamine-3 - (methylbenzylamine) -fluorane, 7-diethylamine-3 - (chloroethylmethylamino) -fluorane, 7-diethylamine-3 - (dichloroethyl-amine) -fluorane, 7-diethylamine-3) diethyl-amine) -fluorane or the like.

Beispiele für eine Thiazinverbindung sind N-Benzoylleucomethylenblau, o-Chlorbenzoylleucomethylenblau, p-Nitrol-benzoylleucomethylenblau oder dergleichen.Examples of a thiazine compound are N-benzoylleucomethylene blue, o-chlorobenzoylleucomethylene blue, p-nitrol-benzoylleucomethylene blue or the like.

Beispiele für eine Spiroverbindung sind 3-Methyl--2,2'-spirobis-[benzo(f)-chromen] oder dergleichen.Examples of a spiro compound are 3-methyl-2,2'-spirobis [benzo (f) chromium] or the like.

Lösungsmittel, die diese Farbbildner lösen, sind z.B. chloriertes Diphenyl, chloriertes Paraffin, Baumwollsamenöl, Erdnussöl, Silikonöl, Phthalatester, Phosphatester, Sulfonatester, Monochlorbenzol, ferner teilhydrierte Terphenyle, alkylierte Naththaline, alkylierte Diphenyle, Arylether, Arylalkylether, höher alkyliertes Benzol und andere, die allein oder kombiniert eingesetzt werden können.Solvents that dissolve these color formers are e.g. chlorinated diphenyl, chlorinated paraffin, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, silicone oil, phthalate esters, phosphate esters, sulfonate esters, monochlorobenzene, furthermore partially hydrogenated terphenyls, alkylated naththalenes, alkylated diphenyls, aryl ethers, aryl alkyl ethers, higher alkylated benzene and others which can be used alone or in combination.

Häufig werden den Lösungsmitteln Verdünnungsmittel zugesetzt, wie z.B. Kerosin, n-Paraffine, Isoparaffine.Diluents are often added to the solvents, e.g. Kerosene, n-paraffins, isoparaffins.

Zur Herstellung der Mikrokapseln nach dem Polyadditionsverfahren werden zunächst die Fargeber und das Isocyanat in den genannten Lösungsmitteln gelöst und diese organische Phase in der kontinuierlichen wässrigen Phase, die Schufzkolloid und gegebenenfalls Emulgatoren enthalten kann, emulgiert. Zur Emulsion gibt man eine wässrige Polyamidlösung in stöchiometrischer Menge zum Polyisocyanat in der organischen Phase.To produce the microcapsules by the polyaddition process, the colorants and the isocyanate are first dissolved in the solvents mentioned and this organic phase is emulsified in the continuous aqueous phase, which may contain protective colloid and, if appropriate, emulsifiers. An aqueous polyamide solution is added to the emulsion in a stoichiometric amount to the polyisocyanate in the organic phase.

Zur Emulgierung und Stabilisierung der gebildeten Emulsion werden der wässrigen Phase Schutzkolloide und Emulgierhilfsmittel zugesetzt. Beispiele für solche, als Schutzkolloide wirkende Produkte sind Carboximethylcellulose, Gelatine und Polyvinylalkohol.Protective colloids and emulsifying aids are added to the aqueous phase to emulsify and stabilize the emulsion formed. Examples of such products acting as protective colloids are carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol.

Beispiele für Emulgatoren sind oxethyliertes 3-Benzylhydroxibiphenyl, Umsetzungsprodukte von Nonylphenol mit unterschiedlichen Mengen Ethylenoxid und Sorbitanfettsäureester.Examples of emulsifiers are ethoxylated 3-benzylhydroxibiphenyl, reaction products of nonylphenol with different amounts of ethylene oxide and sorbitan fatty acid ester.

Die Mikrokapseln können kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich hergestellt werden. Man verwendet im allgemeinen Dispergiergeräte, die ein Schergefälle erzeugen. Beispiele hierfür sind Blatt-, Korb-, Schnellrührer, Kolloidmühlen, Homogenisatoren, Ultraschalldispergatoren, Düsen, Stahldüsen, Supratonmaschinen. Die Stärke der Turbulenz beim Vermischen ist in erster Linie bestimmend für den Durchmesser der erhaltenen Mikrokapseln. Kapseln in der Grösse von 1 bis 2000 pm können hergestellt werden. Bevorzugt sind Kapseln mit Durchmessern von 2 bis 20 µm. Die Kapseln agglomerieren nicht und haben eine enge Teilchengrössenverteilung. Das Gewichtsverhältnis von Kernmaterial zu Hüllenmaterial ist 50 bis 90 zu 50 bis 10.The microcapsules can be produced continuously or batchwise. Dispersing devices which generate a shear gradient are generally used. Examples include blade, basket, high-speed stirrers, colloid mills, homogenizers, ultrasonic dispersers, nozzles, steel nozzles, and Supraton machines. The strength of the turbulence during mixing is primarily decisive for the diameter of the microcapsules obtained. Capsules in the size of 1 to 2000 pm can be produced. Capsules with diameters of 2 to 20 μm are preferred. The capsules do not agglomerate and have a narrow particle size distribution. The weight ratio of core material to shell material is 50 to 90 to 50 to 10.

Die Erfindung wird durch folgende Beispiele näher erläutert:The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Beispiel aJExample aJ (Herstellung der Mikrokapseln)(Manufacture of microcapsules)

Die Herstellung der Mikrokapseln geschah gemäss Beispiel der DE-OS 2 738 509.The microcapsules were produced according to the example of DE-OS 2 738 509.

Es wurde hiernach eine 35%ige wässrige Mikrokapseldispersion hergestellt, deren Kapselwände aus einem Polyadditionsprodukt aus dem Oxadiazintrion von Hexamethylendiisocyanat und einem Diamin bestanden. Der Kapselinhalt war eine Lösung von 2,7 Gew.-% Kristallviolettlacton und 0,9 Gew.- % N-Benzoylleucomethylenblau in einem Gemisch aus Di-Isopropyl-Diphenyl und Isohexadecan (80:20-Gewichtsverhältnis). Der mittlere Kapseldurchmesser betrug 6,5 µm.A 35% aqueous microcapsule dispersion was then produced, the capsule walls of which consisted of a polyaddition product of the oxadiazinetrione of hexamethylene diisocyanate and a diamine. The capsule contents were a solution of 2.7% by weight crystal violet lactone and 0.9% by weight N-benzoyl leucomethylene blue in a mixture of di-isopropyl-diphenyl and isohexadecane (80:20 weight ratio). The mean capsule diameter was 6.5 µm.

Beispiel bJExample bJ (Herstellung umhüllter Mikrokapselpulver)(Production of coated microcapsule powder)

In 100 Gew.-Teilen der obigen wässrigen Mikrokapseldispersion wurden unter Rühren 32 Gew.-Teile einer 40%igen wässrigen nichtionischen Polyethylendispersion eingerührt (Hordamer PE 03, Fa. Hoechst).32 parts by weight of a 40% strength aqueous nonionic polyethylene dispersion (Hordamer PE 03, Hoechst) were stirred into 100 parts by weight of the above aqueous microcapsule dispersion with stirring.

Anschliessend erfolgte die Sprühtrocknung dieses Gemisches (180°C Lufttemperatur Eingang, 80°C Lufttemperatur Ausgang). Es wurde ein agglomeratfreies Pulver erhalten. Die mittlere Teilchengrösse hatte einen Durchmesser von 7,0 µm. Das erhaltene Pulvergemisch wurde auf einen Papierträger aufgetragen.This mixture was then spray-dried (180 ° C. air temperature inlet, 80 ° C. air temperature outlet). An agglomerate-free powder was obtained. The average particle size was 7.0 µm in diameter. The powder mixture obtained was applied to a paper support.

Beispiel c)Example c) (Herstellung umhüllter Mikrokapselpulver)(Production of coated microcapsule powder)

Die Mikrokapseldispersion a wurde wie unter b sprühgetrocknet. 100 Gew.-Teile des erhaltenen Kapselpulvers wurden mit 20 Gew.-Teilen eines feinpulverigen, teilverseiften Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymeren (Levasint, Fa. Bayer AG) innig vermischt. Das erhaltene Pulvergemisch wurde zur Abscheidung auf einem Papierträger verwendet.Microcapsule dispersion a was spray-dried as under b. 100 parts by weight of the obtained Capsule powder was intimately mixed with 20 parts by weight of a finely powdered, partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Levasint, Bayer AG). The powder mixture obtained was used for deposition on a paper support.

Beispiel α)Example α) (Herstellung umhüllter Mikrokapselpulver)(Production of coated microcapsule powder)

Die Mikrokapseldispersion a wurde wie unter b sprühgetrocknet. Anschliessend wurden in 250 Teilen Trichlorethan 40 Gew.-Teile Carnaubawachs unter Erwärmen auf 40°C gelöst und in diese Lösung 160 Gew.-Teile der Trockenkapsein eingemischt. Anschliessend wurde im Vakuum das Trichlorethan abgezogen.The microcapsule dispersion a was spray-dried as under b. 40 parts by weight of carnauba wax were then dissolved in 250 parts of trichloroethane while heating to 40 ° C., and 160 parts by weight of the dry capsule were mixed into this solution. The trichloroethane was then removed in vacuo.

Es wurde ein mit Carnaubawachs überzogenes, freifliessendes Kapselpulver erhalten. Das erhaltene Pulvergemisch wurde zur Abscheidung auf einem Papierträger verwendet.A free-flowing capsule powder coated with carnauba wax was obtained. The powder mixture obtained was used for deposition on a paper support.

AusführungsbeispielEmbodiment

Für die Papierbeschichtung wird ein Kapselmaterial verwendet, das mit Carnaubawachs überzogen ist (Beispiel d). Die mittlere Grösse der Kapseln liegt bei 8 I!m. Dieses Material wird in einem Luftstrom aufgewirbelt und in einer Anordnung nach Fig. 2 in den Entladungsraum zwischen einer Spitzenelektrode und einer plattenförmigen Gegenelektrode eingeblasen. Die Oberfläche der Gegenelektrode ist in isolierende Felder 8 und leitende Felder 9 aufgeteilt, wobei die leitfähigen Felder untereinander und mit einer Spannungsquelle 7 verbunden sind. Diese Elektrode ist mit einem Papierblatt bedeckt, das die Kapselschicht aufnehmen soll. Das Papier hat einen spezifischen Widerstand von 108 Ohm - m. Der Abstand zwischen Spitze und Platte beträgt 10 cm. Zwischen den Elektroden, die mit der Spannungsquelle 7 verbunden sind, liegt eine Spannung von 30 kV. Die Spitze ist positiv. Schaltet man zuerst die Spannung ein und führt man danach die Kapseln in den Entladungsraum, so bildet sich in Bruchteilen einer Sekunde eine dünne, gleichmässige Kapselschicht auf den Stellen des Papiers aus, die über den leitfähigen Teilen der Gegenelektrode liegen. Nach diesem Vorgang wird das so beschichtete Papier von der Unterlage abgenommen und in eine Heizvorrichtung gebracht, wo es für die Zeit von 10 sec auf 150°C aufgeheizt wird. Die Wachshülle der Kapseln schmilzt dabei an die Papieroberfläche an und fixiert so die Kapselschicht. Man erhält ein funktionsfähiges Reaktionsdurchschreibepapier.A capsule material coated with carnauba wax is used for the paper coating (example d). The average size of the capsules is 8 I! m. This material is whirled up in an air stream and, in an arrangement according to FIG. 2, blown into the discharge space between a tip electrode and a plate-shaped counterelectrode. The surface of the counter electrode is divided into insulating fields 8 and conductive fields 9, the conductive fields being connected to one another and to a voltage source 7. This electrode is covered with a sheet of paper to hold the capsule layer. The paper has a specific resistance of 10 8 ohm-m. The distance between the tip and the plate is 10 cm. There is a voltage of 30 kV between the electrodes which are connected to the voltage source 7. The top is positive. If you first switch on the voltage and then insert the capsules into the discharge space, a thin, uniform capsule layer forms on the areas of the paper that lie above the conductive parts of the counterelectrode in a fraction of a second. After this process, the paper coated in this way is removed from the base and placed in a heating device, where it is heated to 150 ° C. for a period of 10 seconds. The wax shell of the capsules melts onto the paper surface and thus fixes the capsule layer. A functional carbonless reaction paper is obtained.

In gleicher Weise wurden Kapselmaterialien gemäss Beispielen a-c eingesetzt. Es wurden ebenfalls funktionsfähige Reaktionsdurchschreibepapiere erhalten.Capsule materials according to Examples a-c were used in the same way. Functional carbonless copy papers were also obtained.

Claims (6)

1. Process for the production of pressure-sensitive duplicating paper containing a paper substrate, the surface of which is partly coated with a dye-producing layer of a microencapsulated solution of a dye former in an organic solvent, characterised in that the water-free microcapsules provided with a meltable coating or water-free mixtures of a finely divided meltable powder with the microcapsule powders are electrostatically applied to a paper substrate and then fixed by heat treatment.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that wax compositions, thermoplasts or hot-melt adhesives with softening temperatures of 60 to 120°C are used as the meltable coating for the microcapsules.
3. Process according to Claim 2, characterised in that carnauba waxes and/or partly saponified ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer are used as the coating.
4. Process according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the substance of the paper substrate is 40-200 g/m 2.
5. Process according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the specific resistance of the paper substrate is 104 to 1014 Ohm - m.
6. Process according to Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the heat treatment is carried out by heating to 50 to 150°C.
EP83100383A 1982-01-30 1983-01-18 Process for the production of partially coated copying paper Expired EP0085346B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT83100383T ATE18521T1 (en) 1982-01-30 1983-01-18 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTIALLY COATED CARBON PAPER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3203059 1982-01-30
DE19823203059 DE3203059A1 (en) 1982-01-30 1982-01-30 PARTIAL COATED COPY PAPER

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JPS6092889A (en) * 1983-10-27 1985-05-24 Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd Partially pressure-sensitive copying paper and production thereof
JPS60149489A (en) * 1984-01-17 1985-08-06 Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd Partial pressure sensitive paper
US5639708A (en) * 1991-12-05 1997-06-17 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Providing a UV curable protection strip on a business form

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US3694243A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-09-26 Ncr Co Coating of particles and process for manufacturing said coating
US4171981A (en) * 1977-04-29 1979-10-23 The Mead Corporation Process for the production of hot melt coating compositions containing microcapsules
US4162165A (en) * 1977-06-16 1979-07-24 The Mead Corporation Process for the production of microcapsular coating compositions containing pigment particles and compositions produced thereby
US4201404A (en) * 1978-05-17 1980-05-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pressure-sensitive marking materials

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ATE18521T1 (en) 1986-03-15
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