EP0081186B1 - Method and means for reducing registration faults in multicolour rotary printing machines - Google Patents

Method and means for reducing registration faults in multicolour rotary printing machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0081186B1
EP0081186B1 EP82111065A EP82111065A EP0081186B1 EP 0081186 B1 EP0081186 B1 EP 0081186B1 EP 82111065 A EP82111065 A EP 82111065A EP 82111065 A EP82111065 A EP 82111065A EP 0081186 B1 EP0081186 B1 EP 0081186B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
torque
register
motor
functional relationship
quantity characteristic
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EP82111065A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0081186A1 (en
Inventor
Anton Rodi
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Publication of EP0081186A1 publication Critical patent/EP0081186A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/08Cylinders
    • B41F13/10Forme cylinders
    • B41F13/12Registering devices
    • B41F13/14Registering devices with means for displacing the cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/16Programming systems for automatic control of sequence of operations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for reducing register errors in multicolor rotary printing presses, in particular in multicolor offset printing presses, the printing units of which are driven by a common motor and have a device for register adjustment.
  • the production of flawless multi-color prints presupposes that the printing plates used for printing the different colors register precisely with one another, that is to say they come into register with high accuracy on the paper traveling through the printing machine.
  • such printing machines are provided with devices for register adjustment, which make it possible to adjust the cylinders of the successive printing units which support the printing plates by small angular amounts relative to one another.
  • a particular difficulty in register adjustment is that the angular position of the cylinders carrying the printing plates with respect to the drive shaft is not rigid, but because of the inevitable elasticity of the materials used depends on the torque that must be used to drive the printing press. This torque is greatest on the drive motor and decreases from there along the gear chain leading to the individual printing units. As a result, the torque-dependent rotation of the cylinders carrying the pressure plates with respect to the drive shaft is different, from which it also follows that the rotation of the cylinders carrying the pressure plates relative to one another is different and depends on the magnitude of the torque.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device for avoiding register errors in multicolor rotary printing presses, which make it possible to change the operating speed of the printing press after precise setting of the register at any and, in particular, low speed, without the register setting is lost again.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the functional relationship between the torque supplied by the engine or a characteristic quantity characteristic of the torque and the register shift necessary to maintain a correct register is determined and stored, and in that the engine supplied delivers the current operation Torque or the characteristic quantity therefor is monitored and the register shift is set to the value functionally assigned to the respective torque.
  • the printer can set up a perfect coverage of the individual print images when the machine is running slowly, and this coverage is retained if the machine is brought up to speed because the register shift necessary to maintain the coverage is known and is carried out automatically.
  • the invention also avoids register errors which could otherwise arise as a result of certain changing operating conditions, for example due to an increase in the operating temperature, with the resultant decrease in the torque requirement as the operating time increases after the printing machine is switched on.
  • the method according to the invention therefore allows the machine to be set up at slow speed with a correspondingly low material consumption and ensures that a good register is maintained at the desired pressure number even under changing operating conditions, without having to resort to the known, complicated control devices. Rather, a simple control is sufficient on the basis of the functional relationship between the torque supplied by the motor and the necessary register shift.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention can also be retrofitted to any printing press, because it is only necessary to attach a device for monitoring the torque supplied by the motor or a variable characteristic of the torque and with a Connect control device that one Memory includes, in which different torques associated values of the register shift are stored and which is connected to the device for register shifting of the printing press in such a way that it effects an adjustment of the register shift to the assigned stored value depending on the measured torque.
  • the invention also relates to a device for reducing register errors in multi-color rotary printing machines, in particular multi-color offset printing machines, the printing units of which are driven by a common motor and have a device for register adjustment, which is characterized in that for carrying out the inventive Method has a device for monitoring the torque supplied by the drive motor or a variable characteristic of the torque and a control unit which comprises a memory in which values of the register shift assigned to different torques are stored, and which as a function of the measured torque or the torque therefor characteristic size causes an adjustment of the register shift to the assigned, stored value.
  • the blanket cylinders can also be adjusted in offset printing presses, in order to avoid image shifting on the blanket and consequent misprints.
  • the torque can be measured, for example, on the output shaft of the engine.
  • the attachment of strain gauges may be sufficient for this.
  • piezoelectric torque sensors for example, can also be installed in the output shaft of the motor. It is even easier if the torque is determined based on the current consumption of the motor.
  • the functional relationship between the torque or a variable characteristic therefor and the register shift is stored in the form of a table of values, because then the data contained in the table of values is saved by conventional computing devices, in particular a digital one Processor that can be processed.
  • the values corresponding to the different register shifts are then stored at addresses which correspond to different torques, so that the mass of a certain torque or the characteristic quantity therefor results in the addressing of a specific memory location, while the value available at this memory location corresponds to the torque assigned register shift determined.
  • This value can easily be transferred to the desired register shift using the usual control technology. It also goes without saying that it is readily possible to convert the measured torque into a digital value which corresponds directly to a memory address.
  • the drive power applied by the drive motor 6 is fed into the schematically indicated gear train 8 between the second and third printing units of a five-color sheet-fed offset printing press 7.
  • the torque distribution shown in FIG. 1 at the maximum speed n max of the printing machine 7 results Total torque 111 applied by the drive motor 6, which is divided in the force input point 11 between the printing units 2 and 3 in a ratio of 2: 3, results in a torque requirement and consumption of 1/5 of the total torque 111.
  • 2/5 of the split torque for each individual printing unit are used to supply the first and second printing units with torque, while the remaining 3/5 of the torque is distributed evenly between printing units 3 to 5.
  • the printing unit 2 becomes powerless, so that the torque requirement of the printing machine 2 and thus the torque to be applied by the drive motor 1 are only 4/5 of the total torque M, with the printing units 1 and 2 then only 1/5 in total and 3/5 of the fed-in torque for printing units 3 to 5.
  • the total torque required for a printing press 7 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is dependent on the rising machines speed n indicated, with the torque M on the ordinate and the machine speed n m on the abscissa.
  • the torque curve 12 is characteristic of the torque curve for a printing press according to FIG. And the curve 13 for the torque curve of a printing press according to FIG. 2.
  • the drive motor 6 is designed such that it is under full load by all five printing units. According to the end point of the torque curve 12 at the highest machine speed 22 and the greatest torque requirement, it must only be driven in the partial load range, for example with approximately 80% of its total output.
  • the characteristic values of the corresponding register adjustments in the individual speed ranges determined for these torque curves are measured in a device 14 for monitoring the torque, designed as a torque converter, and measured in a quantity characteristic of the respective torque, e.g. B. the current intensity I, transformed.
  • the values of the measured torque converted in this way are stored in a memory 15 of a control unit 16.
  • the memory can be designed as an internal memory of the control unit 16 or instead as an external memory unit.
  • the control unit 16 - preferably an electronic computer - is coupled to an operating unit 17, by means of whose keyboard not described and shown in more detail, control commands for adjusting the register of the individual printing units 1 to 5 can be entered.
  • a control electronics unit 18 is connected upstream of the control unit 16, which records parameters specific to the job, machine and environment and also stores them in the memory 15 as a function of the measured torques.
  • the control unit 16 is connected to the register motors 19 of the individual printing units 1 to 5.
  • the register motors 19 are also coupled to the memory 15 and to a display 20 for visual representation of the register values in digital or analog form for the purpose of feedback of their position values.
  • the functional relationship between torque and register shift is a characteristic of the respective printing press 7, this characteristic can also depend on external factors, such as the temperature, since the elastic properties of the materials are also temperature-dependent.
  • the register shift depends on the way in which the loads on the transmission chain, i. H. distribute the gear train 8, so that the use of colors of different viscosities can have an influence on the register shift.
  • the shift in register may depend on the material used as the print carrier, for example on the composition and thickness of the paper used, but perhaps also on plastic films or even pieces of textile. Accordingly, it can be expedient to determine the functional relationship between torque and register shift under different conditions and to use the functional relationship applicable to the prevailing conditions to control the register shift.
  • Such an influencing condition can e.g. B. the switching off of one or more printing units 1-5, or general torque shifts by changing functions.
  • the torque applied by the drive motor 6 is transformed into a variable characteristic of the torque as a function of the increasing engine speed in the torque converter 14 and is entered into the memory 15 via the control unit 16.
  • the link electronics 18 make the parameters dependent on the conditions, the machine and the environment continuously recorded and also saved.
  • the register of the individual printing units With increasing machine speeds and with changing parameters, such as temperature, changing a print job with a different print medium, using other printing inks, etc., the register of the individual printing units also changes and requires constant corrections, which are entered by means of the operating unit 17 into the control unit 16 and the like Values are stored in memory 15.
  • the values of the register shift as a function of the torques and the parameters are stored at any time in the form of a table of values.
  • control unit 16 registers the values which the printer sets in operation, in order to correct values of the torque-dependent register shift which have already been stored or to save such values in the first place.
  • the settings registered by the control unit 16 are implemented automatically, so that the functional relationship at the start of the start-up of a printing press 7 is detected automatically.
  • the first printing processes after the machine has been put into operation can be understood as a “test run to determine the functional relationship.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)

Abstract

1. Method of reducing register errors in multi-colour rotary printing presses, particularly in multi-colour offset printing presses, whose printing units (1 to 5) are driven by a common motor (6) and exhibit a register adjusting device (19), wherein the functional relationship between the torque delivered by the motor (6) or a quantity characteristic of the torque and the register adjustment necessary for maintaining perfect register is recorded and stored, whereby, when the press is running, the torque delivered by the motor (6) or the quantity characteristic thereof is monitored and the register adjustment is set to the value functionally assigned to the respective torque.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Verringerung von Registerfehlern bei Mehrfarben-Rotationsdruckmaschinen, insbesondere bei Mehrfarben-Offset-Druckmaschinen, deren Druckwerke von einem gemeinsamen Motor aus angetrieben werden und eine Einrichtung zur Registerverstellung aufweisen.The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing register errors in multicolor rotary printing presses, in particular in multicolor offset printing presses, the printing units of which are driven by a common motor and have a device for register adjustment.

Die Herstellung einwandfreier Mehrfarbendrucke setzt voraus, daß die zum Druck der verschiedenen Farben dienenden Druckplatten genau miteinander registrieren, also auf dem die Druckmaschine durchwandernden Papier mit hoher Genauigkeit zur Deckung kommen. Um diese genaue Deckung zu erreichen, sind solche Druckmaschinen mit Einrichtungen zur Registerverstellung versehen, die es ermöglichen, die die Druckplatten tragenden Zylinder der aufeinander folgenden Druckwerke um geringe Winkelbeträge gegeneinander zu verstellen.The production of flawless multi-color prints presupposes that the printing plates used for printing the different colors register precisely with one another, that is to say they come into register with high accuracy on the paper traveling through the printing machine. In order to achieve this exact registration, such printing machines are provided with devices for register adjustment, which make it possible to adjust the cylinders of the successive printing units which support the printing plates by small angular amounts relative to one another.

Eine besondere Schwierigkeit bei der Registereinstellung besteht darin, daß die Winkelstellung der die Druckplatten tragenden Zylinder in bezug auf die Antriebswelle nicht starr ist, sondern wegen der unvermeidlichen Elastizität der verwendeten Materialien von dem Drehmoment abhängt, das zum Antrieb der Druckmaschine aufgewandt werden muß. Dieses Drehmoment ist am Antriebsmotor am größten und nimmt von dort längs der zu den einzelnen Druckwerken führenden Getriebekette ab. Infolgedessen ist die vom Drehmoment abhängige Verdrehung der die Druckplatten tragenden Zylinder gegenüber der Antriebswelle verschieden, woraus auch folgt, daß die Verdrehung der die Druckplatten tragenden Zylinder gegeneinander unterschiedlich und von der Größe des Drehmomentes abhängig ist. Da andererseits das vom Antriebsmotor aufzubringende Drehmoment eine Funktion der Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit der Maschine ist, kann eine genaue Registereinstellung erst bei der gewünschten Druckzahl erfolgen, was zur Folge hat, daß beim Einrichten der Maschine bei hohen Drehzahlen viel Makulatur produziert wird, bevor die richtige Registereinstellung erreicht ist. Um diesem Mangel abzuhelfen, hat man schon Vorrichtungen zur automatischen Registereinstellung vorgesehen, die maschinell lesbare Marken an den die Druckplatten tragenden Zylindern und Sensoren umfassen, welche auf diese Marken ansprechen und einer Steuereinheit Signale liefern, die es der Steuereinheit ermöglichen, durch entsprechende Registerverstellung eine gute Deckung der Druckbilder zu gewährleisten. Eine solche Einrichtung ist jedoch sehr kostspielig und läßt sich insbesondere nicht ohne weiteres bei vorhandenen Druckmaschinen nachträglich anbringen.A particular difficulty in register adjustment is that the angular position of the cylinders carrying the printing plates with respect to the drive shaft is not rigid, but because of the inevitable elasticity of the materials used depends on the torque that must be used to drive the printing press. This torque is greatest on the drive motor and decreases from there along the gear chain leading to the individual printing units. As a result, the torque-dependent rotation of the cylinders carrying the pressure plates with respect to the drive shaft is different, from which it also follows that the rotation of the cylinders carrying the pressure plates relative to one another is different and depends on the magnitude of the torque. On the other hand, since the torque to be applied by the drive motor is a function of the working speed of the machine, an accurate register setting can only take place at the desired pressure number, with the result that a lot of waste is produced when the machine is set up at high speeds before the correct register setting is achieved . In order to remedy this deficiency, devices for automatic register adjustment have already been provided which comprise machine-readable marks on the cylinders and sensors carrying the printing plates, which respond to these marks and which provide a control unit with signals which enable the control unit to perform a good one by appropriate register adjustment To ensure coverage of the printed images. However, such a device is very expensive and, in particular, cannot easily be retrofitted to existing printing machines.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Registerfehlern bei Mehrfarben-Rotationsdruckmaschinen zu schaffen, die es ermöglichen, nach genauer Einstellung des Registers bei beliebiger und insbesondere geringer Geschwindigkeit die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit der Druckmaschine zu ändern, ohne daß die Registereinstellung wieder verlorengeht.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device for avoiding register errors in multicolor rotary printing presses, which make it possible to change the operating speed of the printing press after precise setting of the register at any and, in particular, low speed, without the register setting is lost again.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung verfahrensgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der funktionelle Zusammenhang zwischen dem vom Motor gelieferten Drehmoment oder einer für das Drehmoment charakteristischen Größe und der zur Einhaltung eines einwandfreien Registers notwendigen Registerverschiebung festgestellt und gespeichert wird, und daß im laufenden Betrieb das vom Motor gelieferte Drehmoment bzw. die dafür charakteritische Größe überwacht und die Registerverschiebung auf den dem jeweiligen Drehmoment funktionell zugeordneten Wert eingestellt wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the functional relationship between the torque supplied by the engine or a characteristic quantity characteristic of the torque and the register shift necessary to maintain a correct register is determined and stored, and in that the engine supplied delivers the current operation Torque or the characteristic quantity therefor is monitored and the register shift is set to the value functionally assigned to the respective torque.

Da die vom Drehmoment abhängige Verdrehung der Plattenzylinder gegenüber der Antriebswelle vom mechanischen Aufbau und insbesondere von den Elastizitätseigenschaften der verwendeten Werkstoff abhängt, handelt es sich um eine spezifische Eigenschaft der jeweiligen Druckmaschine, die keinen nennenswerten zeitlichen Schwankungen unterworfen ist. Daher kann der Drucker bei langsam laufender Maschine eine einwandfreie Deckung der einzelnen Druckbilder einrichten, und es bleibt diese Deckung erhalten, wenn die Maschine auf hohe Touren gebracht wird, weil die dabei zum Erhalt der Deckung notwendige Registerverschiebung bekannt ist und automatisch vorgenommen wird. Ebenso werden durch die Erfindung Registerfehler vermieden, die sonst durch bestimmte wechselnde Betriebsbedingungen entstehen könnten, beispielsweise durch Ansteigen der Betriebstemperatur mit dadurch bedingter Abnahme des Drehmoment-Bedarfs bei zunehmender Betriebsdauer nach dem Anstellen der Druckmaschine. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt daher das Einrichten der Maschine bei Langsamlauf mit entsprechend geringem Materialverbrauch und gewährleistet das Einhalten eines guten Registers bei der gewünschten Druckzahl auch unter wechselnden Betriebsbedingungen, ohne daß zu den bekannten, komplizierten Regeleinrichtungen Zuflucht genommen werden muß. Es genügt vielmehr eine einfache Steuerung aufgrund des einmal ermittelten, funktionellen Zusammenhanges zwischen dem vom Motor gelieferten Drehmoment und der notwendigen Registerverschiebung.Since the torque-dependent rotation of the plate cylinder with respect to the drive shaft depends on the mechanical structure and, in particular, on the elastic properties of the material used, it is a specific property of the respective printing press that is not subject to any significant fluctuations in time. Therefore, the printer can set up a perfect coverage of the individual print images when the machine is running slowly, and this coverage is retained if the machine is brought up to speed because the register shift necessary to maintain the coverage is known and is carried out automatically. The invention also avoids register errors which could otherwise arise as a result of certain changing operating conditions, for example due to an increase in the operating temperature, with the resultant decrease in the torque requirement as the operating time increases after the printing machine is switched on. The method according to the invention therefore allows the machine to be set up at slow speed with a correspondingly low material consumption and ensures that a good register is maintained at the desired pressure number even under changing operating conditions, without having to resort to the known, complicated control devices. Rather, a simple control is sufficient on the basis of the functional relationship between the torque supplied by the motor and the necessary register shift.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist, daß eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens an jeder Druckmaschine auch noch nachträglich angebracht werden kann, weil es lediglich erforderlicht ist, eine Einrichtung zur Überwachung des von dem Motor gelieferten Drehmomentes oder einer für das Drehmoment charakteristischen Größe anzubringen und mit einer Steuervorrichtung zu verbinden, die einen Speicher umfaßt, in dem unterschiedlichen Drehmomenten zugeordnete Werte der Registerverschiebung gespeichert sind und die mit der Einrichtung zur Registerverschiebung der Druckmaschine derart verbunden ist, daß sie in Abhängigkeit von dem gemessenen Drehmoment eine Einstellung der Registerverschiebung auf den zugeordneten, gespeicherten Wert bewirkt.It is particularly advantageous that a device for carrying out the method according to the invention can also be retrofitted to any printing press, because it is only necessary to attach a device for monitoring the torque supplied by the motor or a variable characteristic of the torque and with a Connect control device that one Memory includes, in which different torques associated values of the register shift are stored and which is connected to the device for register shifting of the printing press in such a way that it effects an adjustment of the register shift to the assigned stored value depending on the measured torque.

Demgemäß ist Gegenstand der Erfindung auch eine Vorrichtung zur Verringerung von Registerfehlern bei Mehrfarben-Rotationsdruckmaschinen, insbesondere Mehrfarben-Offset-Druckmaschinen, deren Druckwerke von einem gemeinsamen Motor aus angetrieben werden und eine Einrichtung zur Registerverstellung aufweisen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eine Einrichtung zur Überwachung des vom Antriebsmotor gelieferten Drehmomentes oder einer für das Drehmoment charakteristischen Größe und eine Steuereinheit aufweist, die einen Speicher umfaßt, in dem unterschiedlichen Drehmomenten zugeordnete Werte der Registerverschiebung gespeichert sind, und die in Abhängigkeit von dem gemessenen Drehmoment bzw. der dafür charakteristischen Größe eine Einstellung der Registerverschiebung auf den zugeordneten, gespeicherten Wert bewirkt. Dabei versteht es sich, daß bei der Registerverschiebung außer den die Druckplatten tragenden Zylindern bei Offset-Druckmaschinen auch die Gummituchzylinder verstellt werden können, um eine Bildverschiebung auf dem Gummituch und dadurch bedingte Fehldrucke zu vermeiden. Das Drehmoment kann beispielsweise an der Abtriebswelle des Motors gemessen werden. Hierzu kann die Anbringung von Dehnungs-Meßstreifen ausreichen. Es lassen sich aber auch in die Abtriebswelle des Motors beispielsweise piezoelektrische Drehmoment-Fühler einbauen. Noch einfacher ist es, wenn das Drehmoment anhand der Stromaufnahme des Motors bestimmt wird. Selbst wenn der funktionelle Zusammenhang zwischen Drehmoment und Stromaufnahme oder anderer Betriebsgrößen des Motors nicht linear ist, spielt das keine besondere Rolle, wenn bei einem Probelauf der unmittelbare funktionelle Zusammenhang zwischen der gewählten, für das Drehmoment des Motors charakteristischen Größe und der notwendigen Registerverschiebung registriert oder auch ein solcher Zusammenhang rechnerisch ermittelt wird.Accordingly, the invention also relates to a device for reducing register errors in multi-color rotary printing machines, in particular multi-color offset printing machines, the printing units of which are driven by a common motor and have a device for register adjustment, which is characterized in that for carrying out the inventive Method has a device for monitoring the torque supplied by the drive motor or a variable characteristic of the torque and a control unit which comprises a memory in which values of the register shift assigned to different torques are stored, and which as a function of the measured torque or the torque therefor characteristic size causes an adjustment of the register shift to the assigned, stored value. It goes without saying that in the case of register shifting, in addition to the cylinders carrying the printing plates, the blanket cylinders can also be adjusted in offset printing presses, in order to avoid image shifting on the blanket and consequent misprints. The torque can be measured, for example, on the output shaft of the engine. The attachment of strain gauges may be sufficient for this. However, piezoelectric torque sensors, for example, can also be installed in the output shaft of the motor. It is even easier if the torque is determined based on the current consumption of the motor. Even if the functional relationship between torque and current consumption or other operating parameters of the motor is not linear, this does not play a special role if, during a test run, the immediate functional relationship between the selected quantity characteristic of the motor torque and the necessary register shift is registered or also such a relationship is calculated.

Für die praktische Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn der funktionnelle Zusammenhang zwischen dem Drehmoment oder einer dafür charakteristischen Größe und der Registerverschiebung in Form einer Wertetabelle gespeichert wird, weil dann die in der Wertetabelle enthaltenen Daten durch übliche Recheneinrichtungen, insbesondere einen digitalen Prozessor, verarbeitet werden können. Im Prinzip werden dann die unterschiedlichen Registerverschiebungen entsprechenden Werte an Adressen gespeichert, die unterschiedlichen Drehmomenten entsprechen, so daß das Massen eines bestimmten Drehmomentes bzw. der dafür charakteristischen Größe die Adressierung eines bestimmten Speicherplatzes zur Folge hat, während der an diesem Speicherplatz vorhandene Wert die dem Drehmoment zugeordnete Registerverschiebung bestimmt. Die Übertragung dieses Wertes in die gewünschte Registerverschiebung kann mit den üblichen Mitteln der Steuerungstechnik ohne weiteres erfolgen. Ebenso versteht es sich, daß es ohne weiteres möglich ist, das gemessene Drehmoment in einen Digitalwert umzusetzen, der unmittelbar einer Speicheradresse entspricht.For the practical implementation of the method according to the invention, it is of particular advantage if the functional relationship between the torque or a variable characteristic therefor and the register shift is stored in the form of a table of values, because then the data contained in the table of values is saved by conventional computing devices, in particular a digital one Processor that can be processed. In principle, the values corresponding to the different register shifts are then stored at addresses which correspond to different torques, so that the mass of a certain torque or the characteristic quantity therefor results in the addressing of a specific memory location, while the value available at this memory location corresponds to the torque assigned register shift determined. This value can easily be transferred to the desired register shift using the usual control technology. It also goes without saying that it is readily possible to convert the measured torque into a digital value which corresponds directly to a memory address.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand einer in den Figuren dargestellten Grundausführung näher beschrieben. Es zeigt :

  • Figur 1 eine Darstellung einer Fünffarben-Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine mit Leistungseinspeisung zwischen dem zweiten und dritten Druckwerk und schematischer Darstellung der Leistungsaufteilung,
  • Figur 2 die gleiche Ansicht wie in Fig. 1, jedoch bei unbelastetem zweiten Druckwerk,
  • Figur 3 ein Drehmomenten-Diagramm,
  • Figur 4 den schematischen Aufbau einer Grundausführung nach der Erfindung in Form eines Blockschaltbildes.
The invention is described below with reference to a basic embodiment shown in the figures. It shows :
  • 1 shows an illustration of a five-color sheet-fed rotary printing press with power feed between the second and third printing units and a schematic illustration of the power distribution,
  • FIG. 2 shows the same view as in FIG. 1, but with the second printing unit unloaded,
  • FIG. 3 shows a torque diagram,
  • Figure 4 shows the schematic structure of a basic embodiment according to the invention in the form of a block diagram.

Gemäß Fig. 1 wird die vom Antriebsmotor 6 aufgebrachte Antriebsleistung zwischen dem zweiten und dem dritten Druckwerk einer Fünffarben-Bogenoffsetdruckmaschine 7 in den schematisch angedeuteten Räderzug 8 eingespeist. Bei prinzippieller Betrachtung vorausgesetzt, daß jedes Druckwerk gleichen Momentenbedarf hat und schematisch angedeuteter Anleger 9 sowie Ausleger 10 und sonstige Nebenaggregate als leistungslos angenommen werden, ergibt sich die in Fig. 1 zahlenmäßig angegebene Drehmomentenverteilung bei der maximalen Drehzahl nmax der Druckmaschine 7. Ausgehend von dem vom Antriebsmotor 6 aufgebrachten Gesamtdrehmoment 111, das in der Krafteingabestelle 11 zwischen den Druckwerken 2 und 3 im Verhältnis 2 : 3 aufgeteilt wird, ergibt sich für jedes einzelne Druckwerk ein Momentenbedarf und Verbrauch von 1/5 des Gesamtdrehmomentes 111. 2/5 des aufgesplitteten Drehmomentes dienen zur Drehmomentenversorgung des ersten und zweiten Druckwerkes, während die restlichen 3/5 des Drehmomentes gleichmäßig auf die Druckwerke 3 bis 5 verteilt werden.1, the drive power applied by the drive motor 6 is fed into the schematically indicated gear train 8 between the second and third printing units of a five-color sheet-fed offset printing press 7. When considering in principle that each printing unit has the same torque requirement and that schematically indicated feeder 9 as well as delivery arm 10 and other auxiliary units are assumed to be without power, the torque distribution shown in FIG. 1 at the maximum speed n max of the printing machine 7 results Total torque 111 applied by the drive motor 6, which is divided in the force input point 11 between the printing units 2 and 3 in a ratio of 2: 3, results in a torque requirement and consumption of 1/5 of the total torque 111. 2/5 of the split torque for each individual printing unit are used to supply the first and second printing units with torque, while the remaining 3/5 of the torque is distributed evenly between printing units 3 to 5.

Bei Nichtbelastung eines Druckwerkes, gemäß Fig. 2 das Druckwerk 2, wird dieses leistungslos, so daß der Momentenbedarf der Druckmaschine 2 und somit das vom Antriebsmotor 1 aufzubringende Drehmoment nur noch 4/5 des Gesamtdrehmomentes M betragen, wobei für die Druckwerke 1 und 2 dann insgesamt nur noch 1/5 und für die Druckwerke 3 bis 5 insgesamt 3/5 des eingespeisten Drehmomentes verwandt werden.2, the printing unit 2 becomes powerless, so that the torque requirement of the printing machine 2 and thus the torque to be applied by the drive motor 1 are only 4/5 of the total torque M, with the printing units 1 and 2 then only 1/5 in total and 3/5 of the fed-in torque for printing units 3 to 5.

Im Drehmomentendiagramm der Fig.3 ist der Bedarf des Gesamtdrehmomentes für eine Druckmaschine 7 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 in Abhängigkeit von der steigenden Maschinendrehzahl n angedeutet, wobei an der Ordinate das Drehmoment M und an der Abszisse die Maschinendrehzahl nm aufgetragen sind. An der Ordinate ist außerdem - mit der Bezugsziffer 21 gekennzeichnet - das maximale vom Antriebsmotor erzeugbare Drehmoment M = 100 % und an der Abszisse die maximale Drehzahl der Druckmaschine nmax angedeutet, der die Bezugsziffer 22 zugeordnet ist. Ausgehend davon, daß bereits beim Anfahren der Druckmaschine mit der Maschinendrehzahl nm = 0 Reibungswiderstände auftreten, die überwunden werden müssen, ist der Beginn der Drehmomentenkurven 12 und 13 erst ab einer Maschinendrehzahl 23 dargestellt, ab der das Startmoment überwunden und somit vernachlässigbar ist. Die Drehmomentenkurve 12 ist characteristisch für den Drehmomentenverlauf bei einer Druckmaschine gemäß Fig. und die Kurve 13 für den Drehmomentenverlauf einer Druckmaschine gemäß Fig. 2 Dabei ist der Antriebsmötor 6 jeweils derart ausgelegt, daß er bei voller Auslastung durch alle fünf Druckwerke . gemäß Endpunkt der Drehmomentenkurve 12 bei höchster Maschinendrehzahl 22 und größtem Drehmomentenbedarf stets nur im Teillastbereich, beispielsweise mit ca. 80 % seiner Gesamtleistung gefahren werden muß.In the torque diagram of FIG. 3, the total torque required for a printing press 7 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is dependent on the rising machines speed n indicated, with the torque M on the ordinate and the machine speed n m on the abscissa. The ordinate also indicates the maximum torque M = 100% that can be generated by the drive motor, and the maximum rotational speed of the printing press n max to which the reference number 22 is assigned is indicated on the abscissa. Starting from the fact that friction resistances that have to be overcome already occur when the printing machine starts up with the machine speed n m = 0, the beginning of the torque curves 12 and 13 is only shown from a machine speed 23 above which the starting torque is overcome and is therefore negligible. The torque curve 12 is characteristic of the torque curve for a printing press according to FIG. And the curve 13 for the torque curve of a printing press according to FIG. 2. The drive motor 6 is designed such that it is under full load by all five printing units. According to the end point of the torque curve 12 at the highest machine speed 22 and the greatest torque requirement, it must only be driven in the partial load range, for example with approximately 80% of its total output.

Durch den funktionellen Zusammenhang zwischen Drehmoment und Registerverschiebung werden vorzugsweise in einem Probelauf entweder für eine Serie von Druckmaschinen der gleichen Typenreihe oder für jede Maschine separat, unter Berücksichtigung weiterer Parameter, wie Temperaturänderungen, Art und Dicke des Druckträgers, Art und Zusammensetzung der Druckfarben usw., die für diese Drehmomentenkurven charakteristischen Werte der entsprechenden Registerverstellungen in den einzelnen Drehzahlbereichen ermittelt. Gemäß Fig. 4 wird hierzu das vom Antriebsmotor 6 aufgebrachte Gesamtdrehmoment in einer Einrichtung 14 zur Überwachung des Drehmomentes, ausgebildet als Momentenwandler, meßtechnisch erfaßt und in eine für das jeweilige Drehmoment charakteristische Größe, z. B. die Stromstärke I, umtransformiert.Due to the functional relationship between torque and register shift, preferably in a test run either for a series of printing presses of the same type series or for each press separately, taking into account further parameters such as temperature changes, type and thickness of the printing medium, type and composition of the printing inks etc., the characteristic values of the corresponding register adjustments in the individual speed ranges determined for these torque curves. According to FIG. 4, the total torque applied by the drive motor 6 is measured in a device 14 for monitoring the torque, designed as a torque converter, and measured in a quantity characteristic of the respective torque, e.g. B. the current intensity I, transformed.

Die derart umgesetzten Werte des gemessenen Drehmomentes werden in einem Speicher 15 einer Steuereinheit 16 abgespeichert. Der Speicher kann als interner Speicher der Steuereinheit 16 oder stattdessen als externe Speichereinheit ausgebildet sein. Die Steuereinheit 16 - vorzugsweise ein elektronischer Rechner - ist mit einer Bedieneinheit 17 gekoppelt, mittels deren nicht näher beschriebenen und dargestellten Tastatur Steuerbefehle zur Verstellung des Registers der einzelnen Druckwerke 1 bis 5 eingegeben werden können. Der Steuereinheit 16 ist eine Verknüpfungselektronik 18 vorgeschaltet, die auftrags-, maschinen- und umgebungsspezifische Parameter erfaßt und in Abhängigkeit von den gemessenen Drehmomenten ebenfalls im Speicher 15 abspeichert.The values of the measured torque converted in this way are stored in a memory 15 of a control unit 16. The memory can be designed as an internal memory of the control unit 16 or instead as an external memory unit. The control unit 16 - preferably an electronic computer - is coupled to an operating unit 17, by means of whose keyboard not described and shown in more detail, control commands for adjusting the register of the individual printing units 1 to 5 can be entered. A control electronics unit 18 is connected upstream of the control unit 16, which records parameters specific to the job, machine and environment and also stores them in the memory 15 as a function of the measured torques.

Die Steuereinheit 16 ist mit den Registermotoren 19 der einzelnen Druckwerke 1 bis 5 verbunden. Die Registermotoren 19 sind zwecks Rückmeldung ihrer Positionswerte ebenfalls mit dem Speicher 15 sowie mit einer Anzeige 20 zur visuellen Darstellung der Registerwerte in digitaler oder analoger Form gekoppelt.The control unit 16 is connected to the register motors 19 of the individual printing units 1 to 5. The register motors 19 are also coupled to the memory 15 and to a display 20 for visual representation of the register values in digital or analog form for the purpose of feedback of their position values.

Obwohl der funktionelle Zusammenhang zwischen Drehmoment und Registerverschiebung eine Charakteristik der jeweiligen Druckmaschine 7 ist, kann diese Charakteristik noch von äußeren Faktoren abhängen, wie beispielsweise der Temperatur, da ja auch die Elastizitätseigenschaften der Werkstoffe temperaturabhängig sind. Weiterhin hängt die Registerverschiebung von der Art und Weise ab, wie sich die Belastungen auf die Getriebekette, d. h. den Räderzug 8, verteilen, so daß auch die Verwendung von Farben unterschiedlicher Viskosität einen Einfluß auf die Registerverschiebung haben kann. Weiterhin kann die Registerverschiebung von dem Material abhängen, das als Druckträger verwendet wird, also beispielsweise von der Zusammensetzung und Dicke des verwendeten Papiers, aber vielleicht auch von Kunststoffolien oder sogar Textilstücken. Demgemäß kann es zweckmäßig sein, den funktionellen Zusammenhang zwischen Drehmoment und Registerverschiebung unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen zu ermitteln und jeweils den für die herrschenden Bedingungen geltenden funktionellen Zusammenhang zur Steuerung der Registerverschiebung zu verwenden. Eine solche beeinflussende Bedingung kann z. B. das Abschalten eines oder mehrerer Druckwerke 1-5 sein, oder generelle Momentverschiebungen durch Änderung von Funktionen.Although the functional relationship between torque and register shift is a characteristic of the respective printing press 7, this characteristic can also depend on external factors, such as the temperature, since the elastic properties of the materials are also temperature-dependent. Furthermore, the register shift depends on the way in which the loads on the transmission chain, i. H. distribute the gear train 8, so that the use of colors of different viscosities can have an influence on the register shift. Furthermore, the shift in register may depend on the material used as the print carrier, for example on the composition and thickness of the paper used, but perhaps also on plastic films or even pieces of textile. Accordingly, it can be expedient to determine the functional relationship between torque and register shift under different conditions and to use the functional relationship applicable to the prevailing conditions to control the register shift. Such an influencing condition can e.g. B. the switching off of one or more printing units 1-5, or general torque shifts by changing functions.

Es wurde bereits erwähnt, daß der funktionelle Zusammenhang zwischen einer im Betrieb meßbaren, für das Drehmoment charakteristischen Größe und der notwendigen Registerverschiebung durch einen Probelauf ermittelt werden kann, bei dem für alle möglichen Betriebszustände die Registerverschiebung als Funktion dieser Größe registriert wird. Ein solcher Probelauf braucht jedoch nicht für jede einzelne Druckmaschine 7 zu erfolgen.It has already been mentioned that the functional relationship between a variable which is measurable in operation and which is characteristic of the torque and the necessary register shift can be determined by a test run in which the register shift is registered as a function of this variable for all possible operating states. However, such a test run does not have to be carried out for each individual printing press 7.

Bei Verwendung gleicher Werstoffe und enger Fertigungstoleranzen genügt es vielmehr, diesen Zusammenhang an einer Maschine exemplarisch für eine Maschinenserie oder sogar einen Maschinentyp zu bestimmen, entweder durch den zuvor erwähnten Probelauf, durch experimentelle Ermittlung oder ausschließlich durch Berechnung, weil für alle anderen Maschinen der gleichen Serie oder des gleichen Typs der gleiche funktionelle Zusammenhang zwischen Drehmoment und Registerverschiebung besteht.When using the same materials and tight manufacturing tolerances, it is rather sufficient to determine this relationship on a machine as an example for a machine series or even a machine type, either by the aforementioned test run, by experimental determination or solely by calculation, because for all other machines of the same series or of the same type there is the same functional relationship between torque and register shift.

Beim Probelauf wird das vom Antriebsmotor 6 aufgebrachte Drehmoment in Abhängigkeit von der steigenden Maschinendrehzahl im Drehmomentenwandler 14 in eine für das Drehmoment charackteristische Größe umtransformiert und über die Steuereinheit 16 in den Speicher 15 eingegeben. Gleichzeitig dazu werden durch die Verknüpfungselektronik 18 die auflagen-, maschinen- und umgebungsabhängigen Parameter fortlaufend erfaßt und ebenfalls gespeichert. Mit steigender Maschinendrehzahln sowie mit sich verändernden Parametern, wie Temperatur, Wechsel eines Druckauftrags mit anderem Druckträger, Verwendung anderer Druckfarben usw., verändert sich auch das Register der einzelnen Druckwerke und bedarf ständiger Nachkorrekturen, die mittels der Bedieneinheit 17 in die Steuereinheit 16 eingegeben und deren Werte im Speicher 15 abgespeichert werden. Dadurch werden die Werte der Registerverschiebung als Funktion der Drehmomente sowie der Parameter in Form einer Wertetabelle jederzeit abrufbar abgespeichert.During the test run, the torque applied by the drive motor 6 is transformed into a variable characteristic of the torque as a function of the increasing engine speed in the torque converter 14 and is entered into the memory 15 via the control unit 16. At the same time, the link electronics 18 make the parameters dependent on the conditions, the machine and the environment continuously recorded and also saved. With increasing machine speeds and with changing parameters, such as temperature, changing a print job with a different print medium, using other printing inks, etc., the register of the individual printing units also changes and requires constant corrections, which are entered by means of the operating unit 17 into the control unit 16 and the like Values are stored in memory 15. As a result, the values of the register shift as a function of the torques and the parameters are stored at any time in the form of a table of values.

Nach Auslieferung der Druckmaschine 7 werden im Betriebszustand während des Maschinenlaufs diese Werte über die Steuereinheit 16 vom Speicher 15 abgerufen und entsprechend diesen Werten die Registermotoren 19 automatisch verstellt, bis die dem jeweiligen Drehmoment sowie den erwähnten Parametern zugeordnete, gewünschte Registerverschiebung automatisch erzielt worden ist.After delivery of the printing press 7, these values are called up from the memory 15 via the control unit 16 and the register motors 19 are automatically adjusted in accordance with these values until the desired register shift associated with the respective torque and the mentioned parameters has been automatically achieved.

Bei Verwendung eines elektronischen Rechners als Steuereinheit 16 besteht auch die Möglichkeit, daß die Steuereinheit 16 die Werte registriert, die der Drucker im Betrieb einstellt, um dadurch bereits gespeicherte Werte der vom Drehmoment abhängigen Registerverschiebung zu korrigieren oder überhaupt erst solche Werte zu speichern. Beim nachfolgenden Drucken werden die von der Steuereinheit 16 registrierten Einstellungen selbsttätig verwirklicht, so daß der funktionelle Zusammenhang zu Beginn der Inbetriebnahme einer Druckmaschine 7 selbsttätig erfaßt wird. In diesem Fall können also die ersten Druckvorgänge nach Ingebrauchnahme der Maschine als « Probelauf zur Erfassung des funktionellen Zusammenhanges verstanden werden.If an electronic computer is used as the control unit 16, there is also the possibility that the control unit 16 registers the values which the printer sets in operation, in order to correct values of the torque-dependent register shift which have already been stored or to save such values in the first place. During the subsequent printing, the settings registered by the control unit 16 are implemented automatically, so that the functional relationship at the start of the start-up of a printing press 7 is detected automatically. In this case, the first printing processes after the machine has been put into operation can be understood as a “test run to determine the functional relationship.

Claims (8)

1. Method of reducing register errors in multi-colour rotary printing presses, particularly in multi-colour offset printing presses, whose printing units (1 to 5) are driven by a common motor (6) and exhibit a register adjusting device (19), wherein the functional relationship between the torque delivered by the motor (6) or a quantity characteristic of the torque and the register adjustment necessary for maintaining perfect register is recorded and stored, whereby, when the press is running, the torque delivered by the motor (6) or the quantity characteristic thereof is monitored and the register adjustment is set to the value functionally assigned to the respective torque.
2. Method according to Claim 1, wherein the functional relationship is determined by at least one trial run.
3. Method according to Claim 1, wherein the functional relationship is determined by calculation.
4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the torque at the drive shaft of the motor (6) is measured.
5. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the current consumption of the motor (6) is measured as the quantity characteristic of the torque of the motor (6).
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functional relationship between torque or a quantity characteristic of the torque and the register adjustement is stored in the form of a table of values and is processed by means of a digital processor (14 to 18).
7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functional relationship between the torque or a quantity characteristic of the torque and the register adjustment is determined under different conditions, e. g. at different temperatures, using inks of different viscosity and/or using different materials as printing carriers, and in each case the functional relationship valid for the prevailing conditions is used for controlling the register adjustment.
8. Device for reducing register errors in multi-colour rotary printing presses, particularly multi-colour offset printing presses, whose printing units are driven by a common motor (6) and exhibit a register adjusting device (19), wherein the press is set up for implementing the method according to any one or more than one of the preceding claims and exhibits a device (.14) for monitoring the torque delivered by the motor (6) or a quantity characteristic of the torque as well as a control unit (16) comprising a memory (15) in which register adjustment values assigned to different torques are stored, said control unit causing, depending on the measured torque or the quantity characteristic thereof, the register adjustment to be set to the assigned, stored value.
EP82111065A 1981-12-08 1982-11-30 Method and means for reducing registration faults in multicolour rotary printing machines Expired EP0081186B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3148449 1981-12-08
DE3148449A DE3148449C1 (en) 1981-12-08 1981-12-08 Process for reducing register errors and printing press for carrying out the process

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EP0081186B1 true EP0081186B1 (en) 1985-03-13

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US (1) US5036764A (en)
EP (1) EP0081186B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58108147A (en)
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EP0081186A1 (en) 1983-06-15
US5036764A (en) 1991-08-06
ES8307594A1 (en) 1983-08-16
CA1208971A (en) 1986-08-05
JPS58108147A (en) 1983-06-28
AT385240B (en) 1988-03-10
ATA448882A (en) 1987-08-15
JPH0454581B2 (en) 1992-08-31
ES517941A0 (en) 1983-08-16
DE3148449C1 (en) 1983-06-01

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