EP0079293B1 - Interrupteur modulaire à soufflage par champ magnétique et à refroidissement par gaz - Google Patents

Interrupteur modulaire à soufflage par champ magnétique et à refroidissement par gaz Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0079293B1
EP0079293B1 EP82420103A EP82420103A EP0079293B1 EP 0079293 B1 EP0079293 B1 EP 0079293B1 EP 82420103 A EP82420103 A EP 82420103A EP 82420103 A EP82420103 A EP 82420103A EP 0079293 B1 EP0079293 B1 EP 0079293B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
module
current
contacts
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82420103A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0079293A2 (fr
EP0079293A3 (en
Inventor
Guy St-Jean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Quebec
Original Assignee
Hydro Quebec
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Quebec filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Priority to AT82420103T priority Critical patent/ATE32396T1/de
Publication of EP0079293A2 publication Critical patent/EP0079293A2/fr
Publication of EP0079293A3 publication Critical patent/EP0079293A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0079293B1 publication Critical patent/EP0079293B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the interruption of a high direct or alternating current flowing in a high voltage power line by means of a switch or a circuit breaker.
  • the subject of the present invention is a switch or circuit breaker of the type known under the name of "magnetic field blow switch", in which the current to be interrupted flows through a coil which generates a strong magnetic field capable of draw and cut the electric arc that occurs as soon as the switch or circuit breaker contacts are separated.
  • the stretching of the arc causes a rapid increase in the voltage across the arc and thus forces the current to tend towards 0 and therefore to break.
  • Conventional type magnetic field blown current interrupters usually consist of a simple switch comprising a fixed contact and a movable contact between which an electric arc is formed when the circuit is opened and the current still circulates.
  • the arc thus formed is drawn between the contacts by a magnetic field which is produced perpendicular to its latter by a coil electrically connected in series with the contacts through which the current flows which must be interrupted.
  • the arc voltage which always has a polarity opposite to the voltage of the current source is proportional to the length of the arc and therefore increases when the arc stretches under the effect of the field to finally reduce the intensity electric current at 0 and thus ensure the desired interruption.
  • the coil can be mounted either in series on the electrical circuit formed by the various contacts of the switch electrically connected together, or in parallel with respect to this same circuit.
  • the modular blow-off switch by magnetic field and cooled by air or gas can comprise a plurality of modules stacked one above the other and fixed together in this position.
  • Each module can be fitted with non-magnetic metal plates mounted on each of its opposite faces and electrically connected to the fixed contacts to dissipate heat.
  • the pivoting axis used to operate the double contacts must have a length sufficient to connect the double contacts of all the modules together so that these contacts can all be actuated simultaneously.
  • a stack of modules as previously described can be used as a current limiter by electrically connecting the ends of a large coil to the metal plates fixed to the surface of the end modules of the threading to limit the current.
  • FIG. 1 is intended to illustrate the structure of a device for interrupting current by blowing by magnetic field of conventional type mounted on an electric line (1) and equipped with a single switch constituted by a contact fixed electrical (3) and a movable electrical contact (5) mounted on a pivot (7) so as to be able to detach from or return to the fixed contact (3).
  • the electric line (1) is connected to a magnetic field blowing coil (not shown) using conductors (9) defining between them a space in which the arc moves when it is "blown" by the magnetic field created by the coil in a prependicular direction. To increase the arc voltage.
  • the arc is directed towards a multiplicity of chambers (11) formed inside the casing (13) of the interrupting device by means of a plurality of fins or insulating walls (15).
  • the arc (17) immediately forms and moves in the space defined between the conductors (9) under the action of the magnetic force generated by the coil.
  • the center of the arc (17) which thus moves away from the contacts, enters the chambers (11) where it is sectioned into a series of small elementary arcs which are in turn stretched and curved until their total length is large enough so that the arc voltage has a value sufficient to bring the current flowing in the line (1) to the value 0.
  • Such a current interrupting device works well but is limited by the insulation capacity of these contacts (3) and (5).
  • the length of the arc (17) must increase in the same way to be able to interrupt the flow of current in the line.
  • the current interruption time in a device of this type is of the order of a few tens of milliseconds, which is relatively long and leads to rapid erosion of the contacts of the switch.
  • This switch includes at least one module comprising two arcing chambers, each of which is provided with current interruption means mounted in series on the electric line whose current is to be interrupted. If the value of the voltage of the power line makes it necessary, two or more modules of the previous type can be stacked and their contacts connected in series. In this way, an arc chamber of standard dimensions can be provided to obtain an interruption time much shorter than that presently obtained with the interruption device of the type previously described.
  • the interruption time can be reduced to a millisecond or less by using modules supporting 5 kV, each module having the shape of a flat disc with an approximate diameter of 15 or 20 cm or a rectangular plate 10 or 15 cm wide, the disc or plate having a thickness not exceeding 5 cm.
  • FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings shows two modules (19) and (19 ') which are identical. For this reason, only the top module (19) will be described below.
  • the module (19) comprises a body illustrated here by plates (21) and (23) inside each of which a circular arc chamber (25) and (27) is formed.
  • Current interruption means are arranged substantially in the center of each chamber (25) and (27).
  • the means of the upper chamber include a fixed contact (29) and a movable and pivoting contact (31).
  • the current interrupting means of the lower chamber (27) comprise a fixed contact (33) and a movable and pivoting contact (35).
  • the movable contacts (31) and (35) are respectively equipped with contact bars (30) and (32) which are intended to work in cooperation with the fixed contacts (29) and (33) in a way that is already well known. As can be seen, this description also applies to the lower module (19 ').
  • the contacts (29), (31), (33) and (35) are of course made of non-magnetic and electrically conductive materials, such as copper.
  • the movable contacts (31) and (35) of the means for interrupting the two arcing chambers are electrically connected and in fact consist of a single element as will be explained below in the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • a particularly important feature of the present invention resides in the fact that the movable contacts (31) and (35) are not only electrically interconnected since they in fact form a single element provided at each end of the bars (30) and ( 32) previously mentioned, but also actuated by the same pivoting axis made of a non-conductive material. This axis also serves to actuate the contact elements (31 ') and (35') of the lower module (19 ').
  • a coil (37) intended to provide a sufficient magnetic force (39), is connected, by its two ends, to the fixed contact (33) of the chamber (27) and to the fixed contact (29 ') of the chamber (25' ) of the lower module (19 ').
  • the chambers are each provided with internal walls (41), (43), (41 ') and (43'), defining passages (G) from the outside of the body of each module to the fixed and mobile contacts of this same module for guiding a gas or the ambient area aspirated inside the chambers when the arcs are blown, as will be explained below.
  • the current flowing in the electric line enters the switch at (44) via the fixed contact (29) of the chamber (25). This current leaves the switch at (44 ') via the fixed contact (33') of the chamber (27 ') of the lower module (19'). It can therefore be seen that the current flowing in the means for interrupting the successive arcing chambers moves from one direction to the other as one passes from one chamber to the next. In other words, the current flows from contact (29) to contact (31) in the chamber (25) and from contact (35) to contact (33) in the chamber (27), then flows in the coil (37 ) before traveling again from contact (29 ') to contact (3T) in the chamber (25') and from contact (35 ') to contact (33') in the chamber (27 ').
  • an essential characteristic of the invention lies in the fact that all the sets of two mobile contacts contained in each module (31) and (35) as well as (31 ') and (35') and their respective contact bars (30) and (32) as well as (30 ') and (32') are not only electrically interconnected but also mechanically connected together so as to be operated simultaneously.
  • each module (19) and (19 ') is made of a non-conductive material permeable to air, such as compressed glass beads.
  • FIG 3 shows a vertical sectional view of the switch shown schematically in Figure 2.
  • each module such as the module (19) is composed of an intermediate flat disc (47) and two external discs (49) and (51) mounted on the two external faces of the intermediate disc (47) and fixed to this by means, for example, of an adhesive resistant to high temperatures applied along their outer periphery.
  • the faces of the outer discs (49) and (51) which are adjacent to the intermediate disc (47) are each provided with a shallow recess and a flat bottom (53) and (55).
  • the intermediate disc is also provided, on each of its two outer faces, with a shallow recess and a flat bottom (57).
  • These recesses (57) are similar to each other have a shape and a dimension identical to those of the recesses (53) and (55) so as to be able to cooperate geometrically with them to define the arc chambers (25) and (27) .
  • FIG 3 also shows the passages (G) formed by the walls (41) and (4T) procedure mentioned. For reasons of simplicity, the means of interrupting each room have not been illustrated.
  • the height of various chambers (25), (27), (25 ') and (27') is the same and is chosen so as to be equal to or smaller than the diameter d of the arches formed in each room.
  • the arcs formed touch the opposite walls of the chambers when they are accelerated radially from the contact elements when the latter are open.
  • This centrifugal movement of the arc in each chamber and the fact that it touches the walls creates a suction of air or gas from outside the chamber to the space defined between the contacts.
  • the movement of the cooling gas thus drawn in is illustrated by means of arrows in the passages (G) illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the gas which is compressed in front of the arc when the latter is drawn escapes from through the walls of the chamber thanks to the porosity of the material from which the body of each module is made.
  • blowing coil is near the associated modules (19) and (19 ′) and therefore their respective chambers so as to be able to create a strong magnetic field allowing an adequate acceleration of the arches.
  • such an arrangement makes it possible to accelerate the stretching of the electric arcs much more quickly than any interruption device of known type.
  • each fixed contact (29) consists of a bar (63) fixed to the intermediate disc (47) in any known manner, and extended upwards by a plut (65) passing through the outer discs (49) and (51) until reaching the outer surface thereof.
  • the bar (63) has an inclined surface (67) (see Figure 6).
  • the movable contact (31) has a central axis (69) ending at each end by a bar (71) extending laterally and provided with an inclined surface (67 ') (see Figure 6) intended to come into electrical contact with the inclined surfaces (67) of the corresponding fixed contacts (29).
  • the movable contact (31) of the module is mounted on a pivot (73) made of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • This pivot extends through the module and is actuated in rotation by means of an operating mechanism which can be of standard construction known to any person skilled in the art.
  • the fixed contacts (29) are arranged on each side of the double movable contact (31) which, with its contact bars (71) which extend in opposite directions. This leads to a plane symmetry of the opposite faces of the intermediate disc (47) and to a similarity in shape of the outer discs (49) and (51).
  • the illustrated modules are constructed as shown schematically in Figure 2.
  • the fixed contacts (29) are arranged one above the other while the movable contact (31) has its bars contact (71) oriented in the same direction from the central axis (69). This leads to a linear symmetry of each module.
  • each module plate (75) of non-magnetic metal When several modules are to be stacked one on top of the other, it is preferable to fix on the opposite faces of each module plates (75) of non-magnetic metal to dissipate the heat. These plates which are therefore fixed on the external surfaces of the external disks (49) and (51) are electrically connected to the studs (65) and to the fixed contacts (29).
  • the modules thus stacked can be fixed to each other by any known means such as for example with electrically non-conductive bolts and nuts or by gluing.
  • the modular switch is mounted with play in a housing (77) intended to drive the pivot (73).
  • the pivot (73) is fixed to the housing (77) by means of drive bars (79) extending across open passages provided for this purpose through the intermediate discs (47) of the modules which must be equipped with such drive bars (79).
  • the number of bars will of course depend on the number of modules forming the hand switch, it will be appreciated that, in this way, the torsional force which the axis (73) undergoes is reduced to an acceptable limit.
  • the housing (77) can itself be rotated relative to the switch by any conventional drive means.
  • the housing (77); as well as the drive bars (79) must be made of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • the great advantages of the modular switch of the type described above are that it reduces the time taken for the arc voltage to reach its peak and therefore that it provides a faster current interruption.
  • the current interruption time can in fact be much less than a millisecond, which makes the modular switch according to the invention usable for a multitude of applications.
  • a variant of the invention consists in connecting the modular switch in parallel with its blowing coil so that the latter is mounted in shunt when the contacts of the switch are closed.
  • FIG. 7 Such an embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 7 where five identical modules are used and operated by the same drive device, and where the coil is mounted in shunt on the center module.
  • the coil has its two ends electrically connected to the external metal plates (75).
  • the interrupt modules When the contacts are open, the arcing voltage in the parallel chambers of the central module "forces" the current through the blow coil to produce the required magnetic field.
  • the interrupt modules have only the impedance of their contacts when these contacts are closed.
  • the blowing coil (37) carries the current only for a very short period of the order of a millisecond between the moment when the contacts separate until the moment when the current is interrupted.
  • the blow coil (37) can be made of a very thin wire and can be very compact since the current does not flow there permanently and no loss of energy occurs.
  • FIG. 8 Another alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • the switch is used in combination with a large blowing coil designed so as to be able to withstand a passage of permanent current or for a period of time long and thus make the switch usable as a current limiter on an alternating current circuit.
  • a current limiter comprises a large number of modules mounted in series and the outer plates (75) of the end modules of which are electrically connected to the ends of a limiting coil (37) acting also as a supply coil for the switch.
  • the interrupt circuit contacts are closed, the device impedance is zero and the device can therefore be connected in series on any alternating current circuit.
  • the contact circuits can quickly open and the current is interrupted for about a millisecond to circulate only in the limiting coil (37).
  • the latter can be chosen so that its impedance limits the intensity of the short-circuit current to any desired value.
  • Such a fast acting current limiter is extremely advantageous in a power supply system since it limits the increase in current to values much smaller than the short-circuit values provided with conventional type switches with, like the result is a reduction in the stresses which the equipment of the supply system must bear.
  • the alternating current switch constructed according to the invention has the advantage of bringing the current to O in an extremely short time range of the order of a millisecond or less, unlike conventional circuit switches where the interruption time is of the order of tens of milliseconds as previously indicated. As previously indicated also, this shorter interruption time very substantially reduces contact erosion by electric arcs.
  • a fast-acting switch such as that proposed in the case of the present invention can be used to limit the evolution and the peak value of the current by acting as a current limiter.
  • this switch which makes it possible to quickly bring the current to 0, can be used as a direct current switch under high voltage.
  • the switch can also be used under ambient pressure above or below atmospheric pressure, using any suitable insulating gas such as sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the modular switch according to the invention finds another interesting application in the field of work to be carried out on energy transmission lines.
  • the usual procedure consists in isolating a portion of the transmission line from the power source and then grounding the ends of this isolated portion of the transmission line on which the work is to be carried out.
  • Grounding is usually accomplished by means of insulated bars provided at one end with a connection mechanism to which a grounding conductor wire is attached. This thread, as its name suggests, leads to earth any current induced in the portion of the transmission line by the parallel transmission lines which are still in operation.
  • a switch according to the invention which, being extremely light, can be easily attached to the end of the bar and be used to effectively interrupt currents which can rise up to 400 amps at voltages equal to or greater than 49 kV.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
EP82420103A 1981-11-10 1982-07-19 Interrupteur modulaire à soufflage par champ magnétique et à refroidissement par gaz Expired EP0079293B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82420103T ATE32396T1 (de) 1981-11-10 1982-07-19 Modulschalter mit magnetischem blasfluss und mit gaskuehlung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/320,140 US4401870A (en) 1981-11-10 1981-11-10 Modular suction-gas-cooled magnetic blast circuit breaker
US320140 1989-03-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0079293A2 EP0079293A2 (fr) 1983-05-18
EP0079293A3 EP0079293A3 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0079293B1 true EP0079293B1 (fr) 1988-02-03

Family

ID=23245051

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82420103A Expired EP0079293B1 (fr) 1981-11-10 1982-07-19 Interrupteur modulaire à soufflage par champ magnétique et à refroidissement par gaz

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4401870A (it)
EP (1) EP0079293B1 (it)
JP (1) JPS5885232A (it)
AT (1) ATE32396T1 (it)
CA (1) CA1140625A (it)
DE (1) DE3278093D1 (it)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020018332A1 (en) * 2000-07-04 2002-02-14 Matthias Kroeker Arrangement having a contact element which can be brought into contact with another contact element
JP5050265B2 (ja) * 2007-11-09 2012-10-17 国立大学法人九州工業大学 自己回復性限流ヒューズ
GB2461024B (en) * 2008-06-16 2012-06-13 Converteam Technology Ltd Fuses
JP5859361B2 (ja) * 2012-03-27 2016-02-10 住友重機械工業株式会社 リニアモータ冷却構造
JP5859360B2 (ja) * 2012-03-27 2016-02-10 住友重機械工業株式会社 リニアモータ冷却構造
CN111584321B (zh) * 2019-05-21 2022-06-10 杭州德睿达电气有限公司 一种直流快速断路器的磁吹灭弧***
FR3123143A1 (fr) * 2021-05-21 2022-11-25 Socomec Module de coupure électrique équipé d’un dispositif de soufflage magnétique et appareil de coupure électrique comportant un tel module

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB187821A (en) * 1921-10-05 1922-11-02 George Ellison Improvements relating to magnetic blow-out devices for use with electric circuit controlling apparatus
DE533477C (de) * 1928-06-24 1931-09-15 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Hoernerschalter mit mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Hoernerpaaren
US2443650A (en) * 1944-09-27 1948-06-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
BE539076A (it) * 1954-07-16
GB957359A (en) * 1962-04-04 1964-05-06 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to surge diverters
CH470093A (de) * 1968-02-09 1969-03-15 Gen Electric Uberspannungsableiter
US3566201A (en) * 1969-03-03 1971-02-23 Gen Electric Discharge arc control means for a lightning arrester
US3611045A (en) * 1970-02-24 1971-10-05 Gen Electric Lightning arrester sparkgap assembly having opposed electromagnetic field-generating means for controlling arc movement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE32396T1 (de) 1988-02-15
EP0079293A2 (fr) 1983-05-18
US4401870A (en) 1983-08-30
JPS5885232A (ja) 1983-05-21
DE3278093D1 (en) 1988-03-10
EP0079293A3 (en) 1985-06-19
CA1140625A (fr) 1983-02-01
JPH0147848B2 (it) 1989-10-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0470014B1 (fr) Disjoncteur éléctrique à arc tournant et à autoexpansion
EP0118333B1 (fr) Dispositif interrupteur muni d'un écran isolant s'interposant entre les contacts lors de la coupure et de moyens de cisaillement de l'arc entre cet écran et une paroi isolante
EP0385886B1 (fr) Disjoncteur à arc tournant et à effet centrifuge du gaz d'extinction
EP2061051B1 (fr) Chambre de coupure et disjoncteur équipé d'une telle chambre de coupure
EP0957500B1 (fr) Disjoncteur dont une phase au moins est consituée par plusieurs compartiments polaires connectés en parallèle
EP1115132B1 (fr) Pôle pour disjoncteur électrique, muni d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc à écrans diélectriques
FR3012662A1 (fr) Appareil de commutation electrique de courant continu bidirectionnel comportant de petits aimants permanents sur des elements lateraux ferromagnetiques et un ensemble de plaques de sectionnement d'arc
FR2616957A1 (fr) Chambre d'extinction d'arc a pression elevee
EP0079293B1 (fr) Interrupteur modulaire à soufflage par champ magnétique et à refroidissement par gaz
CH699821B1 (fr) Coupe-circuit électromécanique et procédé pour couper le courant dans ce coupe-circuit électromécanique.
EP1764811B1 (fr) Dispositif de coupure comportant une chambre d'extinction d'arc de taille réduite
EP1667180B1 (fr) Dispositif électrique de coupure avec chambre d'extinction d'arc à ailettes de désionisation
EP0073201B1 (fr) Fusible
EP1376634A1 (fr) Ampoule à vide pour un appareil de protection éléctrique tel un interrupteur ou un disjoncteur
CA2147576C (fr) Disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension
FR2575589A1 (fr) Interrupteur electrique a ecran
FR2784244A1 (fr) Commutateur a eclateur a etages multiples
EP3035363B1 (fr) Chambre de coupure d'arc pour un disjoncteur electrique, et disjoncteur comportant une telle chambre
FR2734397A1 (fr) Dispositif d'extinction d'arc electrique pour un interrupteur electrique
EP0657907B1 (fr) Dispositif de rupture de courant d'appareil interrupteur notamment pour contacteur ou contacteur-disjoncteur
EP1267374B1 (fr) Appareillage électrique de coupure à pont de contact mobile
EP4107768B1 (fr) Chambre de coupure à soufflage magnétique pour un appareil de coupure électrique et appareil de coupure électrique équipé d'une telle chambre
EP0644567A1 (fr) Interrupteur haute tension à arc tournant et à gaz isolant
FR2662540A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a moyenne tension.
EP4341971A1 (fr) Module de coupure electrique equipe d'un dispositif de soufflage magnetique et appareil de coupure electrique comportant un tel module

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19850930

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19861029

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 32396

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19880215

Kind code of ref document: T

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3278093

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19880310

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19880731

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19890628

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19890630

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19890630

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19890705

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19890719

Year of fee payment: 8

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19890731

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19890731

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19890916

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19900719

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19900719

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19900720

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19900731

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19900731

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19900731

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: HYDRO-QUEBEC

Effective date: 19900731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19910201

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19910329

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19910403

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 82420103.2

Effective date: 19910402